Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 后缀 -ness 构词法 & 形容词比较级和最高级（核心语法精练）英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦后缀-ness构词法与形容词比较级最高级，通过“知识回顾-考点夯基-综合提升”三阶训练，系统构建语法规则与应用体系，强化语言理解表达能力及逻辑思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|构词法/比较级对比表+规律小结|提炼后缀-ness构词规则（形容词→抽象名词）及比较级最高级构成（音节判断/不规则变化）与用法（than/in范围等）规律|从构词法/比较级概念生成，到用法原理推导，形成“规则-结构-应用”逻辑链条| |考点夯基|填空10题+选择10题+完成句子10题+句型转换10题|针对不同题型强化规则应用，如词性转换、级变化及句式转换技巧|以基础题型巩固核心规则，覆盖易混点（双写/辅音+y变化）| |综合提升|语法选择2篇+短文填空2篇|通过语篇训练实现知识迁移，提升语境中规则运用能力|从单句到语篇，拓展至“Earth and Beyond”主题情境，完成应用拓展|

Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 核心语法精练 （后缀 -ness 构词法 & 形容词比较级和最高级） 目录 一、知识回顾 1 1. 后缀 -ness 构词法（The Suffix -ness） 1 2. 形容词比较级和最高级（Comparative & Superlative Adjectives）结构对比表 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 2 二、单项选择。 3 三、完成句子。 5 四、句型转换。 6 三、综合提升 7 一、语法选择 7 二、短文填空 9 形容词比较级和最高级（Comparative & Superlative Adjectives）结构对比表 构成规则 原级 比较级 最高级 一般情况：加 -er / -est bright brighter brightest 以不发音 e 结尾：加 -r / -st large larger largest 以辅音字母 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i，加 -er / -est dry drier driest 以重读闭音节结尾：双写末尾辅音字母，加 -er / -est hot hotter hottest 多音节词和部分双音节词：more / most + 原级 wonderful more wonderful the most wonderful 不规则变化 good / well better best many / much more most bad / ill worse worst little less least far farther / further farthest / furthest 用法要点： 用法 结构 示例 比较级 两者比较：A + 比较级 + than + B Mars is smaller than Earth. 最高级 三者及以上比较：the + 最高级 + of/in 范围 Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. 比较级修饰语 much / a little / even + 比较级 Mercury is much closer to the Sun than Earth. 同级比较 as + 原级 + as Venus is as bright as a star. 越……越…… the + 比较级，the + 比较级 The larger the star, the brighter it is. 规律小结： ① -ness 为名词后缀，只接在形容词后，不可接在动词或副词后。 ② 形容词变比较级时，先判断音节数：单音节和部分双音节加 -er/-est；多音节加 more/most。 ③ 以 -y 结尾的形容词，先变 y 为 i，再加 -er/-est。 ④ 重读闭音节（辅元辅结构）需双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 -er/-est。 ⑤ 不规则变化需单独记忆：good/well → better → best；bad/ill → worse → worst；many/much → more → most；far → farther/further → farthest/furthest。 后缀 -ness 构词法 规律小结： -ness 加在形容词后构成抽象名词，表示“具有……性质 / ……的状态”。 该后缀不改变单词的基本含义，只改变词性（形容词 → 名词）。 常见于构成表示情感、状态、特征的名词。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The __________ (bright) of the Sun makes it the most important star in the solar system. 【答案】brightness 【解析】bright 加后缀 -ness 变为 brightness，表示“亮度”，在句中作主语。 2. Among all the planets, Jupiter is the __________ (large) one. 【答案】largest 【解析】“在所有行星中”为三者以上范围，用最高级，large 变 largest。 3. Mercury is much __________ (close) to the Sun than Earth is. 【答案】closer 【解析】than 提示用比较级，close 变 closer；much 修饰比较级。 4. The __________ (cold) on Neptune makes it impossible for living things to survive there. 【答案】coldness 【解析】cold 加后缀 -ness 变为 coldness，表示“寒冷”，在句中作主语。 5. Venus is the __________ (hot) planet in the solar system. 【答案】hottest 【解析】“在太阳系中”为三者以上范围，用最高级，hot 变 hottest（双写 t）。 6. Because of the __________ (dark) in space, we need telescopes to see distant stars. 【答案】darkness 【解析】dark 加后缀 -ness 变为 darkness，表示“黑暗”，在句中作宾语。 7. Mars is __________ (small) than Earth, with a diameter of only about 6,800 kilometers. 【答案】smaller 【解析】than 提示用比较级，small 变 smaller。 8. The __________ (happy) of exploring the universe encourages scientists to work hard. 【答案】happiness 【解析】happy 加后缀 -ness（变 y 为 i）变为 happiness，表示“幸福/快乐”，在句中作主语。 9. The temperature on Mercury is much __________ (high) than that on Earth during the daytime. 【答案】higher 【解析】than 提示用比较级，high 变 higher；much 修饰比较级。 10. The __________ (weak) of the sunlight on distant planets makes them very cold. 【答案】weakness 【解析】weak 加后缀 -ness 变为 weakness，表示“虚弱/微弱”，在句中作主语。 二、单项选择。 (  ) 1. The Sun is the __________ object in the solar system. A. big   B. bigger   C. biggest   D. more big 【答案】C 【解析】“在太阳系中”为三者以上范围，用最高级，big 变 biggest。 (  ) 2. Because of its __________ to the Sun, Mercury is very hot during the day. A. close   B. closeness   C. closely   D. closer 【答案】B 【解析】its 后接名词，close 加后缀 -ness 变为 closeness，表示“接近”。 (  ) 3. Mars is __________ than Earth, but scientists are still looking for life on it. A. small   B. smaller   C. smallest   D. more small 【答案】B 【解析】than 提示用比较级，small 变 smaller。 (  ) 4. Neptune is __________ from the Sun than Earth is. A. far   B. farther   C. farthest   D. the farthest 【答案】B 【解析】than 提示用比较级，far 变 farther（指距离更远）。 (  ) 5. The __________ of the star is related to its size and temperature. A. bright   B. brighter   C. brightness   D. brightest 【答案】C 【解析】定冠词 The 后接名词，bright 加后缀 -ness 变为 brightness，表示“亮度”。 (  ) 6. Among the eight planets, Earth is the only one __________ is alive with life. A. who   B. which   C. what   D. where 【答案】B 【解析】先行词为 the only one（指代 planet），指物，关系代词用 which。 (  ) 7. Venus is __________ hotter than Earth, so no living things can survive on it. A. very   B. much   C. more   D. most 【答案】B 【解析】much 可修饰比较级，表示“……得多”；very 不能修饰比较级。 (  ) 8. The __________ of the space station is due to its thin walls. A. weak   B. weaken   C. weakness   D. weakly 【答案】C 【解析】定冠词 The 后接名词，weak 加后缀 -ness 变为 weakness，表示“弱点/不足”。 (  ) 9. Jupiter is about 140,000 kilometers in diameter, so it is much __________ than Earth. A. large   B. larger   C. largest   D. more large 【答案】B 【解析】than 提示用比较级，large 变 larger；much 修饰比较级。 (  ) 10. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63℃, which is __________ than that on Earth. A. low   B. lower   C. lowest   D. more low 【答案】B 【解析】than 提示用比较级，low 变 lower。 三、完成句子。 1. 太阳的光和热对地球上的生物至关重要。 The Sun's __________ and __________ are very important to the living things on Earth. 【答案】light; heat 【解析】light（光）和 heat（热）为单元核心词汇，在句中作主语。 2. 木星是太阳系中最大的行星。 Jupiter is __________ __________ planet in the solar system. 【答案】the largest 【解析】“在太阳系中”为三者以上范围，用最高级，large 变 largest，前加 the。 3. 水星比金星离太阳更近。 Mercury is __________ __________ the Sun than Venus. 【答案】closer to 【解析】than 提示用比较级，close 变 closer；be close to 表示“离……近”。 4. 由于空气的稀薄，冥王星上的寒冷令人难以忍受。 The __________ on Pluto is unbearable because of its thin air. 【答案】coldness 【解析】cold 加后缀 -ness 变为 coldness，表示“寒冷”，在句中作主语。 5. 海王星比地球冷得多。 Neptune is __________ __________ than Earth. 【答案】much colder 【解析】much 修饰比较级，cold 变 colder。 6. 科学家们在太空探索中需要细心和责任感。 Scientists need __________ and __________ in space exploration. 【答案】carefulness; responsibility 【解析】carefulness 由 careful 加 -ness 构成，表示“细心”；responsibility 为单元词汇，表示“责任感”。 7. 金星是太阳系中最热的行星之一。 Venus is one of __________ __________ planets in the solar system. 【答案】the hottest 【解析】“one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词”表示“最……之一”，hot 变 hottest。 8. 望远镜能帮助我们观察宇宙的黑暗中的恒星。 Telescopes help us see stars in the __________ of the universe. 【答案】darkness 【解析】dark 加后缀 -ness 变为 darkness，表示“黑暗”，在句中作宾语。 9. 地球与火星有一些共同之处。 Earth and Mars have __________ __________ __________. 【答案】something in common 【解析】have something in common 为固定短语，表示“有一些共同之处”。 10. 火星上的一天比地球上的一天稍长。 A day on Mars is __________ __________ longer than a day on Earth. 【答案】a little 【解析】a little 可修饰比较级，表示“稍……”，longer 为比较级。 四、句型转换。 1. The Sun is bigger than all the other planets in the solar system.（改为同义句） The Sun is __________ __________ __________ in the solar system. 【答案】the biggest planet 【解析】“比所有其他行星都大” = “最大的行星”，用最高级。 2. Mercury is closer to the Sun than Mars.（改为同义句） Mars is __________ __________ the Sun than Mercury. 【答案】farther from 【解析】“水星比火星离太阳更近” = “火星比水星离太阳更远”。 3. Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun.（改为比较级句） Neptune is __________ __________ from the Sun than any other planet. 【答案】farther 【解析】最高级可转换为“比任何其他……都更……”，用比较级。 4. The temperature on Venus is very high.（用比较级改写） The temperature on Venus is __________ __________ than that on Earth. 【答案】much higher 【解析】将原句改为与地球对比的比较级，用 much higher than。 5. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ is the largest planet in the solar system? 【答案】Which planet 【解析】对具体行星提问用 Which planet。 6. Earth is alive with life because it is neither too hot nor too cold.（改为同义句） Earth is alive with life because it is __________ too hot __________ too cold. 【答案】not; or 【解析】neither...nor... = not...or...，表示“既不太热也不太冷”。 7. The inner planets are smaller than the outer planets.（改为同义句） The outer planets are __________ __________ the inner planets. 【答案】larger than 【解析】“内行星比外行星小” = “外行星比内行星大”。 8. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system.（改为否定句） Venus is __________ __________ hottest planet in the solar system. 【答案】not the 【解析】最高级的否定直接在 be 后加 not。 9. Scientists sent a spaceship to fly close to Pluto.（改为一般疑问句） __________ scientists __________ a spaceship to fly close to Pluto? 【答案】Did; send 【解析】一般过去时的一般疑问句，借助 Did，动词还原为 send。 10. The Sun provides energy and light for the Earth.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ the Sun __________ for the Earth? 【答案】What does; provide 【解析】对物提问用 What，一般现在时借助 does，动词还原为 provide。 一、语法选择 A 阅读下面短文，从 A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 The solar system is an amazing place. The Sun is the (1) __________ star in the solar system. It is much (2) __________ than any planet. Among the eight planets, Jupiter is (3) __________. It has a diameter of about 140,000 kilometers, which makes it much (4) __________ than Earth. Mercury is the (5) __________ planet to the Sun. Because of its (6) __________ to the Sun, it is very hot during the day. However, the temperature can drop down to -173℃ at night. This is due to the (7) __________ of its air. Venus is known for its (8) __________. It is (9) __________ planet in the solar system. Earth is our only home. It is neither too hot (10) __________ too cold. That is why it is alive with life. (  ) 1. A. big   B. bigger   C. biggest (  ) 2. A. large   B. larger   C. largest (  ) 3. A. large   B. larger   C. the largest (  ) 4. A. large   B. larger   C. largest (  ) 5. A. close   B. closer   C. the closest (  ) 6. A. close   B. closeness   C. closed (  ) 7. A. weak   B. weakness   C. weakly (  ) 8. A. bright   B. brightness   C. brightest (  ) 9. A. hot   B. hotter   C. the hottest (  ) 10. A. or   B. nor   C. and 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B 【文章大意】 本文介绍了太阳系中太阳和八大行星的基本情况，包括大小、距离太阳的远近以及温度等特征。 【解析】 1.C。“在太阳系中”为三者以上范围，用最高级 biggest。 2.B。much 修饰比较级，large 变 larger，表示“大得多”。 3.C。“在八大行星中最大的”，用最高级 the largest。 4.B。than 提示用比较级，large 变 larger。 5.C。“离太阳最近的行星”，用最高级 the closest。 6.B。its 后接名词，close 加 -ness 变为 closeness，表示“接近”。 7.B。the 后接名词，weak 加 -ness 变为 weakness，表示“弱点/不足”。 8.B。its 后接名词，bright 加 -ness 变为 brightness，表示“亮度”。 9.C。“最热的行星”，用最高级 the hottest。 10.B。neither...nor... 为固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。 B 阅读下面短文，从 A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Do you know the Death Valley? It is known as (1) __________ place on Earth. In 1913, the highest air temperature reached 56.7℃ here. It is also the (2) __________ place in North America. In summer, the average rainfall is (3) __________ than 5cm. But winter and spring are (4) __________ and more comfortable. Mars is one of Earth's neighbors. It is (5) __________ than Earth and much colder. However, there is ice on Mars. That is (6) __________ for scientists to explore. Among all the planets, Mercury is the (7) __________ to the Sun. It is very hot in the daytime and very cold at night. The (8) __________ of Mercury makes it difficult for us to see on Earth. The Sun provides light and heat for us. The (9) __________ of the Sun is very important to us. Space exploration brings us new knowledge and (10) __________. Scientists will continue to explore the universe. (  ) 1. A. hot   B. hotter   C. the hottest (  ) 2. A. dry   B. drier   C. the driest (  ) 3. A. little   B. less   C. the least (  ) 4. A. wet   B. wetter   C. the wettest (  ) 5. A. small   B. smaller   C. smallest (  ) 6. A. importance   B. important   C. importantly (  ) 7. A. close   B. closer   C. the closest (  ) 8. A. small   B. smallness   C. smaller (  ) 9. A. warm   B. warmer   C. warmth (  ) 10. A. happy   B. happiness   C. happier 【答案】 1.C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B 【文章大意】 本文介绍了地球上最热最干的地方——死亡谷，对比了火星与地球的差异，介绍了水星的特点，并强调了太阳对地球生命的重要性以及太空探索的意义。 【解析】 1.C。“地球上最热的地方”，三者以上范围用最高级 the hottest。 2.C。“北美最干的地方”，三者以上范围用最高级 the driest。 3.B。than 提示用比较级，little 变 less。 4.B。根据语境“比夏天潮湿”用比较级，wet 变 wetter。 5.B。than 提示用比较级，small 变 smaller。 6.B。系动词 is 后接形容词 important 作表语。 7.C。“在所有行星中离太阳最近”，用最高级 the closest。 8.B。small 加后缀 -ness 变为 smallness，在句中作主语。 9.C。warm 变 warmth（特殊变化），在句中作主语。 10.B。happy 加后缀 -ness（变 y 为 i）变为 happiness，与 knowledge 并列作宾语。 二、短文填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The solar system has eight planets. They are all different. Mercury is the (1) __________ (close) planet to the Sun. Venus is the (2) __________ (hot) planet. Earth is our home. It is (3) __________ (big) than Mars but (4) __________ (small) than Venus. Jupiter is the (5) __________ (large) planet of all. Mars is Earth's neighbor. It is much (6) __________ (cold) than Earth because it is farther from the Sun. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63℃. However, there is ice on Mars. Scientists are looking for signs of life there. The Sun is a star. It provides light and heat for us. The (7) __________ (warm) of the Sun is very important to us. The (8) __________ (bright) of the Sun is also amazing. Space exploration has brought us much (9) __________ (happy). Scientists will continue to explore the universe. The (10) __________ (dark) of space is full of secrets waiting for us to discover. 【答案】 1.closest 2. hottest 3. bigger 4. smaller 5. largest 6. colder 7. warmth 8. brightness 9. happiness 10. darkness 【解析】 1.closest。“离太阳最近的行星”，三者以上范围用最高级。 2.hottest。“最热的行星”，三者以上范围用最高级，hot 双写 t。 3.bigger。than 提示用比较级，big 双写 g。 4.smaller。than 提示用比较级。 5.largest。“最大的行星”，三者以上范围用最高级。 6.colder。than 提示用比较级。 7.warmth。warm 变 warmth（特殊变化），在句中作主语。 8.brightness。bright 加后缀 -ness 变为 brightness，在句中作主语。 9.happiness。happy 加后缀 -ness（变 y 为 i）变为 happiness。 10.darkness。dark 加后缀 -ness 变为 darkness，在句中作主语。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last night, I looked up at the sky with my telescope. The stars were shining brightly. Some were (1) __________ (bright) than others. The Big Dipper looked like a spoon. I could see the North Star too. It was one of the (2) __________ (bright) stars in the sky. The Moon was also beautiful. It was (3) __________ (large) than the stars. But we all know the Sun is (4) __________ (large) object in the solar system. It is much (5) __________ (big) than the Moon. I read a book about space last week. It said that Mercury is the (6) __________ (small) planet. Jupiter is the (7) __________ (large). Neptune is the (8) __________ (far) from the Sun. The (9) __________ (dark) of the night sky made the stars look even more beautiful. I felt a deep sense of (10) __________ (happy) when I was watching the stars. 【答案】 1.brighter 2. brightest 3. larger 4. the largest 5. bigger 6. smallest 7. largest 8. farthest 9. darkness 10. happiness 【解析】 1.brighter。than 提示用比较级。 2.brightest。“最亮的星星之一”，用最高级 one of the + 最高级。 3.larger。than 提示用比较级。 4.the largest。“太阳系中最大的物体”，三者以上范围用最高级，加 the。 5.bigger。than 提示用比较级。 6.smallest。“最小的行星”，用最高级。 7.largest。“最大的行星”，用最高级。 8.farthest。“离太阳最远的行星”，用最高级。 9.darkness。dark 加后缀 -ness 变为 darkness，在句中作主语。 10.happiness。happy 加后缀 -ness（变 y 为 i）变为 happiness，在句中作宾语。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Earth and Beyond 核心语法精练 （后缀 -ness 构词法 & 形容词比较级和最高级） 目录 一、知识回顾 1 1. 后缀 -ness 构词法（The Suffix -ness） 1 2. 形容词比较级和最高级（Comparative & Superlative Adjectives）结构对比表 1 二、考点夯基 2 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 2 二、单项选择。 3 三、完成句子。 5 四、句型转换。 6 三、综合提升 7 一、语法选择 7 二、短文填空 9 形容词比较级和最高级（Comparative & Superlative Adjectives）结构对比表 构成规则 原级 比较级 最高级 一般情况：加 -er / -est bright brighter brightest 以不发音 e 结尾：加 -r / -st large larger largest 以辅音字母 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i，加 -er / -est dry drier driest 以重读闭音节结尾：双写末尾辅音字母，加 -er / -est hot hotter hottest 多音节词和部分双音节词：more / most + 原级 wonderful more wonderful the most wonderful 不规则变化 good / well better best many / much more most bad / ill worse worst little less least far farther / further farthest / furthest 用法要点： 用法 结构 示例 比较级 两者比较：A + 比较级 + than + B Mars is smaller than Earth. 最高级 三者及以上比较：the + 最高级 + of/in 范围 Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. 比较级修饰语 much / a little / even + 比较级 Mercury is much closer to the Sun than Earth. 同级比较 as + 原级 + as Venus is as bright as a star. 越……越…… the + 比较级，the + 比较级 The larger the star, the brighter it is. 规律小结： ① -ness 为名词后缀，只接在形容词后，不可接在动词或副词后。 ② 形容词变比较级时，先判断音节数：单音节和部分双音节加 -er/-est；多音节加 more/most。 ③ 以 -y 结尾的形容词，先变 y 为 i，再加 -er/-est。 ④ 重读闭音节（辅元辅结构）需双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 -er/-est。 ⑤ 不规则变化需单独记忆：good/well → better → best；bad/ill → worse → worst；many/much → more → most；far → farther/further → farthest/furthest。 后缀 -ness 构词法 规律小结： -ness 加在形容词后构成抽象名词，表示“具有……性质 / ……的状态”。 该后缀不改变单词的基本含义，只改变词性（形容词 → 名词）。 常见于构成表示情感、状态、特征的名词。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The __________ (bright) of the Sun makes it the most important star in the solar system. 2. Among all the planets, Jupiter is the __________ (large) one. 3. Mercury is much __________ (close) to the Sun than Earth is. 4. The __________ (cold) on Neptune makes it impossible for living things to survive there. 5. Venus is the __________ (hot) planet in the solar system. 6. Because of the __________ (dark) in space, we need telescopes to see distant stars. 7. Mars is __________ (small) than Earth, with a diameter of only about 6,800 kilometers. 8. The __________ (happy) of exploring the universe encourages scientists to work hard. 9. The temperature on Mercury is much __________ (high) than that on Earth during the daytime. 10. The __________ (weak) of the sunlight on distant planets makes them very cold. 二、单项选择。 (  ) 1. The Sun is the __________ object in the solar system. A. big   B. bigger   C. biggest   D. more big (  ) 2. Because of its __________ to the Sun, Mercury is very hot during the day. A. close   B. closeness   C. closely   D. closer (  ) 3. Mars is __________ than Earth, but scientists are still looking for life on it. A. small   B. smaller   C. smallest   D. more small (  ) 4. Neptune is __________ from the Sun than Earth is. A. far   B. farther   C. farthest   D. the farthest (  ) 5. The __________ of the star is related to its size and temperature. A. bright   B. brighter   C. brightness   D. brightest (  ) 6. Among the eight planets, Earth is the only one __________ is alive with life. A. who   B. which   C. what   D. where (  ) 7. Venus is __________ hotter than Earth, so no living things can survive on it. A. very   B. much   C. more   D. most (  ) 8. The __________ of the space station is due to its thin walls. A. weak   B. weaken   C. weakness   D. weakly (  ) 9. Jupiter is about 140,000 kilometers in diameter, so it is much __________ than Earth. A. large   B. larger   C. largest   D. more large (  ) 10. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63℃, which is __________ than that on Earth. A. low   B. lower   C. lowest   D. more low 三、完成句子。 1. 太阳的光和热对地球上的生物至关重要。 The Sun's __________ and __________ are very important to the living things on Earth. 2. 木星是太阳系中最大的行星。 Jupiter is __________ __________ planet in the solar system. 3. 水星比金星离太阳更近。 Mercury is __________ __________ the Sun than Venus. 4. 由于空气的稀薄，冥王星上的寒冷令人难以忍受。 The __________ on Pluto is unbearable because of its thin air. 5. 海王星比地球冷得多。 Neptune is __________ __________ than Earth. 6. 科学家们在太空探索中需要细心和责任感。 Scientists need __________ and __________ in space exploration. 7. 金星是太阳系中最热的行星之一。 Venus is one of __________ __________ planets in the solar system. 8. 望远镜能帮助我们观察宇宙的黑暗中的恒星。 Telescopes help us see stars in the __________ of the universe. 9. 地球与火星有一些共同之处。 Earth and Mars have __________ __________ __________. 10. 火星上的一天比地球上的一天稍长。 A day on Mars is __________ __________ longer than a day on Earth. 四、句型转换。 1. The Sun is bigger than all the other planets in the solar system.（改为同义句） The Sun is __________ __________ __________ in the solar system. 2. Mercury is closer to the Sun than Mars.（改为同义句） Mars is __________ __________ the Sun than Mercury. 3. Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun.（改为比较级句） Neptune is __________ __________ from the Sun than any other planet. 4. The temperature on Venus is very high.（用比较级改写） The temperature on Venus is __________ __________ than that on Earth. 5. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ is the largest planet in the solar system? 6. Earth is alive with life because it is neither too hot nor too cold.（改为同义句） Earth is alive with life because it is __________ too hot __________ too cold. 7. The inner planets are smaller than the outer planets.（改为同义句） The outer planets are __________ __________ the inner planets. 8. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system.（改为否定句） Venus is __________ __________ hottest planet in the solar system. 9. Scientists sent a spaceship to fly close to Pluto.（改为一般疑问句） __________ scientists __________ a spaceship to fly close to Pluto? 10. The Sun provides energy and light for the Earth.（对划线部分提问） __________ __________ the Sun __________ for the Earth? 一、语法选择 A 阅读下面短文，从 A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 The solar system is an amazing place. The Sun is the (1) __________ star in the solar system. It is much (2) __________ than any planet. Among the eight planets, Jupiter is (3) __________. It has a diameter of about 140,000 kilometers, which makes it much (4) __________ than Earth. Mercury is the (5) __________ planet to the Sun. Because of its (6) __________ to the Sun, it is very hot during the day. However, the temperature can drop down to -173℃ at night. This is due to the (7) __________ of its air. Venus is known for its (8) __________. It is (9) __________ planet in the solar system. Earth is our only home. It is neither too hot (10) __________ too cold. That is why it is alive with life. (  ) 1. A. big   B. bigger   C. biggest (  ) 2. A. large   B. larger   C. largest (  ) 3. A. large   B. larger   C. the largest (  ) 4. A. large   B. larger   C. largest (  ) 5. A. close   B. closer   C. the closest (  ) 6. A. close   B. closeness   C. closed (  ) 7. A. weak   B. weakness   C. weakly (  ) 8. A. bright   B. brightness   C. brightest (  ) 9. A. hot   B. hotter   C. the hottest (  ) 10. A. or   B. nor   C. and B 阅读下面短文，从 A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Do you know the Death Valley? It is known as (1) __________ place on Earth. In 1913, the highest air temperature reached 56.7℃ here. It is also the (2) __________ place in North America. In summer, the average rainfall is (3) __________ than 5cm. But winter and spring are (4) __________ and more comfortable. Mars is one of Earth's neighbors. It is (5) __________ than Earth and much colder. However, there is ice on Mars. That is (6) __________ for scientists to explore. Among all the planets, Mercury is the (7) __________ to the Sun. It is very hot in the daytime and very cold at night. The (8) __________ of Mercury makes it difficult for us to see on Earth. The Sun provides light and heat for us. The (9) __________ of the Sun is very important to us. Space exploration brings us new knowledge and (10) __________. Scientists will continue to explore the universe. (  ) 1. A. hot   B. hotter   C. the hottest (  ) 2. A. dry   B. drier   C. the driest (  ) 3. A. little   B. less   C. the least (  ) 4. A. wet   B. wetter   C. the wettest (  ) 5. A. small   B. smaller   C. smallest (  ) 6. A. importance   B. important   C. importantly (  ) 7. A. close   B. closer   C. the closest (  ) 8. A. small   B. smallness   C. smaller (  ) 9. A. warm   B. warmer   C. warmth (  ) 10. A. happy   B. happiness   C. happier 二、短文填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The solar system has eight planets. They are all different. Mercury is the (1) __________ (close) planet to the Sun. Venus is the (2) __________ (hot) planet. Earth is our home. It is (3) __________ (big) than Mars but (4) __________ (small) than Venus. Jupiter is the (5) __________ (large) planet of all. Mars is Earth's neighbor. It is much (6) __________ (cold) than Earth because it is farther from the Sun. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63℃. However, there is ice on Mars. Scientists are looking for signs of life there. The Sun is a star. It provides light and heat for us. The (7) __________ (warm) of the Sun is very important to us. The (8) __________ (bright) of the Sun is also amazing. Space exploration has brought us much (9) __________ (happy). Scientists will continue to explore the universe. The (10) __________ (dark) of space is full of secrets waiting for us to discover. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last night, I looked up at the sky with my telescope. The stars were shining brightly. Some were (1) __________ (bright) than others. The Big Dipper looked like a spoon. I could see the North Star too. It was one of the (2) __________ (bright) stars in the sky. The Moon was also beautiful. It was (3) __________ (large) than the stars. But we all know the Sun is (4) __________ (large) object in the solar system. It is much (5) __________ (big) than the Moon. I read a book about space last week. It said that Mercury is the (6) __________ (small) planet. Jupiter is the (7) __________ (large). Neptune is the (8) __________ (far) from the Sun. The (9) __________ (dark) of the night sky made the stars look even more beautiful. I felt a deep sense of (10) __________ (happy) when I was watching the stars. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $