Unit 1 Managing yourself Reading 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册

该高中英语课件围绕“习惯的力量与自我管理”，节选《高效能人士的七个习惯》核心内容，解析习惯的定义（知识、技巧、意愿的交集）、重要性及螺旋式成长路径。课堂通过预习问题激活认知，以语篇结构分析、词汇注释、韦恩图等为支架，引导学生逐步理解文本逻辑与核心观点。 其亮点在于融合议论文文体特征（引用亚里士多德名言、类比航天器发射）、可视化图示（韦恩图呈现习惯三要素）和任务型活动（填空、翻译、小组分享好习惯），培养语言能力（语篇分析与表达）、思维品质（逻辑推理与批判性思考）。学生能提升英语综合运用能力与自我管理意识，教师可直接借助结构化资源优化教学流程。

高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册课件 Unit 1 Managing yourself Reading Page 2-5 制作者：桂东一中　李宇平 ◆ 内容分析 【What】本板块的语篇节选自美国管理学大师史蒂芬 • 柯维的畅销书《高效能人士的七个习惯》。文章论述了习惯的重要性、习惯的作用以及习惯的定义，即习惯是知识、技巧和意愿三方面的融合。文章最后指出打破坏习惯、培养好习惯的过程能够为自身带来长远的幸福，鼓励人们勇敢迈出这一步，完成自我的螺旋式上升成长。 【Why】本文通过论述习惯的重要性及其定义等信息，旨在引导我们有效利用习惯的力量，提高生活和学习等方面的效率。通过阐述习惯养成的路径，鼓励我们勇于改变，着眼于长远目标，不断走向新高度，发展和完善自我。 【How】本文的语篇类型为议论文，文章条理清晰，内容翔实，逻辑缜密，语言精炼。作者首先通过举例和引用名人名言等手段论述了习惯的重要性和作用；随后列举自身经历，并以图表为辅助向读者解释了习惯的定义，即习惯包含知识、技巧及意愿这三方面。作者在文中采用引用、举例、类比等多种写作手法，增强文章的说服力，帮助读者深入理解其观点，拉近与读者之间的距离。作者还巧妙运用斜体对一些关键词进行强调，如 what to do、how to do 等，吸引读者注意，帮助读者记住要点。文章内容紧扣社会生活，能启发读者进行自我反思，学会利用良好习惯来提升自我效能。 ◆ 教学目标 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1. identify the structure of the excerpt; 2. analyse the writing techniques of the excerpt; 3. understand the seven habits of highly effective people; 4. use quotes to support our ideas about habits; 5. learn how to develop good habits and move in an upward spiral of growth.螺旋式上升成长 move 前进；进步；进展,=progress spiral  /ˈspaɪrəl/n.逐渐加速上升(或下降) ;螺旋形,螺旋式; adj.螺旋形的,螺旋式的 v.螺旋式上升(或下降),盘旋上升(或下降) Good habits are essential for an individual to grow and develop. The excerpt below is taken from Stephen Covey’s bestselling book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. Before you read the excerpt, think about the following questions: • Why do you think habits are important to us? • What habits can help us become highly effective people? 1. Establishing good habits benefits us in various aspects of our life. Good habits help us reach our goals. For example, if our goal is to become a marathon runner,it is important that we develop the daily habit of eating correctly and doing the necessary training. Moreover, habits can also essentially determine the kind of life we can have. If we have the habit of being positive every day, no matter what the day brings, we will be better able to deal with life’s challenges. positive (about sth)积极乐观的；自信的 2. I think the following three habits can help us become highly effective people. The first is living a healthy lifestyle, which ensures we stay physically healthy. The second is practising life-long learning, which makes sure our brain gets “exercise” as it learns new things. The third is always being kind and respectful, which makes us decent human beings. These three habits can provide us with the support we need to become highly effective people. re·spect·ful /rɪˈspektfl/ 表示敬意的；尊敬的;恭敬的 de·cent /ˈdiːsnt/ (人或行为举止 ) 正派的;公平的;合乎礼节的 Being healthy physically and cognitively means we can effectively tackle the obstacles life puts before us. Being a decent human being helps us build our social and career networks, which opens the door to many opportunities throughout our life. cog·ni·tive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ adj. 认知的；感知的；认识的 tackle/ˈtækəl/v.应付，解决（难题或局面） obs·tacle to (doing) sth /ˈɒbstəkl/ 障碍(物),阻碍,绊脚石 open the door to sth.(为…提供)达到目的的手段；(为…创造)机会 The7 Habits of Highly Effective People (Excerpt) The 7 Habits—An Overview We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. 我们反复做的事造就了我们。因此，优秀不是一种行为，而是一种习惯。 —Aristotle /ˈærəstɒtl/ repeatedly/rɪˈpiːtɪdlɪ/反复地; 再三地 ex·cel·lence (in sth) /ˈeksələns/ 优秀；杰出；卓越 Our character, basically, is a composite of our habits. “Sow a thought, reap an action; sow an action, reap a habit; sow a habit, reap a character; sow a character, reap a destiny,” the maxim goes. 我们的性格本质上是由我们的习惯构成的。有句格言说：“播种思想，收获行动；播种行动，收获习惯；播种习惯，收获性格；播种性格，收获命运。” ba·sic·ally/ˈbeɪsɪkli/ 大体上,基本上;总的说来,从根本上说 composite: mixture,combination,integration,blend,mix Habits are powerful factors in our lives. Because they are consistent, often unconscious patterns, they constantly, daily, express our character and produce our effectiveness ... or ineffectiveness. 习惯是我们生活中强有力的因素。因为习惯是持续的，通常是无意识的模式，它们不断地、日复一日地表露我们的性格，创造我们的高效能……或低效能。 con·sist·ent/kənˈsɪstənt/ 一致的,始终如一的;连续的,持续的;与…一致的；相符的；符合的；不矛盾的 con·stant·ly /ˈkɒnstəntli/ 始终；一直；重复不断地 produce sth (from/out of sth)出示；展现；使出现 in·ef·fect·ive (in doing sth)无效果的,不起作用的,不奏效的 As Horace Mann, the great educator, once said, “Habits are like a cable. We weave a strand of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.” I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression. I know they can be broken. 正如伟大的教育家霍瑞斯 • 曼曾经说过的：“习惯就像一根缆绳。我们每天编织一缕，很快它就扯不断了。”我个人不同意他这些话的后半部分。我知道它们可以被打破。 Horace Mann /ˌhɒrəs ˈmæn/霍瑞斯·曼（美国教育家） per·son·al·ly  /ˈpɜːsənəli/ 就本人而言；就个人意见 expression字词; 言辞 Habits can be learned and unlearned. But I also know it isn’t a quick fix. It involves a process and a tremendous commitment. 习惯可以被学会，也可以被摒弃。但我也知道这不是一蹴而就的。这包含一个过程以及一份巨大的投入。 un·learn /ˌʌnˈlɜːn/ vt.故意忘却(尤指学到的错事或坏事),抛弃 unlearned/ʌnˈlɜːnɪd/ (人)未受过教育的 quick fix (不完善的) 应急解决办法; 权宜之计 fix  （尤指简单、暂时的）解决方法 commitment (to sb/sth)(对工作或某活动)献身,奉献,投入 Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo 11 were transfixed as we saw the first men walk on the moon and return to earth. Superlatives such as “fantastic” and “incredible” were inadequate to describe those eventful days. 我们这些观看了“阿波罗 11 号”登月之旅的人，在看到人类第一次在月球上行走并返回地球时，都惊呆了。连“极好的”和“不可思议的”这种盛赞之辞都不足以描述那段不平凡的日子。 Apollo 11 /əˈpɒləʊ/ “阿波罗 11 号”（美国宇宙飞船名） in·ad·equate /ɪnˈædɪkwət/ ~ (for sth)/ (to do sth)不充分的,不足的,不够的; (人)不胜任的,缺乏信心的 But to get there, those astronauts literally had to break out of the tremendous gravity pull of the earth. More energy was spent in the first few minutes of lift‑off, in the first few miles of travel, than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles.但为了抵达月球，那些宇航员们确实必须冲破强大的地球引力。在起飞的最初几分钟以及航行的最初几英里中消耗的能量比在之后几天内飞行五十万英里所消耗的能量还要多。 break out (of sth)逃离（某地）；摆脱（某状况） the pull (of sth)力,引力,磁力;吸引力,诱惑,影响 lift‑off(飞机)起飞，(航天器)升空/发射 Habits, too, have tremendous gravity pull—more than most people realize or would admit. Breaking deeply imbedded habitual tendencies such as procrastination, impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate basic principles of human effectiveness involves more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives. 习惯也有巨大的引力——比大多数人意识到或愿意承认的更大。要破除诸如拖延、急躁、挑剔或自私这样根深蒂固、违背效能基本原则的习惯倾向，需要的不仅仅是一点毅力和我们生活中的一些小改变。 ha·bit·ual /həˈbɪtʃuəl/ (人)习惯性的,积习很深的;惯常的；典型的;(行为)讨厌的，上瘾的 “Lift‑off” takes a tremendous effort, but once we break out of the gravity pull, our freedom takes on a whole new dimension. Like any natural force, the gravity pull can work with us or against us. The gravity pull of some of our habits may currently be keeping us from going where we want to go. “起飞”需要付出巨大的努力，然而一旦我们摆脱了引力，我们的自由就会上升到一个全新的维度。 如同任何自然力量一样，引力可以为我们助力，也能成为我们的阻力。某些习惯的引力目前可能会让我们无法到达想去的地方。 work with sb.帮助 But it is also the gravity pull that keeps our world together, that keeps the planets in their orbits and our universe in order. It is a powerful force, and if we use it effectively, we can use the gravity pull of habit to create the cohesiveness and order necessary to establish effectiveness in our lives. 但也正是引力让我们的世界成为整体，使行星保持在各自的轨道上，并使我们的宇宙维持有序。它是一种强大的力量，并且如果我们有效地利用它，就能利用习惯的引力来创造凝聚力和秩序，这两样是我们在生活中产生效能所必需的。 “Habits” Defined “习惯”的定义 For our purposes, we will define a habit as the intersection of knowledge, skill, and desire. Knowledge is the theoretical paradigm, the what to do and the why. Skill is the how to do. And desire is the motivation, the want to do. In order to make something a habit in our lives, we have to have all three. 就我们的目的而言，我们将把习惯定义为知识、技巧和意愿的集合。知识是理论范式，是做什么和为什么。技巧是如何做。而意愿是动力，是想要做。为了让某件事成为生活中的一个习惯，我们必须兼备这三点。 intersection交接,相交,交汇点,交叉 the·or·etic·al /ˌθɪəˈretɪkl/ 理论上的 want n.需要的东西,想望的东西,缺少,贫穷,贫困,匮乏 I may be ineffective in my interactions with my work associates, my spouse, or my children because I constantly tell them what I think, but I never really listen to them. Unless I search out correct principles of human interaction, I may not even know I need to listen.也许我在与同事、配偶或孩子的互动中效率低下，因为我不断地告诉他们我的想法，却从未真正倾听他们的声音。除非我找到正确的人际交往原则，否则我可能甚至不知道我需要倾听。 in·ef·fect·ive (in doing sth) /ˌɪnɪˈfektɪv/ 无效果的,不起作用的,不奏效的 as·so·ci·ate /əˈsəʊʃiət/ n.同事,伙伴 v.联想,联系;交往 adj.非正式的,准的,副的 Even if I do know that in order to interact effectively with others I really need to listen to them, I may not have the skill. I may not know how to really listen deeply to another human being.我可能并不懂得如何真正用心去倾听他人的心声。 But knowing I need to listen and knowing how to listen is not enough. Unless I want to listen, unless I have the desire, it won’t be a habit in my life. Creating a habit requires work in all three dimensions.养成一种习惯需要这三个方面的努力。 The being/seeing change is an upward process—being changes seeing, which in turn changes being, and so forth, as we move in an upward spiral of growth. 存在与认知的转变是一个螺旋上升的过程——存在改变认知，而认知反过来又会改变存在，如此循环往复，使我们在螺旋式上升的成长路径中不断前行。 being生物,存在,本质,本性,思想感情；身心 spiral  /ˈspaɪrəl/ n.逐渐加速上升（或下降） By working on knowledge, skill, and desire, we can break through to new levels of personal and interpersonal effectiveness as we break with old paradigms that may have been a source of pseudo‑security for years. 通过打磨知识、锤炼技能、坚定信念，我们能够突破自我与人际效能的新高度——同时挣脱那些多年来或许只是虚假安全感来源的旧有思维模式。 work on sth努力改善（或完成） break through作出新的重大发现,取得突破;冲破,突破;克服,战胜 break with sth和某事终止关联；破除 It’s sometimes a painful process. It’s a change that has to be motivated by a higher purpose, by the willingness to subordinate what you think you want now to what you want later. 这有时是一个痛苦的过程。这种转变必须由更高远的目标驱动——愿意为了长远所求，暂且放下当下的执念。 high高尚的；崇高的 a man of high ideals/principles 有崇高理想/道德准则的人 sub·or·din·ate sb/sth (to sb/sth) 把…置于次要地位,使从属于 But this process produces happiness, which can be defined, in part at least,as the fruit of the desire and ability to sacrifice what we want now for what we want eventually. 但这一过程终将孕育幸福，而幸福至少在某种程度上可以定义为：为了最终的向往，甘愿牺牲当下欲望的意愿与能力所结出的果实。 in part部分地；在某种程度上 sac·ri·fice sth (for sb/sth) /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/ 牺牲；献出 in·tern·al·ize /ɪnˈtɜːnəlaɪz/使(感情、态度或信仰)成为思想行为的一部分；使内在化 A. Understanding the text A1. Read the excerpt and complete the chart below. a process and a tremendous commitment create cohesiveness and order knowledge, skill, and desire an upward spiral of growth A2. Read the excerpt again carefully and answer the following questions. 1. Where does the author disagree with Horace Mann? 2. What is the similarity between launching spacecraft and breaking old habits? Horace Mann believes that habits cannot be broken, while the author thinks they can be broken. Both take a tremendous effort, but once we break out of the gravity pull, our freedom takes on a whole new dimension. 3. What does creating a habit require? 4. Why is the being/seeing change sometimes a painful process? Creating a habit requires knowledge, skill, and desire. Because it is a change that has to be motivated by a higher purpose, by the willingness to subordinate what you think you want now to what you want later. A3. In pairs, discuss the following questions. 1. How does the author illustrate the importance of habits? Use details from the excerpt to support your opinion. The author uses an analogy to compare the power of habits to the pull of the earth’s gravity on a spaceship. He writes, “Habits, too, have tremendous gravity pull ...” He likens the tremendous energy a spaceship uses to free itself from the earth’s gravity to the difficulty of breaking old habits. ana·logy/əˈnælədʒi/ 类比,比拟,比喻;类推,比拟 liken把…比作… free sb/sth/yourself (from sth)解放,使摆脱 He specifically refers to the moment of lift-off, “More energy was spent in the first few minutes of lift-off ...”, to show that breaking a habit will take a lot of willpower.He then extends the analogy to show that once we pull away from the bad habit, just like the spaceship pulls away from the earth’s gravity, our lives will become better: “... once we break out of the gravity pull, our freedom takes on a whole new dimension.” spe·cif·ic·al·ly特意,专门地;明确地,具体地;具体来说,确切地说 break out (of sth)逃离（某地）；摆脱（某状况） He goes on to state that some habits are important in our lives just like gravity is important in the universe, so we must use habits to make our lives better: “It is a powerful force, and if we use it effectively, we can use the gravity pull of habit to create the cohesiveness and order necessary to establish effectiveness in our lives.” 2. The author encourages people to always seek to change and improve by moving in an “upward spiral of growth”. How do you understand this “upward spiral of growth”? The “upward spiral of growth” means we grow through the being/seeing change,which is an upward process. During this process, we work on knowledge, skill and desire, form new habits and are positively influenced by them. In this way, our potential is activated and effectiveness is achieved. Most importantly, we must stick to the process of self-renewal in order to move in the upward spiral of growth. ac·ti·vate  /ˈæktɪveɪt/ vt.使活动；激活；使活化 self-renewal 自我恢复；自动更新 3. What good habits do you have? Share one of them with your classmates and describe how you successfully developed it. Use the author’s definition of habits to help you. A good habit I have is to write down my goals and keep track of the progress in a journal. I apply the knowledge dimension by first thinking about what I want to achieve, and why. keep/lose track of sb/sth了解/不了解…的动态,与…保持/失去联系 I apply the skill dimension by choosing a specific time to write down my goals every day. I record my feelings and further actions I may need to take. This is how I form the habit. The desire I have to form this habit comes from knowing that I want to remember my goals and commit myself to achieving them. B. Building your language Page 5 B1. Emily has found a passage explaining the seven habits put forward by Stephen Covey.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. interaction commitment sow in turn tendency excellence inadequate search out The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People is a bestseller written by Stephen Covey. In this book, he proposes that to (1) ____ the seeds of success, we should move through three stages of maturity: dependence, independence and interdependence. In order to grow and develop as we progress through this process, Covey identifies seven habits. ma·tur·ity /məˈtʃʊərəti/(人或动植物 ) 成熟,成年,完全长成 ;(思想行为、作品等)成熟 sow To move from being dependent upon others to becoming independent requires the development of three essential habits. The first of these is to be proactive. That is, we should resist the (2) ________ to wait for things to happen; instead, we should make things happen. Similarly, we must not wait for a problem to develop, but rather try to predict what the problem might be and then do something to prevent it from happening. 从依赖他人转变为独立自主，需要养成三个关键的习惯。其中首要的一点是要积极主动。也就是说，我们应当避免等待事情发生的心态，而应当主动去促成事情的发生。同样地，我们不能等到问题出现才去应对，而应当尝试预测可能出现的问题，并采取措施加以预防。 tendency The second habit is to visualize what we want to achieve so that we can think about how to go about achieving it. The third habit is to list your tasks in order of priority. Covey advises that we should make a(n) (3) ____________ to doing what we have to do before doing what we would like to do.第二个习惯是将我们想要达成的目标在脑海中清晰地呈现出来，这样我们就能思考如何去实现它。第三个习惯是按照重要程度列出你的任务。柯维建议，我们应该先承诺去做必须完成的事情，然后再去做我们想做的事情。 go about sth着手做某事;继续做某事,忙于某事;习惯于 commitment To become interdependent requires three habits that relate to the (4) ___________ with others. Firstly, we need (5) ____________ solutions which allow us as well as our associates to experience success. Secondly, we should develop the ability to listen to and empathize with others. 要实现相互依存，需要养成三项与与他人互动相关的习惯。首先，我们需要寻找既能让我们自己也能让伙伴们取得成功的解决办法。其次，我们应该培养倾听和理解他人情绪的能力。 relate to sb./sth.涉及,与…相关,谈到;能够理解并同情,了解,体恤 em·pa·thize (with sb/sth)/ˈempəθaɪz/ ( Bre also -ise)有同感；产生共鸣；表同情 interactions to search out Essentially, we must first seek to understand others so that, (6) ______, we can be understood. Thirdly, we must understand the importance of teamwork, which helps us achieve those goals that we could not achieve on our own. 从根本上说，我们首先必须努力去理解他人，这样一来，我们也能被他人理解。其次，我们必须明白团队合作的重要性，因为这有助于我们达成那些单靠个人无法实现的目标。 es·sen·tial·ly /ɪˈsenʃəli/ basically/fundamentally本质上,根本上,基本上 (all) on your own独自,单独;独立地 of your own特有的,自己的 in turn Just reaching a state of interdependence is (7) __________ —we must still continue to improve ourselves. The last habit is to sharpen the saw, which surrounds all the other habits because it is the habit that makes the others possible. 仅仅达到相互依存的状态是不够的——我们仍需不断提升自我。最后一个习惯是“磨刀”，它涵盖了其他所有的习惯，因为正是这个习惯使其他习惯成为可能。 sharp·en /ˈʃɑːpən/ v.使变锋利; 弄尖;变得清晰;(使感觉或感情)加强,加重,变得更明显;(使)提高，改善sur·round  /səˈraʊnd/ vt.与…紧密相关；围绕 inadequate It is about renewing and enhancing the greatest property we have—us. Investing in our own education is essential if we are to progress in an upward spiral and achieve continued (8) _________. 它关乎的是更新和强化我们所拥有的最宝贵的特质——我们自己。如果我们要在上升的螺旋中不断进步并保持卓越，那么投资于自身的教育就是至关重要的。 prop·erty  /ˈprɒpəti/ 性质；特性 excellence B2.The author uses quotes to explain his idea of habits. Find the quotes in the excerpt,write a short paragraph about habits and support your idea with a quote. You can use the following quotes to help you. Page 5 The unfortunate thing about this world is that good habits are so much easier to give up than bad ones. 这个世界的不幸之处在于，好的习惯比坏的习惯更容易被放弃。 —William Somerset Maugham/ˌwɪljəm ˌsʌməset ˈmɔːm/ 威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆（英国小说家、剧作家） In essence, if we want to direct our lives, we must take control of our consistent actions. It’s not what we do once in a while that shapes our lives, but what we do consistently. 从本质上讲，如果我们想要掌控自己的生活，就必须掌控自己一贯的行为。塑造我们生活的并非偶尔为之的举动，而是持续不断的行动。 —Tony Robbins /ˌtəʊni ˈrɒbɪnz/ 托尼·罗宾斯（美国演讲家、作家） direct vt. 控制，管理，统治 (every) once in a while: occasionally偶尔地；间或 shape  /ʃeɪp/ ~ A (into B)使成为…形状(或样子),塑造;决定…的形成；影响…的发展 Quotes in the excerpt: 1)We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. —Aristotle 2)As Horace Mann, the great educator, once said, “Habits are like a cable. We weave a strand of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.” William Somerset Maugham, an English writer, once said, “The unfortunate thing about this world is that good habits are so much easier to give up than bad ones.” I agree with what he says because bad habits are easy to develop and hard to break. Breaking bad habits and sticking to good ones can be a test of our willpower. Our brain is always looking for the easiest and the most rewarding way to do things, which is not necessarily good for us. It chooses actions that make us feel good, use less energy and can be done with little or even no attention. When we try to form good habits, it takes more time and energy, as well as the commitment to make a change, so people may be reluctant to do so. 它会选择那些能让我们感觉良好、耗能较少且几乎无需集中精力就能完成的行动。而当我们试图养成良好的习惯时，这需要花费更多的时间和精力，还需要有做出改变的决心，因此人们可能会不太愿意这样做。 com·mit·ment (to sb/sth)/ to do sth承诺,许诺,允诺承担,保证 re·luc·tant (to do sth)/rɪˈlʌktənt/ 不情愿的；勉强的 Workbook Exploring language Page 57 A. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. overall pursue combination reflect on essential priority interaction take on 1. Unfortunately, the greenhouse effect increases the _______ temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere. greenhouse effect温室效应 over·all /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/ 全面的；综合的；总体的 overall 2. Scientists have been investigating the complex __________ between our mind and body. 3. It’s better for you to make a list of all the things you have to do and decide what your _________ are. 4. After a long talk with her mother, Jenny was left ___________ her career choice. 在与母亲进行了长时间的交谈之后，珍妮只得独自思考自己的职业选择问题。 5. When it came to the current situation, the manager’s voice _______ a more serious tone. interaction priorities to reflect on took on 6. Whatever happens, she will continue to _______ her dream of becoming a doctor. 7. A positive attitude is _________ for anyone who wants to achieve lifelong happiness. 8. Adding spices is a brilliant way to enhance the flavour. Why not experiment with different _____________? 添加香料是提升风味的绝佳方法。何不尝试不同的搭配组合呢？ pursue essential combinations C.Translate the following sentences into English. Use the words and phrases in the brackets. Page 58 1. 最新的调查结果与之前的调查结果一致。(consistent) 2. 低碳生活对我们的星球来说至关重要。(critical) The latest result of the survey is consistent with previous ones. Living a low-carbon life is of critical importance to our planet. 3. 他们询问了我的学历、工作经验等等。(and so forth) 4. 抱负可以被定义为对成功的渴望与坚定的意志力。(define ... as ...) They asked me about my education background, work experience, and so forth. Ambition can be defined as a desire for success and having strong willpower. 5. 迈克不想错过早班车，这促使他每天早上都早起。(motivate) 6. 你应该劳逸结合，不然你会把自己累垮的。(burn oneself out) Mike doesn’t want to miss the early bus, which motivates him to get up early every morning. You should strike a work-life balance, otherwise you will burn yourself out. strike a balance (between A and B)(在对立二者之间)找到折中办法;平衡(对立的双方) 7. 读书占用了他大部分的业余时间。(take up) 8. 我突然想到，他应该是完成这个任务的最佳人选。(it occurs to sb that ...) Reading takes up much of his spare time. It occurred to me that he would be the best person to accomplish this task. D.Fill in the blanks with proper words or the correct forms of the words in the brackets. Habits have enormous power over our lives. But how are they developed? This has something to do (1) ____ our brain activities. When we learn to do something for the first time, we have to (2) __________ (conscious) think about it. During this stage, a certain part of the brain makes a decision (3) _________ (perform) and concentrate on this task. concentrate on sth集中时间做某事 with consciously to perform Then, another part of the brain responds to the decision, instructs our body (4) ________(make) the relevant movements, and memorizes the movement pattern. The brain enjoys a reward when the task (5) ____________ (complete). As we repeat this process, the brain works less, which (6) ______(mean) we no longer have to consciously think about how to do it. Thus the task gradually becomes automatic—in other words, a habit. mem·or·ize /ˈmeməraɪz/ ( Bre also -ise)记忆,记住 auto·mat·ic /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/ 无意识的;不假思索的;自动的 to make is completed means (7) _____ drives us to perform habitual actions, then? The answer is triggers. The brain can respond to triggers within a few hundred milliseconds and kick off a habitual behaviour. There are thousands of such triggers in our lives. 那么，是什么促使我们做出习惯性的行为呢？答案是触发因素。大脑在短短几百毫秒内就能对触发因素做出反应，并启动习惯性行为。在我们的生活中，这样的触发因素有成千上万个。 trigger (for sth)/ (to sth/to do sth)/ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ (尤指引发不良反应或发展的)起因,诱因;引发…的原因 milli- /ˈmɪli/ (构成名词，用于计量单位)千分之一 milli·sec·ond /ˈmɪlisekənd/ 毫秒；千分之一秒 kick off(足球比赛等)开球，开始 What For example, when we wake up, we get up and start the day. In this case, the trigger is (8) _______ (wake) up. Bad habits are kicked off by triggers too. Procrastination is one of the habitual (9) _________ (respond) to stress: when faced with a difficult task, some people simply start doing something else to avoid it. Habits, especially the bad ones, are usually hard to break, (10) ____ once we know the triggers behind them, we can try to change our behaviour. waking responses but $