内容正文:
专题03单项选择之非谓语动词
目录
第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴,掌握全局
第二部分 考向破译 微观解剖,精细教学
典例引领 方法透视 变式演练
考向01 非谓语作主语的用法;
考向02 非谓语作表语的用法;
考向03 非谓语作宾语的用法;
考向04 非谓语作定语的用法;
考向05 非谓语作状语的用法;
考向06 非谓语作补语的用法;
第三部分 综合巩固 整合应用,模拟实战
题型简介
近年来,高考天津卷在非谓语动词的考查上已全面覆盖了其各个方面,尤其注重考查非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的主动或被动关系,以及相应的逻辑关系。高考天津卷着重考查考生在特定语境下对非谓语动词的句法功能与基本用法的分析与辨别能力。考生需在分析句子结构的基础上,准确判断非谓语动词所担任的句法角色(如状语、定语、补语、主语等),并关注其时态性和语态性。
命题方式
解题思路
近年来,高考天津卷在非谓语动词的考查上已全面覆盖了其各个方面,尤其注重考查非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的主动或被动关系,以及相应的逻辑关系。考生在日常学习中,不仅要注重在非谓语动词的句法功能和基本用法上下功夫,还要在分析和理解句子、段落乃至整篇语篇的基础上,时刻关注非谓语动词的时态性、语态性,以及其与其他语法项目的综合考查现象。通过这样的学习方式,考生可以更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法,从而提升解题能力。
考向01 非谓语动词作主语的用法
【例1-1】(2025·天津·二模)________ about different customs in the cultural exchange programs helps students respect diversity.
A.Learn B.Learned C.Learning D.Having learned
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在文化交流项目中学习不同的风俗习惯有助于学生尊重多样性。本句已有谓语动词,所以learn用非谓语形式,本句缺少主语,应该用动名词。故选C项。
【例1-2】(2025·天津河东·二模)It is said that ______ hometown products through live streaming helps many villagers become richer than before.
A.being sold B.sell C.selling D.having been sold
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:据说通过直播销售家乡产品帮助许多村民比以前更富有了。“(sell) hometown products through live streaming”在主语从句中作主语,用动名词selling作主语。故选C项。
【变式1-1】(2025·天津·二模)________ about different customs in the cultural exchange programs helps students respect diversity.
A.Learn B.Learned C.Learning D.Having learned
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在文化交流项目中学习不同的风俗习惯有助于学生尊重多样性。本句已有谓语动词,所以learn用非谓语形式,本句缺少主语,应该用动名词。故选C项。
【变式1-2】(2024·天津和平·二模)Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival.
A.Prepared B.Having prepared C.Prepare D.Being prepared
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当灾难发生时,很多人都不知道该做什么。做好准备是提高生存几率的最佳方法。“_______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival.”中is之前的部分应为句子的主语,因此需要使用动名词形式或动名词短语作主语。prepare“准备”,be prepared“准备妥当”。选项A为过去式或过去分词,不可作主语;选项B为动名词的完成式,强调“准备”的动作先于谓语动作发生,但此处未明确表达此时间关系;选项C为动词原形,不能直接作主语;选项D为动名词的一般式,符合语法要求,表示“处于准备状态”的概念,适合充当句子主语。故选D。
第一步:看成分。
第二步:查固定搭配与句型
有些句型或词语固定接不定式或动名词作主语,需要记忆。
1. 常用 It is + adj. + to do... (不定式) 的形容词:
· 描述事物的性质:important, necessary, difficult, easy, possible, impossible, hard, fun, interesting 等。
· 公式:It is adj. (for/of sb) to do sth.
2. 常用 It is + n. + to do... (不定式) 的名词:
3. 常用 It is no use/good/fun + doing... (动名词) 的句型:· 表示“做某事没有用/好处/乐趣”。
4. There is no + doing... (动名词) 句型: 表示“不可能做某事”
考向02 非谓语动词作表语的用法
【例2-1】(2025·天津·二模)As a cross-border doctor, my primary mission was ________ all those African patients.
A.to save B.being saved C.save D.to be saved
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名跨境医生,我的首要任务是拯救所有非洲病人。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语是my primary mission,was是系动词,后面需要用不定式作表语来补充说明主语的内容。逻辑主语与save之间为主动关系,所以用不定式的主动形式。故选A。
【例2-2】(2023·天津南开·一模)Last April, thousands of holidaymakers remained________ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A.sticking B.stuck C.to be stuck D.to have stuck
【答案】B
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:去年四月,由于火山灰层,成千上万的游客滞留在国外。本句已有谓语remained且无连词,动词stick (滞留)用非谓语形式,逻辑主语holidaymakers与动词stick是动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作表语,表状态,故选B。
【变式2-1】(2023·天津南开·一模)Given that the theme of the Expo was________ cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation, Dunhuang was the ideal place.
A.to promote B.having promoted
C.to be promoted D.promoted
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:考虑到世博会的主题是促进文化交流和加强相互合作,敦煌是一个理想的地方。此处说明theme的内容用不定式作表语,且主语the theme of the Expo与promote是逻辑主动关系,故选A。
考向03 非谓语动词作宾语的用法
【例3-1】(2025·天津和平·三模)As a foreigner here, she is not accustomed to ______ like this in public.
A.treat B.treating C.being treated D.be treated
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为这里的一个外国人,她不习惯在公共场合被这样对待。be accustomed to doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“习惯于做某事”,其中to为介词,后接动名词形式作宾语;由句意可知,treat和句子主语she之间是被动关系,所以应用动名词的被动形式。故选C项。
【例3-2】(2025·天津红桥·一模)During our holidays, we should avoid ________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning.
A.staying B.to stay C.stayed D.stay
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在假期,我们应该避免晚上熬夜和早晨睡过头。此处是固定搭配:avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”,动名词作avoid的宾语。故选A。
表语用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份。
判断步骤:
1. 看主语与动词的关系:
· 主语是 “物” 或 “事”,且能 发出 这个动作,用 现在分词 (doing)
· 主语是 “人” 或表“感受”的名词,且 承受 这个动作,用 过去分词 (done)
2. 区分“动名词表语”和“现在分词表语”:
· 动名词表语:说明主语的 内容或等同关系(常可与主语互换位置)。
· 现在分词表语:说明主语的 性质或特征(不能与主语互换),已形容词化。
宾语是动作的承受者,关键看前面的谓语动词。
判断步骤:
1. 牢记“只接动名词 (doing) 作宾语”的常见动词/短语:
· 核心动词/短语:mind, miss, practice, enjoy, suggest, consider, admit, delay, avoid, finish, deny, imagine, risk, can’t help, give up, put off等。
2. 牢记“只接不定式 (to do) 作宾语”的常见动词:
· 核心动词:hope, decide, learn, refuse, agree, plan, pretend, choose, help (可接do/to do), offer, prepare, demand, ask, dare等。
3. 介词后的宾语一律用动名词 (doing):
4. “疑问词 + 不定式 (wh- + to do)” 作宾语:常用在know, decide, tell, show, wonder等动词后。
【变式3-1】(2025·天津宝坻·二模)The principal emphasized the importance of ________ cultural differences when organizing international exchange programs.
A.being respected B.respected
C.to respect D.respecting
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:校长强调在组织国际交流项目时,尊重文化差异的重要性。作介词of的宾语,respect用动名词形式。故选D。
考向04 非谓语动词作定语的用法
【例4-1】(2024·天津·高考真题)From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places.
A.to discover B.to be discovering
C.to be discovered D.to have discovered
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从第一批探险者到今天的旅行者,人类一直抱有发现新领域的渴望。discover意为“发现”,与句子主语humans构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应用to discover作desire的后置定语。故选A。
【例4-2】(2023·天津·高考真题)The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China.
A.originating B.originated
C.being originated D.having originated
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:故宫博物院收藏了世界上最精美的钟表,主要来自欧洲和中国。句中有谓语has,前后无连词,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰fine clocks,且动词originate(源于)和fine clocks是主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语,故选A。
解|题|技|巧
主动、进行 → 现在分词 (a sleeping baby)
被动、完成 → 过去分词 (a broken window)
将来 → 不定式(a project to start next month)
【变式4-1】(2025·天津·二模)Paper cutting, ________ over centuries in China, is time-honored and has a glorious history.
A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.to develop
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:剪纸在中国已经发展了几个世纪,历史悠久,有着辉煌的历史。句中已有谓语动词,空处应用非谓语动词形式,develop与其逻辑主语Paper cutting之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式作定语,且结合时间状语over centuries可知,该动作发生在谓语动词之前,应用现在分词的完成式having done。故填having developed。
【变式4-2】(2025·天津河北·二模)We’d better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest _________ in Beijing soon.
A.held B.to hold C.being held D.to be held
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们最好推迟采访这位运动员,因为他正忙于准备一场不久后将在北京举行的国际比赛。根据句意和句子结构可知,for后的原因状语从句的谓语动词是is,空格处是非谓语动词,hold与contest之间是被动关系,此处需要表示“将要被举行的国际比赛”,所以应该用不定式的被动形式to be held作后置定语,修饰名词短语an international contest。故选D。
考向05 非谓语动词作状语的用法
【例5-1】(2024·天津·高考真题)The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.
A.disappointing B.to disappoint
C.having disappointed D.disappointed
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于突然的雷暴天气,组织者不得不取消了户外音乐会,使得等待了几个小时的粉丝们非常失望。此处作状语,表示“自然而然的结果”,户外音乐会的取消让粉丝们失望,故应用现在分词作结果状语,故选A。
【例5-2】(2023·天津·高考真题)_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
A.Trying B.Tried
C.Having tried D.Having been tried
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在两个月的时间里,这位工程师对设计尝试了几次调整,最终成功地构建了一个高效的系统。本句谓语为succeeded,此处应用非谓语动词,逻辑主语the engineer与try“尝试”为主动关系,且此处强调动作try发生在谓语succeeded之前,应用现在分词的完成式having tried,作状语。故选C。
解|题|技|巧
判关系:主语与非谓语动词是主动(V-ing)还是被动(V-ed)关系。
看时间:动作与谓语同时/进行(V-ing),还是先完成/状态(V-ed),或表目的/意外结果(to do)。
记特殊:固定搭配和独立主格需单独记忆。
主动-ing,被动-ed,目的未来用to do。
【变式5-1】(2024·天津南开·一模)Kathy reached the company out of breath only ________ she was fired.
A.told B.to be told C.being told D.having told
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:凯西上气不接下气地赶到公司,却被告知她被解雇了。此处为only to do sth.,不定式作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果,且tell与Kathy构成被动关系,故用to be done形式。故选B。
【变式5-2】(2025·天津·二模)________ the construction plan before the deadline, the team has been working extra hours since last month.
A.Completing B.Having completed C.To have completed D.To complete
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了在最后期限前完成建设计划,这个团队从上个月开始就一直在加班。本句已有谓语动词,所以complete用非谓语形式,根据句意,此处表目的,用不定式作目的状语。故选D项。
考向06 非谓语动词作补语的用法
【例6-1】(2025·天津·高考真题)With robots various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency.
A.to perform B.to be performed C.performing D.being performed
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着机器人执行各种工业任务,工厂提高了生产效率。这是一个 “with + 宾语 + 宾补”的复合结构,在句中作原因或伴随状语。perform(执行)在with复合结构中作宾语补足语,用非谓语形式,与其逻辑主语robots之间是主动关系,且该动作与主句谓语“have increased” 同时发生,表示一种持续或进行的状态,应用现在分词表主动。故选C项。
【例6-2】(2025·天津·二模)According to online travel platform Fliggy, international travel soared during the May Day holiday, with orders of outbound cruise package ________ by close to 150%.
A.rising B.risen C.arisen D.arising
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:据在线旅游平台飞猪的数据,五一假期期间国际旅游需求大幅增长,出境游船套餐的订单量增长了近 150%。此处表示增长,短语为rise by,且与orders构成主动关系,故用现在分词形式。故选A。
解|题|技|巧
第一步:判关系(主/被动)
问自己:“宾语”和“非谓语动词”之间是什么逻辑关系?
如果宾语自己发出动作 → 主动关系 → 排除 V-ed (过去分词) 和 being V-ed。
如果宾语承受动作 → 被动关系 → 排除 V-ing (现在分词) 和 to do。
第二步:定时态(进行/完成/将来)
问自己:“非谓语动词表示的动作”和“主句谓语动作”的时间先后关系是什么?
如果动作正在进行/同时发生 → 用 V-ing。
如果动作已经完成/强调被动状态 → 用 V-ed。
如果动作还未发生/表示目的 → 用 to do。
【变式6-1】(24-25高三上·天津河北·期末)With each classroom ______ the computer and Internet access, teachers can share teaching resources in class.
A.to equip with B.equipping with C.equipped with D.being equipped with
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:每个教室都配备了电脑和网络接入,教师们可以在课堂上共享教学资源。本句为“with +宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,宾语each classroom与equip with之间是被动关系,表示“每个教室被配备”,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C。
【变式6-2】(2025·天津滨海新·三模)When it comes to AI application in healthcare, we can see intelligence systems ______ patients for precise monitoring.
A.being tracked B.tracked C.tracking D.to track
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当谈到人工智能在医疗保健中的应用时,我们可以看到智能系统跟踪患者进行精确监控。句中谓语是can see,空格处用非谓语动词,systems和track之间是主谓关系,因此用现在分词表主动,作宾语补足语,故选C。
1.(2025·天津·二模)As a cross-border doctor, my primary mission was ________ all those African patients.
A.to save B.being saved C.save D.to be saved
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名跨境医生,我的首要任务是拯救所有非洲病人。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语是my primary mission,was是系动词,后面需要用不定式作表语来补充说明主语的内容。逻辑主语与save之间为主动关系,所以用不定式的主动形式。故选A。
2.(2025·天津·模拟预测)It is so cold here in winter that the locals are said ________ their cars running all day for fear of not being able to restart them.
A.to leave B.leaving C.having left D.to have left
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这里的冬天非常寒冷,据说当地人整天让车保持发动状态,以免无法重新启动。“be said to do”是固定搭配,表示与谓语动作同时发生或习惯性行为,符合语境。故选A项。
3.(2025·天津北辰·三模)The new technology in the movie Ne Zha II is so amazing that it makes the characters ________ vividly on the screen.
A.to come B.come C.coming D.came
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:电影《哪吒2》中的新技术如此惊人,以至于让角色在屏幕上栩栩如生。从句谓语为makes,本空为非谓语动词,make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。本空用省略to的不定式come,作宾补。故选B。
4.(2025·天津和平·二模)She was furious when she found her younger sister ________ on her clothes.
A.try B.being tried C.having tried D.trying
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当她发现妹妹在试穿她的衣服时,她大发雷霆。空处是宾补,try和宾语her younger sister之间是主动关系,且表示动作正在进行,应用现在分词作宾补,故选D。
5.(2025·天津·三模)______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human-bodies.
A.Exposed B.To expose C.Being exposed D.Having been exposed
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:暴露在核辐射中,即使是很短的时间,也可能影响人体内的基因。分析句子结构可知,句中缺少主语,所以用动名词作主语。结合句意可知,表示“被暴露”,所以用动名词的被动形式。故选C。
6.(2025·天津·一模)_____ his goal of winning a gold medal, the athlete trained hard every day, waking up early and running for miles.
A.Achieving B.Achieved C.To achieve D.Being achieved
【答案】C
【详解】考查不定式。句意:为了实现赢得金牌的目标,这位运动员每天都刻苦训练,早起跑几英里。由“his goal of winning a gold medal, the athlete trained hard every day, waking up early and running for miles”可知,句子表示“为了实现赢得金牌的目标,这位运动员每天都刻苦训练,早起跑几英里”,空格处用不定式表目的,故选C。
7.(2025·天津·模拟预测)Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals ___________ people feel better.
A.to have made B.to make C.making D.having made
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:科学研究表明,笑能产生化学物质,让人感觉更好。本句已有谓语动词produces,所以make用非谓语形式,此处表目的,应用不定式作目的状语。故选B项。
8.(25-26高三上·天津河北·期中)_________ to an ancient wisdom whispered on the wind, Dr. Jane Goodall made the wild her home and her laboratory.
A.Drawn B.To draw C.Having drawn D.To be drawn
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语。句意:受风中低语的古老智慧所吸引,珍・古道尔博士将这片荒野变成了她的家园和实验室。分析句子结构可知,这里考查非谓语,主句主语Dr. Jane Goodall与draw是逻辑上的被动关系,且“被吸引”的动作发生在“把荒野当家和实验室”之前,过去分词Drawn既表被动也表完成,符合语境。故选A项。
9.(2025·天津宝坻·二模)The principal emphasized the importance of ________ cultural differences when organizing international exchange programs.
A.being respected B.respected
C.to respect D.respecting
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:校长强调在组织国际交流项目时,尊重文化差异的重要性。作介词of的宾语,respect用动名词形式。故选D。
句中为非谓语,动词base与其逻辑主语The activity构成被动关系,故用过去分词形式作后置定语。故选B。
10.(25-26高三上·天津南开·期中)________ the last bus, the girl had no choice but to ask her father to pick her up at the bus stop.
A.Having missed B.Missing C.Missed D.To miss
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于错过了末班车,这个女孩别无选择,只能让她的父亲到公交站接她。空处需填非谓语动词作状语,此处“错过末班车” 发生在 “不得不让父亲来接” 之前,需用现在分词的完成式表 “先于主句动作的主动动作”。故选A。
11.(25-26高三上·天津河北·期中)_________ vast amounts of data with artificial intelligence, scientists are now able to discover patterns inaccessible to the human mind.
A.Analyzed B.Being analyzed C.To analyze D.Having analyzed
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:通过运用人工智能对大量数据进行分析,科学家们如今能够发现人类大脑无法察觉的模式。句子中逗号前为非谓语动词短语作时间状语,analyze与其逻辑主语scientists之间是主动关系,且“分析数据”的动作发生在“得出结论”之前,需用现在分词的完成式,having analyzed符合语法规则与语境。故选D项。
12.(2025·天津·模拟预测)So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people ______.
A.reported injured B.reported injuring C.reporting injured D.reporting injuring
【答案】A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,大约40所房子被大雪压塌了,报道称有22人受伤。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾补”的复合结构,其中“22 people”为宾语,空处为宾语补足语,对宾语“22 people”进行补充说明,根据句意可知,“22 people”与“report”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,即“22人被报道”,所以此处应用过去分词形式表被动;“injured”为形容词,意为“受伤的”,是对“22 people”的状态进行补充说明,因此“reported injured”表示“被报道受伤”,符合语意语法。故选A项。
13.(2024·天津·二模)A variety of applications with filters ________ in allow users to soften wrinkles or adjust the size and shape of their facial features.
A.to build B.building C.built D.having been built
【答案】C
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:各种内置滤镜的应用程序允许用户软化皱纹或调整面部特征的大小和形状。设空处为with的宾语补足语,和宾语 filters之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,构成with的复合结构,故选C。
14.(2025·天津河北·一模)The YangBOT program at the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala, _________ thousands of “likes” and lots of good comments from the public online, is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress and cultural pride.
A.drawn B.having drawn C.to draw D.having been drawn
【答案】B
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:2025年中央电视台春节联欢晚会(CCTV Spring Festival Gala)上的《秧BOT》节目,在网络上收获了数千个“点赞”以及众多公众的好评,完美融合了中国的技术进步与文化自豪。句中谓语是is,空格处用非谓语动词,The YangBOT program和draw之间是逻辑主谓关系,且动作已完成,因此空格处用现在分词的完成式having drawn,作状语。故选B。
15.(2025·天津南开·一模)Medical research suggests that consuming dark chocolate releases certain compounds in the brain ______ people to experience a sense of pleasure and relaxation.
A.to have caused B.having caused C.causing D.caused
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:医学研究表明,食用黑巧克力会在大脑中释放某些化合物,使人们体验到愉悦和放松的感觉。that引导的宾语从句中已有谓语releases,空处作非谓语动词,cause与逻辑主语compounds之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式表示主动意义。故选C项。
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专题03单项选择之非谓语动词
目录
第一部分 题型解码 高屋建瓴,掌握全局
第二部分 考向破译 微观解剖,精细教学
典例引领 方法透视 变式演练
考向01 非谓语作主语的用法;
考向02 非谓语作表语的用法;
考向03 非谓语作宾语的用法;
考向04 非谓语作定语的用法;
考向05 非谓语作状语的用法;
考向06 非谓语作补语的用法;
第三部分 综合巩固 整合应用,模拟实战
题型简介
近年来,高考天津卷在非谓语动词的考查上已全面覆盖了其各个方面,尤其注重考查非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的主动或被动关系,以及相应的逻辑关系。高考天津卷着重考查考生在特定语境下对非谓语动词的句法功能与基本用法的分析与辨别能力。考生需在分析句子结构的基础上,准确判断非谓语动词所担任的句法角色(如状语、定语、补语、主语等),并关注其时态性和语态性。
命题方式
解题思路
近年来,高考天津卷在非谓语动词的考查上已全面覆盖了其各个方面,尤其注重考查非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的主动或被动关系,以及相应的逻辑关系。考生在日常学习中,不仅要注重在非谓语动词的句法功能和基本用法上下功夫,还要在分析和理解句子、段落乃至整篇语篇的基础上,时刻关注非谓语动词的时态性、语态性,以及其与其他语法项目的综合考查现象。通过这样的学习方式,考生可以更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法,从而提升解题能力。
考向01 非谓语动词作主语的用法
【例1-1】(2025·天津·二模)________ about different customs in the cultural exchange programs helps students respect diversity.
A.Learn B.Learned C.Learning D.Having learned
【例1-2】(2025·天津河东·二模)It is said that ______ hometown products through live streaming helps many villagers become richer than before.
A.being sold B.sell C.selling D.having been sold
【变式1-1】(2025·天津·二模)________ about different customs in the cultural exchange programs helps students respect diversity.
A.Learn B.Learned C.Learning D.Having learned
【变式1-2】(2024·天津和平·二模)Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival.
A.Prepared B.Having prepared C.Prepare D.Being prepared
第一步:看成分。
第二步:查固定搭配与句型
有些句型或词语固定接不定式或动名词作主语,需要记忆。
1. 常用 It is + adj. + to do... (不定式) 的形容词:
· 描述事物的性质:important, necessary, difficult, easy, possible, impossible, hard, fun, interesting 等。
· 公式:It is adj. (for/of sb) to do sth.
2. 常用 It is + n. + to do... (不定式) 的名词:
3. 常用 It is no use/good/fun + doing... (动名词) 的句型:· 表示“做某事没有用/好处/乐趣”。
4. There is no + doing... (动名词) 句型: 表示“不可能做某事”
考向02 非谓语动词作表语的用法
【例2-1】(2025·天津·二模)As a cross-border doctor, my primary mission was ________ all those African patients.
A.to save B.being saved C.save D.to be saved
【例2-2】(2023·天津南开·一模)Last April, thousands of holidaymakers remained________ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A.sticking B.stuck C.to be stuck D.to have stuck
【变式2-1】(2023·天津南开·一模)Given that the theme of the Expo was________ cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation, Dunhuang was the ideal place.
A.to promote B.having promoted
C.to be promoted D.promoted
考向03 非谓语动词作宾语的用法
【例3-1】(2025·天津和平·三模)As a foreigner here, she is not accustomed to ______ like this in public.
A.treat B.treating C.being treated D.be treated
【例3-2】(2025·天津红桥·一模)During our holidays, we should avoid ________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning.
A.staying B.to stay C.stayed D.stay
表语用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份。
判断步骤:
1. 看主语与动词的关系:
· 主语是 “物” 或 “事”,且能 发出 这个动作,用 现在分词 (doing)
· 主语是 “人” 或表“感受”的名词,且 承受 这个动作,用 过去分词 (done)
2. 区分“动名词表语”和“现在分词表语”:
· 动名词表语:说明主语的 内容或等同关系(常可与主语互换位置)。
· 现在分词表语:说明主语的 性质或特征(不能与主语互换),已形容词化。
宾语是动作的承受者,关键看前面的谓语动词。
判断步骤:
1. 牢记“只接动名词 (doing) 作宾语”的常见动词/短语:
· 核心动词/短语:mind, miss, practice, enjoy, suggest, consider, admit, delay, avoid, finish, deny, imagine, risk, can’t help, give up, put off等。
2. 牢记“只接不定式 (to do) 作宾语”的常见动词:
· 核心动词:hope, decide, learn, refuse, agree, plan, pretend, choose, help (可接do/to do), offer, prepare, demand, ask, dare等。
3. 介词后的宾语一律用动名词 (doing):
4. “疑问词 + 不定式 (wh- + to do)” 作宾语:常用在know, decide, tell, show, wonder等动词后。
【变式3-1】(2025·天津宝坻·二模)The principal emphasized the importance of ________ cultural differences when organizing international exchange programs.
A.being respected B.respected
C.to respect D.respecting
考向04 非谓语动词作定语的用法
【例4-1】(2024·天津·高考真题)From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places.
A.to discover B.to be discovering
C.to be discovered D.to have discovered
【例4-2】(2023·天津·高考真题)The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China.
A.originating B.originated
C.being originated D.having originated
解|题|技|巧
主动、进行 → 现在分词 (a sleeping baby)
被动、完成 → 过去分词 (a broken window)
将来 → 不定式(a project to start next month)
【变式4-1】(2025·天津·二模)Paper cutting, ________ over centuries in China, is time-honored and has a glorious history.
A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.to develop
【变式4-2】(2025·天津河北·二模)We’d better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest _________ in Beijing soon.
A.held B.to hold C.being held D.to be held
考向05 非谓语动词作状语的用法
【例5-1】(2024·天津·高考真题)The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, _________ many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.
A.disappointing B.to disappoint
C.having disappointed D.disappointed
【例5-2】(2023·天津·高考真题)_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
A.Trying B.Tried
C.Having tried D.Having been tried
解|题|技|巧
判关系:主语与非谓语动词是主动(V-ing)还是被动(V-ed)关系。
看时间:动作与谓语同时/进行(V-ing),还是先完成/状态(V-ed),或表目的/意外结果(to do)。
记特殊:固定搭配和独立主格需单独记忆。
主动-ing,被动-ed,目的未来用to do。
【变式5-1】(2024·天津南开·一模)Kathy reached the company out of breath only ________ she was fired.
A.told B.to be told C.being told D.having told
【变式5-2】(2025·天津·二模)________ the construction plan before the deadline, the team has been working extra hours since last month.
A.Completing B.Having completed C.To have completed D.To complete
考向06 非谓语动词作补语的用法
【例6-1】(2025·天津·高考真题)With robots various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency.
A.to perform B.to be performed C.performing D.being performed
【例6-2】(2025·天津·二模)According to online travel platform Fliggy, international travel soared during the May Day holiday, with orders of outbound cruise package ________ by close to 150%.
A.rising B.risen C.arisen D.arising
解|题|技|巧
第一步:判关系(主/被动)
问自己:“宾语”和“非谓语动词”之间是什么逻辑关系?
如果宾语自己发出动作 → 主动关系 → 排除 V-ed (过去分词) 和 being V-ed。
如果宾语承受动作 → 被动关系 → 排除 V-ing (现在分词) 和 to do。
第二步:定时态(进行/完成/将来)
问自己:“非谓语动词表示的动作”和“主句谓语动作”的时间先后关系是什么?
如果动作正在进行/同时发生 → 用 V-ing。
如果动作已经完成/强调被动状态 → 用 V-ed。
如果动作还未发生/表示目的 → 用 to do。
【变式6-1】(24-25高三上·天津河北·期末)With each classroom ______ the computer and Internet access, teachers can share teaching resources in class.
A.to equip with B.equipping with C.equipped with D.being equipped with
【变式6-2】(2025·天津滨海新·三模)When it comes to AI application in healthcare, we can see intelligence systems ______ patients for precise monitoring.
A.being tracked B.tracked C.tracking D.to track
1.(2025·天津·二模)As a cross-border doctor, my primary mission was ________ all those African patients.
A.to save B.being saved C.save D.to be saved
2.(2025·天津·模拟预测)It is so cold here in winter that the locals are said ________ their cars running all day for fear of not being able to restart them.
A.to leave B.leaving C.having left D.to have left
3.(2025·天津北辰·三模)The new technology in the movie Ne Zha II is so amazing that it makes the characters ________ vividly on the screen.
A.to come B.come C.coming D.came
4.(2025·天津和平·二模)She was furious when she found her younger sister ________ on her clothes.
A.try B.being tried C.having tried D.trying
5.(2025·天津·三模)______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human-bodies.
A.Exposed B.To expose C.Being exposed D.Having been exposed
6.(2025·天津·一模)_____ his goal of winning a gold medal, the athlete trained hard every day, waking up early and running for miles.
A.Achieving B.Achieved C.To achieve D.Being achieved
7.(2025·天津·模拟预测)Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals ___________ people feel better.
A.to have made B.to make C.making D.having made
8.(25-26高三上·天津河北·期中)_________ to an ancient wisdom whispered on the wind, Dr. Jane Goodall made the wild her home and her laboratory.
A.Drawn B.To draw C.Having drawn D.To be drawn
9.(2025·天津宝坻·二模)The principal emphasized the importance of ________ cultural differences when organizing international exchange programs.
A.being respected B.respected
C.to respect D.respecting
10.(25-26高三上·天津南开·期中)________ the last bus, the girl had no choice but to ask her father to pick her up at the bus stop.
A.Having missed B.Missing C.Missed D.To miss
11.(25-26高三上·天津河北·期中)_________ vast amounts of data with artificial intelligence, scientists are now able to discover patterns inaccessible to the human mind.
A.Analyzed B.Being analyzed C.To analyze D.Having analyzed
12.(2025·天津·模拟预测)So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people ______.
A.reported injured B.reported injuring C.reporting injured D.reporting injuring
13.(2024·天津·二模)A variety of applications with filters ________ in allow users to soften wrinkles or adjust the size and shape of their facial features.
A.to build B.building C.built D.having been built
14.(2025·天津河北·一模)The YangBOT program at the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala, _________ thousands of “likes” and lots of good comments from the public online, is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress and cultural pride.
A.drawn B.having drawn C.to draw D.having been drawn
15.(2025·天津南开·一模)Medical research suggests that consuming dark chocolate releases certain compounds in the brain ______ people to experience a sense of pleasure and relaxation.
A.to have caused B.having caused C.causing D.caused
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