01.Unit 1 Time to Relax（词汇讲练）-2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固（人教版2024）

2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(人教版2024) Unit 1 Time to Relax 词汇讲练 目录 第一部分 单元词汇背默锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 核心词汇讲练用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 词汇强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 单元词汇清单 Unit 1 词汇默写清单 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 __________ n.书法 __________v.滑雪 __________ v.编写程序；n.程序；节目；项目 __________ v.表达；表示 __________ n.教练；指导者 __________adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌的 __________害怕；恐惧 __________ n.&v.害怕；担忧 __________克服(困难);解决(问题) __________正在做；由某人决定 __________ n.诗 __________ adj.单个的；单身的 __________ n.笔画；击球 __________放弃 __________n.墨水 __________ n.&v.回来；归还 __________作为回报 __________n.交易；协议；v.对付 __________ v.完成(困难的事);管理 __________开始做某事；进人 __________试一试某事 __________n.功夫 __________v.督促；推 __________ pron.我自己 __________偶尔地；间或 __________v.&n.闲聊 __________ n.出外游玩；远足 __________出外游玩 __________ v.减少 __________n.精神压力；紧张 __________n.瑜伽 __________n.物品；宾语 __________ adj.意大利（人）的；意大利语的；n.意大利人（语） __________ n.程序设计员 __________v.使……成为可能；允许 __________n.感觉；感官 __________ n.成就 __________ n.硬币 __________ n.邮票 __________ adj.青少年的 __________ n.明信片 __________ adv.相当；更准确地说 __________adj.过时的；守旧的 __________ adj.外国的；国外的 __________梦想；希望 __________n.建议；提议 __________n.失败 __________ v.激励；鼓舞 __________adj.严厉的；严格的 __________adv.出人意料地；惊人地 __________到目前为止 __________ n.舞台；阶段 __________adv.重要地 Unit 1 词汇背诵清单 calligraphy n.书法 ski v.滑雪 program v.编写程序；n.程序；(=programme)节目；项目 express v.表达；表示 instructor n.教练；指导者 scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌的 scared of害怕；恐惧 fear n.&v.害怕；担忧 get over克服(困难);解决(问题) up to正在做；由某人决定 poem n.诗 single adj.单个的；单身的 stroke n.笔画；击球 give up放弃 ink n.墨水 return n.&v.回来；归还 in return作为回报 deal n.交易；协议；v.(dealt, dealt)对付 manage v.完成(困难的事);管理 get into开始做某事；进人 give it a go试一试某事 kung fu n.功夫 push v.督促；推 myself pron.我自己 once in a while偶尔地；间或 chat v.&n.闲聊 outing n.出外游玩；远足 go on an outing出外游玩 reduce v.减少 stress n.精神压力；紧张 yoga n.瑜伽 object n.物品；宾语 Italian adj.意大利的；意大利人的；意大利语的；n.意大利人；意大利语 programmer n.程序设计员 allow v.使……成为可能；允许 sense n.感觉；感官 achievement n.成就 coin n.硬币 stamp n.邮票 teenage adj.青少年的 postcard n.明信片 rather adv.相当；更准确地说 old-fashioned adj.过时的；守旧的 foreign adj.外国的；国外的 dream of梦想；希望 suggestion n.建议；提议 failure n.失败 inspire v.激励；鼓舞 strict adj.严厉的；严格的 surprisingly adv.出人意料地；惊人地 so far到目前为止 stage n.舞台；阶段 importantly adv.重要地 ◇Part 02 核心词汇讲练 1. express v. 表达；表示 【常用搭配】express one's feelings（表达某人的感情）、express an opinion（发表观点）、express thanks（表示感谢）、express oneself（自我表达） 【典型例句】 She finds it hard to express her sadness in words.（她发现很难用语言表达自己的悲伤。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① Which of the following words can be used with "express" to mean showing thanks? A. happiness B. thanks C. anger D. surprise ② He always uses paintings to ______ his love for his hometown. A. express B. say C. talk D. tell ③ The little girl couldn't ______ her excitement when she saw the birthday cake. A. make B. express C. do D. have （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① Everyone has the right to ______ (express) their own ideas freely. ② She ______ (express) her satisfaction with the result of the exam just now. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① He wants to ______ (表达对父母的感激之情) through this letter. ② The singer ______ (用歌曲表达了对和平的渴望) in her new album. 2. scared adj. 害怕的；对…… 感到惊慌的 【用法释义】形容人因遇到危险、困难或可怕的事物而产生恐惧、惊慌的感觉。 【常用搭配】be scared of（害怕……）、be scared to do sth（害怕做某事）、be scared that（担心……，害怕……） 【典型例句】 The little boy is scared of darkness.（这个小男孩害怕黑暗。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① She is ______ of flying, so she always takes the train when she travels. A. happy B. scared C. excited D. interested ② The child was ______ to go into the old house alone. A. scared B. ready C. willing D. glad ③ My sister is scared ______ she will fail the math test. A. when B. what C. that D. where （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The dog looks fierce, but it's not ______ (scare) at all. ② She was ______ (scare) to walk through the forest at night. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Many people ______ (害怕蛇) because they think snakes are dangerous. ② The little girl ______ (害怕在陌生人面前说话)。 3. fear n.&v. 害怕；担忧 【常用搭配】（n.）in fear（恐惧地）、for fear of（唯恐，担心）、overcome fear（克服恐惧） （v.）fear sth（害怕某事）、fear to do sth（害怕做某事）、fear that（担心……） 【典型例句】 （n.）She couldn't hide her fear when she heard the bad news.（听到这个坏消息时，她无法掩饰自己的恐惧。） （v.）He fears that he will be late for the meeting.（他担心自己开会会迟到。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① She lived in ______ for a long time after the accident. A. fear B. happy C. excited D. joy ② He ______ heights, so he never climbs mountains. A. likes B. fears C. loves D. enjoys ③ They walked quietly ______ fear of waking up the baby. A. in B. with C. for D. on （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① Her ______ (fear) of spiders made her scream when she saw one. ② He ______ (fear) to tell his parents the truth about his exam result. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① We should ______ (克服对失败的恐惧) and keep trying. ② She ______ (担心自己不能按时完成工作)。 4. up to 正在做；由某人决定 【用法释义】有两个主要含义，一是表示 “正在做（某事）”，通常用于口语中，主语多为人；二是表示 “由某人决定”，常与 “be” 动词连用，构成 “be up to sb” 结构。 【常用搭配】What are you up to?（你正在做什么？）、be up to sb to do sth（由某人决定做某事）、It's up to you.（由你决定。） 【典型例句】 （表示正在做）What are you up to this weekend?（这个周末你打算做什么？） （表示由某人决定）It's up to him to choose which university to attend.（由他决定选择哪所大学。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① —What ______ you ______ up to recently? —I've been busy with my homework. A. do; be B. are; be C. are; up D. do; up ② It's ______ you to decide whether we go to the park or the zoo. A. up to B. up for C. to up D. for up ③ My parents said that it was up to me ______ which book to read. A. choose B. to choose C. choosing D. chose （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① —What ______ (be) you up to yesterday evening? —I was watching a movie at home. ② It ______ (be) up to the manager to make the final decision. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① —______ (你最近在忙什么)？ —I'm preparing for the coming exam. ② ______ (由我们决定) to make our school a better place. 5. give up 放弃 【用法释义】指停止做某事、放弃某个计划、目标或不再坚持某种想法、习惯等。 【常用搭配】give up doing sth（放弃做某事）、give up one's job（放弃工作）、give up hope（放弃希望）、never give up（永不放弃） 【典型例句】 He decided to give up smoking because it's bad for his health.（他决定戒烟，因为吸烟对他的健康有害。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① You should never ______ hope, no matter how difficult the situation is. A. give in B. give up C. give out D. give away ② She ______ eating sweet food to lose weight. A. gave up B. gave in C. gave out D. gave away ③ My brother ______ his hobby of playing the piano because he was too busy. A. took up B. gave up C. picked up D. looked up （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① He finally ______ (give) up his dream of becoming a singer. ② They advised me ______ (give) up drinking coffee before going to bed. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Don't ______ (放弃学习英语)，it's very useful. ② The athlete ______ (从未放弃过赢得比赛的机会)。 6. return n.&v. 回来；归还 【用法释义】作动词时，可表示 “回来、返回”，指从某地回到原来的地方；也可表示 “归还”，指把某物还给某人或原处。作名词时，指 “回来、返回” 或 “归还” 的行为。 【常用搭配】（v.）return to sp（回到某地）、return sth to sb（把某物归还给某人）、return home（回家） （n.）the return of sb/sth（某人 / 某物的回来 / 归还）、on one's return（在某人回来时） 【典型例句】 （v.）She will return to her hometown next month.（她下个月将回到家乡。） （n.）We are looking forward to his return from abroad.（我们期待着他从国外回来。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① He ______ the book to the library yesterday. A. returned B. gave C. sent D. took ② When will you ______ to school after the holiday? A. go B. return C. come D. arrive ③ On ______ return, she found that her house was broken into. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① His ______ (return) made his family very happy. ② I ______ (return) the money to him as soon as I get my salary. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Please ______ (把字典归还给我) as soon as you finish using it. ② They ______ (预计下周回到北京) after their trip. 7. deal n. 交易；协议；v.(dealt, dealt) 对付 【用法释义】作名词时，指双方达成的 “交易、协议”；作动词时，意为 “对付、处理”，常与 with 搭配。 【常用搭配】（n.）make a deal（达成交易）、a deal between...and...（…… 和…… 之间的协议）、a good deal（一笔好交易） （v.）deal with（对付；处理）、deal with problems（处理问题） 【典型例句】 （n.）The two companies made a deal on the cooperation project.（这两家公司就合作项目达成了交易。） （v.）She is good at dealing with difficult people.（她善于对付难相处的人。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① The two countries have made a ______ to increase trade between them. A. talk B. deal C. conversation D. speech ② He doesn't know how to ______ with the angry customer. A. do B. make C. deal D. take ③ We finally ______ a deal after three hours of discussion. A. did B. made C. dealt D. took （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The manager has ______ (deal) with many important matters this week. ② They hope to make a ______ (deal) with the new supplier. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① The teacher taught us how to ______ (处理学习中遇到的问题)。 ② After a long negotiation, the two sides ______ (达成了一项重要协议)。 8. manage v. 完成 (困难的事); 管理 【用法释义】既可以表示通过努力 “完成（困难的事）”，强调克服困难达成目标；也可以表示 “管理、经营”，指对人、事物或机构进行组织、安排和控制。 【常用搭配】manage to do sth（成功完成某事）、manage a company（管理一家公司）、manage time（管理时间）、manage a team（管理一个团队） 【典型例句】 She managed to finish the work on time even though she was very tired.（尽管她非常累，还是设法按时完成了工作。） He manages a big hotel in the city center.（他在市中心管理一家大饭店。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① She ______ to pass the exam with the help of her teachers. A. tried B. managed C. wanted D. hoped ② He is good at ______ his time, so he always has time to do what he likes. A. managing B. doing C. making D. taking ③ The new boss will ______ the company from next month. A. take B. make C. manage D. do （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① They ______ (manage) to climb to the top of the mountain yesterday. ② She has the ability ______ (manage) a team of more than 50 people. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① We ______ (设法在天黑前到达了目的地) after a long journey. ② The manager ______ (善于管理公司的日常事务)。 9. push v. 督促；推 【用法释义】一是表示 “推”，指用手或身体其他部位使物体移动；二是表示 “督促、催促”，指促使某人做某事或努力达到某个目标。 【常用搭配】push sth（推某物）、push sb to do sth（督促某人做某事）、push open the door（推开门）、push forward（推进；向前推） 【典型例句】 She pushed the heavy box to the corner of the room.（她把那个重箱子推到了房间的角落。） His parents always push him to study hard.（他的父母总是督促他努力学习。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① Can you help me ______ the cart? It's too heavy. A. pull B. push C. take D. bring ② The teacher often ______ her students to read more books. A. pushes B. pulls C. takes D. brings ③ He ______ the door open and walked into the room. A. pulled B. pushed C. took D. brought （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① She ______ (push) the baby stroller along the street every morning. ② My father always ______ (push) me to practice playing the guitar. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Please ______ (把椅子推到桌子旁边) so that I can sit down. ② The coach ______ (督促队员们刻苦训练) for the coming match. 10. chat v.&n. 闲聊 【用法释义】指轻松、随意地交谈，谈论的内容通常不是很正式或重要的事情。 【常用搭配】（v.）chat with sb（和某人闲聊）、chat about sth（闲聊某事）、chat online（网上聊天） （n.）have a chat（闲聊）、a friendly chat（友好的闲聊） 【典型例句】 （v.）I often chat with my friends on the phone after work.（下班后我经常和朋友们打电话闲聊。） （n.）We had a nice chat over a cup of coffee.（我们边喝咖啡边愉快地闲聊了一会儿。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① She likes to ______ with her neighbors in the afternoon. A. talk B. chat C. speak D. tell ② We had a ______ about our favorite movies last night. A. chat B. talk C. speech D. conversation ③ They often ______ online because they live in different cities. A. chat B. talk C. speak D. tell （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① My mother and her sister ______ (chat) on the phone every Sunday. ② We ______ (have) a pleasant chat with our old friend yesterday. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① I usually ______ (和我的同学在课间闲聊)。 ② They ______ (通过视频聊天分享彼此的生活) every weekend. 11. outing n. 出外游玩；远足 【用法释义】指为了娱乐、休闲而进行的短途外出活动，如郊游、远足、野餐等。 【常用搭配】go on an outing（去郊游；去远足）、have an outing（进行一次外出游玩）、a school outing（学校组织的郊游）、a family outing（家庭郊游） 【典型例句】 Our class will go on an outing to the park next Sunday.（我们班下周日将去公园郊游。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① The whole family is planning to ______ an outing to the beach this weekend. A. go B. have C. do D. make ② We had a great time during our ______ to the mountains last month. A. trip B. outing C. travel D. journey ③ The school often organizes ______ for students to get close to nature. A. outings B. trips C. travels D. journeys （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① They are looking forward to their ______ (outing) to the countryside next week. ② We had a wonderful ______ (outing) with our friends last Saturday. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① All the students ______ (期待着学校的郊游) next month. ② My parents and I ______ (上周进行了一次愉快的远足) to the lake. 12. reduce v. 减少 【用法释义】指使数量、程度、规模、速度等变得比原来少或小。 【常用搭配】reduce pollution（减少污染）、reduce costs（降低成本）、reduce the number of（减少…… 的数量）、reduce by（减少了……）、reduce to（减少到……） 【典型例句】 We should take actions to reduce air pollution.（我们应该采取行动减少空气污染。） The company has reduced its staff by 10% this year.（这家公司今年已经裁员 10%。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① We can ______ waste by recycling paper and plastic. A. increase B. reduce C. rise D. raise ② The price of this product has been ______ by 20% since last month. A. increased B. reduced C. risen D. raised ③ They are trying to ______ the number of cars on the road to ease traffic jams. A. increase B. reduce C. rise D. raise （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The government is making efforts ______ (reduce) the unemployment rate. ② We have ______ (reduce) the use of plastic bags in our daily life. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① We should ______ (减少对一次性用品的依赖) to protect the environment. ② The factory ______ (已经将能耗降低到了去年的一半)。 13. stress n. 精神压力；紧张 【用法释义】指人在面对困难、压力或紧张情况时，内心产生的精神负担或紧张状态。 【常用搭配】mental stress（精神压力）、work stress（工作压力）、reduce stress（减轻压力）、under stress（处于压力之下）、cause stress（造成压力） 【典型例句】 Long working hours often cause a lot of stress for office workers.（长时间工作经常给上班族带来很大的压力。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① Regular exercise is a good way to ______ stress after work. A. increase B. reduce C. create D. cause ② Many students feel ______ stress before important exams. A. many B. few C. much D. little ③ She has been under a lot of ______ since she took this new job. A. stress B. happy C. excited D. joy （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① Too much ______ (stress) is bad for both physical and mental health. ② The doctor advised her to find ways to reduce ______ (stress) in her daily life. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Listening to music can help us ______ (减轻生活中的压力)。 ② Parents should pay attention to their children's ______ (学习压力) and help them relax. 14. object n. 物品；宾语 【用法释义】作 “物品” 讲时，指具体的东西、物件；作 “宾语” 讲时，指语法中动作的承受者。 【常用搭配】common objects（常见物品）、everyday objects（日常物品）、direct object（直接宾语）、indirect object（间接宾语）、put an object（放置物品） 【典型例句】 （物品）Please put all the objects on the desk into the box.（请把桌子上所有的物品放进盒子里。） （宾语）In the sentence "She gave me a book", "a book" is the direct object and "me" is the indirect object.（在句子 “她给了我一本书” 中，“一本书” 是直接宾语，“我” 是间接宾语。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① You can find many interesting ______ in this museum, such as old coins and paintings. A. objects B. things C. matters D. substances ② In the sentence "He bought his sister a gift", "a gift" is the ______. A. subject B. object C. verb D. adjective ③ Please take this ______ to the teacher's office. It's a new teaching tool. A. object B. subject C. verb D. adverb （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The little boy likes to collect small ______ (object) like stones and shells. ② In English grammar, we need to learn how to identify the ______ (object) in a sentence. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Please list all the ______ (房间里的物品) on this piece of paper. ② The teacher explained to us how to distinguish between ______ (直接宾语和间接宾语) in a sentence. 15. allow v. 使…… 成为可能；允许 【用法释义】一是表示 “允许”，指许可某人做某事或允许某事发生；二是表示 “使…… 成为可能”，指为某事的发生提供条件。 【常用搭配】allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事）、allow doing sth（允许做某事）、allow sth to happen（允许某事发生）、allow for（考虑到；顾及） 【典型例句】 （允许）The school doesn't allow students to use mobile phones in class.（学校不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。） （使…… 成为可能）The new technology allows faster communication between people.（这项新技术使人们之间更快的沟通成为可能。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① My parents don't ______ me to stay out late on school nights. A. let B. allow C. make D. have ② This software ______ users to edit photos easily. A. allows B. lets C. makes D. has ③ The rules of the library ______ talking loudly, so we must keep quiet. A. allow B. don't allow C. encourage D. support （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The manager doesn't allow ______ (smoke) in the office. ② Her parents allowed her ______ (go) to the party with her friends last weekend. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① The company ______ (不允许员工在工作时间玩游戏)。 ② The wide roads ______ (使车辆快速通行成为可能) in this city. 16. sense n. 感觉；感官 【用法释义】作 “感觉” 讲时，指内心的感受、直觉或对事物的感知；作 “感官” 讲时，指人体的视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉这五种感知器官。 【常用搭配】sense of smell（嗅觉）、sense of taste（味觉）、sense of humor（幽默感）、sense of direction（方向感）、have a sense of（有…… 的感觉 / 意识）、lose one's sense（失去理智） 【典型例句】 （感觉）She has a strong sense of responsibility for her work.（她对工作有很强的责任感。） （感官）Dogs have a better sense of smell than humans.（狗的嗅觉比人类灵敏。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① He has a good ______ of direction, so he never gets lost when traveling. A. sense B. feeling C. emotion D. thought ② Our five ______ help us know the world around us: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. A. senses B. feelings C. emotions D. thoughts ③ She has no ______ of humor, so she never laughs at my jokes. A. sense B. feeling C. emotion D. thought （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The blind man has a sharp ______ (sense) of hearing to help him move around. ② It's important for children to develop a ______ (sense) of independence from an early age. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① This dish has a strange ______ (味道)，maybe it's because of the special spice.（提示：用 “sense” 相关短语） ② People with a good ______ (幽默感) are usually popular among their friends. 17. achievement n. 成就 【用法释义】指通过努力、奋斗所取得的成果、成绩或达到的目标，通常具有一定的价值或意义。 【常用搭配】great achievement（伟大的成就）、academic achievement（学业成就）、achieve one's achievement（取得某人的成就）、take pride in one's achievement（为某人的成就感到自豪）、make achievements（取得成就） 【典型例句】 His greatest achievement is developing a new type of energy-saving car.（他最大的成就是研发了一种新型节能汽车。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① She has made great ______ in her English study since she started taking the course. A. achievements B. progress C. success D. development ② We should take pride in our country's ______ in science and technology. A. achievements B. things C. matters D. substances ③ His hard work finally led to his ______ in the field of medicine. A. achievement B. failure C. loss D. difficulty （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① Everyone should be proud of their own ______ (achievement), no matter how small they are. ② The scientist devoted his life to making ______ (achievement) for human health. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① The athlete's ______ (奥运金牌是他最大的成就) in his sports career. ② We should encourage children to work hard to ______ (取得他们自己的成就)。 18. rather adv. 相当；更准确地说 【用法释义】作 “相当” 讲时，用于修饰形容词或副词，表示程度，相当于 “quite”；作 “更准确地说” 讲时，用于补充说明或纠正之前的说法。 【常用搭配】rather cold（相当冷）、rather difficult（相当难）、rather than（而不是）、or rather（更准确地说） 【典型例句】 （相当）The movie we watched last night was rather interesting.（我们昨晚看的电影相当有趣。） （更准确地说）She lives in Paris, or rather, in a small town near Paris.（她住在巴黎，更准确地说，是在巴黎附近的一个小镇。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① The weather today is ______ hot, so we decide to stay at home. A. rather B. very C. too D. so ② He is ______ a teacher than a writer—he spends most of his time teaching. A. rather B. more C. less D. quite ③ She arrived at 8 o'clock, ______ , 8:05 a.m. because the bus was late. A. rather B. or rather C. rather than D. more than （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① This math problem is ______ (rather) difficult for me to solve. ② He chose to stay at home ______ (rather) than go out with his friends. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① This book is ______ (相当有趣)，I have read it twice. ② She is a student, ______ (更准确地说)，a graduate student majoring in history. 19. suggestion n. 建议；提议 【用法释义】指为解决问题、改进情况或实现目标而提出的想法、意见或计划，是可数名词。 【常用搭配】give a suggestion（提出建议）、make a suggestion（提出建议）、follow a suggestion（采纳建议）、accept a suggestion（接受建议）、offer suggestions（提供建议）、on one's suggestion（根据某人的建议） 【典型例句】 She gave me a useful suggestion on how to improve my writing skills.（她就如何提高我的写作技巧给了我一个有用的建议。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① Can you give me some ______ on how to prepare for the English exam? A. suggestions B. advices C. informations D. news ② We all agreed to follow his ______ to have a picnic this weekend. A. suggestion B. idea C. thought D. opinion ③ He made a ______ that we should visit the museum together next Sunday. A. suggestion B. fact C. truth D. reality （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The teacher offered some valuable ______ (suggestion) to help us improve our study habits. ② On her ______ (suggestion), we decided to change the date of the meeting. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① I hope you can ______ (接受我的建议) and try to exercise more. ② They ______ (提出了一个关于保护环境的建议) at the meeting yesterday. 20. failure n. 失败 【用法释义】指未能达到预期的目标、未能完成某事，或指失败的人或事物；可作可数或不可数名词。 【常用搭配】experience failure（经历失败）、fear failure（害怕失败）、the failure of sth（某事的失败）、a failure（一件失败的事；一个失败者）、learn from failure（从失败中学习） 【典型例句】 （不可数）Failure is the mother of success.（失败是成功之母。） （可数）His first attempt was a failure, but he didn't give up.（他的第一次尝试失败了，但他没有放弃。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① We shouldn't be afraid of ______ , because it can help us grow. A. failure B. success C. victory D. win ② His plan turned out to be a ______ , as it didn't solve the problem at all. A. failure B. success C. achievement D. progress ③ We can ______ a lot from failure and become better. A. learn B. teach C. study D. know （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① Don't let ______ (failure) stop you from trying again. ② The ______ (failure) of the project made everyone very disappointed. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Everyone may ______ (经历失败) in their life, but we should keep going. ② He didn't lose heart after ______ (一次失败) and tried again. 21. inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 【常用搭配】inspire sb to do sth（激励某人做某事）、inspire confidence（激发信心）、inspire hope（燃起希望）、be inspired by（受到…… 的激励 / 启发） 【典型例句】 His story of overcoming difficulties inspired many people to keep fighting.（他克服困难的故事激励了很多人继续奋斗。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① The teacher's encouraging words ______ the students to work harder. A. inspired B. made C. let D. had ② She was ______ by her mother's perseverance and decided to pursue her dream. A. inspired B. interested C. excited D. surprised ③ His paintings ______ a lot of artists and influenced their works. A. inspired B. taught C. learned D. knew （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The great scientist ______ (inspire) many young people to study science. ② We were ______ (inspire) by the athletes' spirit of never giving up. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① The movie about superheroes ______ (激励孩子们勇敢面对困难)。 ② Her dedication to her work ______ (激发了同事们的热情)。 22. strict adj. 严厉的；严格的 【用法释义】指对人或事物要求高、标准严，不允许违反规则或出现差错；可用于形容人或规则、制度等。 【常用搭配】be strict with sb（对某人严厉 / 严格）、be strict in sth（在某事上严格）、strict rules（严格的规则）、a strict teacher（严厉的老师） 【典型例句】 My mother is strict with me in my study—she always asks me to finish my homework on time.（我妈妈在学习上对我很严格 —— 她总是要求我按时完成作业。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① Our teacher is very ______ with us, but we all know she cares about us. A. kind B. strict C. friendly D. gentle ② The company has ______ rules about working hours—no one can be late. A. strict B. loose C. easy D. soft ③ Parents should be ______ with their children but not too harsh. A. strict B. kind C. friendly D. patient （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The headmaster is ______ (strict) with the students' behavior in school. ② She is ______ (strict) in her work and never makes mistakes. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① The coach ______ (对队员们的训练要求很严格) to improve their skills. ② Our school ______ (在考勤方面很严格)，so students must attend classes on time. 23. so far 到目前为止 【用法释义】指从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的时间段，常与现在完成时连用，表示 “到目前为止”“迄今为止”。 【常用搭配】so far（到目前为止，用于句末或句首）、have done sth so far（到目前为止已经做了某事）、so far so good（到目前为止一切顺利） 【典型例句】 We have learned 200 new words so far this term.（这学期到目前为止，我们已经学了 200 个新单词。） So far, no one has found the missing child.（到目前为止，还没有人找到那个失踪的孩子。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① We ______ three English songs so far this month. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. will learn ② ______ , we have received more than 100 applications for the job. A. So far B. From now on C. In the future D. At first ③ The project is going well ______ , and we hope to finish it on time. A. so far B. at once C. right now D. in the end （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① They ______ (build) three new schools in this area so far. ② So far, I ______ (not receive) any reply from the company. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① ______ (到目前为止)，we have solved most of the problems in the project. ② He ______ (到目前为止已经读了五本英文小说) this year. ◇Part 03 词汇强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 单项选择 1. My cousin is interested in Chinese ______, and she spends two hours practicing it every day. A. calligraphy B.yoga C.outing D.stress 2. Tom wants to learn how to ______ because he plans to go to the snowy mountain this winter. A. chat B.ski C.coin D.stamp 3. My brother is a ______, and he can write computer ______ for different apps. A. programmer; programs B.instructor; objects C.teenager; poems D.foreigner; stages 4. We should ______ our thanks to our parents for their hard work. A. reduce B.push C.express D.inspire 5. Our swimming ______ is very patient, and he teaches us every basic skill carefully. A. sense B.achievement C.failure D.instructor 6. The little boy is ______ darkness, so he always sleeps with a light on. A. proud of B.scared of C.full of D.tired of 7. She couldn’t hide her ______ when she saw the big snake in the grass. A. fear B.ink C.deal D.suggestion 8. With the help of her friends, Lily finally ______ the difficulty of learning math. A. got into B.gave up C.got over D.gave it a go 9. It’s ______ you to decide whether we go hiking or stay at home this weekend. A. up to B.in return C.so far D.once in a while 10. My English teacher asked us to write a short ______ about spring. A. postcard B.poem C.stamp D.coin 11. He lives a ______ life now, but he hopes to find a partner soon. A. single B.old-fashioned C.foreign D.teenage 12. Each ______ of the Chinese character “bi” (笔) has its special meaning. A. stroke B.stage C.object D.sense 13. Don’t ______ learning English easily—practice makes perfect. A. give up B.get over C.push away D.return to 14. You need to use black ______ to write calligraphy on this rice paper. A. stress B.ink C.yoga D.achievement 15. Could you please ______ the book to the library after you finish reading it? A. return B.reduce C.allow D.chat 16. I helped my neighbor fix his bike, and he invited me to dinner ______. A. in fact B.in return C.in total D.in time 17. We made a ______ to help each other with our homework every evening. A. deal B.failure C.suggestion D.stage 18. Though the task is hard, I believe we can ______ to finish it on time. A. manage B.push C.reduce D.chat 19. How did you ______ collecting postcards? It seems so interesting. A. get into B.give up C.get over D.give it a go 20. Why not ______ playing the guitar? You might find you like it. A. get into B.give it a go C.in return D.once in a while 21. Many foreigners are interested in Chinese ______ like Tai Chi and Shaolin. A. yoga B.calligraphy C.kung fu D.outing 22. His parents always ______ him to study hard, but they never force him. A. push B.allow C.inspire D.reduce 23. I taught ______ to play the piano by watching online videos. A. myself B.yourself C.himself D.herself 24. We don’t see each other often, just ______ when we have holidays. A. so far B.once in a while C.in return D.up to 25. My classmates and I often ______ about our favorite movies after class. A. chat B.deal C.sense D.inspire 26. Our class will ______ next Saturday—we’re going to the national park. A. go on an outing B.give it a go C.get over D.reduce stress 27. Doing exercise regularly can help ______ stress and keep us healthy. A. increase B.reduce C.push D.allow 28. Too much schoolwork gives students a lot of ______, so they need to relax. A. achievement B.failure C.stress D.sense 29. My mother practices ______ every morning to keep her body and mind calm. A. kung fu B.yoga C.calligraphy D.skiing 30. The main ______ of this story is that friendship is more important than money. A. object B.sense C.achievement D.suggestion 31. My aunt married an ______ man, and they now live in Rome. A. foreign B.Italian C.teenage D.old-fashioned 32. The school doesn’t ______ students to use mobile phones in class. A. allow B.push C.inspire D.manage 33. She has a good ______ of direction, so she never gets lost in a new city. A. sense B.object C.failure D.stage 34. Winning the English competition was a great ______ for the hard-working girl. A. stress B.failure C.achievement D.suggestion 35. My grandfather likes collecting ______ from different countries. A. poems B.postcards C.coins D.strokes 36. She sent me a ______ with a beautiful picture of the Eiffel Tower when she visited Paris. A. stamp B.postcard C.coin D.object 37. This dress is ______ big for me—do you have a smaller size? A. rather B.surprisingly C.importantly D.foreignly 38. My grandfather still uses a ______ radio instead of a smart one. A. single B.teenage C.old-fashioned D.Italian 39. Many ______ students come to study in our school every year. A. foreign B.single C.old-fashioned D.teenage 40. She has always ______ becoming a doctor to help sick people. A. dreamed of B.given up C.got over D.in return $2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(人教版2024) Unit 1 Time to Relax 词汇讲练 目录 第一部分 单元词汇背默锁定基础 高效学习 第二部分 核心词汇讲练用法精析 变式巩固 第三部分 词汇强化训练深度强化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 单元词汇清单 Unit 1 词汇默写清单 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 __________ n.书法 __________v.滑雪 __________ v.编写程序；n.程序；节目；项目 __________ v.表达；表示 __________ n.教练；指导者 __________adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌的 __________害怕；恐惧 __________ n.&v.害怕；担忧 __________克服(困难);解决(问题) __________正在做；由某人决定 __________ n.诗 __________ adj.单个的；单身的 __________ n.笔画；击球 __________放弃 __________n.墨水 __________ n.&v.回来；归还 __________作为回报 __________n.交易；协议；v.对付 __________ v.完成(困难的事);管理 __________开始做某事；进人 __________试一试某事 __________n.功夫 __________v.督促；推 __________ pron.我自己 __________偶尔地；间或 __________v.&n.闲聊 __________ n.出外游玩；远足 __________出外游玩 __________ v.减少 __________n.精神压力；紧张 __________n.瑜伽 __________n.物品；宾语 __________ adj.意大利（人）的；意大利语的；n.意大利人（语） __________ n.程序设计员 __________v.使……成为可能；允许 __________n.感觉；感官 __________ n.成就 __________ n.硬币 __________ n.邮票 __________ adj.青少年的 __________ n.明信片 __________ adv.相当；更准确地说 __________adj.过时的；守旧的 __________ adj.外国的；国外的 __________梦想；希望 __________n.建议；提议 __________n.失败 __________ v.激励；鼓舞 __________adj.严厉的；严格的 __________adv.出人意料地；惊人地 __________到目前为止 __________ n.舞台；阶段 __________adv.重要地 Unit 1 词汇背诵清单 calligraphy n.书法 ski v.滑雪 program v.编写程序；n.程序；(=programme)节目；项目 express v.表达；表示 instructor n.教练；指导者 scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌的 scared of害怕；恐惧 fear n.&v.害怕；担忧 get over克服(困难);解决(问题) up to正在做；由某人决定 poem n.诗 single adj.单个的；单身的 stroke n.笔画；击球 give up放弃 ink n.墨水 return n.&v.回来；归还 in return作为回报 deal n.交易；协议；v.(dealt, dealt)对付 manage v.完成(困难的事);管理 get into开始做某事；进人 give it a go试一试某事 kung fu n.功夫 push v.督促；推 myself pron.我自己 once in a while偶尔地；间或 chat v.&n.闲聊 outing n.出外游玩；远足 go on an outing出外游玩 reduce v.减少 stress n.精神压力；紧张 yoga n.瑜伽 object n.物品；宾语 Italian adj.意大利的；意大利人的；意大利语的；n.意大利人；意大利语 programmer n.程序设计员 allow v.使……成为可能；允许 sense n.感觉；感官 achievement n.成就 coin n.硬币 stamp n.邮票 teenage adj.青少年的 postcard n.明信片 rather adv.相当；更准确地说 old-fashioned adj.过时的；守旧的 foreign adj.外国的；国外的 dream of梦想；希望 suggestion n.建议；提议 failure n.失败 inspire v.激励；鼓舞 strict adj.严厉的；严格的 surprisingly adv.出人意料地；惊人地 so far到目前为止 stage n.舞台；阶段 importantly adv.重要地 ◇Part 02 核心词汇讲练 1. express v. 表达；表示 【常用搭配】express one's feelings（表达某人的感情）、express an opinion（发表观点）、express thanks（表示感谢）、express oneself（自我表达） 【典型例句】 She finds it hard to express her sadness in words.（她发现很难用语言表达自己的悲伤。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① Which of the following words can be used with "express" to mean showing thanks? A. happiness B. thanks C. anger D. surprise ② He always uses paintings to ______ his love for his hometown. A. express B. say C. talk D. tell ③ The little girl couldn't ______ her excitement when she saw the birthday cake. A. make B. express C. do D. have （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① Everyone has the right to ______ (express) their own ideas freely. ② She ______ (express) her satisfaction with the result of the exam just now. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① He wants to ______ (表达对父母的感激之情) through this letter. ② The singer ______ (用歌曲表达了对和平的渴望) in her new album. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① B 【解析】 “express thanks” 是固定搭配，意为 “表示感谢”，其他选项 “happiness（幸福）”“anger（愤怒）”“surprise（惊讶）” 与 “express” 搭配不符合 “表示感谢” 的含义，故选 B。 ② A 【解析】 句意为 “他总是用绘画来______对家乡的爱”，“express” 有 “表达” 的含义，符合语境；“say” 强调说的内容，“talk” 侧重交谈，“tell” 侧重告诉，均不符合，故选 A。 ③ B 【解析】 句意为 “小女孩看到生日蛋糕时无法______她的兴奋”，“express”“表达” 符合语境，“make（制作）”“do（做）”“have（有）” 均不符合，故选 B。 （2）单句填空 ① express 【解析】 “have the right to do sth” 是固定用法，意为 “有权利做某事”，to 后接动词原形，故填 express。 ② expressed 【解析】 由 “just now（刚才）” 可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，express 的过去式是 expressed，故填 expressed。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① express his gratitude to his parents 【解析】 “表达对…… 的感激之情” 可译为 “express one's gratitude to...”，主语是 He，故 “某人的” 用 his，“父母” 是 parents，所以填 express his gratitude to his parents。 ② expressed her desire for peace through songs 【解析】 “用…… 表达……” 可译为 “express...through...”，“对和平的渴望” 是 “desire for peace”，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，express 的过去式是 expressed，“歌曲” 是 songs，故填 expressed her desire for peace through songs。 2. scared adj. 害怕的；对…… 感到惊慌的 【用法释义】形容人因遇到危险、困难或可怕的事物而产生恐惧、惊慌的感觉。 【常用搭配】be scared of（害怕……）、be scared to do sth（害怕做某事）、be scared that（担心……，害怕……） 【典型例句】 The little boy is scared of darkness.（这个小男孩害怕黑暗。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① She is ______ of flying, so she always takes the train when she travels. A. happy B. scared C. excited D. interested ② The child was ______ to go into the old house alone. A. scared B. ready C. willing D. glad ③ My sister is scared ______ she will fail the math test. A. when B. what C. that D. where （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The dog looks fierce, but it's not ______ (scare) at all. ② She was ______ (scare) to walk through the forest at night. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Many people ______ (害怕蛇) because they think snakes are dangerous. ② The little girl ______ (害怕在陌生人面前说话)。 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① B 【解析】 由 “so she always takes the train when she travels” 可知，她不坐飞机，原因是 “害怕飞行”，“be scared of” 是固定搭配，意为 “害怕……”，其他选项 “happy（开心的）”“excited（兴奋的）”“interested（感兴趣的）” 均不符合语境，故选 B。 ② A 【解析】 句意为 “这个孩子______独自进入那座老房子”，“be scared to do sth” 意为 “害怕做某事”，符合语境；“be ready to do sth（准备好做某事）”“be willing to do sth（愿意做某事）”“be glad to do sth（高兴做某事）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ③ C 【解析】 “be scared that...” 是固定句型，that 引导宾语从句，句意为 “我妹妹害怕她数学考试不及格”，其他选项 “when（当…… 时）”“what（什么）”“where（哪里）” 均不能引导该句型，故选 C。 （2）单句填空 ① scared 【解析】 此处表示 “这条狗看起来很凶，但一点也不害怕”，主语是 it（指代狗），修饰人或动物的感受用 scared，scare 是动词，故填 scared。 ② scared 【解析】 “be scared to do sth” 是固定用法，意为 “害怕做某事”，故填 scared。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① are scared of snakes 【解析】 “害怕……” 用 “be scared of...”，主语 “Many people” 是复数，be 动词用 are，“蛇” 是 snakes，故填 are scared of snakes。 ② is scared to speak in front of strangers 【解析】 “害怕做某事” 用 “be scared to do sth”，主语 “The little girl” 是单数，be 动词用 is，“在陌生人面前说话” 是 “speak in front of strangers”，故填 is scared to speak in front of strangers。 3. fear n.&v. 害怕；担忧 【常用搭配】（n.）in fear（恐惧地）、for fear of（唯恐，担心）、overcome fear（克服恐惧） （v.）fear sth（害怕某事）、fear to do sth（害怕做某事）、fear that（担心……） 【典型例句】 （n.）She couldn't hide her fear when she heard the bad news.（听到这个坏消息时，她无法掩饰自己的恐惧。） （v.）He fears that he will be late for the meeting.（他担心自己开会会迟到。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① She lived in ______ for a long time after the accident. A. fear B. happy C. excited D. joy ② He ______ heights, so he never climbs mountains. A. likes B. fears C. loves D. enjoys ③ They walked quietly ______ fear of waking up the baby. A. in B. with C. for D. on （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① Her ______ (fear) of spiders made her scream when she saw one. ② He ______ (fear) to tell his parents the truth about his exam result. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① We should ______ (克服对失败的恐惧) and keep trying. ② She ______ (担心自己不能按时完成工作)。 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① A 【解析】 “in fear” 是固定短语，意为 “恐惧地”，句意为 “事故后她长时间生活在恐惧中”，其他选项 “happy（开心的）”“excited（兴奋的）”“joy（快乐）” 均不能与 “in” 搭配表示 “恐惧地”，故选 A。 ② B 【解析】 由 “so he never climbs mountains” 可知，他不爬山是因为 “害怕 heights（高度）”，“fear” 有 “害怕” 的含义，其他选项 “likes（喜欢）”“loves（热爱）”“enjoys（享受）” 均不符合语境，故选 B。 ③ C 【解析】 “for fear of” 是固定短语，意为 “唯恐，担心”，句意为 “他们安静地走路，唯恐吵醒宝宝”，其他选项 “in”“with”“on” 与 “fear of” 搭配无此含义，故选 C。 （2）单句填空 ① fear 【解析】 此处需要名词作主语，“fear” 作名词时意为 “恐惧”，“her fear of spiders” 表示 “她对蜘蛛的恐惧”，故填 fear。 ② fears 【解析】 句子描述一般情况，时态为一般现在时，主语 “He” 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，fear 的第三人称单数是 fears，故填 fears。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① overcome the fear of failure 【解析】 “克服” 是 “overcome”，“对失败的恐惧” 是 “the fear of failure”，“should” 后接动词原形，故填 overcome the fear of failure。 ② fears that she can't finish the work on time 【解析】 “担心……” 用 “fear that...”，主语 “She” 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用 fears，“按时完成工作” 是 “finish the work on time”，故填 fears that she can't finish the work on time。 4. up to 正在做；由某人决定 【用法释义】有两个主要含义，一是表示 “正在做（某事）”，通常用于口语中，主语多为人；二是表示 “由某人决定”，常与 “be” 动词连用，构成 “be up to sb” 结构。 【常用搭配】What are you up to?（你正在做什么？）、be up to sb to do sth（由某人决定做某事）、It's up to you.（由你决定。） 【典型例句】 （表示正在做）What are you up to this weekend?（这个周末你打算做什么？） （表示由某人决定）It's up to him to choose which university to attend.（由他决定选择哪所大学。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① —What ______ you ______ up to recently? —I've been busy with my homework. A. do; be B. are; be C. are; up D. do; up ② It's ______ you to decide whether we go to the park or the zoo. A. up to B. up for C. to up D. for up ③ My parents said that it was up to me ______ which book to read. A. choose B. to choose C. choosing D. chose （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① —What ______ (be) you up to yesterday evening? —I was watching a movie at home. ② It ______ (be) up to the manager to make the final decision. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① —______ (你最近在忙什么)？ —I'm preparing for the coming exam. ② ______ (由我们决定) to make our school a better place. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① C 【解析】 “What are you up to...?” 是固定句型，意为 “你…… 在忙什么？”，根据 “recently” 和答语可知用现在进行时，故填 “are; up”，选 C。 ② A 【解析】 “It's up to sb to do sth” 是固定句型，意为 “由某人决定做某事”，句意为 “由你决定我们去公园还是动物园”，其他选项搭配错误，故选 A。 ③ B 【解析】 “It's up to sb to do sth”，此处 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，故填 “to choose”，选 B。 （2）单句填空 ① were 【解析】 由 “yesterday evening（昨晚）” 可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语 “you” 是第二人称，be 动词用 were，故填 were。 ② is 【解析】 句子描述一般情况，时态为一般现在时，主语 “It” 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 is，故填 is。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① What are you up to recently 【解析】 “你最近在忙什么” 用固定句型 “What are you up to recently?”，故填 What are you up to recently。 ② It's up to us 【解析】 “由我们决定” 用 “It's up to us”，故填 It's up to us。 5. give up 放弃 【用法释义】指停止做某事、放弃某个计划、目标或不再坚持某种想法、习惯等。 【常用搭配】give up doing sth（放弃做某事）、give up one's job（放弃工作）、give up hope（放弃希望）、never give up（永不放弃） 【典型例句】 He decided to give up smoking because it's bad for his health.（他决定戒烟，因为吸烟对他的健康有害。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① You should never ______ hope, no matter how difficult the situation is. A. give in B. give up C. give out D. give away ② She ______ eating sweet food to lose weight. A. gave up B. gave in C. gave out D. gave away ③ My brother ______ his hobby of playing the piano because he was too busy. A. took up B. gave up C. picked up D. looked up （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① He finally ______ (give) up his dream of becoming a singer. ② They advised me ______ (give) up drinking coffee before going to bed. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Don't ______ (放弃学习英语)，it's very useful. ② The athlete ______ (从未放弃过赢得比赛的机会)。 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① B 【解析】 句意为 “无论情况多么困难，你都不应该______希望”，“give up” 意为 “放弃”，符合语境；“give in（屈服）”“give out（分发）”“give away（赠送）” 均不符合，故选 B。 ② A 【解析】 句意为 “她为了减肥______吃甜食”，“give up doing sth” 意为 “放弃做某事”，此处用一般过去时，“gave up” 符合语境；“gave in（屈服）”“gave out（分发）”“gave away（赠送）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ③ B 【解析】 由 “because he was too busy” 可知，哥哥因为忙 “放弃” 了弹钢琴的爱好，“give up” 意为 “放弃”；“took up（开始从事）”“picked up（捡起）”“looked up（查阅）” 均不符合，故选 B。 （2）单句填空 ① gave 【解析】 句子描述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，give 的过去式是 gave，故填 gave。 ② to give 【解析】 “advise sb to do sth” 是固定用法，意为 “建议某人做某事”，故填 to give。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① give up learning English 【解析】 “放弃做某事” 用 “give up doing sth”，“学习英语” 是 “learn English”，“Don't” 后接动词原形，故填 give up learning English。 ② never gives up the chance to win the game 【解析】 “从未放弃” 是 “never give up”，主语 “The athlete” 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用 gives，“赢得比赛的机会” 是 “the chance to win the game”，故填 never gives up the chance to win the game。 6. return n.&v. 回来；归还 【用法释义】作动词时，可表示 “回来、返回”，指从某地回到原来的地方；也可表示 “归还”，指把某物还给某人或原处。作名词时，指 “回来、返回” 或 “归还” 的行为。 【常用搭配】（v.）return to sp（回到某地）、return sth to sb（把某物归还给某人）、return home（回家） （n.）the return of sb/sth（某人 / 某物的回来 / 归还）、on one's return（在某人回来时） 【典型例句】 （v.）She will return to her hometown next month.（她下个月将回到家乡。） （n.）We are looking forward to his return from abroad.（我们期待着他从国外回来。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① He ______ the book to the library yesterday. A. returned B. gave C. sent D. took ② When will you ______ to school after the holiday? A. go B. return C. come D. arrive ③ On ______ return, she found that her house was broken into. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① His ______ (return) made his family very happy. ② I ______ (return) the money to him as soon as I get my salary. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Please ______ (把字典归还给我) as soon as you finish using it. ② They ______ (预计下周回到北京) after their trip. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① A 【解析】 句意为 “他昨天把书______图书馆了”，“return sth to sp” 意为 “把某物归还给某地”，符合语境；“gave（给）”“sent（发送）”“took（拿）” 均不符合 “归还” 的含义，故选 A。 ② B 【解析】 句意为 “假期后你什么时候______学校？”，“return to sp” 意为 “回到某地”，符合语境；“go to（去）”“come to（来）”“arrive at（到达）” 均没有 “返回” 的含义，故选 B。 ③ B 【解析】 “on one's return” 是固定短语，意为 “在某人回来时”，one's 用形容词性物主代词，“her” 符合，其他选项 “she（主格）”“hers（名词性物主代词）”“herself（反身代词）” 均不符合，故选 B。 （2）单句填空 ① return 【解析】 此处需要名词作主语，“return” 作名词时意为 “回来”，“his return” 表示 “他的回来”，故填 return。 ② will return 【解析】 由 “as soon as I get my salary（我一拿到工资就……）” 可知，主句用一般将来时，谓语动词用 “will + 动词原形”，故填 will return。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① return the dictionary to me 【解析】 “把某物归还给某人” 用 “return sth to sb”，“字典” 是 “the dictionary”，“我” 用宾格 me，“Please” 后接动词原形，故填 return the dictionary to me。 ② are expected to return to Beijing next week 【解析】 “预计” 用 “be expected to do sth”，主语 “They” 是复数，be 动词用 are，“回到北京” 是 “return to Beijing”，“下周” 是 “next week”，故填 are expected to return to Beijing next week。 7. deal n. 交易；协议；v.(dealt, dealt) 对付 【用法释义】作名词时，指双方达成的 “交易、协议”；作动词时，意为 “对付、处理”，常与 with 搭配。 【常用搭配】（n.）make a deal（达成交易）、a deal between...and...（…… 和…… 之间的协议）、a good deal（一笔好交易） （v.）deal with（对付；处理）、deal with problems（处理问题） 【典型例句】 （n.）The two companies made a deal on the cooperation project.（这两家公司就合作项目达成了交易。） （v.）She is good at dealing with difficult people.（她善于对付难相处的人。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① The two countries have made a ______ to increase trade between them. A. talk B. deal C. conversation D. speech ② He doesn't know how to ______ with the angry customer. A. do B. make C. deal D. take ③ We finally ______ a deal after three hours of discussion. A. did B. made C. dealt D. took （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The manager has ______ (deal) with many important matters this week. ② They hope to make a ______ (deal) with the new supplier. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① The teacher taught us how to ______ (处理学习中遇到的问题)。 ② After a long negotiation, the two sides ______ (达成了一项重要协议)。 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① B 【解析】 “make a deal” 是固定短语，意为 “达成协议 / 交易”，句意为 “这两个国家达成了一项增加彼此间贸易的协议”，其他选项 “talk（谈话）”“conversation（对话）”“speech（演讲）” 均不符合，故选 B。 ② C 【解析】 “deal with” 是固定短语，意为 “对付；处理”，句意为 “他不知道如何对付那个愤怒的顾客”，其他选项 “do with（处理，常与 what 连用）”“make with（做出）”“take with（随身携带）” 均不符合，故选 C。 ③ B 【解析】 “make a deal” 是固定短语，意为 “达成交易 / 协议”，句意为 “经过三个小时的讨论，我们终于达成了交易”，其他选项搭配错误，故选 B。 （2）单句填空 ① dealt 【解析】 由 “has” 和 “this week” 可知，句子时态为现在完成时，谓语动词用过去分词，deal 的过去分词是 dealt，故填 dealt。 ② deal 【解析】 “make a deal” 是固定短语，意为 “达成协议 / 交易”，故填 deal。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① deal with the problems we meet in study 【解析】 “处理” 用 “deal with”，“学习中遇到的问题” 是 “the problems we meet in study”，“how to” 后接动词原形，故填 deal with the problems we meet in study。 ② made an important deal 【解析】 “达成协议” 用 “make a deal”，“重要的” 是 “important”，an 用于元音音素开头的单词前，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，make 的过去式是 made，故填 made an important deal。 8. manage v. 完成 (困难的事); 管理 【用法释义】既可以表示通过努力 “完成（困难的事）”，强调克服困难达成目标；也可以表示 “管理、经营”，指对人、事物或机构进行组织、安排和控制。 【常用搭配】manage to do sth（成功完成某事）、manage a company（管理一家公司）、manage time（管理时间）、manage a team（管理一个团队） 【典型例句】 She managed to finish the work on time even though she was very tired.（尽管她非常累，还是设法按时完成了工作。） He manages a big hotel in the city center.（他在市中心管理一家大饭店。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① She ______ to pass the exam with the help of her teachers. A. tried B. managed C. wanted D. hoped ② He is good at ______ his time, so he always has time to do what he likes. A. managing B. doing C. making D. taking ③ The new boss will ______ the company from next month. A. take B. make C. manage D. do （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① They ______ (manage) to climb to the top of the mountain yesterday. ② She has the ability ______ (manage) a team of more than 50 people. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① We ______ (设法在天黑前到达了目的地) after a long journey. ② The manager ______ (善于管理公司的日常事务)。 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① B 【解析】 “manage to do sth” 意为 “成功完成某事”，句意为 “在老师的帮助下，她成功通过了考试”；“tried to do sth（努力做某事，不一定成功）”“wanted to do sth（想要做某事）”“hoped to do sth（希望做某事）” 均不符合 “成功通过” 的含义，故选 B。 ② A 【解析】 句意为 “他善于______时间，所以他总是有时间做自己喜欢的事”，“manage time” 意为 “管理时间”，符合语境；“doing time（服刑）”“making time（腾出时间）”“taking time（花费时间）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ③ C 【解析】 句意为 “新老板从下个月开始将______这家公司”，“manage the company” 意为 “管理公司”，符合语境；“take the company（接管公司，常与 over 连用）”“make the company（创办公司）”“do the company（无此搭配）” 均不符合，故选 C。 （2）单句填空 ① managed 【解析】 由 “yesterday（昨天）” 可知，句子时态为一般过去时，manage 的过去式是 managed，故填 managed。 ② to manage 【解析】 “have the ability to do sth” 是固定用法，意为 “有能力做某事”，故填 to manage。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① managed to reach the destination before dark 【解析】 “设法做某事” 用 “manage to do sth”，“到达目的地” 是 “reach the destination”，“天黑前” 是 “before dark”，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，manage 的过去式是 managed，故填 managed to reach the destination before dark。 ② is good at managing the daily affairs of the company 【解析】 “善于做某事” 用 “be good at doing sth”，“管理日常事务” 是 “manage the daily affairs”，“公司的” 是 “of the company”，主语 “The manager” 是单数，be 动词用 is，故填 is good at managing the daily affairs of the company。 9. push v. 督促；推 【用法释义】一是表示 “推”，指用手或身体其他部位使物体移动；二是表示 “督促、催促”，指促使某人做某事或努力达到某个目标。 【常用搭配】push sth（推某物）、push sb to do sth（督促某人做某事）、push open the door（推开门）、push forward（推进；向前推） 【典型例句】 She pushed the heavy box to the corner of the room.（她把那个重箱子推到了房间的角落。） His parents always push him to study hard.（他的父母总是督促他努力学习。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① Can you help me ______ the cart? It's too heavy. A. pull B. push C. take D. bring ② The teacher often ______ her students to read more books. A. pushes B. pulls C. takes D. brings ③ He ______ the door open and walked into the room. A. pulled B. pushed C. took D. brought （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① She ______ (push) the baby stroller along the street every morning. ② My father always ______ (push) me to practice playing the guitar. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Please ______ (把椅子推到桌子旁边) so that I can sit down. ② The coach ______ (督促队员们刻苦训练) for the coming match. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① B 【解析】 由 “It's too heavy” 可知，需要 “推” 手推车，“push” 意为 “推”，符合语境；“pull（拉）”“take（拿）”“bring（带来）” 均不符合，故选 B。 ② A 【解析】 “push sb to do sth” 意为 “督促某人做某事”，句意为 “老师经常督促她的学生多读书”；“pull（拉）”“take（拿）”“bring（带来）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ③ B 【解析】 “push the door open” 意为 “推开门”，是常用表达，句意为 “他推开门走进了房间”；“pull the door open（拉开门）” 不符合常理（通常门是推开的），“take（拿）”“bring（带来）” 均不符合，故选 B。 （2）单句填空 ① pushes 【解析】 由 “every morning（每天早上）” 可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语 “She” 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，push 的第三人称单数是 pushes，故填 pushes。 ② pushes 【解析】 句子描述一般情况，时态为一般现在时，主语 “My father” 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用 pushes，故填 pushes。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① push the chair to the table 【解析】 “推” 用 “push”，“椅子” 是 “the chair”，“到桌子旁边” 是 “to the table”，“Please” 后接动词原形，故填 push the chair to the table。 ② pushes the team members to train hard 【解析】 “督促某人做某事” 用 “push sb to do sth”，“队员们” 是 “the team members”，“刻苦训练” 是 “train hard”，主语 “The coach” 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用 pushes，故填 pushes the team members to train hard。 10. chat v.&n. 闲聊 【用法释义】指轻松、随意地交谈，谈论的内容通常不是很正式或重要的事情。 【常用搭配】（v.）chat with sb（和某人闲聊）、chat about sth（闲聊某事）、chat online（网上聊天） （n.）have a chat（闲聊）、a friendly chat（友好的闲聊） 【典型例句】 （v.）I often chat with my friends on the phone after work.（下班后我经常和朋友们打电话闲聊。） （n.）We had a nice chat over a cup of coffee.（我们边喝咖啡边愉快地闲聊了一会儿。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① She likes to ______ with her neighbors in the afternoon. A. talk B. chat C. speak D. tell ② We had a ______ about our favorite movies last night. A. chat B. talk C. speech D. conversation ③ They often ______ online because they live in different cities. A. chat B. talk C. speak D. tell （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① My mother and her sister ______ (chat) on the phone every Sunday. ② We ______ (have) a pleasant chat with our old friend yesterday. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① I usually ______ (和我的同学在课间闲聊)。 ② They ______ (通过视频聊天分享彼此的生活) every weekend. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① B 【解析】 “chat with sb” 意为 “和某人闲聊”，强调轻松随意的交谈，符合 “和邻居在下午闲聊” 的语境；“talk with sb（和某人交谈，可正式可随意）”“speak with sb（和某人说话，侧重语言表达）”“tell sb sth（告诉某人某事）” 均不符合 “闲聊” 的含义，故选 B。 ② A 【解析】 “have a chat” 是固定短语，意为 “闲聊”，句意为 “昨晚我们闲聊了我们最喜欢的电影”；“have a talk（谈话，可能更正式）”“a speech（演讲）”“a conversation（对话）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ③ A 【解析】 “chat online” 是固定短语，意为 “网上聊天”，句意为 “他们经常网上聊天，因为他们住在不同的城市”；“talk online（网上交谈）”“speak online（网上说话）”“tell online（无此搭配）” 均不符合，故选 A。 （2）单句填空 ① chat 【解析】 由 “every Sunday（每个周日）” 可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语 “My mother and her sister” 是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填 chat。 ② had 【解析】 由 “yesterday（昨天）” 可知，句子时态为一般过去时，have 的过去式是 had，故填 had。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① chat with my classmates during the break 【解析】 “和某人闲聊” 用 “chat with sb”，“我的同学” 是 “my classmates”，“在课间” 是 “during the break”，句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时，故填 chat with my classmates during the break。 ② chat via video to share each other's lives 【解析】 “视频聊天” 用 “chat via video”，“分享彼此的生活” 是 “share each other's lives”，“通过……” 用 “via”，句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时，故填 chat via video to share each other's lives。 11. outing n. 出外游玩；远足 【用法释义】指为了娱乐、休闲而进行的短途外出活动，如郊游、远足、野餐等。 【常用搭配】go on an outing（去郊游；去远足）、have an outing（进行一次外出游玩）、a school outing（学校组织的郊游）、a family outing（家庭郊游） 【典型例句】 Our class will go on an outing to the park next Sunday.（我们班下周日将去公园郊游。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① The whole family is planning to ______ an outing to the beach this weekend. A. go B. have C. do D. make ② We had a great time during our ______ to the mountains last month. A. trip B. outing C. travel D. journey ③ The school often organizes ______ for students to get close to nature. A. outings B. trips C. travels D. journeys （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① They are looking forward to their ______ (outing) to the countryside next week. ② We had a wonderful ______ (outing) with our friends last Saturday. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① All the students ______ (期待着学校的郊游) next month. ② My parents and I ______ (上周进行了一次愉快的远足) to the lake. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① B 【解析】 “have an outing” 是固定短语，意为 “进行一次外出游玩”，句意为 “全家计划这周末去海滩郊游”；“go on an outing（去郊游）”，选项 A 缺少 “on”；“do an outing”“make an outing” 均为错误搭配，故选 B。 ② B 【解析】 “outing” 指短途的外出游玩、远足，符合 “去山里” 的短途活动；“trip（旅行，可长可短）”“travel（旅行，泛指）”“journey（旅行，常指长途）” 均没有 “短途游玩” 的含义，故选 B。 ③ A 【解析】 “organize outings” 意为 “组织郊游”，符合 “让学生亲近自然” 的语境；“trips（旅行）”“travels（旅行）”“journeys（旅行）” 均没有 “郊游、短途游玩” 的含义，故选 A。 （2）单句填空 ① outing 【解析】 形容词性物主代词 “their” 后接名词，“outing” 是可数名词，此处指 “去乡下的郊游”，用单数形式，故填 outing。 ② outing 【解析】 形容词 “wonderful” 后接名词，“have a wonderful outing” 意为 “进行一次愉快的郊游”，故填 outing。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① are looking forward to the school outing 【解析】 “期待着” 用 “be looking forward to”，主语 “All the students” 是复数，be 动词用 are，“学校的郊游” 是 “the school outing”，故填 are looking forward to the school outing。 ② had a pleasant outing 【解析】 “进行一次愉快的远足” 用 “have a pleasant outing”，“上周” 表明用一般过去时，have 的过去式是 had，故填 had a pleasant outing。 12. reduce v. 减少 【用法释义】指使数量、程度、规模、速度等变得比原来少或小。 【常用搭配】reduce pollution（减少污染）、reduce costs（降低成本）、reduce the number of（减少…… 的数量）、reduce by（减少了……）、reduce to（减少到……） 【典型例句】 We should take actions to reduce air pollution.（我们应该采取行动减少空气污染。） The company has reduced its staff by 10% this year.（这家公司今年已经裁员 10%。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① We can ______ waste by recycling paper and plastic. A. increase B. reduce C. rise D. raise ② The price of this product has been ______ by 20% since last month. A. increased B. reduced C. risen D. raised ③ They are trying to ______ the number of cars on the road to ease traffic jams. A. increase B. reduce C. rise D. raise （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The government is making efforts ______ (reduce) the unemployment rate. ② We have ______ (reduce) the use of plastic bags in our daily life. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① We should ______ (减少对一次性用品的依赖) to protect the environment. ② The factory ______ (已经将能耗降低到了去年的一半)。 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① B 【解析】 句意为 “我们可以通过回收纸和塑料来______浪费”，“reduce” 意为 “减少”，符合语境；“increase（增加）”“rise（上升）”“raise（提高）” 均不符合，故选 B。 ② B 【解析】 由 “by 20%” 可知，此处表示 “价格降低了 20%”，“reduce” 意为 “降低、减少”，此处用被动语态 “has been reduced”，符合语境；“increased（增加）”“risen（上升）”“raised（提高）” 均不符合，故选 B。 ③ B 【解析】 句意为 “他们正努力______路上的汽车数量以缓解交通拥堵”，“reduce the number of” 意为 “减少…… 的数量”，符合语境；“increase（增加）”“rise（上升）”“raise（提高）” 均不符合，故选 B。 （2）单句填空 ① to reduce 【解析】 “make efforts to do sth” 是固定用法， 意为 “努力做某事”，to 后接动词原形，故填 to reduce。 ② reduced 【解析】 由 “have” 可知，句子时态为现在完成时，谓语动词用过去分词，reduce 的过去分词是 reduced，故填 reduced。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① reduce the dependence on disposable products 【解析】 “减少对…… 的依赖” 可译为 “reduce the dependence on...”，“一次性用品” 是 “disposable products”，“should” 后接动词原形，故填 reduce the dependence on disposable products。 ② has reduced energy consumption to half of that last year 【解析】 “降低能耗” 是 “reduce energy consumption”，“到去年的一半” 用 “to half of that last year”，由 “已经” 可知句子时态为现在完成时，主语 “The factory” 是单数，助动词用 has，reduce 的过去分词是 reduced，故填 has reduced energy consumption to half of that last year。 13. stress n. 精神压力；紧张 【用法释义】指人在面对困难、压力或紧张情况时，内心产生的精神负担或紧张状态。 【常用搭配】mental stress（精神压力）、work stress（工作压力）、reduce stress（减轻压力）、under stress（处于压力之下）、cause stress（造成压力） 【典型例句】 Long working hours often cause a lot of stress for office workers.（长时间工作经常给上班族带来很大的压力。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① Regular exercise is a good way to ______ stress after work. A. increase B. reduce C. create D. cause ② Many students feel ______ stress before important exams. A. many B. few C. much D. little ③ She has been under a lot of ______ since she took this new job. A. stress B. happy C. excited D. joy （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① Too much ______ (stress) is bad for both physical and mental health. ② The doctor advised her to find ways to reduce ______ (stress) in her daily life. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Listening to music can help us ______ (减轻生活中的压力)。 ② Parents should pay attention to their children's ______ (学习压力) and help them relax. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① B 【解析】 句意为 “规律运动是下班后______压力的好方法”，“reduce stress” 意为 “减轻压力”，符合语境；“increase（增加）”“create（创造）”“cause（造成）” 均不符合，故选 B。 ② C 【解析】 “stress” 是不可数名词，“much” 修饰不可数名词，意为 “很多”，句意为 “很多学生在重要考试前感到很大压力”；“many（很多，修饰可数名词复数）”“few（很少，修饰可数名词复数）”“little（很少，修饰不可数名词，表否定）” 均不符合，故选 C。 ③ A 【解析】 “under stress” 是固定短语，意为 “处于压力之下”，句意为 “自从接受这份新工作后，她一直承受着很大压力”；“happy（开心的）”“excited（兴奋的）”“joy（快乐）” 均不符合，故选 A。 （2）单句填空 ① stress 【解析】 “stress” 是不可数名词，“too much” 后接不可数名词，意为 “太多压力”，故填 stress。 ② stress 【解析】 “reduce” 后接名词作宾语，“stress” 是不可数名词，意为 “减轻压力”，故填 stress。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① reduce stress in life 【解析】 “减轻压力” 用 “reduce stress”，“生活中的” 是 “in life”，“help sb do sth”，故填 reduce stress in life。 ② study stress 【解析】 “学习压力” 可译为 “study stress”，“children's” 后接名词短语，故填 study stress。 14. object n. 物品；宾语 【用法释义】作 “物品” 讲时，指具体的东西、物件；作 “宾语” 讲时，指语法中动作的承受者。 【常用搭配】common objects（常见物品）、everyday objects（日常物品）、direct object（直接宾语）、indirect object（间接宾语）、put an object（放置物品） 【典型例句】 （物品）Please put all the objects on the desk into the box.（请把桌子上所有的物品放进盒子里。） （宾语）In the sentence "She gave me a book", "a book" is the direct object and "me" is the indirect object.（在句子 “她给了我一本书” 中，“一本书” 是直接宾语，“我” 是间接宾语。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① You can find many interesting ______ in this museum, such as old coins and paintings. A. objects B. things C. matters D. substances ② In the sentence "He bought his sister a gift", "a gift" is the ______. A. subject B. object C. verb D. adjective ③ Please take this ______ to the teacher's office. It's a new teaching tool. A. object B. subject C. verb D. adverb （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The little boy likes to collect small ______ (object) like stones and shells. ② In English grammar, we need to learn how to identify the ______ (object) in a sentence. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Please list all the ______ (房间里的物品) on this piece of paper. ② The teacher explained to us how to distinguish between ______ (直接宾语和间接宾语) in a sentence. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① A 【解析】 句意为 “你可以在这个博物馆里找到很多有趣的______，比如古硬币和绘画”，“objects” 指具体的物品，符合语境；“things（泛指东西，较口语化）”“matters（指事情、事务）”“substances（指物质）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ② B 【解析】 句意为 “在句子‘他给他妹妹买了一份礼物’中，‘一份礼物’是______”，“object” 作语法术语时意为 “宾语”，“a gift” 是动词 “bought” 的承受者，即宾语；“subject（主语）”“verb（动词）”“adjective（形容词）” 均不符合，故选 B。 ③ A 【解析】 句意为 “请把这个______送到老师办公室，它是一个新的教学工具”，“object” 意为 “物品”，符合语境；“subject（科目；主语）”“verb（动词）”“adverb（副词）” 均不符合，故选 A。 （2）单句填空 ① objects 【解析】 “small” 后接名词，“object” 是可数名词，由 “stones and shells” 可知用复数形式，故填 objects。 ② object 【解析】 “the” 后接名词，此处指 “句子中的宾语”，“object” 作语法术语时为可数或不可数名词，此处用单数形式即可，故填 object。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① objects in the room 【解析】 “房间里的物品” 可译为 “objects in the room”，“all the” 后接可数名词复数，故填 objects in the room。 ② direct object and indirect object 【解析】 “直接宾语” 是 “direct object”，“间接宾语” 是 “indirect object”，用 “and” 连接，故填 direct object and indirect object。 15. allow v. 使…… 成为可能；允许 【用法释义】一是表示 “允许”，指许可某人做某事或允许某事发生；二是表示 “使…… 成为可能”，指为某事的发生提供条件。 【常用搭配】allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事）、allow doing sth（允许做某事）、allow sth to happen（允许某事发生）、allow for（考虑到；顾及） 【典型例句】 （允许）The school doesn't allow students to use mobile phones in class.（学校不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。） （使…… 成为可能）The new technology allows faster communication between people.（这项新技术使人们之间更快的沟通成为可能。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① My parents don't ______ me to stay out late on school nights. A. let B. allow C. make D. have ② This software ______ users to edit photos easily. A. allows B. lets C. makes D. has ③ The rules of the library ______ talking loudly, so we must keep quiet. A. allow B. don't allow C. encourage D. support （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The manager doesn't allow ______ (smoke) in the office. ② Her parents allowed her ______ (go) to the party with her friends last weekend. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① The company ______ (不允许员工在工作时间玩游戏)。 ② The wide roads ______ (使车辆快速通行成为可能) in this city. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① B 【解析】 “allow sb to do sth” 是固定用法，意为 “允许某人做某事”，句意为 “我父母不允许我在上学日的晚上熬夜”；“let sb do sth（让某人做某事，无 to）”“make sb do sth（使某人做某事，无 to）”“have sb do sth（让某人做某事，无 to）” 均不符合题干中的 “to stay”，故选 B。 ② A 【解析】 “allow sb to do sth” 意为 “允许某人做某事；使某人能做某事”，句意为 “这款软件让用户能轻松编辑照片”；“let/make/have sb do sth（均无 to）” 不符合题干中的 “to edit”，故选 A。 ③ B 【解析】 由 “so we must keep quiet” 可知，图书馆规则 “不允许” 大声说话，“don't allow” 符合语境；“allow（允许）”“encourage（鼓励）”“support（支持）” 均不符合，故选 B。 （2）单句填空 ① smoking 【解析】 “allow doing sth” 是固定用法，意为 “允许做某事”，故填 smoking。 ② to go 【解析】 “allow sb to do sth” 是固定用法，意为 “允许某人做某事”，由 “last weekend” 可知句子时态为一般过去时，但 “allow” 后接不定式结构不变，故填 to go。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① doesn't allow employees to play games during working hours 【解析】 “不允许某人做某事” 用 “don't allow sb to do sth”，主语 “The company” 是单数，助动词用 doesn't，“员工” 是 “employees”，“在工作时间” 是 “during working hours”，故填 doesn't allow employees to play games during working hours。 ② allow fast passage of vehicles 【解析】 “使…… 成为可能” 用 “allow...”，“车辆快速通行” 是 “fast passage of vehicles”，主语 “The wide roads” 是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填 allow fast passage of vehicles。 16. sense n. 感觉；感官 【用法释义】作 “感觉” 讲时，指内心的感受、直觉或对事物的感知；作 “感官” 讲时，指人体的视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉这五种感知器官。 【常用搭配】sense of smell（嗅觉）、sense of taste（味觉）、sense of humor（幽默感）、sense of direction（方向感）、have a sense of（有…… 的感觉 / 意识）、lose one's sense（失去理智） 【典型例句】 （感觉）She has a strong sense of responsibility for her work.（她对工作有很强的责任感。） （感官）Dogs have a better sense of smell than humans.（狗的嗅觉比人类灵敏。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① He has a good ______ of direction, so he never gets lost when traveling. A. sense B. feeling C. emotion D. thought ② Our five ______ help us know the world around us: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. A. senses B. feelings C. emotions D. thoughts ③ She has no ______ of humor, so she never laughs at my jokes. A. sense B. feeling C. emotion D. thought （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The blind man has a sharp ______ (sense) of hearing to help him move around. ② It's important for children to develop a ______ (sense) of independence from an early age. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① This dish has a strange ______ (味道)，maybe it's because of the special spice.（提示：用 “sense” 相关短语） ② People with a good ______ (幽默感) are usually popular among their friends. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① A 【解析】 “sense of direction” 是固定短语，意为 “方向感”，句意为 “他方向感很好，所以旅行时从不迷路”；“feeling（感觉，侧重情绪）”“emotion（情感）”“thought（想法）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ② A 【解析】 句意为 “我们的五种______帮助我们了解周围的世界：视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉”，“senses” 指 “感官”，符合语境；“feelings（感觉）”“emotions（情感）”“thoughts（想法）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ③ A 【解析】 “sense of humor” 是固定短语，意为 “幽默感”，句意为 “她没有幽默感，所以从不为我的笑话发笑”；“feeling（感觉）”“emotion（情感）”“thought（想法）” 均不符合，故选 A。 （2）单句填空 ① sense 【解析】 “sense of hearing” 是固定短语，意为 “听觉”，“a sharp sense of hearing” 意为 “敏锐的听觉”，故填 sense。 ② sense 【解析】 “sense of independence” 是固定短语，意为 “独立意识”，故填 sense。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① sense of taste 【解析】 “味道” 对应的 “感官相关短语” 是 “sense of taste”，“a strange sense of taste” 意为 “奇怪的味道”，故填 sense of taste。 ② sense of humor 【解析】 “幽默感” 是 “sense of humor”，“a good sense of humor” 意为 “良好的幽默感”，故填 sense of humor。 17. achievement n. 成就 【用法释义】指通过努力、奋斗所取得的成果、成绩或达到的目标，通常具有一定的价值或意义。 【常用搭配】great achievement（伟大的成就）、academic achievement（学业成就）、achieve one's achievement（取得某人的成就）、take pride in one's achievement（为某人的成就感到自豪）、make achievements（取得成就） 【典型例句】 His greatest achievement is developing a new type of energy-saving car.（他最大的成就是研发了一种新型节能汽车。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① She has made great ______ in her English study since she started taking the course. A. achievements B. progress C. success D. development ② We should take pride in our country's ______ in science and technology. A. achievements B. things C. matters D. substances ③ His hard work finally led to his ______ in the field of medicine. A. achievement B. failure C. loss D. difficulty （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① Everyone should be proud of their own ______ (achievement), no matter how small they are. ② The scientist devoted his life to making ______ (achievement) for human health. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① The athlete's ______ (奥运金牌是他最大的成就) in his sports career. ② We should encourage children to work hard to ______ (取得他们自己的成就)。 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① A 【解析】 “make achievements” 是固定短语，意为 “取得成就”，句意为 “自从开始上这门课，她在英语学习上取得了很大成就”；“progress（进步，make progress）”“success（成功，achieve success）”“development（发展，promote development）” 均不符合 “make...in” 的搭配，故选 A。 ② A 【解析】 句意为 “我们应该为祖国在科技领域的______感到自豪”，“achievements” 意为 “成就”，符合语境；“things（东西）”“matters（事情）”“substances（物质）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ③ A 【解析】 句意为 “他的努力工作最终使他在医学领域取得了______”，“achievement” 意为 “成就”，符合语境；“failure（失败）”“loss（损失）”“difficulty（困难）” 均不符合，故选 A。 （2）单句填空 ① achievements 【解析】 “their own” 后接名词，由 “they are” 可知用复数形式，“achievements” 意为 “成就”，故填 achievements。 ② achievements 【解析】 “make achievements” 是固定短语，意为 “取得成就”，用复数形式表泛指，故填 achievements。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Olympic gold medal is his greatest achievement 【解析】 “奥运金牌” 是 “Olympic gold medal”，“最大的成就” 是 “greatest achievement”，故填 Olympic gold medal is his greatest achievement。 ② achieve their own achievements 【解析】 “取得成就” 用 “achieve achievements”，“他们自己的” 是 “their own”，“to” 后接动词原形，故填 achieve their own achievements。 18. rather adv. 相当；更准确地说 【用法释义】作 “相当” 讲时，用于修饰形容词或副词，表示程度，相当于 “quite”；作 “更准确地说” 讲时，用于补充说明或纠正之前的说法。 【常用搭配】rather cold（相当冷）、rather difficult（相当难）、rather than（而不是）、or rather（更准确地说） 【典型例句】 （相当）The movie we watched last night was rather interesting.（我们昨晚看的电影相当有趣。） （更准确地说）She lives in Paris, or rather, in a small town near Paris.（她住在巴黎，更准确地说，是在巴黎附近的一个小镇。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① The weather today is ______ hot, so we decide to stay at home. A. rather B. very C. too D. so ② He is ______ a teacher than a writer—he spends most of his time teaching. A. rather B. more C. less D. quite ③ She arrived at 8 o'clock, ______ , 8:05 a.m. because the bus was late. A. rather B. or rather C. rather than D. more than （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① This math problem is ______ (rather) difficult for me to solve. ② He chose to stay at home ______ (rather) than go out with his friends. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① This book is ______ (相当有趣)，I have read it twice. ② She is a student, ______ (更准确地说)，a graduate student majoring in history. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① A 【解析】 “rather” 修饰形容词 “hot”，表示 “相当热”，符合语境；“very（非常）”“too（太，表否定）”“so（如此，常接 that 从句）” 均不符合题干中单纯表程度的用法，故选 A。 ② A 【解析】 “rather than” 是固定短语，意为 “而不是”，句意为 “他与其说是个作家，不如说是个老师 —— 他大部分时间都在教书”；“more than（多于）”“less than（少于）”“quite（相当）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ③ B 【解析】 “or rather” 是固定短语，意为 “更准确地说”，句意为 “她 8 点到的，更准确地说，是早上 8 点 05 分，因为公交车晚点了”；“rather（相当）”“rather than（而不是）”“more than（多于）” 均不符合，故选 B。 （2）单句填空 ① rather 【解析】 “rather” 是副词，直接修饰形容词 “difficult”，意为 “相当难”，故填 rather。 ② rather 【解析】 “rather than” 是固定短语，意为 “而不是”，故填 rather。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① rather interesting 【解析】 “相当有趣” 用 “rather interesting”，“rather” 修饰形容词 “interesting”，故填 rather interesting。 ② or rather 【解析】 “更准确地说” 是 “or rather”，用于补充说明，故填 or rather。 19. suggestion n. 建议；提议 【用法释义】指为解决问题、改进情况或实现目标而提出的想法、意见或计划，是可数名词。 【常用搭配】give a suggestion（提出建议）、make a suggestion（提出建议）、follow a suggestion（采纳建议）、accept a suggestion（接受建议）、offer suggestions（提供建议）、on one's suggestion（根据某人的建议） 【典型例句】 She gave me a useful suggestion on how to improve my writing skills.（她就如何提高我的写作技巧给了我一个有用的建议。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① Can you give me some ______ on how to prepare for the English exam? A. suggestions B. advices C. informations D. news ② We all agreed to follow his ______ to have a picnic this weekend. A. suggestion B. idea C. thought D. opinion ③ He made a ______ that we should visit the museum together next Sunday. A. suggestion B. fact C. truth D. reality （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The teacher offered some valuable ______ (suggestion) to help us improve our study habits. ② On her ______ (suggestion), we decided to change the date of the meeting. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① I hope you can ______ (接受我的建议) and try to exercise more. ② They ______ (提出了一个关于保护环境的建议) at the meeting yesterday. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① A 【解析】 “some” 后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，“suggestions” 是可数名词复数，意为 “建议”，符合语境；“advice（建议，不可数名词，无复数）”“information（信息，不可数名词）”“news（新闻，不可数名词）” 均不符合 “some...on” 的搭配及含义，故选 A。 ② A 【解析】 “follow one's suggestion” 是固定短语，意为 “采纳某人的建议”，句意为 “我们都同意采纳他的建议，这周末去野餐”；“idea（想法）”“thought（想法）”“opinion（观点）” 均无此搭配，故选 A。 ③ A 【解析】 “make a suggestion that...” 是固定句型，意为 “提出建议……”，that 引导同位语从句，句意为 “他提出建议，我们下周日一起去参观博物馆”；“fact（事实）”“truth（真相）”“reality（现实）” 均不符合，故选 A。 （2）单句填空 ① suggestions 【解析】 “some” 后接可数名词复数，“suggestion” 的复数形式是 suggestions，故填 suggestions。 ② suggestion 【解析】 “on one's suggestion” 是固定短语，意为 “根据某人的建议”，此处用单数形式，故填 suggestion。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① accept my suggestion 【解析】 “接受建议” 用 “accept a suggestion”，“我的建议” 是 “my suggestion”，“can” 后接动词原形，故填 accept my suggestion。 ② made a suggestion on protecting the environment 【解析】 “提出建议” 用 “make a suggestion on...”，“保护环境” 是 “protecting the environment”，由 “yesterday” 可知句子时态为一般过去时，make 的过去式是 made，故填 made a suggestion on protecting the environment。 20. failure n. 失败 【用法释义】指未能达到预期的目标、未能完成某事，或指失败的人或事物；可作可数或不可数名词。 【常用搭配】experience failure（经历失败）、fear failure（害怕失败）、the failure of sth（某事的失败）、a failure（一件失败的事；一个失败者）、learn from failure（从失败中学习） 【典型例句】 （不可数）Failure is the mother of success.（失败是成功之母。） （可数）His first attempt was a failure, but he didn't give up.（他的第一次尝试失败了，但他没有放弃。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① We shouldn't be afraid of ______ , because it can help us grow. A. failure B. success C. victory D. win ② His plan turned out to be a ______ , as it didn't solve the problem at all. A. failure B. success C. achievement D. progress ③ We can ______ a lot from failure and become better. A. learn B. teach C. study D. know （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① Don't let ______ (failure) stop you from trying again. ② The ______ (failure) of the project made everyone very disappointed. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① Everyone may ______ (经历失败) in their life, but we should keep going. ② He didn't lose heart after ______ (一次失败) and tried again. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① A 【解析】 句意为 “我们不应该害怕______，因为它能帮助我们成长”，“failure” 意为 “失败”，符合语境；“success（成功）”“victory（胜利）”“win（赢，动词）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ② A 【解析】 由 “as it didn't solve the problem at all” 可知，他的计划是 “一次失败”，“a failure” 意为 “一件失败的事”，符合语境；“success（成功）”“achievement（成就）”“progress（进步）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ③ A 【解析】 “learn from failure” 是固定短语，意为 “从失败中学习”，句意为 “我们可以从失败中学到很多，变得更好”；“teach（教）”“study（学习，侧重研究）”“know（知道）” 均不符合，故选 A。 （2）单句填空 ① failure 【解析】 “failure” 作不可数名词时意为 “失败”，此处泛指 “失败”，故填 failure。 ② failure 【解析】 “the failure of sth” 意为 “某事的失败”，此处指 “项目的失败”，用单数形式，故填 failure。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① experience failure 【解析】 “经历失败” 用 “experience failure”，“may” 后接动词原形，故填 experience failure。 ② a failure 【解析】 “一次失败” 用 “a failure”，“failure” 作可数名词时意为 “一次失败的事”，故填 a failure。 21. inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 【常用搭配】inspire sb to do sth（激励某人做某事）、inspire confidence（激发信心）、inspire hope（燃起希望）、be inspired by（受到…… 的激励 / 启发） 【典型例句】 His story of overcoming difficulties inspired many people to keep fighting.（他克服困难的故事激励了很多人继续奋斗。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① The teacher's encouraging words ______ the students to work harder. A. inspired B. made C. let D. had ② She was ______ by her mother's perseverance and decided to pursue her dream. A. inspired B. interested C. excited D. surprised ③ His paintings ______ a lot of artists and influenced their works. A. inspired B. taught C. learned D. knew （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The great scientist ______ (inspire) many young people to study science. ② We were ______ (inspire) by the athletes' spirit of never giving up. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① The movie about superheroes ______ (激励孩子们勇敢面对困难)。 ② Her dedication to her work ______ (激发了同事们的热情)。 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① A 【解析】 “inspire sb to do sth” 是固定用法，意为 “激励某人做某事”，句意为 “老师鼓励的话语激励学生们更加努力学习”；“make/let/have sb do sth（均无 to）” 不符合题干中的 “to work”，故选 A。 ② A 【解析】 “be inspired by” 是固定短语，意为 “受到…… 的激励”，句意为 “她受到母亲毅力的激励，决定追求自己的梦想”；“be interested by（无此搭配，应为 in）”“be excited by（被…… 使兴奋）”“be surprised by（被…… 使惊讶）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ③ A 【解析】 句意为 “他的画作______了很多艺术家，影响了他们的作品”，“inspired” 意为 “激励；启发”，符合语境；“taught（教）”“learned（学习）”“knew（知道）” 均不符合，故选 A。 （2）单句填空 ① inspires 【解析】 句子描述一般情况，时态为一般现在时，主语 “The great scientist” 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，inspire 的第三人称单数是 inspires，故填 inspires。 ② inspired 【解析】 “be inspired by” 是固定短语，意为 “受到…… 的激励”，此处用过去分词构成被动语态，故填 inspired。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① inspires children to face difficulties bravely 【解析】 “激励某人做某事” 用 “inspire sb to do sth”，“孩子们” 是 “children”，“勇敢面对困难” 是 “face difficulties bravely”，句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语 “The movie” 是单数，谓语动词用 inspires，故填 inspires children to face difficulties bravely。 ② inspired the enthusiasm of her colleagues 【解析】 “激发热情” 用 “inspire the enthusiasm”，“同事们的” 是 “of her colleagues”，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，inspire 的过去式是 inspired，故填 inspired the enthusiasm of her colleagues。 22. strict adj. 严厉的；严格的 【用法释义】指对人或事物要求高、标准严，不允许违反规则或出现差错；可用于形容人或规则、制度等。 【常用搭配】be strict with sb（对某人严厉 / 严格）、be strict in sth（在某事上严格）、strict rules（严格的规则）、a strict teacher（严厉的老师） 【典型例句】 My mother is strict with me in my study—she always asks me to finish my homework on time.（我妈妈在学习上对我很严格 —— 她总是要求我按时完成作业。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① Our teacher is very ______ with us, but we all know she cares about us. A. kind B. strict C. friendly D. gentle ② The company has ______ rules about working hours—no one can be late. A. strict B. loose C. easy D. soft ③ Parents should be ______ with their children but not too harsh. A. strict B. kind C. friendly D. patient （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① The headmaster is ______ (strict) with the students' behavior in school. ② She is ______ (strict) in her work and never makes mistakes. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① The coach ______ (对队员们的训练要求很严格) to improve their skills. ② Our school ______ (在考勤方面很严格)，so students must attend classes on time. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① B 【解析】 “be strict with sb” 是固定短语，意为 “对某人严厉 / 严格”，句意为 “我们老师对我们很严格，但我们都知道她关心我们”；“kind（友好的）”“friendly（友好的）”“gentle（温和的）” 均不符合，故选 B。 ② A 【解析】 由 “no one can be late” 可知，公司关于工作时间的规则是 “严格的”，“strict” 意为 “严格的”，符合语境；“loose（宽松的）”“easy（容易的）”“soft（柔软的）” 均不符合，故选 A。 ③ A 【解析】 “be strict with sb” 意为 “对某人严格”，句意为 “父母应该对孩子严格，但不要太苛刻”；“kind（友好的）”“friendly（友好的）”“patient（耐心的）” 均不符合，故选 A。 （2）单句填空 ① strict 【解析】 “be strict with sb in sth” 是固定短语，意为 “在某事上对某人严格”，此处用形容词原级，故填 strict。 ② strict 【解析】 “be strict in sth” 是固定短语，意为 “在某事上严格”，此处用形容词原级，故填 strict。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① is strict with the team members in their training 【解析】 “对某人在某事上严格” 用 “be strict with sb in sth”，“队员们” 是 “the team members”，“训练” 是 “their training”，主语 “The coach” 是单数，be 动词用 is，故填 is strict with the team members in their training。 ② is strict in attendance 【解析】 “在考勤方面严格” 用 “be strict in attendance”，主语 “Our school” 是单数，be 动词用 is，故填 is strict in attendance。 23. so far 到目前为止 【用法释义】指从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的时间段，常与现在完成时连用，表示 “到目前为止”“迄今为止”。 【常用搭配】so far（到目前为止，用于句末或句首）、have done sth so far（到目前为止已经做了某事）、so far so good（到目前为止一切顺利） 【典型例句】 We have learned 200 new words so far this term.（这学期到目前为止，我们已经学了 200 个新单词。） So far, no one has found the missing child.（到目前为止，还没有人找到那个失踪的孩子。） 巩｜固｜练｜习 （1）单项选择 ① We ______ three English songs so far this month. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. will learn ② ______ , we have received more than 100 applications for the job. A. So far B. From now on C. In the future D. At first ③ The project is going well ______ , and we hope to finish it on time. A. so far B. at once C. right now D. in the end （2）单句填空（用所给单词适当形式填空） ① They ______ (build) three new schools in this area so far. ② So far, I ______ (not receive) any reply from the company. （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① ______ (到目前为止)，we have solved most of the problems in the project. ② He ______ (到目前为止已经读了五本英文小说) this year. 答案与解析 （1）单项选择 ① C 【解析】 “so far” 是现在完成时的标志词，意为 “到目前为止”，句子时态用现在完成时 “have/has + 过去分词”，主语 “We” 是复数，助动词用 have，learn 的过去分词是 learned，故选 C。 ② A 【解析】 “so far” 意为 “到目前为止”，用于句首，句意为 “到目前为止，我们已经收到了 100 多份这份工作的申请”；“From now on（从现在开始）”“In the future（在未来）”“At first（起初）” 均不符合现在完成时的语境，故选 A。 ③ A 【解析】 “so far” 意为 “到目前为止”，句意为 “这个项目到目前为止进展顺利，我们希望能按时完成”；“at once（立刻）”“right now（现在）”“in the end（最后）” 均不符合，故选 A。 （2）单句填空 ① have built 【解析】 “so far” 是现在完成时的标志词，句子时态用现在完成时，主语 “They” 是复数，助动词用 have，build 的过去分词是 built，故填 have built。 ② haven't received 【解析】 “so far” 是现在完成时的标志词，句子时态用现在完成时，否定形式为 “haven't/hasn't + 过去分词”，主语 “I” 是第一人称，助动词用 have，receive 的过去分词是 received，故填 haven't received。 （3）根据汉语提示完成句子 ① So far 【解析】 “到目前为止” 是固定短语 “so far”，位于句首首字母大写，故填 So far。 ② has read five English novels so far 【解析】 “到目前为止” 用 “so far”，句子时态用现在完成时，“读英文小说” 是 “read English novels”，主语 “He” 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has，read 的过去分词是 read，故填 has read five English novels so far。 ◇Part 03 词汇强化训练 提｜升｜练｜习 单项选择 1. My cousin is interested in Chinese ______, and she spends two hours practicing it every day. A. calligraphy B.yoga C.outing D.stress 2. Tom wants to learn how to ______ because he plans to go to the snowy mountain this winter. A. chat B.ski C.coin D.stamp 3. My brother is a ______, and he can write computer ______ for different apps. A. programmer; programs B.instructor; objects C.teenager; poems D.foreigner; stages 4. We should ______ our thanks to our parents for their hard work. A. reduce B.push C.express D.inspire 5. Our swimming ______ is very patient, and he teaches us every basic skill carefully. A. sense B.achievement C.failure D.instructor 6. The little boy is ______ darkness, so he always sleeps with a light on. A. proud of B.scared of C.full of D.tired of 7. She couldn’t hide her ______ when she saw the big snake in the grass. A. fear B.ink C.deal D.suggestion 8. With the help of her friends, Lily finally ______ the difficulty of learning math. A. got into B.gave up C.got over D.gave it a go 9. It’s ______ you to decide whether we go hiking or stay at home this weekend. A. up to B.in return C.so far D.once in a while 10. My English teacher asked us to write a short ______ about spring. A. postcard B.poem C.stamp D.coin 11. He lives a ______ life now, but he hopes to find a partner soon. A. single B.old-fashioned C.foreign D.teenage 12. Each ______ of the Chinese character “bi” (笔) has its special meaning. A. stroke B.stage C.object D.sense 13. Don’t ______ learning English easily—practice makes perfect. A. give up B.get over C.push away D.return to 14. You need to use black ______ to write calligraphy on this rice paper. A. stress B.ink C.yoga D.achievement 15. Could you please ______ the book to the library after you finish reading it? A. return B.reduce C.allow D.chat 16. I helped my neighbor fix his bike, and he invited me to dinner ______. A. in fact B.in return C.in total D.in time 17. We made a ______ to help each other with our homework every evening. A. deal B.failure C.suggestion D.stage 18. Though the task is hard, I believe we can ______ to finish it on time. A. manage B.push C.reduce D.chat 19. How did you ______ collecting postcards? It seems so interesting. A. get into B.give up C.get over D.give it a go 20. Why not ______ playing the guitar? You might find you like it. A. get into B.give it a go C.in return D.once in a while 21. Many foreigners are interested in Chinese ______ like Tai Chi and Shaolin. A. yoga B.calligraphy C.kung fu D.outing 22. His parents always ______ him to study hard, but they never force him. A. push B.allow C.inspire D.reduce 23. I taught ______ to play the piano by watching online videos. A. myself B.yourself C.himself D.herself 24. We don’t see each other often, just ______ when we have holidays. A. so far B.once in a while C.in return D.up to 25. My classmates and I often ______ about our favorite movies after class. A. chat B.deal C.sense D.inspire 26. Our class will ______ next Saturday—we’re going to the national park. A. go on an outing B.give it a go C.get over D.reduce stress 27. Doing exercise regularly can help ______ stress and keep us healthy. A. increase B.reduce C.push D.allow 28. Too much schoolwork gives students a lot of ______, so they need to relax. A. achievement B.failure C.stress D.sense 29. My mother practices ______ every morning to keep her body and mind calm. A. kung fu B.yoga C.calligraphy D.skiing 30. The main ______ of this story is that friendship is more important than money. A. object B.sense C.achievement D.suggestion 31. My aunt married an ______ man, and they now live in Rome. A. foreign B.Italian C.teenage D.old-fashioned 32. The school doesn’t ______ students to use mobile phones in class. A. allow B.push C.inspire D.manage 33. She has a good ______ of direction, so she never gets lost in a new city. A. sense B.object C.failure D.stage 34. Winning the English competition was a great ______ for the hard-working girl. A. stress B.failure C.achievement D.suggestion 35. My grandfather likes collecting ______ from different countries. A. poems B.postcards C.coins D.strokes 36. She sent me a ______ with a beautiful picture of the Eiffel Tower when she visited Paris. A. stamp B.postcard C.coin D.object 37. This dress is ______ big for me—do you have a smaller size? A. rather B.surprisingly C.importantly D.foreignly 38. My grandfather still uses a ______ radio instead of a smart one. A. single B.teenage C.old-fashioned D.Italian 39. Many ______ students come to study in our school every year. A. foreign B.single C.old-fashioned D.teenage 40. She has always ______ becoming a doctor to help sick people. A. dreamed of B.given up C.got over D.in return 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. C 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. A 【解析】 1. calligraphy 意为“书法”，结合“practicing it every day”可知符合“对中国书法感兴趣”的语境；B选项yoga（瑜伽）、C选项outing（远足）、D选项stress（压力）均不符合句意。 2. ski 意为“滑雪”，与后句“去雪山”的场景匹配；A选项chat（聊天）、C选项coin（硬币）、D选项stamp（邮票）均无关联。 3. programmer 意为“程序设计员”，program 意为“程序”，句意为“哥哥是程序设计员，能为不同应用写程序”；B选项instructor（教练）、object（物品），C选项teenager（青少年）、poems（诗），D选项foreigner（外国人）、stages（舞台）均不符合逻辑。 4. express 意为“表达；表示”，“express thanks”为固定搭配“表达感谢”；A选项reduce（减少）、B选项push（督促）、D选项inspire（激励）均无法与“thanks”搭配。 5. instructor 意为“教练；指导者”，“swimming instructor”即“游泳教练”，符合“耐心教基础技能”的语境；A选项sense（感觉）、B选项achievement（成就）、C选项failure（失败）均不相关。 6. scared of 意为“害怕；恐惧”，结合“开着灯睡觉”可知“害怕黑暗”；A选项proud of（为……骄傲）、C选项full of（充满）、D选项tired of（厌倦）均不符合句意。 7. fear 意为“害怕；担忧”，看到大蛇时会“隐藏不住恐惧”；B选项ink（墨水）、C选项deal（交易）、D选项suggestion（建议）均无逻辑关联。 8. get over 意为“克服（困难）”，句意为“在朋友帮助下克服数学学习的困难”；A选项got into（开始做）、B选项gave up（放弃）、D选项gave it a go（试一试）均不符合语境。 9. up to 意为“由某人决定”，“It’s up to you”为固定句型“由你决定”；B选项in return（作为回报）、C选项so far（到目前为止）、D选项once in a while（偶尔）均无法构成该句型。 10. poem 意为“诗”，“write a short poem”即“写一首短诗”；A选项postcard（明信片）、C选项stamp（邮票）、D选项coin（硬币）均不符合“关于春天”的写作内容。 11. single 意为“单身的”，结合“希望找到伴侣”可知“过着单身生活”；B选项old-fashioned（过时的）、C选项foreign（外国的）、D选项teenage（青少年的）均不符合句意。 12. stroke 意为“笔画”，汉字“笔”的每一笔有特殊含义；B选项stage（舞台）、C选项object（物品）、D选项sense（感觉）均与汉字结构无关。 13. give up 意为“放弃”，句意为“不要轻易放弃学英语”；A选项get over（克服）、C选项push away（推开）、D选项return to（返回）均不符合“坚持练习”的语境。 14. ink 意为“墨水”，“用黑墨水在宣纸上写书法”符合常识；A选项stress（压力）、C选项yoga（瑜伽）、D选项achievement（成就）均不相关。 15. return 意为“归还”，“return the book to the library”即“把书还回图书馆”；B选项reduce（减少）、C选项allow（允许）、D选项chat（聊天）均不符合句意。 16. in return 意为“作为回报”，“帮邻居修自行车，他请吃饭作为回报”符合逻辑；A选项in fact（事实上）、C选项in total（总共）、D选项in time（及时）均无关联。 17. deal 意为“交易；协议”，“make a deal”为固定搭配“达成协议”；B选项failure（失败）、C选项suggestion（建议）、D选项stage（舞台）均无法构成该搭配。 18. manage 意为“完成（困难的事）”，句意为“尽管任务难，但能按时完成”；B选项push（督促）、C选项reduce（减少）、D选项chat（聊天）均不符合语境。 19. get into 意为“开始做某事”，句意为“你怎么开始收集明信片的”；B选项give up（放弃）、C选项get over（克服）、D选项give it a go（试一试）均不符合句意。 20. give it a go 意为“试一试某事”，“为什么不试试弹吉他”符合语境；A选项get into（开始做）、C选项in return（作为回报）、D选项once in a while（偶尔）均无此含义。 21. kung fu 意为“功夫”，太极和少林均属于中国功夫；A选项yoga（瑜伽）、B选项calligraphy（书法）、D选项outing（远足）均不匹配。 22. push 意为“督促”，句意为“父母督促努力学习但不强迫”；B选项allow（允许）、C选项inspire（激励）、D选项reduce（减少）均不符合语境。 23. myself 意为“我自己”，主语为I，反身代词用myself，“自学弹钢琴”；B选项yourself（你自己）、C选项himself（他自己）、D选项herself（她自己）均与主语不一致。 24. once in a while 意为“偶尔地；间或”，结合“不常见面”可知“假期偶尔见”；A选项so far（到目前为止）、C选项in return（作为回报）、D选项up to（由某人决定）均不符合句意。 25. chat 意为“闲聊”，“课后闲聊喜欢的电影”符合语境；B选项deal（交易）、C选项sense（感觉）、D选项inspire（激励）均无此含义。 26. go on an outing 意为“出外游玩”，后句“去国家公园”是远足的场景；B选项give it a go（试一试）、C选项get over（克服）、D选项reduce stress（减压）均不符合。 27. reduce 意为“减少”，“规律锻炼能减少压力”符合常识；A选项increase（增加）、C选项push（督促）、D选项allow（允许）均不符合句意。 28. stress 意为“精神压力；紧张”，“太多作业给学生带来压力”；A选项achievement（成就）、B选项failure（失败）、D选项sense（感觉）均不相关。 29. yoga 意为“瑜伽”，“练瑜伽保持身心平静”是瑜伽的常见功效；A选项kung fu（功夫）、C选项calligraphy（书法）、D选项skiing（滑雪）均无此作用。 30. object 意为“物品；主旨”，此处指故事的“主旨”；B选项sense（感觉）、C选项achievement（成就）、D选项suggestion（建议）均不符合句意。 31. Italian 意为“意大利的；意大利人”，后句“住在罗马”可知是意大利人；A选项foreign（外国的）范围过广，C选项teenage（青少年的）、D选项old-fashioned（过时的）均不符合。 32. allow 意为“允许”，“学校不允许课堂用手机”；B选项push（督促）、C选项inspire（激励）、D选项manage（管理）均不符合语境。 33. sense 意为“感觉；感官”，“a sense of direction”为固定搭配“方向感”；B选项object（物品）、C选项failure（失败）、D选项stage（舞台）均无法构成该搭配。 34. achievement 意为“成就”，“赢得英语竞赛是巨大成就”；A选项stress（压力）、B选项failure（失败）、D选项suggestion（建议）均不符合句意。 35. coins 意为“硬币”，“收集不同国家的硬币”是常见爱好；A选项poems（诗）、B选项postcards（明信片）、D选项strokes（笔画）均不符合“收集”的对象。 36. postcard 意为“明信片”，“参观巴黎时寄带有埃菲尔铁塔的明信片”符合场景；A选项stamp（邮票）、C选项coin（硬币）、D选项object（物品）均无此用途。 37. rather 意为“相当”，“这条裙子对我来说相当大”；B选项surprisingly（出人意料地）、C选项importantly（重要地）、D选项foreignly（外国地）均不符合语境。 38. old-fashioned 意为“过时的；守旧的”，“用老式收音机而不用智能的”；A选项single（单身的）、B选项teenage（青少年的）、D选项Italian（意大利的）均不符合句意。 39. foreign 意为“外国的；国外的”，“外国学生来我校学习”；B选项single（单身的）、C选项old-fashioned（过时的）、D选项teenage（青少年的）均不符合语境。 40. dreamed of 意为“梦想；希望”，“梦想成为医生帮助病人”；B选项given up（放弃）、C选项got over（克服）、D选项in return（作为回报）均不符合句意，且D选项为介词短语，无法作谓语。 $