Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦科学价值探讨与霍乱研究案例两大核心内容，系统梳理科学的应用价值、智力享受、怀疑精神三个维度，以及约翰·斯诺从发现霍乱问题到验证水源污染原因的探究过程。通过词汇拓展（如frustrated、blame）、句型解析（not until倒装、so...that结构）、情绪与决心句提取等学习支架，帮助学生构建从文本理解到语言运用的知识链。 该资料突出语言能力与思维品质的融合培养，通过核心词汇的语境化练习（如suspect的用法）提升语言运用能力，借助分析科学家探究过程（约翰·斯诺的怀疑与验证）发展批判性思维。课中助力教师引导文本深层解读，课后学生可利用即时训练和词汇句型总结巩固知识，有效弥补理解盲点。

[对应学生用书P1] [对应学生用书P1] The Value of Science Put another way，what is the value of the science I had long devoted myself to—the thing I had loved—when I saw what terrible things it could do? It was a question I had to answer.I thought long and hard about this question，and I will try to answer it in this talk. The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone：scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. Of course，if we make good things，it is not only to the credit1 of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work. Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it. Such power has obvious value—even though the power may be negated by what one does with it. Another value of science is the intellectual2 enjoyment it can provide us with. When we look at any question deeply enough，we feel the excitement and mystery coming to us again and again. With more knowledge comes a deeper，more wonderful mystery，inspiring one to look deeper still. Never concerned that the answer may let us down3，with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries，inspiring one to look deeper still.... I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance4 and doubt and uncertainty，and this experience is of very great importance. When he has an idea as to5 what the result is，he is uncertain. And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be，he is still in some doubt. Now，we scientists take it for granted6 that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. But our freedom to doubt was born out of a deep and strong struggle against authority7 in the early days of science. In order to progress，we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure. It is our responsibility as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare8 the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations. (节选自译林版新教材必修第三册Unit 4) 1．credit n.赞扬，认可；信用vt.存入金额；把……归于 2．intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n.知识分子，脑力劳动者 3．let sb down使某人失望 4．ignorance n.无知 5．as to关于；至于 6．take it for granted 想当然地认为；认为……理所当然 7．authority n.权威，权力；官方 8．declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking [对应学生用书P2] 1．Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks. 2．What's the main idea of the passage? A．How John Snow found the cause of cholera and defeated it. B．The cause of cholera was polluted water. C．The source of all drinking water should be examined. D．John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 答案　A Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in? A．Bad air caused the disease. B．People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals. C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger. D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean. 2．What was the key to help for John Snow's discovery? A．The government. B．The water company. C．The map made by himself. D．The woman who had moved away from Broad Street. 3．How was “King Cholera” controlled at last? A．By using medicines in hospital. B．By driving patients out of the country. C．By dealing with the polluted water. D．By getting rid of all kinds of pollution. 4．Where does this text probably come from? A．A newspaper. B．A medical report. C．A book review. D．A TV interview. 答案　1～4　BCCA 1．Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the mood of sadness.(细读短文并找出描写悲伤心理的句子) As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 2．Read the passage carefully and find the sentence to show determination.(细读短文并找出表达决心的句子) (1)However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. (2)He was determined to find out why. [核心词汇·练透] [对应学生用书P3] frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 (1)be frustrated at/with...　对……感到沮丧/懊恼 (2)frustrate vt.　挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心 frustrating adj.　令人沮丧的 frustration n.　挫折 with frustration　失望地 [经典佳句]　As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I was frustrated at my poor performance in the contest and tears of frustration welled up in my eyes.(frustrate)(读后续写之心理描写) ②I sincerely hope that your trip won't be so frustrating (frustrate) because of transportation. ③ Frustrated and disappointed，I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness.(读后续写之心理描写) 既沮丧又失望，我感觉我被扔进了一个无尽的黑暗世界之中。 subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) (1)subscribe to 　同意，赞同；订购；捐款 subscribe...to...　在……上签署……；向……捐…… (2)subscriber n.　订阅人，订购者；定期捐款者 [经典佳句]　The question is whether your parents will subscribe to your plan to travel to Tibet this summer holiday. 问题是你的父母是否会同意你这个暑假去西藏旅行的计划。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①All of the teachers and students subscribed some money or life necessities to those suffering from the flood. ②I have been a subscriber(subscribe) to Newsweek for many years，which helps me improve my English. ③Our monitor put forward a suggestion that our class should subscribe to some magazines and the head teacher subscribed to his suggestion． 我们班长提出了我们班应该订购一些杂志的建议，班主任同意了他的建议。 suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 suspect sb/sth to be... 怀疑/猜想某人/某物是…… suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事 suspect that... 怀疑/认为…… [经典佳句]　The person I respect most is my English teacher，who never suspects that we can achieve our dreams.我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀疑我们会实现梦想。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We all suspect him of subscribing to a fund helping students in the remote areas these years，but he is always denying. ②Two suspects (suspect) in connection with the case are now being questioned at present. ③But Jane had nobody to prove her words.Suspected and feeling sad，Jane burst out crying. (读后续写之情绪描写) 但是简没有人来证明她的话。简被怀疑，感到悲伤，突然哭了起来。 blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.过失；责备，指责 (1) be to blame (for sth)　(对某事)负有责任；应受责备 blame sb for (doing) sth　因(做)某事责备某人；把(做)某事归咎于某人 blame sth on sb/sth　把某事归咎于某人/某事 (2)accept/bear/take the blame for sth　对某事负责任 put the blame on　把责任归咎于…… [经典佳句]　Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place. 我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Although the teaching assistant was to blame(blame) for the severe mistake，the foreign teacher didn't blame her for it. ②What made me frustrated was that the boss put the blame on me. ③Blamed(blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits. ④When getting along with others，we shouldn't always blame others for mistakes. On the contrary，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place instead of blaming each other． 当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。相反，我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。 (建议信) link n. 联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 (1)There is a link between...and...　……与……之间有联系 (2)link...to/with...　将……和……联系或连接起来 be linked to...　与……有联系/有关 [经典佳句]　People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.人们经常把他们所读到的东西的记忆与书的深度或书在页面上的位置联系起来。(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，阅读C篇) [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Volunteering during teenage years has been linked(link) to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.(2025·全国二卷) ②There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits，and as a result，it would be a brilliant idea if we could link physical health to/with healthy diets．健康问题和不良的饮食习惯之间是有联系的，因此，如果我们能够把身体健康和健康的饮食联系起来，这会是个好主意。 decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 (1) on the decrease 　正在减少 on the increase　正在增加 (2)decrease to...　减少到…… decrease by...　减少了…… decrease from...to...　从……减少到…… [经典佳句]　The data shows that the past year saw a sharp decrease in the number of people who like group travel.数据显示，在过去的一年喜欢团体旅游的人数急剧减少。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①As is shown in the chart，the kinds of wild animals have decreased(decrease) sharply in the past three decades. ②Not enough sleep will have an impact on our health，leading to a decrease in learning efficiency. ③Teenagers'understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs is on the decrease/is decreasing，but thanks to various relevant activities，the number of those who appreciate Chinese traditions is on the increase/is increasing． 青少年对中国古代传统和习俗的了解正在减少，但多亏了各种相关活动，欣赏中国传统的人数正在增加。 thanks to幸亏；由于 表示“因为，由于”的其他短语： (1)because of常作状语 (2)due to常作状语和表语，作状语时一般不放在句首 (3)owing to常作状语和表语 (4)on account of 常作状语，位置可前可后 (5)as a result of 常作状语 [经典佳句]　I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help，everything had gone smoothly.我告诉他，多亏了他的慷慨和及时的帮助，一切都很顺利。 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) [即时训练]　完成句子 ①Thanks to John's bravery and calmness，the two rescued children were finally reunited with their family happily. 多亏了约翰的勇敢和冷静，被救的两个孩子最终高兴地与家人团聚了。 ②I hold the firm belief that your outstanding success is due to/owing to your hard work and tireless efforts.我坚信你杰出的成就是因为你的勤奋工作和不懈努力。 transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 表示“因为，由于”的其他短语： (1)transform ... into ... 　使……转变成…… (2)transformation n.　变化，转变；改观 [经典佳句]　She used to be terribly shy，but a year abroad has completely transformed her. 她过去十分腼腆，但在国外待了一年以后完全变了。 [即时训练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①At present，the remarkable development of digital economy is transforming (transform) our modern way of life. ②The past ten years has witnessed a complete transformation (transform) of my hometown. ③Your generous help and kindness transformed my first Canada trip into an unforgettable memory.(感谢信) 你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。 [重点句型·通关] [对应学生用书P6] 教材原句： Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜它。 (1)not ... until ...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句。 (2)not ... until ...句型中，not until位于句首，此时主句用部分倒装。 (3)not ... until ...句型的强调句式为：It is/was not until ... that ... [句式分析]　until引导的时间状语从句 [即时训练]　完成句子/句式升级 ①I left the hospital with confidence，promising that I would keep trying until I finished the project wonderfully． 我满怀信心地离开了医院，并承诺我会继续努力，直到完美地完成这个项目。 ②直到我听到消息，我才意识到自己赢得了比赛。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) →Not until I heard the news did I realize that I had won the contest. (倒装句) →It was not until I heard the news that I realized that I had won the contest.(强调句) 教材原句：He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现在两条街道上，霍乱疫情暴发尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 (1)引导结果状语从句的两个句型： ①so＋ ②such＋ (2)当so或such位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。 [句式分析]　so ... that ...如此……以至于…… [即时训练]　一句多译/完成句子 ①随着汽车逐渐靠近他的家乡，他的心剧烈地跳动，他感到非常紧张。(读后续写之紧张心理描写) a．As the car got closer and closer to his hometown，his heart beat so violently that he felt very nervous． b．As the car got closer and closer to his hometown，so violently did his heart beat that he felt very nervous．(倒装句) ②“中国—爱尔兰文化节”是一个非常有意义的活动，我永远不会忘记。 a．The China-Ireland Cultural Festival is so meaningful an activity that I will never forget it．(so...that...) b．The China-Ireland Cultural Festival is such a meaningful activity that I will never forget it．(such...that...) ③The Spoken English Club holds so many activities regularly that it appeals to/attracts more and more students. Many club members have made such great progress that they can speak English more fluently than before. 英语口语俱乐部定期举办很多活动，以至于吸引了越来越多的学生。许多俱乐部成员取得了很大的进步，他们的英语说得比以前更流利了。 [对应学生用书P7] Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．die from the disease死于这种疾病 2．become a famous doctor成为一名著名医生 3．attend to Queen Victoria照顾维多利亚女王 4．be determined to find out决心查明 5．be infected by waste被废弃物感染 6．be polluted by raw waste被未处理的废弃物污染 7．be much more likely to get cholera更有可能染上霍乱 8．through Snow's tireless efforts经过斯诺不懈的努力 9．substantial decrease大幅减少 10．be likely to do 很可能 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子/一句多译 1．I have already suspected(怀疑) that they won't agree to my initial plan. 2．There is no proof (证据)that this kind of lifestyle causes cancer in humans. 3．What made him frustrated (懊恼的) was that his son was infected with this terrible virus. 4．In my opinion，my progress in English is directly linked to reading English newspapers every day. 在我看来，我在英语方面的进步与每天读英文报有直接联系。 5．他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写) ①He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. ②So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(用倒装句改写) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $