内容正文:
动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语
1.动词-ing形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语有两种不同的含义:
(1)表示主语的内容是什么。
❶Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
❷The real question is getting to know the needs of the students.
真正的问题是了解学生的需求。
❸His hobby is collecting stamps.
他的爱好是集邮。
(2)表示主语具有的特征。
❹The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令人困惑。
❺It is astonishing to see the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world.
看到了在世界上其他地方找不到的动植物真是令人惊讶。
❻The food at the dinner party did not seem very inviting.
宴会上的食物似乎并不诱人。
比较:
一般说来,动词-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性的动作,或抽象性的动作,时间概念不强。而动词不定式表示的动作往往是具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作。
❼It's not good for you to smoke so much.
吸这么多烟对你的身体不好。(具体)
❽They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.
他们天冷时更喜欢待在室内。(泛指)
❾Would you prefer to stay at home this evening?
今晚你想待在家里吗?(具体)
2.动词-ed形式作表语
(1)-ed形式在连系动词后作表语,说明主语的状态。
❶The students are fully prepared.
学生们已做好了充分的准备。
❷When we got there, the shop was closed.
我们到那儿时,商店已经关门了。
❸She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars.她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到满意。
❹Hearing the news,he looked disappointed.
听到这个消息,他看起来很失望。
❺The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year.
山顶上终年被积雪覆盖。
(2)-ed形式作表语与被动语态的区别
要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。-ed形式作表语表示状态,被动语态中的-ed形式表示被动动作。
❻All the doors are locked.
所有的门都是锁着的。(-ed形式作表语,表示状态)
❼All the doors were locked by the guard.
所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。(被动语态,表示动作)
❽Peter the Great is buried here.
彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。(-ed形式作表语,表示状态)
❾Peter the Great was buried here in 1725.
彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。(被动语态,表示动作)
3.-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别
(1)动词-ed形式作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态,含有被动的意思;而-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征,含有主动的意思。
❶They were frightened to hear the frightening sound.
他们听到那可怕的声音感到很害怕。
❷At the sight of the moving scene,all the people present were moved.看到这么动人的情景,在场的所有人都感动了。
(2)一些动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的词(如pleased,tired, excited,disappointed,puzzling,surprising,disappointing,exciting,moving等)已经变成形容词,可以被very,too,greatly等表示程度的副词修饰。一些(如amused,puzzled,relaxed等)不能被very,too修饰。只能被much修饰。
❸These problems are very puzzling.这些问题很令人迷惑。
❹The football match wa