UNIT 4 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（外研版）

本讲义以“与无国界医生奋战一百天”的真实经历为核心阅读文本，系统梳理核心词汇（如vital, infectious, devotion）、重点语法结构（如“It is＋一段时间＋since...”、感官动词+宾语+宾补）及阅读理解策略，构建“文本输入-词汇语法内化-练习输出”的学习支架，衔接阅读技能与语言知识应用。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过国际医疗团队合作案例渗透人类命运共同体理念，借助病例救治实例提升分析问题的思维品质。课中助力教师整合语言教学与价值观引导，课后通过词汇拓展、句型练习及写作微练，帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，提升综合语言运用能力。

[对应学生用书P74] Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应学生用书P74] MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF 22 March 2015 Today we celebrate.[1]It's exactly one month since the last reported case①. But [2] it is vital② not to take any chances③.So，[3]20 health care workers from almost as many countries，comrades④ in arms，raise virtual⑤ glasses to each other. [1]本句为“It is＋一段时间＋since...”结构，意为“自从……已有……时间了”。 [2]此处it作形式主语，真正的主语是“not to...chances”。 [3]本句中的as many countries可看作“as many countries as 20...”的省略形式。 I arrived in Liberia with MSF almost three months ago.When I saw the tragic scenes⑥ on the news，I felt it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help.I knew I was putting my life at risk⑦，but I thought，“ If I don't do it，who will？” It is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries⑧.There are no borders for doctors，for patients or for anyone else [4]involved in combating⑨ this terrible disease． [4]此处是形容词短语在句中作后置定语，修饰anyone else。 My mission was to relieve⑩ Emma，a Canadian specialist in infectious⑪ diseases at the end of her posting⑫.[5] Emma spent an hour with me in the staff room⑬ talking me through⑭ the daily routine⑮.As she talked，I could [6]hear at least three different languages being spoken at the tables around us．Later，Emma introduced me to some of the others working for or alongside⑯ MSF：Wilton，a young local man，who helped carry the very sick⑰ into the treatment clinic⑱ and who disinfected⑲ clothing and surfaces；Maisy，a retired⑳ public health official from Darwin，Australia，whose local team of volunteers educated people on㉑preventing infection；Alfonso，a soft-spoken㉒ Argentinian doctor in his 50s㉓，who had previously㉔ worked on㉕ Ebola outbreaks㉖ in Sierra Leone and Guinea.The list went on.I found that I was the only Chinese doctor among people of all ages，colours and beliefs㉗，from every continent except Antarctica.With each person I met，I felt a growing sense of pride㉘ as part of this extraordinary team，whose devotion㉙ to the cause㉚ shone from their eyes. [5]本句中的“spend some time (in) doing sth”意为“花时间做某事”。 [6]此处是“hear＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾补由v.-ing的被动形式充当。 In the few weeks since then，I have come to know㉛ these people very well.We have worked together，surrounded by㉜ blood，vomit㉝ and death.But，although the death rate㉞ is very high，we will never give up on㉟ a patient，and our efforts [7]do sometimes end in miracles㊱. [7]此处的do用于强调谓语动词，意为“确实，的确”。 Just after my arrival，a family of six were brought here in the back of a van㊲.All of them were infected.The twin girls and their parents soon died.We knew there was little hope for the brothers，but we did everything [8]we could to save them．When we visited the ward㊳ the next morning，we were amazed [9]to see that against all odds㊴，both boys were still alive．Pascal and Daniel have since made a full recovery㊵.This small but unexpected success compensated㊶ for many other less fortunate cases. [8]此处的we could是省略了关系代词that和谓语动词do的限制性定语从句，修饰every thing；“to save them”是不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。 [9]此处为不定式短语作原因状语；see后接that引导的宾语从句。 To be caught up in㊷ such a crisis㊸ creates powerful bonds between people㊹，[10]not only between carers and patients，but also between all those who have come from different parts of the world and joined together in a common cause．It is so inspiring㊺ to have colleagues like Wilton，Maisy and Alfonso，not to mention㊻ all the others I have worked with. [10]此处是“not only...but also...”结构，对between people作进一步的说明；“who...cause”是关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，who在从句中作主语。 Now my time is almost up㊼.In a few days，someone else will arrive to step into my shoes㊽，and the tireless㊾ work that the MSF members do in more than 70 countries and regions around the world will go on.In a world still facing so many problems，[11]it is absolutely essential㊿ for us all to collaborate B51 to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity. [11]it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式；不定式短语“to create...prosperity”作目的状语；介词短语“with...prosperity”作后置定语，修饰a global community。 ①case n.[熟词生义][C]病例，病案，病人，伤员 a severe case of COVID-19新冠感染重症病例 ②vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的 ③take any chances 心存侥幸，冒险 ④comrade n.同志；朋友 ⑤virtual adj.模拟的，虚拟的；很接近的，实质上的 virtual glasses虚拟的玻璃杯 ⑥scene n.[C]情景，场面，场景 tragic scenes悲惨场景 ⑦put one's life at risk置某人的生命于危险中 ⑧respect national boundaries不跨越国界线(在此为拟人用法) ⑨combat v.防止，抑制 n.[U]战斗，[C]格斗 combat crime/disease抑制犯罪/疾病 ⑩relieve v.[熟词生义] 接替；给(某人)换班 ⑪infectious adj.传染性的，感染的(尤指通过呼吸) ⑫posting n.[C]派驻，派任；帖子，消息 ⑬the staff room 办公室，员工休息室 ⑭talk sb through sth向某人详细解释某事，使某人理解某事 ⑮routine n.[C，U]常规，惯例，例行 daily routine日常事务/生活 ⑯alongside prep.与……一起，与……同时 ⑰the very sick(重症病人)属于“the＋adj.”结构，该结构可表示一类人。 ⑱clinic n.诊所；门诊部 the treatment clinic门诊治疗部 ⑲disinfect v.为……消毒，给……杀菌 ⑳retired adj.已退休的，已退职的 ㉑educate sb on doing sth在做某事方面教育某人 ㉒soft-spoken adj.低声细气的 ㉓in one's 50s(在某人50多岁的时候)属于“in one's＋几十的复数形式”结构，该结构表示“在某人几十多岁时”。 ㉔previously adv.先前，之前 previous adj.先前的，以往的 ㉕work on从事……，致力于…… ㉖outbreak n.[C]爆发，突然发生 ㉗belief n.[C]信仰 ㉘a sense of pride自豪感 ㉙devotion n.[U]奉献，忠诚，专心，热心 devotion to...对……的奉献/投入/忠诚(to为介词) ㉚cause n.[熟词生义][C]事业，理想，目标 ㉛come to know渐渐了解/认识 ㉜be surrounded by...被……环绕/包围 ㉝vomit n.[U]呕吐物 ㉞death rate死亡率 ㉟give up on...放弃…… ㊱miracle n.意外的幸运事；奇迹 end in miracles以奇迹告终 ㊲van n.小型货车 ㊳ward n.病房 ㊴against all odds尽管凶多吉少，尽管困难重重 odds n.[pl.]逆境，不利条件；可能性，几率 ㊵make a full recovery完全康复 ㊶compensate v.弥补，补偿 compensate for...弥补…… ㊷be caught up in...被困在……中；被卷入…… ㊸crisis n.[C，U]危难时刻，危机，危急关头 ㊹create bonds between people在人们之间建立纽带 ㊺inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的，启发灵感的 ㊻not to mention更不用说 ㊼one's time is almost up某人的时间快结束了 ㊽step into one's shoes接替某人(的职责或工作) ㊾tireless adj.不知疲倦的，不觉疲劳的 ㊿essential adj.完全必要的，必不可少的，极其重要的 collaborate v.合作，协作 prosperity n.[U]繁荣 与无国界医生奋战一百天 2015年3月22日 今天是个值得庆祝的日子。距离上次报告的病例已经过去整整一个月了。但重要的是我们不能心存侥幸，因此我们这些来自将近20个国家的20名医护人员兼战友高举虚拟的玻璃酒杯，相互致意。 大约三个月前，我跟随无国界医生组织来到利比里亚。看到新闻里的悲惨场景时，我深感作为一名医生，我有责任去提供帮助。我知道这是在拿自己的生命去冒险，可转念一想：“如果我不做，谁会做呢？”我们要明白埃博拉病毒的传播不分国界，医生、病人以及参与抗击这一可怕疾病的任何人需要共同面对。 我的任务是接替任期结束的加拿大传染病专家埃玛。她花了一个小时在办公室向我交代日常事务。她说话的时候，我听到周围几张桌子旁传来至少三种不同语言的说话声。后来，埃玛向我介绍了为无国界医生组织工作或与该组织并肩作战的人们：威尔顿，一个年轻的当地男子，他负责帮忙送重症病人到门诊治疗部，并为他们的衣服和身体表面消毒；梅斯，来自澳大利亚达尔文市的一位退休公共卫生官员，他带领当地的志愿者团队对人们进行预防感染的教育；阿方索，一位50多岁、说话温柔的阿根廷医生，他曾在塞拉利昂和几内亚应对过埃博拉病毒暴发。名单仍在继续。我这才发现，他们是来自除南极洲外不同年龄、肤色、信仰的世界各地的人们，而我是其中唯一一名中国医生。和遇到的每个人一起工作，作为这个非凡团队的一员，我感到非常自豪，他们眼中闪烁着对这项事业的热爱。 接下来的几个星期里，我开始深入了解这些同伴。我们并肩战斗，一起面对血液、呕吐物和死亡。但是，尽管死亡率很高，我们从不放弃一位病人，我们的努力有时的确会产生奇迹。 我刚来不久，一家六口人被一辆小货车送到了这里。他们已经全部感染。双胞胎女孩和她们的父母很快就去世了。我们对两兄弟也没有抱什么希望，但还是尽最大努力去救治他们。第二天早上，当我们去查看病房时，我们惊奇地发现，尽管困难重重，但两个男孩都还活着。现在，帕斯卡和丹尼尔已经完全康复。这个出乎意料的成功虽然微乎其微，但也弥补了许多其他的不幸。 患难与共的经历在人们之间建立了紧密的纽带，不仅是护理人员和病人之间，还有所有来自世界各地、为共同的事业团结一致的人之间。有威尔顿、梅西和阿方索这样的同事真令人鼓舞，更不用说再加上所有和我们一起共事的人了。 现在我的任期快到了。几天后，会有其他人来接替我。无国界医生组织的各位成员在世界70多个国家和地区的不懈努力会一直延续下去。在一个仍然面临许多问题的世界上，共同创造一个具有和平与繁荣的未来的全球共同体对我们大家都是很有必要的。 [对应学生用书P77] Ⅰ.重点词汇 核心单词 1．boundary n.分界线；边界 2．statistic n. (一项)统计数据 3．tackle v.处理，对付(难题) 4．vital adj.极其重要的 5．clinic n.诊所；门诊部 6．disinfect v.为……消毒，给……杀菌 7．outbreak n.爆发，突然发生 8．miracle n.意外的幸运事；奇迹 9．twin adj.双胞胎的 10．mankind n.人类 拓展单词 11．assist v.协助，帮助→assistance n.帮助，援助→assistant n.助手 12．specialist n.专家→special adj.特殊的；专门的→specialize vi.专攻；专门从事；专注于 13．infectious adj.传染性的→infect vt.传染；感染→infection n.传染；传染病；感染 14．devotion n.奉献→devote v.献身；致力于→devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．take any chances心存侥幸；冒险 2．put...at risk把……置于危险之中 3．give up on 对……表示放弃；对……不抱希望 4．against all odds尽管凶多吉少，尽管极其困难 5．step into one's shoes接替某人(的职责或工作) Ⅲ.重点句式 1．It has been/is＋一段时间＋since... It's exactly one month since(自从……已经整整一个月了) the last reported case. 2．不定式作表语 My mission was to relieve(接替)Emma，a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting. 3．感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 As she talked，I could hear at least three different languages being spoken(听到至少三种不同的语言的说话声) at the tables around us. 4．do everything sb could/can to do sth We knew there was little hope for the brothers，but we did everything we could to save them(我们竭尽所能去救治他们). [对应学生用书P78] Ⅰ.What's the main idea of the passage? A．The mission of MSF. B．Working together with MSF. C．The dangers of medical work on Ebola outbreaks. D．The tragic scenes of Ebola outbreaks in many countries. 答案　B Ⅱ.Read the passage and fill in the blanks. Read the passage carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．Why did so many doctors get together in Liberia? A．Because there was an important international conference in Liberia. B．Because they wanted to take chances to work in Liberia. C．Because there was a terrible disease in Liberia. D．Because there are no borders for doctors，or for patients. 2．What do we know about the author according to paragraph 2? A．The author has travelled to many countries. B．The author is an experienced doctor. C．The author is good at treating Ebola. D．The author is a devoted doctor. 3．What does the author intend to do by mentioning the example in paragraph 5? A．To show the value for his work. B．To show the dangers of his work. C．To illustrate the scene of his work. D．To tell of an exciting story. 4．What is the author's purpose in writing this text? A．To remember an unforgettable case. B．To introduce the work of MSF. C.To show the horror of the disease. D．To share his experience with MSF. 答案　1～4　CDAD 1．When I saw the tragic scenes on the news，I felt it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help. [句式分析] 本句为复合句。When引导时间状语从句；“it was my duty...my help”是省略了that的宾语从句，在这个从句中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语“to go...my help”。 [翻译]　看到新闻里的悲惨场景时，我感觉作为一名医生，我有责任去提供帮助。 2．In a few days，someone else will arrive to step into my shoes，and the tireless work that the MSF members do in more than 70 countries and regions around the world will go on. [句式分析] 本句是and连接的并列句。前一个分句中to step into my shoes是不定式短语作目的状语；后一个分句中that引导定语从句。 [翻译]　几天后，会有其他人来接替我。无国界医生组织的各位成员在世界上70多个国家和地区的不懈努力将会一直延续下去。 [核心词汇·练透] [对应学生用书P79] assist v.协助，帮助(→assistance n.帮助，援助；协助→assistant n.助手) (1)assist sb to do sth＝assist sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 assist sb in/with sth 帮助某人某事 (2)come to one's assistance 援助某人 with the assistance/help of 在……的帮助下 (教材原句) It assists people based on need，regardless of which country they are from. 它根据需要帮助人们，不管他们来自哪个国家。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)Similarly，anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles—a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations，for instance.(2025·浙江卷1月) (2)“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru，who is lead author of the study and assistant (assist)professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) (3)那位老太太注意到我不知所措，便主动提出帮我把食物分发给无家可归的人。在她的帮助下，我知道了如何更有效地完成我的任务，我感激地看了她一眼。 Sensing I was at a loss，the elderly lady offered to assist me to hand/in handing out foods to the homeless．With the assistance of her，I knew how to perform my task more efficiently and I cast a grateful glance at her.(续写佳句之细节描写) vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的 be vital to/for... 对……极其重要 It is vital to do sth 做某事很重要 It is vital that...(should) ＋动词原形……极为重要 (教材原句) But it is vital not to take any chances. 但重要的是不要冒险。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)Interest is as vital to/for learning as the ability to understand，even more so. (2)Before we travel abroad，it is vital to learn (learn) about the local culture and customs. (3)如果我们想要在生活中发挥作用，重要的是我们应该从小事开始。 If we are to make a difference in life，it's vital that we should begin with small things．(续写佳句之主旨升华) put...at risk使……处境危险；使……遭受危险(→risk vt.使……冒风险；冒险做 n.危险，风险→risky adj.有危险的，有风险的) (1)risk one's life to do sth　冒着生命危险做某事 risk doing sth　冒险做某事 (2)run/take the risk of...　冒……的风险 at the risk of doing sth　冒着做某事的风险 (教材原句) I knew I was putting my life at risk，but I thought，“If I don't do it，who will？” 我知道这样做是在冒生命危险，但是我想：“假如我不去做，又有谁会去呢？” [练通]——单句语法填空/ 补全句子/ 完成句子 (1)She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence，or risk being sidelined(sideline) and perhaps even worse.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) (2)My parents were relieved that I was unhurt，but they were angry that I had done such a risky (risk) thing. (3)If you tell him the truth，you take/run the risk of hurting his feelings(冒伤害他感情的风险). (4)对于那些冒着生命危险保护我们安全的人，我们要永远心存感激。 We are forever grateful to all those who put themselves at risk to keep us safe．(续写佳句之主旨升华) relieve v.给(某人)换班，接替；解除；减轻(问题的严重性)，缓和(不快或痛苦)；调剂(→relief n.减轻，缓解；宽慰，轻松→relieved adj.感到宽慰的，放心的) (1)relieve sb of...解除某人的(负担、职务等)，将某人从……中解脱出来 (2)to one's relief＝to the relief of sb 令某人感到欣慰的是 with/in relief如释重负；松了口气 (教材原句) My mission was to relieve Emma，a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting. 我的任务是接替埃玛，她是一位加拿大传染病专家，任期届满。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 补全句子/ 完成句子 (1)Thank goodness! We succeeded in climbing onto the helicopter，gasping with/in relief. (2)Quality counts less than attitude and effort—even a stupid joke can relieve others of risk and embarrassment. (3)To their relief (令他们欣慰的是)，with the guidance of father，they successfully made the breakfast. (4)听到玛丽被找到时安然无恙，真是如释重负。 It was such a relief to hear that Mary was found safe and sound.(形式主语)(续写佳句之情绪描写) [重点句型·通关] [对应学生用书P81] It has been/is＋一段时间＋since... 在“It has been/is＋一段时间＋since...”结构中，since从句的谓语动词常用一般过去时。在“It was＋一段时间＋since...”结构中，since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。 (1)It was/will be＋一段时间＋before...过了一段时间才……/要过多久才…… (2)It is/was＋时间点＋when...……发生在某个时间 (3)It＋be＋时间点状语＋that...……是在……时做的某事(强调句型) (教材原句)It's exactly one month since the last reported case. 距离上次报告的病例已经过去整整一个月了。 [练通]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 (1)As it has been many years since I last used one，I should hardly be surprised that there are no longer any public telephones near my house.(2024·浙江卷1月) (2)It was already midnight when my father returned home from his office last night. (3)It was at midnight that we arrived at the airport because of the heavy fog. (4)自从你来我校参加这次交流活动已经有两周了，这次活动使我们双方都受益颇丰。 It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program，which has benefited all of us.(应用文佳句之活动介绍) 　如果since引导的从句中的动词是非延续性动词，意为“自从……多久了”；如果since引导的从句中的动词为延续性动词，意为“自从该动作结束已有多久了”，即动作发生时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起。 [对应学生用书P81] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．medical care医疗护理 2．health care医疗保健 3．a top priority当务之急；需要优先考虑的事；头等大事 4．tackle problems解决问题 5．tragic scenes 悲惨情景 6．talk sb through sth向某人详细解释某事；使某人理解某事 7．daily routine日常事务 8．a growing sense of pride 越来越强烈的自豪感 9．the death rate 死亡率 10．be/get caught up in sth 陷入；被卷入 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．It is of vital (极其重要的) importance that we do something to protect our precious cultural heritage. 2．He asked us to assist(帮助) him in carrying out their plan，but we didn't have time. 3．(2024·浙江台州高二联考)The professor is highly respected in the university because of his devotion(奉献) to his teaching career. 4．当妈妈走进屋里的时候，她听见了键盘正在被敲击的声音。 When mother came into the room，she heard the keyboard being tapped． 5．玛丽离家已经好几个星期了，警方仍在寻找她。 It is/has been weeks since Mary left home and the police are still searching for her. [对应学生用书P82] 责任感和奉献精神 Ⅰ.常用词汇 课文词汇 1．take chances把握机会；冒险碰运气 2．put...at risk使……处于危险之中 3．a soft-spoken doctor一位说话很温柔的医生 4．a growing sense of pride与日俱增的自豪感 5．against all odds排除万难，历经千险 6．step into one's shoes接替某人 7．create powerful bonds between people 在人与人之间建立紧密的联结/纽带 补充词汇 8．devote oneself to (doing) sth致力于(做)某事 9．a man with a strong sense of responsibility一个有着强烈责任感的人 10．a man able to work under high pressure and time limitation能够在高压和时间限制下工作的人 Ⅱ.常用句型 课本原句 1．When I saw the tragic scenes on the news，I felt it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help. 当我从新闻上看到一幅幅凄惨的画面时，我觉得作为医生我有责任到那里去帮忙。 2．There are no borders for doctors，for patients or for anyone else involved in combating this terrible disease. 医生、病人或者任何被迫与这种可怕的疾病抗衡的人都是不分国界的。 3．But，although the death rate is very high，we will never give up on a patient，and our efforts do sometimes end in miracles. 不过，虽然死亡率极高，但是我们永远不会放弃任何一个患者，何况我们的努力有时真的会产生奇迹。 4．We knew there was little hope for the brothers，but we did everything we could to save them. 我们知道，剩下的兄弟俩也希望渺茫，但是我们竭尽所能去救治他们。 5．This small but unexpected success compensated for many other less fortunate cases. 这次小小的却出乎意料的成功相对其他没有那么幸运的病例来说，是一种弥补。 其他表达 6．The officers died faithful to their motherland and to the honour of soldiers. 这些军官至死都忠于祖国，坚守了军人气节。 7．He is a man with stable personality and high sense of responsibility. 他是一个个性稳重、具有高度责任感的人。 Ⅲ.写作微练 1．面对如此悲惨的情景，我决定抓住一切机会尽我所能地去拯救病人，尽管我知道这样会使我的生命处于危险之中。 Confronted with such a tragic scene，I decided to take any chances to do everything I could to save the patients though I knew I would put my life at risk. 2．作为一个外交官，他排除万难，致力于让中国声音被更多的国家听到。 As a diplomat，he devoted himself to making the Chinese voice heard by more countries against all odds. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $