专题01 非谓语动词作主语，宾语，表语和宾语补足语（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期译林版

专题01 非谓语动词(主语,宾语,表语,补足语)（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考I卷 不定式作宾语 【考向透视】 1.聚焦非谓语动词运用：重点考查非谓语动词作足语,宾语,表语和宾语补足语。 2.重视特殊结构：“it 的形式主语/宾语的句型。 3.结合语境考查：将非谓语动词融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断非谓语动词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。 4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法：牢记非谓语动词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断非谓语动词词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。 2.突破难点易错点：攻克“it 形式主语/宾语”结构、非谓语动词和,名词性从句的辨析。 3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写非谓语动词，提高语法填空的准确率。 4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用非谓语动词，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。 1月浙江 动名词作宾语 北京高考 过去分词作宾语补足语 2024 全国甲卷 不定式作宾语 新高考I卷 过去分词作表语 全国乙卷 动名词作宾语 2023 新高考I卷 不定式作宾语 新高考I卷 不定式作宾语补足语 新高考I卷 现在分词作主语补足语 ( 非谓语动词之主语 ) 知识点01 动词不定式作主语 一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是正确的。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb to do sth”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind，nice，foolish等词，且sb与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。 知识点02 动名词作主语 表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。如： Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火会很危险。 易｜错｜点｜拨 常用动名词作主语的句型：It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth It is generous of him to contribute so much money to the poor. 他捐献了这么多钱给穷人真是太慷慨了。 It was important for us to learn English well. 把英语学好对我们来说很重要。 It is no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．It took the designer three whole days (complete) that programme. 2．It’s necessary (lock) the car when you do not use it. 3． (expose) to sunshine long is known to damage the skins of people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4． (develop) good habits is important for young children’s growth. 二、完成句子 1．It is strictly prohibited to feed the wild animals in any national park.(用V-ing作主语改写句子) 2．I’m sorry to hear that you are having difficulty in making friends.（句型转换 it作形式主语） → ( 非谓语动词之宾语 ) 知识点01 动词不定式作宾语 ①常跟不定式作宾语的动词： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help ②动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。 Please tell me when to start the project. 请告诉我何时开始这个项目。 ③在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。 We think it our duty to protect the environment. 我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 知识点02 动名词作宾语 ①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon，admit，delay/put off，fancy 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid，miss，go on/keep on，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免 forbid，imagine，risk，can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape ②以介词to结尾后接动名词做宾语的常见短语： look forward to盼望; devote…to把…投入…中； pay attention to 注意； be used / accustomed to习惯于； get down to 开始认真做某事； stick to 坚持 ③以可以省略的in / from结尾、后面接动名词做宾语的常见短语： have difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有…困难 have a good/ wonderful/ hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很愉快/ 不愉快 there is no point (in) doing sth 做某事没意义 stop/ prevent sb (from) doing sth 阻止/禁止宾语… 易｜错｜点｜拨 既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词(注意两者间意思的不同)，常见的有： 下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： 4. 在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。 My bike needs to be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing.我的自行车需要修理。 【即时检测】 1．Can you give me some advice? I find it difficult (motivate) my workers to work more efficiently. 2．The airline guarantees (provide) a free hotel stay if the flight is delayed for more than 4 hours. 3．The poor assistant missed the presentation and felt very frustrated, so his friend kept (comfort) him. 4．During the educational field trip to the mountain, we deeply realized the difficulty we had (protect) wild animals, whose living environment was at risk. 二、完成句子 1．Many charities and community groups raise money through reusing and recycling goods. (句子重构) 2．I believe that it is necessary that you should pay a visit to your school friends. (句型转换) →I believe it necessary a visit to your school friends. ( 非谓语动词之表语 ) 知识点01 动词不定式作表语 动词不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。 My dream is to enter Peking University. 我的梦想是考入北京大学。 知识点02 动名词作表语 多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 知识点03 分词作表语 现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”；而过去分词作表语意为“人感到……的”。 It’s well known that a tiger looks very frightening. 众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。 We were moved at the news that he had died for the motherland. 听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．The aim of this investigation is (bring) the truth to light, which is an uplifting notice for the public. 2．Our goal as educators is (inspire) students to pursue their passions and achieve their dreams. 3．​Her job is ( justify) the company’s new policy to the public. (她的工作是向公众解释公司新政策的合理性。) 4．My favorite hobby is (read) classic novels, which enriches my knowledge and vision. 5．Progress is always (motivate); any small progress can inspire positive emotions that will make you work harder. 6．I feel (cheat) really. I was meant to go to France and now it’s only Leeds. 二、完成句子 1．The man seems to be tired. (改写为用过去分词作表语的句子) 2．Arriving at the factory half an hour early is his habit. (句型转换) →His habit is . 3．What shall I do if she asks me for some advice? (句型转换) → What am I if she asks me for some advice? 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.不定式和动名词作表语有时可通用，只不过不定式更侧重具体某一次，而动名词更侧重惯常性的动作状态。 2.不定式作表语时，不定式符号to的省略情况：当be动词前的句子部分有do/does/did 等(当“做”讲)时。 3.作表语的现在分词和过去分词是形容词化了的分词；现在分词v-ing表示: 令人/使人/让人…的，过去分词v-ed表示: 感到…的 excite---exciting---excited; surprise---surprising---surprised interest---interesting---interested; disappoint---disappointing---disappointed; delight---delighting---delighted; embarrass---embarrassing---embarrassed; ( 非谓语动词之宾语补足语 ) 知识点01 动词不定式作宾语补足语 1. 有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议　allow 允许　ask 询问；要求　beg恳求　cause 导致　encourage 鼓励　permit准许　forbid 禁止　force 强迫　intend打算　invite 邀请　order 命令；要求　persuade说服　prefer 更喜欢　require 需要；要求　teach教　remind 提醒　tell 告诉　want想要　warn 警告　wish 希望；想要　wait for等待　call on 号召；要求　depend on 依靠　urge 催促；力劝 The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead. 警察检查了这些汽车，允许它们上路。 2.下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是： sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth 知识点02非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例： see＋宾语＋ [注意]“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 (2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ①make＋宾语＋ ②let＋宾语＋ ③have＋宾语＋ 注意(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 ④get＋宾语＋ 3. 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 知识点03 “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构 (1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 (2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 (3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．Passing by the music room yesterday, I heard my favorite song (sing) by the school choir. 2．He sat by the window for hours, with his mind (wander) back to the happy days he spent with his grandparents in the countryside. 3．Luckily, with her parents (comfort) her by video phones, she became autonomous soon and eventually got her bachelor’s degree successfully. 4．Now that you can’t see the world clearly, you’d better have your eyes (examine) at the hospital. 5．Observing his second daughter (employ) in decorating a hat, Mr. Bennet rolled his eyes. 6．If a student has his head (lower) to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. 二、完成句子 1．He concentrated his mind on his work and didn’t notice my appearance. a. , he didn’t notice my appearance. (with复合结构) b. , he didn’t notice my appearance. (独立主格结构) 2．But he still refused to look at me, and his face was buried in his arms with a whispered “no”. →But he still refused to look at me, with a whispered “no”. (现在分词作状语) →But he still refused to look at me, with a whispered “no”. (with复合结构) →But he still refused to look at me, with a whispered “no”. (独立主格结构) 3．There are some programs to try to get more students involved in sports. （同义句转换） →There are some programs to try to get more students in sports. 4．Did Jackson mend a computer himself? No. He asked Smith to mend it because he knows nothing about the computer. （句型转换） Did Jackson mend a computer himself? No. He by Smith because he knows nothing about the computer. 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. It is our responsibility ________ our environment and we are making progress. A. protecting B. protect C. to protect D. being protected 2. ________ gold in Rio paints the most ________ portrait of the team’s competitive spirit. A. Winning, vivid B. Being won, amusing C. Won, intense D. To win, complicated 3. ________ the meeting himself gave the public a great deal of encouragement, instantly boosting the stock market. A. The president attending B. The president had attend C. The president attended D. The president’s attending 4. Tommy’s wish is ________ his debt in the nearest future and start a new chapter of life. A. paying off B. giving way C. to pay off D. to give way 5. What worried the child most was ________ to visit his brother in hospital. A. his not being allowed B. his not allowing C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed 6. ________, he can’t go out for a walk as usual. A. With so much work to do B. With so much work doing C. With so much work done D. Without so much work to do 7. If you have trouble ________ mathematics, you can apply ________ the Math Foundation Workshop. A. learning; to join B. to learn; to join C. learning; joining D. to learn; joining 8. I didn’t mean ________ anything but ice cream looked so good that I can’t help ________. A. to eat, to try B. eating, trying C. eating, to try D. to eat, trying 9. With the research ________, I felt that I had enough knowledge to start my report. A. done B. doing C. to be done D. having done 10. When ________, you’d better make yourself ________ as much as possible. A. talking, understand B. saying, understood C. telling, understand D. speaking, understood 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1. If you assume his guess ________(be) true, what do you plan to do next? 2. ________ off all his debts in time, he had to do several jobs every day. 3. With the sun ________(rise), the top of Mount Tai is bathed in brilliant sunshine. 4. I was excited ________(meet) my friend at the top of the Mount Huang. 5. If you assume his guess ________(be) true, what do you plan to do next? 6. There will be many tasks for them ________(complete) next month. 7. ________(warn) signs have been put up around the construction site. 8. Once the sun dries the tea, they need to pick out any discoloration(变色). This ________(sort) process usually takes months to finish. 9. The climate of Changchun in April and May is mild, ________(mean) it is always a good time to visit. 10. —Hurry up! Don’t have the car ________(wait) at the gate. —I’ll be ready after I have my suitcase ________(pack). 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 单项选择 1. He is often listened to ________ English songs, but this time we had him ________ a Russian song. A. to sing, sing B. to sing, to sing C. sing, to sing D. sing, sing 2. After the country won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ________ to go to school. A. to be encouraged B. having been encouraged C. encouraged D. encouraging 3. Her job is ________ patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is  ________ her granny. A. nursing; looking after B. nursing; to look after C. to nurse; looking after D. to nurse; to look after 4. With the work ________, she felt greatly relieved (放松的). A. finishing B. finished C. to finish D. finish 5. It is ________ the customers’ needs that has made chain stores so popular in big cities in China. A. meeting B. met C. to have met D. being met 6. I regret ________ you that there’s nothing we can do to help you. A. telling B. being told C. to tell D. to be told 7. Those candidates prefer ________ the teaching positions in the remote areas, because they find it meaningful ________ contributions to society. A. to apply to; to make B. to apply for; to make C. to apply to; making D. to apply for; making 8. —Why does Tom look so disappointed? —He regrets not ________ for his interview. He wasn’t selected. A. preparing B. to prepare C. prepared D. have prepared 9. The book mainly deals with the difficulty new graduates have ________ to workplace culture. A. adapted B. adapting C. to adapt D. to be adapted 10. She had difficulty ________ the exercise ________ we had thought was easy to do. A. to finish; but B. finishing; and C. finishing; which D. finished; that 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 语法填空 1.（2025年新课标Ⅰ卷）We hope _______ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. 2.（2025年1月浙江卷）I know that doesn’t always mean _____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend, 3.(2025 北京高考) I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ________ (scare). 4.(2024·全国高考甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 　　　　　(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 5.(2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays 　　　　　(close) to protect the plants.  6.（2023∙全国乙卷I have spent the last two years   (record) everything I discovered. 7.(2023∙新高考全国Ⅰ卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether 37 (bite) a small hole in it firs 8.(2023∙新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket. 9.(2023∙新高考全国Ⅰ卷) so I am always left (want) more next time. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 非谓语动词(主语,宾语,表语,补足语)（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考I卷 不定式作宾语 【考向透视】 1.聚焦非谓语动词运用：重点考查非谓语动词作足语,宾语,表语和宾语补足语。 2.重视特殊结构：“it 的形式主语/宾语的句型。 3.结合语境考查：将非谓语动词融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断非谓语动词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。 4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。 【复习目标】 1.掌握核心语法：牢记非谓语动词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断非谓语动词词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。 2.突破难点易错点：攻克“it 形式主语/宾语”结构、非谓语动词和,名词性从句的辨析。 3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写非谓语动词，提高语法填空的准确率。 4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用非谓语动词，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。 1月浙江 动名词作宾语 北京高考 过去分词作宾语补足语 2024 全国甲卷 不定式作宾语 新高考I卷 过去分词作表语 全国乙卷 动名词作宾语 2023 新高考I卷 不定式作宾语 新高考I卷 不定式作宾语补足语 新高考I卷 现在分词作主语补足语 ( 非谓语动词之主语 ) 知识点01 动词不定式作主语 一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是正确的。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb to do sth”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind，nice，foolish等词，且sb与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。 知识点02 动名词作主语 表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。如： Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火会很危险。 易｜错｜点｜拨 常用动名词作主语的句型：It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth It is generous of him to contribute so much money to the poor. 他捐献了这么多钱给穷人真是太慷慨了。 It was important for us to learn English well. 把英语学好对我们来说很重要。 It is no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．It took the designer three whole days (complete) that programme. 【答案】to complete 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：设计师花了整整三天完成那个项目。it takes (sb.) some time to do sth.是固定结构，表示“（某人）花了……时间做某事”，该结构中it作形式主语，不定式to do作真正主语。故填to complete。 2．It’s necessary (lock) the car when you do not use it. 【答案】to lock 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你不用车的时候，有必要锁车。it is + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.是固定结构，表示“（对于某人来说）做某事是……”，该结构中it是形式主语，不定式结构to do作真正主语。故填to lock。 3． (expose) to sunshine long is known to damage the skins of people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Being exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：众所周知，长时间暴露在阳光下会损伤人的皮肤。句中谓语动词为“is known”，空处需用非谓语动词的动名词形式作主语；逻辑主语与动词“expose”之间为被动关系，表达“被暴露在阳光下”的含义，因此用动名词的被动形式being exposed，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故填Being exposed。 4． (develop) good habits is important for young children’s growth. 【答案】Developing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：养成良好的习惯对幼儿的成长很重要。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，表示”抽象的，习惯性的行为”需用动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Developing。 二、完成句子 1．It is strictly prohibited to feed the wild animals in any national park.(用V-ing作主语改写句子) 【答案】Feeding the wild animals in any national park is strictly prohibited. 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在任何国家公园投喂野生动物都是被严格禁止的。原句中 it指代的真正主语是to feed the wild animals in any national park，转换时需将不定式to feed变为动名词形式feeding，谓语动词用单数第三人称。故填Feeding the wild animals in any national park is strictly prohibited. 2．I’m sorry to hear that you are having difficulty in making friends.（句型转换 it作形式主语） → 【答案】It’s a pity to hear that you are having difficulty in making friends. 【详解】考查it用法。句意：听说你在交朋友方面有困难，我感到很遗憾。根据语境，此处表达“听到你在交朋友方面有困难我很遗憾”，原句I’m sorry to hear...核心语义是表达遗憾、惋惜，所以转换时可以用固定句型It’s a pity to do something，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。故填It’s a pity to hear that you are having difficulty in making friends. ( 非谓语动词之宾语 ) 知识点01 动词不定式作宾语 ①常跟不定式作宾语的动词： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help ②动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。 Please tell me when to start the project. 请告诉我何时开始这个项目。 ③在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。 We think it our duty to protect the environment. 我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 知识点02 动名词作宾语 ①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon，admit，delay/put off，fancy 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid，miss，go on/keep on，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免 forbid，imagine，risk，can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape ②以介词to结尾后接动名词做宾语的常见短语： look forward to盼望; devote…to把…投入…中； pay attention to 注意； be used / accustomed to习惯于； get down to 开始认真做某事； stick to 坚持 ③以可以省略的in / from结尾、后面接动名词做宾语的常见短语： have difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有…困难 have a good/ wonderful/ hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很愉快/ 不愉快 there is no point (in) doing sth 做某事没意义 stop/ prevent sb (from) doing sth 阻止/禁止宾语… 易｜错｜点｜拨 既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词(注意两者间意思的不同)，常见的有： 下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： 4. 在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。 My bike needs to be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing.我的自行车需要修理。 【即时检测】 1．Can you give me some advice? I find it difficult (motivate) my workers to work more efficiently. (【答案】to motivate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你能给我一些建议吗？我发现很难激励我的员工更有效率地工作。句中使用固定句型“find it+adj.+to do”，意为“发现做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，不定式结构是真正的主语，故填to motivate。 2．The airline guarantees (provide) a free hotel stay if the flight is delayed for more than 4 hours. 【答案】to provide 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：如果航班延误超过4小时，航空公司保证提供免费住宿。根据“guarantees”可知，此空应是动词不定式to provide作宾语，构成guarantee to do sth.的固定搭配，意为“保证做某事”。故填to provide。 3．The poor assistant missed the presentation and felt very frustrated, so his friend kept (comfort) him. 【答案】comforting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个可怜的助手错过了演示环节，感到非常沮丧，于是他的朋友一直在安慰他。此处为短语keep doing sth.表示“不断做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填comforting。 4．During the educational field trip to the mountain, we deeply realized the difficulty we had (protect) wild animals, whose living environment was at risk. 【答案】protecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在去山上的教育实地考察中，我们深切地意识到我们在保护野生动物方面所面临的困难，因为它们的生存环境正处于危险之中。“we had _________ (protect) wild animals”为省略关系代词的定语从句，从句中缺少had的宾语，根据have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“做某事有困难”可知，设空处应填protect的动名词形式protecting作宾语。故填protecting。 二、完成句子 1．Many charities and community groups raise money through reusing and recycling goods. (句子重构) 【答案】Charities and community groups can help those in need through people’s recycling of goods. 【详解】考查句意改述。原句句意：许多慈善机构和社区团体通过再利用和回收物品来筹集资金。重构句句意：慈善机构和社区团体可以通过人们的物品回收来帮助那些有需要的人。原句的主语为Many charities and community groups，描述其通过怎样的方式筹集资金，重构后可把主语简化为Charities and community groups，突出行为的主体是这些机构和团体，且可以说明筹集资金的目的是“帮助那些有需要的人”，即help those in need，原句中的through reusing and recycling goods可转述为through people’s recycling of goods，更有概括性。故答案为：Charities and community groups can help those in need through people’s recycling of goods. 2．I believe that it is necessary that you should pay a visit to your school friends. (句型转换) →I believe it necessary a visit to your school friends. 【答案】for you to pay 【详解】考查不定式作真正的宾语。句意：我认为有必要拜访一下你学校的朋友们。此处为主语+动词think/believe/feel/consider...+it+adj.+for sb +to do...的结构，其中it作形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语，故答案为for you to pay。 ( 非谓语动词之表语 ) 知识点01 动词不定式作表语 动词不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。 My dream is to enter Peking University. 我的梦想是考入北京大学。 知识点02 动名词作表语 多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 知识点03 分词作表语 现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”；而过去分词作表语意为“人感到……的”。 It’s well known that a tiger looks very frightening. 众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。 We were moved at the news that he had died for the motherland. 听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．The aim of this investigation is (bring) the truth to light, which is an uplifting notice for the public. 【答案】to bring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这次调查的目的是揭示真相，这对公众来说是一则令人振奋的通知。“is”是系动词，“(bring) the truth to light”作表语，用非谓语形式，此处表示要去做的事情，用不定式形式to bring，表示目的或意图。故填to bring。 2．Our goal as educators is (inspire) students to pursue their passions and achieve their dreams. 【答案】to inspire 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为教育者，我们的目标是激励学生追求他们的激情，实现他们的梦想。空处作表语，解释主语goal的具体内容，且指向一个未来的动作，应用不定式。故填to inspire。 3．​Her job is ( justify) the company’s new policy to the public. (她的工作是向公众解释公司新政策的合理性。) 【答案】justifying 【详解】考查动名词。本句为主系表结构，主语是Her job，系动词是is，空处作表语，需用动名词形式，动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，即justifying the company’s new policy to the public是她的工作。故填justifying。 4．My favorite hobby is (read) classic novels, which enriches my knowledge and vision. 【答案】reading 【详解】考查动名词作表语。句意：我最喜欢的爱好是阅读经典小说，这丰富了我的知识和见识。此处需用动名词形式作表语，解释说明主语My favorite hobby的具体内容，read的动名词形式为reading。故填reading。 5．Progress is always (motivate); any small progress can inspire positive emotions that will make you work harder. 【答案】motivating 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：进步总是激励人的；任何小的进步都会激发积极情绪，而那会让你更有干劲。空处用现在分词作表语，表示“激励人的”，用作表语的分词通常具有形容词性质，现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，故填motivating。 6．I feel (cheat) really. I was meant to go to France and now it’s only Leeds. 【答案】cheated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我真的感觉被骗了。我本打算去法国，可现在只能去利兹。feel为系动词，此处“feel + 过去分词”表示被动含义，cheat与I是被动关系，即“我感觉自己被欺骗”，所以用cheated。故填cheated。 二、完成句子 1．The man seems to be tired. (改写为用过去分词作表语的句子) 【答案】The man seems tired. 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这个人似乎很累。原句中 “to be tired” 可直接改写为 “tired”，用过去分词作表语，描述 “man” 的状态。故填：The man seems tired. 2．Arriving at the factory half an hour early is his habit. (句型转换) →His habit is . 【答案】arriving at the factory half an hour early 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：早到工厂半小时是他的习惯。动名词作表语主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。动名词作表语时它可与主语交换位置，所以用动名词作表语。故填arriving at the factory half an hour early。 3．What shall I do if she asks me for some advice? (句型转换) → What am I if she asks me for some advice? 【答案】to do 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果她向我寻求建议，我该怎么办？句型转换时，be to do用于第一人称疑问句，可以表示征求意见。因此，What shall I do可以转换成What am I to do。故填to do。 易｜错｜点｜拨 1.不定式和动名词作表语有时可通用，只不过不定式更侧重具体某一次，而动名词更侧重惯常性的动作状态。 2.不定式作表语时，不定式符号to的省略情况：当be动词前的句子部分有do/does/did 等(当“做”讲)时。 3.作表语的现在分词和过去分词是形容词化了的分词；现在分词v-ing表示: 令人/使人/让人…的，过去分词v-ed表示: 感到…的 excite---exciting---excited; surprise---surprising---surprised interest---interesting---interested; disappoint---disappointing---disappointed; delight---delighting---delighted; embarrass---embarrassing---embarrassed; ( 非谓语动词之宾语补足语 ) 知识点01 动词不定式作宾语补足语 1. 有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议　allow 允许　ask 询问；要求　beg恳求　cause 导致　encourage 鼓励　permit准许　forbid 禁止　force 强迫　intend打算　invite 邀请　order 命令；要求　persuade说服　prefer 更喜欢　require 需要；要求　teach教　remind 提醒　tell 告诉　want想要　warn 警告　wish 希望；想要　wait for等待　call on 号召；要求　depend on 依靠　urge 催促；力劝 The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead. 警察检查了这些汽车，允许它们上路。 2.下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是： sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth 知识点02非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例： see＋宾语＋ [注意]“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 (2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ①make＋宾语＋ ②let＋宾语＋ ③have＋宾语＋ 注意(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 ④get＋宾语＋ 3. 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 知识点03 “with＋宾语＋宾补”结构 (1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 (2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 (3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生 【即时检测】 一、语法填空 1．Passing by the music room yesterday, I heard my favorite song (sing) by the school choir. 【答案】being sung 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天经过音乐室时，我听到学校合唱团正在唱我最喜欢的歌。“hear+sb./sth.+doing sth.”是固定搭配，表示“听到某人/某事正在做某事”，用现在分词作宾语补足语，又因sing(唱)与其逻辑主语my favorite song之间是被动关系，应用现在分词的被动式being sung作宾语补足语。故填being sung。 2．He sat by the window for hours, with his mind (wander) back to the happy days he spent with his grandparents in the countryside. 【答案】wandering 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：他在窗边坐了几个小时，思绪飘回了在乡下和祖父母一起度过的快乐时光。He sat by the window for hours是句子主干，此处是“with+宾语+宾补”的结构，his mind与wander是主谓关系，应用现在分词wandering作宾补。故填wandering。 3．Luckily, with her parents (comfort) her by video phones, she became autonomous soon and eventually got her bachelor’s degree successfully. 【答案】comforting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，在父母通过可视电话安慰她后，她很快就变得自主起来，最终成功获得了学士学位。空处为非谓语动词，comfort与逻辑主语her parents之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式comforting，构成with的复合结构，作状语。故填comforting。 4．Now that you can’t see the world clearly, you’d better have your eyes (examine) at the hospital. 【答案】examined 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：既然你看不清这个世界了，你最好去医院检查一下眼睛。分析句子可知，此处考查“have+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构，其中宾语“your eyes”与动词“examine”之间为被动关系，即“眼睛被检查”，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填examined。 5．Observing his second daughter (employ) in decorating a hat, Mr. Bennet rolled his eyes. 【答案】employed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：班纳特先生看见二女儿忙着装饰帽子，便翻了个白眼。rolled是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，be employed in doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“忙于做某事”，daughter和employ之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作宾语补足语，故填employed。 6．If a student has his head (lower) to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. 【答案】lowered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果学生低头看手表，这意味着他感到无聊，只是在数着分钟等下课。根据空格前的使役动词has可知，空格处应该用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，名词短语his head与动词lower之间是被动关系，所以空格处应该用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填lowered。 二、完成句子 1．He concentrated his mind on his work and didn’t notice my appearance. a. , he didn’t notice my appearance. (with复合结构) b. , he didn’t notice my appearance. (独立主格结构) 【答案】 With his mind concentrated on his work His mind concentrated on his work 【详解】考查with复合结构、独立主格结构。句意：他专心工作，没有注意到我的出现。按照要求，①用with复合结构改写句子。concentrate one’s mind on“集中精神于”。with复合结构即“with+宾语+宾补”，with后用his mind“他的注意力，他的头脑”作宾语，与concentrate on为被动关系，用过去分词，作宾补。按照要求，②用独立主格结构改写句子，可以将and前的句子改为独立主格结构。本句谓语为didn’t notice，②处为非谓语动词，且his mind与concentrate on为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填：①With his mind concentrated on his work②His mind concentrated on his work。 2．But he still refused to look at me, and his face was buried in his arms with a whispered “no”. →But he still refused to look at me, with a whispered “no”. (现在分词作状语) →But he still refused to look at me, with a whispered “no”. (with复合结构) →But he still refused to look at me, with a whispered “no”. (独立主格结构) 【答案】 burying his face in his arms with his face buried in his arms his face buried in his arms 【详解】①考查非谓语动词。句意：但他仍然拒绝看我一眼，他的脸埋在他的臂弯里，低声说“不”。表示“把他的脸埋在他的臂弯里”用bury his face in his arms，本句谓语为refused，此处为非谓语动词，且he与bury“埋”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填burying his face in his arms。 ②考查with复合结构。句意：但他仍然拒绝看我一眼，他的脸埋在他的臂弯里，低声说“不”。with复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”；用his face“他的脸”作宾语；表示“埋在他的臂弯里”用bury...in his arms，his face与动词bury为被动关系，用过去分词，作宾补。故填with his face buried in his arms。 ③考查独立主格结构。句意：但他仍然拒绝看我一眼，他的脸埋在他的臂弯里，低声说“不”。表示“埋在他的臂弯里”用bury...in his arms。按照要求用独立主格结构，本句谓语为refused，名词his face“他的脸”与动词bury为被动关系，用过去分词，构成独立主格结构。故填his face buried in his arms。 3．There are some programs to try to get more students involved in sports. （同义句转换） →There are some programs to try to get more students in sports. 【答案】engaged 【详解】考查固定结构和非谓语。句意：有一些项目试图让更多的学生参与体育运动。根据句意，横线上的词是动词involve的同义替换词，这里的involve是用在使役动词get sb. done 的结构中，故用过去分词involved，译为“让更多的学生参加”，因此可以替换为engaged（参加，加入）。故答案是engaged。 4．Did Jackson mend a computer himself? No. He asked Smith to mend it because he knows nothing about the computer. （句型转换） Did Jackson mend a computer himself? No. He by Smith because he knows nothing about the computer. 【答案】 had it mended 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意：Jackson自己修了电脑吗？没有。他让史密斯修的，因为他对电脑知之甚少。分析可知，此处应用“have+宾语+ 宾补”的结构，宾语it（指代上文提到的computer）和mend（维修）之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补；结合语境和上文的did可知此处应用一般过去时。故填had；it；mended。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1. It is our responsibility ________ our environment and we are making progress. A. protecting B. protect C. to protect D. being protected 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。 句意：保护我们的环境是我们的责任，而且我们正在取得进步。句子核心结构为“It is + 名词 + to do sth.”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。此处“保护我们的环境”是真正主语，需用不定式to protect表达。故选C。 2. ________ gold in Rio paints the most ________ portrait of the team’s competitive spirit. A. Winning, vivid B. Being won, amusing C. Won, intense D. To win, complicated 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：在里约热内卢赢得金牌为团队的竞争精神描绘了最生动的写照。A. Winning赢得(现在分词), vivid生动的；B. Being won被赢得(动名词的被动形式), amusing有趣的；C. Won赢得(过去分词), intense强烈的；D. To win赢得(不定式), complicated复杂的。第一空作主语，且是主动含义，需用动名词Winning。第二空修饰portrait，用形容词vivid，作定语。故选A。 3. ________ the meeting himself gave the public a great deal of encouragement, instantly boosting the stock market. A. The president attending B. The president had attend C. The president attended D. The president’s attending 【答案】D 【详解】考查动名词的复合结构。句意：总统亲自参加会议这一行为给了公众极大的鼓舞，立即提振了股市。分析句子结构可知，空处应填入能充当主语的成分。The president’s attending (名词所有格 + 动名词) 是动名词的复合结构，可在句中作主语。故填 D。 4. Tommy’s wish is ________ his debt in the nearest future and start a new chapter of life. A. paying off B. giving way C. to pay off D. to give way 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词及动词短语辨析。句意：汤米的愿望是在不久的将来还清债务，开启人生的新篇章。A. paying off还清(动名词形式)；B.giving way让步(动名词形式)；C. to pay off还清(动词不定式形式)；D. to give way让步(动词不定式形式)。根据句中“wish”(愿望)可知，此处需用动词不定式“to do”作表语，指向将来的动作；结合“debt”和“start a new chapter of life”可知，此处应表达“还清债务”。故选C。 5. What worried the child most was ________ to visit his brother in hospital. A. his not being allowed B. his not allowing C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：让这个孩子最担心的是他不被允许去医院看望他的哥哥。该句中What worried the child most是主语从句，was是系动词，所以此处为非谓语动词作表语，结合句意，此处描述的是抽象，一般性的行为，所以使用动名词形式，结合句意，allow与the child之间是被动关系，所以要用动名词的被动形式being allowed，动名词的否定是在其前加 not，所以being allowed的否定形式是“not being allowed”，his是动名词的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构“his not being allowed”，表示“他不被允许”。故选A项。 6. ________, he can’t go out for a walk as usual. A. With so much work to do B. With so much work doing C. With so much work done D. Without so much work to do 【答案】A 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：有这么多工作要做，所以他不能像平时一样出去散步。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，在句中作状语，do的动作表示将来，应用动词不定式作宾补，故选A。 7. If you have trouble ________ mathematics, you can apply ________ the Math Foundation Workshop. A. learning; to join B. to learn; to join C. learning; joining D. to learn; joining 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：如果你学习数学有困难，可以申请参加数学基础工作坊。第一空考查have trouble (in) doing sth.，表示“做某事有困难”，此处需用learning；第二空考查apply to do sth.，表示“申请做某事”，此处需用不定式to join。故选A项。 8. I didn’t mean ________ anything but ice cream looked so good that I can’t help ________. A. to eat, to try B. eating, trying C. eating, to try D. to eat, trying 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我并没有打算吃什么东西，但是冰淇淋看上去太美味了，以至于我情不自禁品尝了。此处为短语mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”，can’t/couldn’t help doing sth.意为“情不自禁做某事”；mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”；couldn't help to do sth.意为“不能帮助做某事”不符合语境。故选D。 9. With the research ________, I felt that I had enough knowledge to start my report. A. done B. doing C. to be done D. having done 【答案】A 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：在研究完成后，我觉得自己有足够的知识开始写报告。此处为with复合结构，且the research与do“做”为被动关系，且动作已经完成，应用过去分词，作宾补。故选A。 10. When ________, you’d better make yourself ________ as much as possible. A. talking, understand B. saying, understood C. telling, understand D. speaking, understood 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词词义辨析、非谓语动词。句意：当(你)说话时，你最好尽可能让别人理解你。talk“谈话”通常指双方之间的交谈；say“说”强调说话的内容；tell“告诉”；speak“说”强调说的动作，不强调所说的内容，常与某种语言连用。第一空处表示“说话”的动作，故用speak合适。make oneself done表示“使自己被……”，其中yourself与understand“理解”为被动关系，用过去分词understood，作宾语补足语。故选D。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1. If you assume his guess ________(be) true, what do you plan to do next? 【答案】to be 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你假设他的猜测是真的，你下一步打算做什么?assume something to be表示“假设某物是”，用动词不定式作宾补。故填to be。 2. ________ off all his debts in time, he had to do several jobs every day. 【答案】To pay 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：为了及时还清所有的债务，他不得不每天做几份工作。由“he had to do several jobs every day”可知，句子表示“为了及时还清所有的债务，他不得不每天做几份工作”，动词不定式作目的状语，因此空格处是to pay。故填To pay。 3. With the sun ________(rise), the top of Mount Tai is bathed in brilliant sunshine. 【答案】rising 【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：随着太阳升起，泰山之巅沐浴在灿烂的阳光中。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，宾语“the sun”(太阳)与 “rise”(升起)之间是主动关系，且“rise”这一动作正在进行，需用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填rising。 4. I was excited ________(meet) my friend at the top of the Mount Huang. 【答案】to meet 【详解】考查动词不定式作原因状语。句意：我很兴奋能在黄山顶上见到我的朋友。此处是动词不定式做原因状语。故填to meet。 5. If you assume his guess ________(be) true, what do you plan to do next? 【答案】to be 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你假设他的猜测是真的，你下一步打算做什么?assume something to be表示“假设某物是”，用动词不定式作宾补。故填to be。 6. There will be many tasks for them ________(complete) next month. 【答案】to complete 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月他们将有许多任务要完成。空处修饰tasks，表示将要做的事情，complete与tasks构成动宾关系，此处用不定式作后置定语。故填to complete。 7. ________(warn) signs have been put up around the construction site. 【答案】Warning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：施工现场周围已张贴警告标志。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，空处说明被修饰词signs的用途，应用动名词形式warning作定语，warning signs表示“警告标志”，warning置于句首，首字母大写。故填Warning。 8. Once the sun dries the tea, they need to pick out any discoloration(变色). This ________(sort) process usually takes months to finish. 【答案】sorting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦太阳晒干了茶叶，他们需要挑出任何变色的部分。这个分类过程通常需要几个月才能完成。空处修饰名词process，作定语；sort为动词，表示“拣选，把……分类”，应用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语process之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填sorting。 9. The climate of Changchun in April and May is mild, ________(mean) it is always a good time to visit. 【答案】meaning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：长春四五月份的气候很温和，这意味着一直是游览的好时机。空处为非谓语动词，“mean”与前面整个句子构成主动关系，所以用现在分词“meaning”作状语。故填meaning。 10. —Hurry up! Don’t have the car ________(wait) at the gate. —I’ll be ready after I have my suitcase ________(pack). 【答案】waiting; packed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——快点！不要让车在门口一直等着。——我把行李收拾好后就准备好了。此处考查“have+宾语+宾补”结构，第一空wait和car之间是主动关系，强调动作的持续，使用现在分词作宾补；第二空pack和suitcase之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作状语。故填①waiting②packed。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 单项选择 1. He is often listened to ________ English songs, but this time we had him ________ a Russian song. A. to sing, sing B. to sing, to sing C. sing, to sing D. sing, sing 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们经常听他唱英语歌，但这次我们让他唱了一首俄语歌。空1处listen to 用于被动，后面的不定式作主语补足语时，不定式符号不能省略；空2处have sb do sth，用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。 2. After the country won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ________ to go to school. A. to be encouraged B. having been encouraged C. encouraged D. encouraging 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家赢得独立后，非常重视扩大教育，鼓励女孩和男孩上学。结合句中“with girls as well as boys”可知句子使用with的复合结构，girls as well as boys与encourage之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式作宾语补足语，故选C。 3. Her job is ________ patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is  ________ her granny. A. nursing; looking after B. nursing; to look after C. to nurse; looking after D. to nurse; to look after 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的工作是在医院里护理病人；但是这个周末她的任务是照顾她的奶奶。第一空，表示经常发生的一般性行为，应用动名词作表语；第二空根据上文this weekend可知，表示具体的，还未发生的动作，应用不定式作表语。故选B。 4. With the work ________, she felt greatly relieved (放松的). A. finishing B. finished C. to finish D. finish 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：工作完成后，她感到非常放松。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，动词finish和宾语work之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，故选B。 5. It is ________ the customers’ needs that has made chain stores so popular in big cities in China. A. meeting B. met C. to have met D. being met 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。本句是一个强调句，去掉it was 和that，___ the customers’ needs has made chain stores so popular in big cities in China. 不难发现，本句是动名词短语作主语。而D项是被动结构，本句meet后，有自己的宾语，故应为主动。选A。 6. I regret ________ you that there’s nothing we can do to help you. A. telling B. being told C. to tell D. to be told 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很遗憾地告诉你，我们无能为力。“遗憾地告知”对方一个不好的消息，因此应该用 regret to tell，不定式表将来含义。A. telling(动名词)：表示“后悔已经告诉过你”，不符合句意。 B. being told(被动动名词)：表示“后悔被告诉”，语义不通。 C. to tell(不定式)：正确选项，表示“遗憾地告知”。 D. to be told(被动不定式)：表示“遗憾被告诉”，语义不通。故选C。 7. Those candidates prefer ________ the teaching positions in the remote areas, because they find it meaningful ________ contributions to society. A. to apply to; to make B. to apply for; to make C. to apply to; making D. to apply for; making 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析和非谓语动词。句意：那些求职者更倾向于申请偏远地区的教学岗位，因为他们觉得为社会做贡献是一件有意义的事。第一空，apply to表示“应用”，apply for表示“申请(职位、机会、物品等)”，结合“the teaching positions”可知，第一空填to apply for；第二空，find it+形容词+to do sth是固定句型，意为“发现做某事是…… 的”，it为形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。故选B。 8. —Why does Tom look so disappointed? —He regrets not ________ for his interview. He wasn’t selected. A. preparing B. to prepare C. prepared D. have prepared 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——汤姆为什么看起来这么失望？——他后悔没有为面试做准备，所以没被录用。分析句子结构可知，这里考查regret doing sth.，表示“后悔做过某事”(动作已发生)，此处“没准备面试”是已发生的事，且“regret not + 动名词”为固定用法，所以preparing 符合语法规则与语境。故选A项。 9. The book mainly deals with the difficulty new graduates have ________ to workplace culture. A. adapted B. adapting C. to adapt D. to be adapted 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书主要探讨应届毕业生在适应职场文化方面遇到的困难。分析句子结构可知，句中“new graduates have ________ to workplace culture”为定语从句，修饰先行词 difficulty，核心结构是“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”，表“做某事有困难”，此处省略了介词 in，需用动名词形式作宾语，adapting符合语法规则与语境。故选B项。 10. She had difficulty ________ the exercise ________ we had thought was easy to do. A. to finish; but B. finishing; and C. finishing; which D. finished; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查动名词和定语从句。句意：她做这道练习题有困难，而我们之前以为这道题很容易做。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，其中“in”可省略，因此第一个空需填动名词形式 finishing。第二个空中，the exercise为先行词，在定语从句中作主语，关系代词为which。we had thought在句子中是插入语。故选C。 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 语法填空 1.（2025年新课标Ⅰ卷）We hope _______ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. 【答案】to present 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 2.（2025年1月浙江卷）I know that doesn’t always mean _____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend, 【答案】returning 【详解】[解析] 考查非谓语动词。根据句意“这并不总是意味着周一归还衣服”可知，应使用固定搭配mean doing sth.，表示“意味着做某事”，return在此用动名词形式，作动词mean的宾语，故填returning。 3.(2025 北京高考) I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ________ (scare). 【答案】scared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。have sb. done表示“使某人被……”，someone与scare之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。 4.(2024·全国高考甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 　　　　　(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 【答案】to catch 【详解】考查动词不定式。tend to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“倾向于做某事”。句意:国家公园尤其容易引起我们的注意。因此,此处应填入动词不定式形式to catch。 5.(2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays 　　　　　(close) to protect the plants.  【答案】closed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。此处stays是系动词,structure和close(关闭)之间是被动关系,所以填过去分词。故填closed。 6.（2023∙全国乙卷I have spent the last two years   (record) everything I discovered. 【答案】recording 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。 7.(2023∙新高考全国Ⅰ卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether 37 (bite) a small hole in it firs 【答案】to bite 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 8.(2023∙新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket. 【答案】to be lifted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。 9.(2023∙新高考全国Ⅰ卷) so I am always left (want) more next time. 【答案】wanting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。 19 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $