专题01 定语从句复习（寒假复习讲义）高一英语外研版

专题01 定语从句 知 识 精 讲 考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句 1．关系代词及其用法 关系代词 用法 who 用于指人，在从句中作主语 或宾语 whom 用于指人，在从句中作宾语，可用who代替；若从句中的介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom 直接跟在介词后作宾语，不可用who代替 which 用于指物，在从句中作主语 或宾语 that 既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who, whom互换，指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语 、宾语 或表语 whose 表示所属关系，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语 。 指物时相当于of which ；指人时相当于of whom as 引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，意为“正如；像 ” 2.关系代词的用法区别 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only, the very, the same, all 等修饰时 先行词是序数词 、形容词最高级 或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 先行词既有人 又有物 时 只用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词 时 关系代词as和which的用法区别　 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see, know, expect, say, mention, report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句 后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用关系代词填空 【Group 1】 1. The girl ______ won the first prize in the English speech contest is my deskmate. 2. The famous writer, ______ we often talk about in our literature class, will visit our school next week. 3. I know a boy ______ father is a scientist working in the space center. 4. This is the first gift ______ my best friend gave me on my birthday. 5. The novel, ______ was written by a 16-year-old student, has become a bestseller. 6. ______ is known to all, the earth moves around the sun. 7. Do you remember the teacher with ______ you discussed the math problem yesterday? 8. This is the factory ______ produces the new type of electric cars. 9. She lives in a house ______ windows face the sea. 10. He failed in the exam, ______ made his parents very disappointed. 【Group 2】 1. We met some foreign tourists in the park ______ came from Canada. 2. The manager ______ you want to see is having a meeting now. 3. I have a classmate ______ handwriting is the best in our class. 4. All ______ we need is more time to finish the project. 5. The film ______ we saw last night was very exciting. 6. ______ we expected, our team won the basketball match easily. 7. The girl ______ is talking with our headteacher is the monitor of our class. 8. I don’t like the book ______ cover is black. 9. The only thing ______ matters is to get the work done on time. 10. He passed the exam, ______ surprised all his classmates. 考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 用法 when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于“表时间的介词(in，at，on，during等)＋which” where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于“表地点的介词(in, at, on, under等)＋which” why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for ＋which” ※小贴士：当关系词指代的先行词为position, situation, occasion, activity, atmosphere, case, stage, point等时，且在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，把以上词看作抽象的地点状语，常用关系副词________引导。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用关系副词填空 【Group 1】 1. I will never forget the day ______ we visited the science museum together. 2. This is the small town ______ my grandparents have lived for 50 years. 3. Could you tell me the reason ______ you changed your study plan suddenly? 4. There are some moments ______ we need to make important decisions by ourselves. 5. Is there a library ______ we can borrow reference books for our report? 6. The main reason ______ he failed the English test is that he didn’t memorize new words. 7. She still remembers the year ______ her family moved to this city. 8. We finally found the café ______ our friend recommended last week. 9. Do you know the reason ______ our teacher asked us to write a diary every day? 10. The afternoon ______ we spent planting trees in the park was very meaningful. 【Group 2】 1. This is the school ______ I studied during my primary school years. 2. I can’t forget the moment ______ the teacher praised me in front of the whole class. 3. The reason ______ she was absent from the meeting was that she was ill. 4. They visited the village ______ many great writers once lived. 5. The month ______ we traveled to Yunnan was full of wonderful memories. 6. Do you know the reason ______ plants need sunlight and water to grow? 7. There is a special situation ______ we need to ask for help from our parents. 8. He will never forget the day ______ he received his first prize in a competition. 9. The letter ______ she mentioned her plan for the summer vacation is still kept in my drawer. 10. Could you explain the reason ______ you chose to join the English club? 考点三：“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句。其中关系代词只能用which 和whom ，且不能省略。 English is a useful tool with which we can communicate with people around the world。 英语是一门有用的工具，我们可以用它和世界各地的人交流。 2．“the＋名词＋of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。这类定语从句一般为非限制性定语从句，且该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属 关系。 The old temple, the roof of which (= whose roof) was damaged in the storm, will be repaired soon。 那座屋顶在暴风雨中受损的古庙，很快就会被修缮。 3．“表示全部或部分的词语＋of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示部分的词或结构有：不定代词 (all, both, none, some, most等)；数词 (基数词、序数词、百分数、分数、several等)；the＋形容词的比较级/最高级。 She bought a lot of clothes, few of which fit her well。 她买了很多衣服，其中没几件是合身的。 There are 50 students in our class, all of whom passed the English exam。 我们班有 50 名学生，所有人都通过了英语考试。 4．“介词＋which＋名词”结构引导的定语从句。 常见的类似结构： during which time 在此期间 at which time在这时 at which point在这一时刻 for which reason 由于这个原因 in which case 在这一情况下 考点四：特殊情况 1. 当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,且在定语从句中作主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;作状语时,要用in which 或that或不填任何关系词。 eg. The way in which/that he finished the task successfully was difficult to understand. The way which/that he explained to me was not difficult to understand. 2. 当先行词为time时，若表示“一段时间”,后面定语从句用when引导,也可用at/during which; 若表示“次数”,后面定语从句用that引导, that可以省略。 eg. There was a time when we had no TV sets. This is the second time that the President has visited our country. ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用“介词+关系代词”填空 【Group 1】 1. The girl ______ ______ I borrowed the storybook is my deskmate. 2. This is the house ______ ______ my father was born 50 years ago. 3. I still remember the days ______ ______ we traveled together in Sanya. 4. The student ______ ______ our teacher praised at the meeting won first prize. 5. The café ______ ______ we had afternoon tea yesterday is near the park. 6. The dictionary ______ ______ I paid 80 yuan is very useful for my English study. 7. She is the singer ______ ______ many teenagers are crazy. 8. The project ______ ______ they are working hard will be finished next month. 9. There is no one ______ ______ we can turn for help in this strange city. 10. He lost his new bike, ______ ______ he couldn’t go to school on time. 【Group 2】 1. This is the farm ________ ________ my parents worked ten years ago. 2. The boy ________ ________ I played basketball yesterday is my best friend. 3. I don’t know the reason ________ ________ he refused the invitation to the party. 4. This is the way ________ ________ she communicates with her foreign friends. 5. The book ________ ________ our teacher talked in class is written by a famous writer. 6. The girl ________ ________ my mother bought a dress is my cousin. 7. We visited the old factory, ________ ________ the surrounding area has been turned into a public park in recent years. 8. The decade, ________ ________ great changes took place in our hometown, left a deep impression on everyone. 9. The pen, ________ ________ the famous writer created many great works, is now kept in a museum. 10. The scientist, ________ ________ the country awarded a medal for his outstanding research, is respected by all people. 高考再现 用关系词填空 【Group 1】 1.（2023 全国甲卷）There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings. 2.（2018 天津卷）Kae, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 3.（2019 全国I卷）One afternoon ______ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 4.（2020 新高考I卷）The connection was lost, without ________ we couldn’t get any data from the satellite. 5.（2019 江苏卷改写・单项填空）He has three sons, two of ________ are doctors. 6.（2017 全国I卷）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health. 7.（2018 江苏卷）Self-driving is an area ______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 8.（真题改编）This is the reason ______ he was absent from school. 9.（2016 全国I卷改写）The professor with ________ we discussed the project is from Harvard. 10.（2019 浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark. 【Group 2】 11.（2020 全国 Ⅲ 卷）In ancient China lived an artist, ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 12.（2019 全国 Ⅲ 卷）They were well trained by their master ________ had great experience with caring for these animals. 13.（2013 全国II卷）The house _________ we live is very old. 14.（2021 天津卷）In the spring, a season ______ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world. 15.（2021 全国乙卷改写）There are 50 students in our class, most of ________ are from urban areas. 16.（2018 全国II卷）They also had a small pond which they raised fish. 17.（2009 陕西卷）Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time. 18.（2018 天津卷改写）The professor ________ we met yesterday will give us a lecture. 19.（2014 全国大纲卷改写）The period during _________ he worked in the factory was very important. 20.（2020 全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【Group 3】 21.（2022 全国甲卷）On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 22.（2015 福建卷改写）Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? 23.（2019 浙江卷改写）She bought many books, some of ________ are about history. 24.（2016 天津卷）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ______ the weather may be better. 25.（2020 新高考I卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ________ opened in 1759. 26.（2015 浙江卷）Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 27.（2010 全国I卷改写）He told me a story, about ________ I wrote a report. 28.（真题改编）This is the best film ________ I have ever seen. 29.（2017 天津卷改写）My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 30.（2016 全国II卷）We may have different opinions about that. 综合提升练 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词（定语从句关系词），使短文通顺连贯。 Many people dream of visiting the ancient city of Pingyao, 1. ______ lies in the center of Shanxi Province. It is a place 2. ______ people can experience the charm of traditional Chinese architecture. 3. ______ is known to us all, there lived an old craftsman 4. ______ skills in making paper-cuts are known far and wide. His studio, 5. ______ we visited last summer, is filled with delicate works of art. I still remember the day 6. ______ we first met him. He told us stories about his grandmother’s house 7. ______ which he spent most of his childhood. The reason 8. ______ he loves paper-cutting so much is that it carries the warm memories of his grandmother. He also introduced us to a young apprentice(学徒) 9. ______ he has taught for five years, and with 10. ______ he plans to set up a paper-cutting museum in the future. This is the most unforgettable trip that I have ever had, for it not only let me appreciate the beauty of folk art but also made me understand the spirit of inheritance(传承). 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 定语从句 知 识 精 讲 考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句 1．关系代词及其用法 关系代词 用法 who 用于指人，在从句中作主语或宾语 whom 用于指人，在从句中作宾语，可用who代替；若从句中的介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom直接跟在介词后作宾语，不可用who代替 which 用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语 that 既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who, whom互换，指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 whose 表示所属关系，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作定语。 指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom as 引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，意为“正如；像” 2.关系代词的用法区别 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only, the very, the same, all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时 关系代词as和which的用法区别　 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see, know, expect, say, mention, report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用关系代词填空 【Group 1】 1. The girl ______ won the first prize in the English speech contest is my deskmate. 答案：who/that 解析：先行词 the girl 指人，从句缺主语，用 who 引导，在从句中作主语。 2. The famous writer, ______ we often talk about in our literature class, will visit our school next week. 答案：whom/who 解析：先行词 the famous writer 指人，从句缺 about 的宾语，非限制性定语从句中用 whom。 3. I know a boy ______ father is a scientist working in the space center. 答案：whose 解析：先行词 a boy 指人，从句中 father 前缺定语（表所属关系），用 whose，意为 “…… 的”。 4. This is the first gift ______ my best friend gave me on my birthday. 答案：that 解析：先行词 gift 被序数词 first 修饰，定语从句缺宾语，只能用 that 引导。 5. The novel, ______ was written by a 16-year-old student, has become a bestseller. 答案：which 解析：先行词 the novel 指物，非限制性定语从句缺主语，用 which 引导，不能用 that。 6. ______ is known to all, the earth moves around the sun. 答案：As 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，“正如大家所知”，as 可置于句首，which 不可。 7. Do you remember the teacher with ______ you discussed the math problem yesterday? 答案：whom 解析：先行词 the teacher 指人，介词 with 后接宾语，用 whom 引导 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构。 8. This is the factory ______ produces the new type of electric cars. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 the factory 指物，从句缺主语，限制性定语从句中可用 that 或 which，此处按分配填 that。 9. She lives in a house ______ windows face the sea. 答案：whose 解析：先行词 a house 指物，从句中 windows 前缺定语，用 whose 表 “房子的”。 10. He failed in the exam, ______ made his parents very disappointed. 答案：which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容，在从句中作主语，用 which 引导。 【Group 2】 1. We met some foreign tourists in the park ______ came from Canada. 答案：who/that 解析：先行词 foreign tourists 指人，从句缺主语，用 who 引导，在从句中作主语。 2. The manager ______ you want to see is having a meeting now. 答案：whom/who/that 解析：先行词 the manager 指人，从句缺 see 的宾语，用 whom 引导，口语中也可用 who。 3. I have a classmate ______ handwriting is the best in our class. 答案：whose 解析：先行词 a classmate 指人，从句中 handwriting 前缺定语，用 whose 表 “同学的”。 4. All ______ we need is more time to finish the project. 答案：that 解析：先行词 all 为不定代词，定语从句缺宾语，只能用 that 引导，不能用 which。 5. The film ______ we saw last night was very exciting. 答案：which/that 解析：先行词 the film 指物，从句缺 saw 的宾语，限制性定语从句中可用 which 或 that，此处按分配填 which。 6. ______ we expected, our team won the basketball match easily. 答案：As 解析：非限制性定语从句，“正如我们预料的那样”，as 指代主句内容，可置于句首。 7. The girl ______ is talking with our headteacher is the monitor of our class. 答案：who/that 解析：先行词 the girl 指人，从句缺主语，用 who 引导，在从句中作主语。 8. I don’t like the book ______ cover is black. 答案：whose 解析：先行词 the book 指物，从句中 cover 前缺定语，用 whose 表 “书的”。 9. The only thing ______ matters is to get the work done on time. 答案：that 解析：先行词 the only thing 被 only 修饰，定语从句缺主语，只能用 that 引导。 10. He passed the exam, ______ surprised all his classmates. 答案：which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容，在从句中作主语，用 which 引导 考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 用法 when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于“表时间的介词(in，at，on，during等)＋which” where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于“表地点的介词(in, at, on, under等)＋which” why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for＋which” ※小贴士：当关系词指代的先行词为position, situation, occasion, activity, atmosphere, case, stage, point等时，且在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，把以上词看作抽象的地点状语，常用关系副词_________引导。 ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用关系副词填空 【Group 1】 1. I will never forget the day ______ we visited the science museum together. 答案：when 解析：先行词 the day 表时间，从句结构完整（主谓宾齐全），缺时间状语，用 when 引导，相当于 on which。 2. This is the small town ______ my grandparents have lived for 50 years. 答案：where 解析：先行词 the small town 表地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导，相当于 in which。 3. Could you tell me the reason ______ you changed your study plan suddenly? 答案：why 解析：先行词 the reason 表原因，从句缺原因状语，用 why 引导，相当于 for which。 4. There are some moments ______ we need to make important decisions by ourselves. 答案：when 解析：先行词 moments 表时间，从句缺时间状语，用 when 引导，指代 “那些时刻”。 5. Is there a library ______ we can borrow reference books for our report? 答案：where 解析：先行词 a library 表地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导，说明 “借书的地点”。 6. The main reason ______ he failed the English test is that he didn’t memorize new words. 答案：why 解析：先行词 the main reason 表原因，从句缺原因状语，用 why 引导，解释 “失败的原因”。 7. She still remembers the year ______ her family moved to this city. 答案：when 解析：先行词 the year 表时间，从句缺时间状语，用 when 引导，相当于 in which。 8. We finally found the café ______ our friend recommended last week.（干扰项提示） 答案：where（提示：若从句缺宾语则用 which/that，本题从句 “we can meet” 缺地点状语，故用 where） 解析：先行词 the café 表地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导，指代 “见面的咖啡馆”。 9. Do you know the reason ______ our teacher asked us to write a diary every day? 答案：why 解析：先行词 the reason 表原因，从句缺原因状语，用 why 引导，询问 “要求写日记的原因”。 10. The afternoon ______ we spent planting trees in the park was very meaningful.（干扰项提示） 答案：when（提示：若从句缺宾语则用 which/that，本题从句 “we planted trees” 缺时间状语，故用 when） 解析：先行词 the afternoon 表时间，从句缺时间状语，用 when 引导，说明 “种树的那个下午”。 【Group 2】 1. This is the school ______ I studied during my primary school years. 答案：where 解析：先行词 the school 表地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导，相当于 in which。 2. I can’t forget the moment ______ the teacher praised me in front of the whole class. 答案：when 解析：先行词 the moment 表时间，从句缺时间状语，用 when 引导，指代 “被表扬的瞬间”。 3. The reason ______ she was absent from the meeting was that she was ill. 答案：why 解析：先行词 the reason 表原因，从句缺原因状语，用 why 引导，相当于 for which。 4. They visited the village ______ many great writers once lived. 答案：where 解析：先行词 the village 表地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导，说明 “作家曾居住的村庄”。 5. The month ______ we traveled to Yunnan was full of wonderful memories. 答案：when 解析：先行词 the month 表时间，从句缺时间状语，用 when 引导，相当于 in which。 6. Do you know the reason ______ plants need sunlight and water to grow? 答案：why 解析：先行词 the reason 表原因，从句缺原因状语，用 why 引导，解释 “植物需要阳光水分的原因”。 7. There is a special situation ______ we need to ask for help from our parents. 答案：where 解析：先行词 situation 为抽象地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导，指代 “需要求助的场景”。 8. He will never forget the day ______ he received his first prize in a competition. 答案：when 解析：先行词 the day 表时间，从句缺时间状语，用 when 引导，相当于 on which。 9. The letter ______ she mentioned her plan for the summer vacation is still kept in my drawer. 答案：where 解析：先行词是 the letter，看似是表示 “物品” 的名词，但此处它属于抽象地点名词的用法，指代 “信的内容里” 这个抽象的 “地点范围”。 10. Could you explain the reason ______ you chose to join the English club? 答案：why 解析：先行词 the reason 表原因，从句缺原因状语，用 why 引导，询问 “加入俱乐部的原因”。 考点三：“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句。其中关系代词只能用which和whom，且不能省略。 English is a useful tool with which we can communicate with people around the world。 英语是一门有用的工具，我们可以用它和世界各地的人交流。 2．“the＋名词＋of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。这类定语从句一般为非限制性定语从句，且该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属关系。 The old temple, the roof of which (= whose roof) was damaged in the storm, will be repaired soon。 那座屋顶在暴风雨中受损的古庙，很快就会被修缮。 3．“表示全部或部分的词语＋of which/whom”结构引导的定语从句。常见的表示部分的词或结构有：不定代词(all, both, none, some, most等)；数词(基数词、序数词、百分数、分数、several等)；the＋形容词的比较级/最高级。 She bought a lot of clothes, few of which fit her well。 她买了很多衣服，其中没几件是合身的。 There are 50 students in our class, all of whom passed the English exam。 我们班有 50 名学生，所有人都通过了英语考试。 4．“介词＋which＋名词”结构引导的定语从句。 常见的类似结构： during which time 在此期间 at which time在这时 at which point在这一时刻 for which reason 由于这个原因 in which case 在这一情况下 考点四：特殊情况 1. 当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,且在定语从句中作主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;作状语时,要用in which 或that或不填任何关系词。 eg. The way in which/that he finished the task successfully was difficult to understand. The way which/that he explained to me was not difficult to understand. 2. 当先行词为time时,若表示“一段时间”,后面定语从句用when引导,也可用at/during which; 若表示“次数”,后面定语从句用that引导, that可以省略。 eg. There was a time when we had no TV sets. This is the second time that the President has visited our country. ◆考点跟踪练习◆ 用“介词+关系代词”填空 【Group 1】 1. The girl ______ ______ I borrowed the storybook is my deskmate. 答案：from whom 解析：先行词 the girl 指人，从句核心搭配 “borrow sth. from sb.”，介词 from 提前，指人用 whom，构成 from whom，在从句中作宾语。 2. This is the house ______ ______ my father was born 50 years ago. 答案：in which 解析：先行词 the house 指物，“be born in + 地点” 是固定搭配，介词 in 提前，指物用 which，in which 相当于 where，作地点状语。 3. I still remember the days ______ ______ we traveled together in Sanya. 答案：during which 解析：先行词 the days 表时间，during + 时间名词表 “在…… 期间”，指物用 which，during which 相当于 when，作时间状语。 4. The student ______ ______ our teacher praised at the meeting won first prize. 答案：for whom 解析：先行词 the student 指人，从句隐含 “praise sb. for (one’s achievements)”，介词 for 提前，指人用 whom，作宾语。 5. The café ______ ______ we had afternoon tea yesterday is near the park. 答案：at which 解析：先行词 the café 指物，“at the café” 表地点，介词 at 提前，指物用 which，at which 相当于 where，作地点状语。 6. The dictionary ______ ______ I paid 80 yuan is very useful for my English study. 答案：for which 解析：先行词 the dictionary 指物，“pay some money for sth.” 是固定搭配，介词 for 提前，指物用 which，作宾语。 7. She is the singer ______ ______ many teenagers are crazy. 答案：about whom 解析：先行词 the singer 指人，固定短语 “be crazy about sb.”，介词 about 提前，指人用 whom，作宾语。 8. The project ______ ______ they are working hard will be finished next month. 答案：on which 解析：先行词 the project 指物，固定搭配 “work on a project”，介词 on 提前，指物用 which，作宾语。 9. There is no one ______ ______ we can turn for help in this strange city. 答案：to whom 解析：先行词 no one 指人，“turn to sb. for help” 是固定表达，介词 to 提前，指人用 whom，作宾语。 10. He lost his new bike, ______ ______ he couldn’t go to school on time. 答案：without which 解析：非限制性定语从句，which 指代 “lost his new bike” 这件事，without 表 “没有”，without which 表 “没有这件事的话”，作条件状语。 【Group 2】 1. This is the farm ________ ________ my parents worked ten years ago. 答案：on which 解析：先行词是 the farm（表地点），定语从句中缺地点状语，“在农场工作” 用 work on the farm，介词 on 提前，后接指物的关系代词 which。 2. The boy ________ ________ I played basketball yesterday is my best friend. 答案：with whom 解析：先行词是 the boy（指人），定语从句中缺伴随状语，“和某人打篮球” 用 play basketball with sb.，介词 with 提前，后接指人的关系代词 whom。 3. I don’t know the reason ________ ________ he refused the invitation to the party. 答案：for which 解析：先行词是 the reason（表原因），定语从句中缺原因状语，“…… 的原因” 用 for the reason，介词 for 提前，后接关系代词 which，等价于 why。 4. This is the way ________ ________ she communicates with her foreign friends. 答案：in which 解析：先行词是 the way（表方式），定语从句中缺方式状语，“用这种方式” 用 in the way，介词 in 提前，后接关系代词 which；该结构也可省略关系词或用 that。 5. The book ________ ________ our teacher talked in class is written by a famous writer. 答案：about which 解析：先行词是 the book（指物），定语从句中缺宾语，“谈论某物” 用 talk about sth.，介词 about 提前，后接关系代词 which。 6. The girl ________ ________ my mother bought a dress is my cousin. 答案：for whom 解析：先行词是 the girl（指人），定语从句中缺宾语，“为某人买某物” 用 buy sth. for sb.，介词 for 提前，后接关系代词 whom。 7. We visited the old factory, ________ ________ the surrounding area has been turned into a public park in recent years. 答案：around which 解析：先行词是 the old factory（指物），本句为非限制性定语从句，从句表达 “工厂周边区域被改造成公园”，对应搭配为 around the factory，介词 around 提前，后接关系代词 which；非限制性定语从句不可用 that，且介词后只能用 which，解题时需同时判断从句逻辑和定语从句类型。 8. The decade, ________ ________ great changes took place in our hometown, left a deep impression on everyone. 答案：during which 解析：先行词是 the decade（表时间），从句主谓结构完整，缺时间状语；“在十年间” 的固定搭配为 during the decade，介词 during 提前，后接关系代词 which；本题陷阱在于先行词是抽象时间名词，需区分介词 in/during 的用法，during 更强调 “在…… 期间（整个时段）”。 9. The pen, ________ ________ the famous writer created many great works, is now kept in a museum. 答案：with which 解析：先行词是 the pen（指物），本句为非限制性定语从句，从句表达 “用这支笔创作作品”，对应搭配为 create works with the pen；解题关键在于识别动词 create 和工具 pen 的逻辑关系，且非限制性定语从句不可省略关系词，介词后只能用 which。 10. The scientist, ________ ________ the country awarded a medal for his outstanding research, is respected by all people. 答案：to whom 解析：先行词是 the scientist（指人），本句为非限制性定语从句，固定搭配为 award a medal to sb.（授予某人奖章）；介词 to 提前后，指人的关系代词只能用 whom，且非限制性定语从句不可用 that，需同时兼顾搭配和语法规则。 高考再现 用关系词填空 【Group 1】 1.（2023 全国甲卷）There was once a town in the heart of America, ______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings. 答案：where 解析：先行词 a town（表地点），从句缺地点状语，相当于 in which，用 where 引导非限制性定语从句。 2.（2018 天津卷）Kae, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. 答案：whose 解析：先行词 Kae（指人），从句中 sister 需定语修饰，表 “Kae 的”，用 whose 引导非限制性定语从句。 3.（2019 全国I卷）One afternoon ______ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 答案：when 解析：先行词 one afternoon（表时间），从句缺时间状语，用 when 引导，相当于 on which。 4.（2020 新高考I卷）The connection was lost, without ________ we couldn’t get any data from the satellite. 答案：which 解析：先行词为 the connection（指物），介词 without 表 “没有”，从句缺 without 的宾语，用 without which，指代 “没有该连接”。 5.（2019 江苏卷改写・单项填空）He has three sons, two of ________ are doctors. 答案：whom 解析：先行词 three sons（指人），two of whom 表 “其中两人”，表整体与部分关系，介词 of 固定搭配。 6.（2017 全国I卷）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health. 答案：which 解析：先行词为前面整个句子（“摄入过多两者”），非限制性定语从句用 which 引导，指代前文内容。 7.（2018 江苏卷）Self-driving is an area ______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 答案：where 解析：先行词 an area（抽象地点），从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导。 8.（真题改编）This is the reason ______ he was absent from school. 答案：why 解析：先行词 the reason，从句缺原因状语，用 why 引导，相当于 for which。 9.（2016 全国I卷改写）The professor with ________ we discussed the project is from Harvard. 答案：whom 解析：先行词 professor（指人），介词 with 表 “和…… 一起”，从句缺 with 的宾语，用 with whom。 10.（2019 浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 cloth（指物），从句缺主语，限制性定语从句用 that 或 which。 【Group 2】 11.（2020 全国 Ⅲ 卷）In ancient China lived an artist, ________ paintings were almost lifelike. 答案：whose 解析：先行词 artist（指人），从句中 paintings 需定语，表 “画家的”，用 whose 引导。 12.（2019 全国 Ⅲ 卷）They were well trained by their master ________ had great experience with caring for these animals. 答案：who/that 解析：先行词 master（指人），从句缺主语，限制性定语从句可用 who 或 that。 13.（2013 全国II卷）The house _________ we live is very old.（改后考查） 答案：in which/where 解析：先行词 house（指物），live in 为固定搭配，介词 in 提前用 in which，等价于where，从句缺地点状语。 14.（2021 天津卷）In the spring, a season ______ we are learning new rhythms of life, many of us find comfort in the natural world. 答案：when 解析：先行词 a season（表时间），从句缺时间状语，用 when 引导。 15.（2021 全国乙卷改写）There are 50 students in our class, most of ________ are from urban areas. 答案：whom 解析：先行词 50 students（指人），most of whom 表 “大多数学生”，非限制性定语从句中用 of whom。 16.（2018 全国II卷）They also had a small pond which they raised fish.（改后考查） 答案：where/in which 解析：先行词 a small pond（表地点），从句缺地点状语，用 where 或 in which 引导。 17.（2009 陕西卷）Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time. 答案：about which 解析：先行词 subject（指物），argue about 为固定搭配，介词 about 提前，用 about which。 18.（2018 天津卷改写）The professor ________ we met yesterday will give us a lecture. 答案：whom/who/that 解析：先行词 professor（指人），从句缺宾语，限制性定语从句可用 whom/who/that，也可省略。 19.（2014 全国大纲卷改写）The period during _________ he worked in the factory was very important. 答案：which 解析：先行词 period（时间），介词 during 表 “在…… 期间”，从句缺 during 的宾语，用 during which。 20.（2020 全国I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 答案：where 解析：先行词 a spot（表地点），从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导。 【Group 3】 21.（2022 全国甲卷）On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 答案：who 解析：先行词为 Cao Shengkang（指人），从句缺主语，非限制性定语从句用 who 引导。 22.（2015 福建卷改写）Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 the reason，从句缺宾语，需用 that/which 引导，why 仅作原因状语，此处不适用。 23.（2019 浙江卷改写）She bought many books, some of ________ are about history. 答案：which 解析：先行词 books（指物），some of which 表 “其中一些书”，用 of which 指代物的部分。 24.（2016 天津卷）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ______ the weather may be better. 答案：when 解析：先行词 next week（表时间），非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，用 when 引导。 25.（2020 新高考I卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ________ opened in 1759. 答案：which/that 解析：先行词 the British Museum（指物），从句缺主语，限制性定语从句用 which/that。 26.（2015 浙江卷）Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 答案：in which/where 解析：先行词 atmosphere（抽象地点），介词 in 表 “在…… 氛围中”，从句缺地点状语，用 in which，等价于 where。 27.（2010 全国I卷改写）He told me a story, about ________ I wrote a report. 答案：which 解析：先行词 a story（指物），介词 about 表 “关于”，从句缺 about 的宾语，用 about which。 28.（真题改编）This is the best film ________ I have ever seen.（补充考查） 答案：that 解析：先行词 film 被最高级 best 修饰，限制性定语从句中只能用 that 引导，从句缺宾语。 29.（2017 天津卷改写）My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.（同类考点延伸） 答案：whose 解析：先行词 my eldest son（指人），从句中 work 需定语修饰，表 “儿子的”，用 whose 引导非限制性定语从句。 30.（2016 全国II卷）We may have different opinions about that.（改后考查） 答案：which 解析：此处指代前文提到的 “选择待在家还是旅行” 这一事项，作介词 about 的宾语，非限制性语境中用 which 而非 that。 综合提升练 定语从句关系词语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词（定语从句关系词），使短文通顺连贯。 Many people dream of visiting the ancient city of Pingyao, 1. ______ lies in the center of Shanxi Province. It is a place 2. ______ people can experience the charm of traditional Chinese architecture. 3. ______ is known to us all, there lived an old craftsman 4. ______ skills in making paper-cuts are known far and wide. His studio, 5. ______ we visited last summer, is filled with delicate works of art. I still remember the day 6. ______ we first met him. He told us stories about his grandmother’s house 7. ______ which he spent most of his childhood. The reason 8. ______ he loves paper-cutting so much is that it carries the warm memories of his grandmother. He also introduced us to a young apprentice(学徒) 9. ______ he has taught for five years, and with 10. ______ he plans to set up a paper-cutting museum in the future. This is the most unforgettable trip that I have ever had, for it not only let me appreciate the beauty of folk art but also made me understand the spirit of inheritance(传承). 参考答案及解析 1. which 解析：先行词是 the ancient city of Pingyao（指物），引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，用 which。 2. where 解析：先行词是 a place（表地点），从句中缺地点状语，用 where，相当于 in which。 3. As 解析：此处为 as 引导的非限制性定语从句，置于句首，意为 “正如”，指代后文整句话的内容，符合 as 的高频考点用法。 4. whose 解析：先行词是 an old craftsman（指人），从句中 skills 需要定语修饰，表 “工匠的”，用 whose。 5. which 解析：先行词是 His studio（指物），引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作 visited 的宾语，用 which。 6. when 解析：先行词是 the day（表时间），从句中缺时间状语，用 when，相当于 on which。 7. in 解析：先行词是 his grandmother’s house（表地点），从句中缺地点状语，用 in which（介词 + 关系代词），相当于 where，满足介词 + 关系代词的考点要求。 8. why 解析：先行词是 The reason，从句中缺原因状语，用 why，相当于 for which。 9. who/whom/that 解析：先行词是 a young apprentice（指人），限制性定语从句中作 taught 的宾语，可用 who/whom/that，也可省略。 10. whom 解析：先行词是 a young apprentice，介词 with 提前，定语从句中作 with 的宾语，指人时用 whom。 11 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $