UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版）

本高中英语讲义以林肯《葛底斯堡演说》为核心，系统梳理演说背景（美国内战、葛底斯堡战役）、文本结构（历史回顾-理想阐述-未来展望）及语言特征（重点词汇如“in memory of”“bring forth”，语法如定语从句、宾语从句），构建“背景导入-文本分析-语言应用”的学习支架。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过详细词汇注释（如“liberty”“equality”）、语法解析（如“not only...but also...”结构）提升语言理解与表达能力，结合演说蕴含的平等理想深化文化认知，配套练习题（如主旨题、词汇填空）训练思维品质。课中辅助教师文本解读，课后助力学生巩固语言点，查漏补缺。

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas [对应学生用书P86] The Words That Changed A Nation On a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863，a tall，thin man mounted① a platform in a field in Gettysburg，Pennsylvania and began to speak.The place was the site② of a recent battle [1]where thousands of soldiers had died．The man was Abraham Lincoln，[2]President of the United States of America，and he was there in memory of③ the soldiers who had died.The speech he gave was just 268 words long and lasted two minutes.But this address④ to the crowd changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation. [1]此处是关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the site，where在从句中作地点状语。 [2]此处是名词词组，作Abraham Lincoln的同位语。President在此处表示“独一无二”的职务，其前用定冠词。 At that time，America was bitterly⑤divided⑥.For two years，its people had been deep in a civil war⑦ between the slave-owning⑧ Confederate⑨ Southern States and the “free”Northern States of the Union⑩.The worst battle lasted three days and took place at Gettysburg in 1863.The Union side won，but at a great cost⑪.Over 50，000 soldiers were killed or wounded，and people lost hope and purpose.What was all this suffering⑫ for? Lincoln understood the feelings of the civilian⑬ people.His speech gave them hope，belief and a reason to look to⑭ the future.[3]He gave them a new vision⑮ of what the United States of America should be，based on the ideals⑯ set down⑰ by its Founding Fathers⑱ 87 years before. It was what the soldiers had died for⑲.[4]Now it was up to⑳ the living㉑to remove not only the divisions㉒between North and South，but the boundaries between black and white，and work step by step towards the equality㉓ of humankind. [3]本句是主从复合句。其中“what the...should be”为what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语，what在从句中作表语；“based on...before”为过去分词短语，在句中作状语；“set down by...before”为过去分词短语，在句中作后置定语，修饰the ideals。 [4]本句中it为形式主语，不定式短语“to remove...humankind”为真正的主语；“not only...South，but...white”为“not only...but (also)...”连接的并列成分，作remove的宾语。 Four score㉔ and seven years ago our fathers brought forth㉕，upon this continent，a new nation，[5]conceived㉖ in Liberty㉗，and dedicated㉘ to the proposition㉙ that all men are created equal． [5]“conceived in Liberty”为过去分词短语，“dedicated to...equal”为形容词短语，二者并列作后置定语；“that all...equal”是that引导的同位语从句，作the proposition的同位语。 Now we are engaged in㉚a great civil war，[6]testing whether that nation，or any nation，so conceived，and so dedicated，can long endure㉛.We are met here on a great battlefield㉜ of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion㉝ of it as a final resting place for those [7]who here gave their lives that that nation might live．It is altogether㉞ fitting㉟ and proper that we should do this. [6]此处为v.-ing短语作伴随状语。其中“whether that...endure”为whether引导的宾语从句。 [7]此处是关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those；that that nation might live是so that引导的目的状语从句，so已省略，第二个that为指示代词。 But in a larger sense㊱，we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate㊲—we can not hallow㊳ this ground.The brave men，living and dead，who struggled here，have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract㊴.The world will little note，nor long remember，what we say here，but can never forget what they did here.[8]It is for us，the living，rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have，thus far㊵，so nobly㊶ carried on.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task [9]remaining before us— [10]that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure㊷ of devotion—that we here highly resolve㊸that these dead shall not have died in vain㊹；that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom；and that this government of the people，by the people，for the people，shall not perish㊺ from the earth． (“The Gettysburg Address” by Abraham Lincoln) [8]本句是“It is for sb to do sth”句型，意为“应该由某人做某事”。“which they...on”是which引导的限制性定语从句，修饰the unfinished work。 [9]此处是v.-ing短语作后置定语，修饰先行词the great task。 [10]“that from...of devotion”“that we here...in vain”“that this nation...of freedom”和“that this government of...from the earth”都是由连接词that引导的同位语从句，均对the great task的内容进行解释。在第一个that引导的同位语从句中，“for which...of devotion”为“介词＋关系代词which”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词that cause；在第二个that引导的同位语从句中，“that these dead...in vain”为that引导的宾语从句，作resolve的宾语。 ①mount v.走上，登上，攀登 ②site n.[C]现场，发生地，场所 the site of the battle战场 ③in memory of...纪念…… ④address n.& vt.[熟词生义] 演说，演讲 address a meeting向大会致词/在会上发言 ⑤bitterly adv.极其，非常 ⑥divided adj.分裂的，有分歧的 a deeply divided society四分五裂的社会 ⑦civil war内战 civil adj.公民的，国民的 ⑧slave-owning adj.拥有奴隶的 ⑨confederate adj.(美国内战期间)南部联邦的；联盟的 confederation n.[C]联盟，联合体 ⑩union n.[C]同盟，联盟；联邦 Union n.[sing.]联邦，(尤指内战时期的)美利坚合众国 ⑪at a great cost付出巨大代价 ⑫suffering n.[U]痛苦，苦难 ⑬civilian adj.平民的；百姓的 n.[C]平民；老百姓 ⑭look to盼望，展望；期待；依赖，指望 look to sb for sth依赖/期待/指望某人提供某物 look to sb to do sth依赖/期待/指望某人做某事 ⑮vision n.[C]构想，设想，对未来的想法 ⑯ideal n.[C]理想，看似完美的思想(或标准) political ideals政治理想 ⑰set down制定，建立；记下 ⑱Founding Fathers(1787年参加制定美国宪法的)制宪元勋，建国元勋 ⑲die for...为……献身 ⑳be up to是……的职责(或责任)；由……决定 ㉑the living活着的人，属于“the＋形容词”结构。 ㉒division n.[U，C]分开，分割，分歧，分裂 ㉓equality n.[U]平等 ㉔score num.二十，二十左右 ㉕bring forth使产生，使出现 ㉖conceive vt.& vi.构想，设想；怀孕，怀胎 ㉗liberty n.[C，U]自由 at liberty to do sth有权做某事，有做某事的自由 ㉘dedicate v.致力于，献身于 dedicated adj.专心致志的，献身的 be dedicated to sth专心于/献身于某事物 ㉙proposition n.[C]主张，建议 ㉚be engaged in...忙于/从事…… ㉛endure v.持续存在；忍耐 ㉜battlefield n.[C]战场 ㉝portion n.[C]一份，一部分 a portion of...一部分…… ㉞altogether adv.(用以强调)完全，全部 ㉟fitting adj.恰当的，适合的 ㊱in a larger sense从更广泛的意义上来说 ㊲consecrate v.宣布……为神圣之处 ㊳hallow v.使成为神圣 ㊴detract v.减低，破坏，损害 ㊵thus far(＝so far)到目前为止，迄今为止 ㊶nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地 noble adj.品质高尚的，崇高的；高贵的 ㊷full measure足量 ㊸resolve vt.& vi.决心，决定 resolve to do sth决定做某事 ㊹in vain徒劳，无结果；白白地 ㊺perish v.毁灭，死亡 一场改变国家命运的演讲 1863年11月19日，在灰暗沉闷的午后，一个体型瘦高的男子登上宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡田野里的一个讲台，发表演讲。不久前，这个地方曾爆发了一场战斗，成千上万的士兵丧生于此。这个人就是亚伯拉罕·林肯，时任美国总统，他前去那里纪念牺牲的士兵。他的这次演讲只有短短268个英文单词，仅持续了两分钟，却彻底改变了人民的想法，对重塑美国起到了重大作用。 当时的美国正处于严重的分裂状态。在两年的时间里，美国人民深陷于南北双方——拥有奴隶的南方邦联州和北方自由州的激烈内战当中。其中，最惨烈的一场战斗于1863年在葛底斯堡爆发，持续了整整三天。邦联州赢得了这次战争，却也付出了惨重代价。超过5万名士兵被杀或受伤，人民失去了希望和目标。不禁疑惑为何经历这样的痛苦呢？ 林肯了解平民百姓的感受。他引用87年前诸位开国元勋奠定的国家理想，用这场演讲给了人们希望、信念和展望未来的理由，展示了美利坚合众国的全新面貌。士兵们的牺牲就是为了换取这个美好的愿景。现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人与白人之间的界限，一步步地朝着实现人类平等而努力。 87年前，我们的先辈们在这块大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，致力于人人生而平等的原则。 现在我们正深陷于一场大规模的内战之中，它考验着我们的国家，或者任何一个主张自由平等的国家，是否能够长久存在。我们在这场战争的大战场上集会，把战场的一角献给为国家生存而牺牲的烈士，作为他们永久的安息之地。这完全是我们义不容辞、理所应当要做的事。 但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，我们不能把这一角战场献作圣地，封为圣地，变成圣地。因为在这里战斗过的勇士们，无论是活着的或是死去的，已经使这一角战场神圣化了，我们微薄的力量远远不能为它增光，或者使它减色。世人不会注意、也不会长久记住我们在这里说的话，但是永远不会忘记勇士们在这里的英勇事迹。因此，活着的人们更应献身于他们为之战斗并且使之前进的未竟事业。我们更应该献身于面前的伟大任务，更应该不断向这些光荣牺牲的烈士学习为事业鞠躬尽瘁、死而后已的献身精神，更应该在这里下决心，一定不要让这些烈士白白牺牲。这个国家一定要得到自由的新生，这个民有、民治、民享的政府将永世长存。 (《葛底斯堡演说》，亚伯拉罕·林肯) [对应学生用书P89] Ⅰ.重点词汇 核心单词 1．mount v.走上，登上 2．civil adj.公民的，国民的 3．civilian adj.平民的；百姓的 4．liberty n.自由 5．altogether adv.完全 拓展单词 6．division n.分歧，分裂→divide vt.分歧；分配 7．nobly adv.高尚地，崇高地→noble adj.品质高尚的，崇高的 8．influential adj.有影响力的→influence n.& v.影响 9．communist adj.共产主义的 n.共产主义者→communism n.共产主义 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．in memory of纪念；追念 2．at a great cost 付出巨大代价 3．suffer for 为……而受苦 4．look to展望；指望 5．die for为……而献身 6．bring forth 使产生，使出现 7．dedicate to 献身；把(时间、精力等)用于 8．engage in 从事于；忙于 9．in a larger sense从更广泛的意义上来说，从更大的角度 10．in vain徒劳，无结果，白白地 Ⅲ.重点句式 1．It is/was up to sb to do sth “做某事是某人的责任；做某事取决于某人” Now it was up to the living to remove(活着的人要消除) not only the divisions between North and South，but the boundaries between black and white，and work step by step towards the equality of humankind. 2．v.-ing短语作伴随状语 Now we are engaged in a great civil war，testing whether that nation，or any nation，so conceived，and so dedicated，can long endure(考验着我们的国家，或者任何一个主张自由平等的国家，是否能够长久存在). [对应学生用书P90] Read the passage carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What's the main idea of the text? A．The introduction to the social situation in the United States at that time. B．The introduction to the American Civil War. C．The introduction to Lincoln. D．Lincoln's speech and its influence. 2．In which year was the United States founded? A．In 1863. B．In 1776. C．In 1676. D．In 1763. 3．Which one is NOT the influence of American Civil War? A．It brought about lasting peace. B．It caused great suffering to the people. C．Over 50，000 soldiers were killed or wounded. D．People at that time lost hope and purpose. 4．What does “this” in the last sentence of the fifth paragraph refer to? A．To remember the brave soldiers. B．To take care of the relatives of the dead. C．To continue to fight until it was successful at last. D．To dedicate a portion of the battlefield as a final resting place for the dead. 答案　1～4　DBAD [核心词汇·练透] [对应学生用书P90] in memory of 纪念；追念 in praise of　赞美，歌颂 in honour of　纪念；向……表示敬意 in search of　寻找 in charge of　负责；掌管 in face of...　面临…… in need of　需要 in place of　取代，代替 in support of　支持 (教材原句)The man was Abraham Lincoln，President of the United States of America，and he was there in memory of the soldiers who had died. 这个人是美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯，他来到这里悼念已逝的战士。 [练通]——用“in＋n.＋of”型短语填空 (1)Now a great many college graduates go to the big cities in search of a better life. (2)I've learned that the English Association of our school is now in need of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school. (3)We celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth month by the lunar calendar in memory of/in honour of Qu Yuan. (4)Since you are in charge of the project，you are supposed to carry it out as it has been planned. bring forth使产生，使出现 bring up　抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐 bring about　使(某事)发生；导致 bring back　使回想起；使……恢复 bring down　降低；打倒 bring in　引入，引进；赚得 bring out　使显现；阐明；出版 (教材原句) Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth，upon this continent，a new nation，conceived in Liberty，and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. 87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创立了一个新的国家，它孕育于自由之中，致力于人人生而平等的理想。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of essential goods and services in order to ease the financial burden on the citizens. (2)On (the) one hand，computers improve the working efficiency；on the other hand，they also bring about some new problems. (3)Although he was born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the sense of sharing. (4)通过看到别人的优点，你将间接地展现出一个最好的自己。 By looking for the best in others，you will indirectly bring out the best in yourself.(续写佳句之主旨升华) be engaged in从事；忙于[→engage vt.& vi.(使)参与；(使)参加→engagement n.订婚；约定] engage sb in sth　使某人参与某事 engage in　参加；参与 engage oneself in　投身于；从事于 (教材原句)Now we are engaged in a great civil war，testing whether that nation，or any nation，so conceived，and so dedicated，can long endure. 当下我们正深陷于一场大规模的内战之中，它考验着这个国家，或者任何一个生于自由、对上述理想深信不疑的国家，能否长久生存下去。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 一句多译 (1)We should improve our ability to engage in international communication so as to tell China's stories well and make the voice of China heard. (2)Whether for a special occasion such as an engagement (engage) or a wedding or simply as a gift，diamond rings make the ideal choice. (3)一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。 ①A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those who are not. ②A study shows the students who engage themselves in after-school activities are happier than those who are not. 　表示“忙于做某事”的短语还有： (1)be busy with sth/(in) doing sth； (2)be employed with sth/in doing sth； (3)be occupied with sth/in doing sth influential adj.有影响力的(→influence vt.影响；对……起作用 n.影响；影响力) have an influence on/upon　对……有影响 under the influence of　受……的影响 influence sb to do sth　影响某人做某事 (教材原句) Edgar Snow was an American journalist who wrote influential books and articles about China in the 1930s. 埃德加·斯诺是一位美国记者，他在20世纪30年代撰写了有关中国的有影响力的书籍和文章。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)Chaplin was not just a genius；he was among the most influential (influence) figures in film history. (2)My physics teacher is my role model，who has influenced me to take(take) up the position as a teacher. (3)我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他对我影响很大。在他的影响下，我不仅致力于学习，还热衷于参加更多的志愿者活动。 The person I respect most is my head teacher，who influences me greatly/has a great influence on/upon me．Under the influence of him，not only do I dedicate myself to learning but I also have been keen to take part in more volunteer activities.(应用文写作之人物描写) [重点句型·通关] [对应学生用书P92] It is/was up to sb to do sth 意为“做某事是某人的责任；做某事取决于某人” (1)up to多达，达到；到……为止；忙于；胜任 (2)It's up to sb＋whether...是否……由某人决定。 It's up to you.(交际用语)由你决定。 (教材原句)Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South，but the boundaries between black and white，and work step by step towards the equality of humankind. 现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人与白人之间的界限，一步步地朝着实现人类平等而努力。 [练通]——写出下列句中up to的含义/ 完成句子 (1)It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately，analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.(2025·全国一卷)胜任 (2)What are you up to recently，Bob？I have not seen you for ages.忙于 (3)Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train's equipment allows for basic checkups.(2024·全国甲卷)多达 (4)生活只给我们时间和空间，如何去填充它由我们决定。 Life just gives us time and space，and it's up to us how to fill it．(读后续写之主旨升华) [对应学生用书P92] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．on a grey afternoon在一个灰暗沉闷的午后 2．mount a platform登上讲台 3．change the mind of sb改变某人的想法 4．civil war内战 5．look to the future展望未来 6．remove the divisions and boundaries between...and...消除……和……之间的分歧和界限 7．step by step 一步一步地 8．give one's life献出某人自己的生命 9．carry on继续做；坚持干 10．perish from the earth从地球上消失 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．He now occupies an influential (有影响力的) position in the government.He constantly occupies himself with various projects. 2．When we mount (登上) the Longevity Hill，we can see all pleasant scenery at one. 3．明天周末，由你来决定我们去哪儿吃饭。 Tomorrow is weekend.It is up to you to decide where we eat. 4．他们修建了一座纪念碑来纪念这位伟大的科学家。 They have raised a monument in memory of the great scientist. 5．该项目旨在鼓励学生参与改变社会。 The program aims to encourage students to engage themselves in making a difference in society. [对应学生用书P93] 心境描写——悲伤之情 Ⅰ.常用词汇 课文词汇 1．in memory of为了纪念…… 2．be deep in a civil war深陷内战中 3．at a great cost付出巨大代价 4．be dedicated to...致力于，献身于…… 5．in a large sense在很大程度上 6．in vain白白地，徒劳，无结果，白费力气 补充词汇 7．with a heavy/sinking heart心情沉重 8．a flush of sorrow floods over sb一阵悲伤涌上心头 9．drag one's feet拖着脚步 10．hope fades/dies希望破灭 Ⅱ.常用句型 课本原句 1．At that time，America was bitterly divided. 在那时，美国分崩离析。 2．What was all this suffering for? 遭受这些苦难究竟是为了什么？ 3．Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South，but the boundaries between black and white，and work step by step towards the equality of humankind. 现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人与白人之间的界限，一步一步朝着实现人类平等而努力。 其他表达 4．I lost my job and it was like my world collapsed./I lost my job and it seemed as if my world was at an end. 我丢了工作，就好像我的世界崩塌了一样。 5．With a heavy heart，she dragged her feet following her parents. 她怀着沉重的心情，拖着脚步跟在父母后面。 Ⅲ.写作微练 1．为了纪念为和平而逝去的英雄们，我们每年都会举行不同的活动来体现我们对英雄们的尊敬以及表达我们的悲伤之情。 In memory of the heroes who died for peace，we hold different activities every year to show our respect for the heroes and express our sorrow. 2．上周五，玛丽没有通过销售经理一职的面试，她觉得自己所有的希望都破灭了。 Last Friday，Mary didn't pass the interview for the sale manager position，feeling all her hope faded. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $