专题2 考点4 被动语态-【众相原创·赋能中考】2026年中考英语课堂精讲册（冀教版 河北专用）

考点4被动语态 ////I1/I/I课标语法导图I/1/1//// 主动语态 主语是动作的执行者 由by引出，by意为“被，由”；概念：主语是动作的承受者 被动 般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done 词的 语态 般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done 构成 般将来时的被动语态：will/shall/be going to-+be+done 含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done 态 主动语态变 被动语态的方法 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动 主动形式表被动意义的情况 考点讲解 一 、主动语态和被动语态 )易错点 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者 主动语态变被动语 时，谓语的形式为主动语态：当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。 态的特殊情况：主动语 二、用法 态中有些感官动词（如 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要说明谁是动作的执行 hear,see,watch,notice 者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 等)和使役动词make后 三、被动语态的构成 用不带to的不定式作宾 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人 语补足语，变为被动语 称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与b作为连系动词时完全一样。初中常 态时，要把不定式符号 用时态（含情态动词）的被动语态构成如下： to还原。如： 时态 被动语态结构 例句 hear/see sb.do sth.→ 般现在时 sb.be heard/seen to am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us every day. (5年4考) do sth. 一般过去时 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday make sb.do sth.→sb. was/were+done (5年2考) afternoon. be made to do sth. will/shall/be going to The classroom will be cleaned by us this 般将来时 +be+done afternoon. The classroom should be cleaned by us this 含情态动词 情态动词+be+done afternoon. 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 主动语态：They planted a tree 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态：A tree was planted by them 宾语变主语 be+过去分词主语变为by+宾语 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。 106 五、主动形式表被动意义的情况 )易错点 主动形式表被动意义的情况 例句 不能使用被动语态 的情况： 某些系动词，如look,sound,taste,smell,feel等， The T-shirt feels comfortable. 1.不及物动词（短语） 可用主动形式表示被动意义 没有被动语态，常见的 表示主语的特征、状态的动词，如write,read, 有happen,take place, sell,clean,cook,bum等，与well,easily,quickly Her new novel sells well. belong to等； 等副词连用时，常用主动形式表示被动意义 2.表示状态的动词没有 当open,close,shut,lock,move等用作不及物动 被动语态，常见的有 词且表示主语的某种属性而不强调被执行的动作 The door doesn't open. have,own,fail,cost, 时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义，此类动词通常 fit,last(持续)等； 与can't,won't等连用 3.祈使句一般没有被动 表示“发生(take place,happen)”“传播(spread)" 语态； “爆发(break out)”的不及物动词（词组），常用主 The news spread quickly. 4.当及物动词leave, 动形式表示被动意义 enter,reach等的宾语是 sth.be worth doing结构中，doing表示被动意义 This book is worth reading. 表示地，点和处所的名词 ‘need/require+doing”相当于“need/require+tobe Your car needs washing. 时，不能用被动语态。 done”,其中to be done是不定式的被动结构 Your car needs to be washed. ★短文填空解题技巧27动词原形 →am/is/are/was/were+动词过去分词 适用情况 示例 主语是动作的承受者 The building was built(built)in 1900. 句子为被 有被动语态的标志词by The problem was solved(solve)by Jack. 动语态 些固定句式中，如：It is said/believed/ It is said(say)that the new restaurant is excellent. reported that... 考点测验 ①河北5年真题溯源 4.(2023河北40题改编)Breakfast 1.(2025河北43题节选)With pieces of paper in provide)every day for people aged over 60 for it,the jug (call)“Good Things Jug”. free in this village. 2.(2025河北样卷49题节选)At weekends,we 5.（2021河北39题改编)These gifts usually do some gardening and shopping.The make)by children in their last summer holidays. grass around our house (cut)about ⊙拓展提升 once a month. 3.(2024河北38题改编)Emma got excited when 用所给词的适当形式填空 her writing read)as a model in 1.(2025广安改编)Maybe books class. (replace)by the Internet in the future. 107 2.The next Winter Olympic Games it has become a popular place for students. hold)in Italy in 2026. 5.In order to have a green world,the natural 3.Many road accidents can (avoid)if environment must protect)by we all follow traffic rules. everyone 4.The new library (build)last year and 考点5动词的非谓语形式 基本形式：①to+动词原形；②省略to的不定式 形式 否定形式：not to-+动词原形 动词不定式 作宾语、宾语补足语、状语 句法功能 作主语、表语、定语 非 谓语动 基本形式：动词原形+-ing 形式 否定形式：not+动词原形+-ing 动名词 句法功能：作主语、表语、宾语、定语 分类：现在分词、过去分词 分词 句法功能：作定语、补语等 考点讲解 一、动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。其否定形式由“ot+动词不定式” 构成。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即 可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 1.动词不定式(todo)的功能 功能 例句 作主语 To keep the classroom clean is important 作宾语 I want to keep the classroom clean. 作表语 My purpose is to keep the classroom clean. 作补足语 Our teacher advises us to keep the classroom clean. 目的状语 I collect rubbish to keep the classroom clean. 作状语 原因状语 I am happy to keep the classroom clean. 结果状语 I am free enough to clean the classroom. 作定语 am not free now.I have many things to do. 住意 ①动词不定式作主语时，常用t作形式主语，真正的主语一一动词不定式则被后置。如：ts difficult for me to learn math well. 1085.scarves/scarfs 6.teeth 7.tomatoes 8.seasons 9.inventors 10.Canadian 11.knives 12.heroes 13.kites 14.flowers 15.artist 16.scientist 17.safety 18.pressure 19.invitation 20.teacher 21.magician 22.brushes 23.boxes 24.photos 25.development II.1.years 2.activities 3.friends 4.places 5.classes 考点3名词所有格 拓展提升 1.Tom's 2.minutes'3.father's 4.theirs 5.Children's 语法知识滚动练 1.hours 2.classmates 3.habits 4.candies 5.meals 6.dishes 7.snacks 8.months 9.friends 10.importance 专题二 动词和动词短语 考点1动词和动词短语 河北5年真题溯源 1.A2.A 拓展提升 I.1.A2.C3.A4.B5.B Ⅱ.1.D2.C3.B4.A5.A6.B7.A8.C9.D 10.B 考点2情态动词 河北5年真题溯源 1.B2.A3.C 拓展提升 1.A2.A3.C4.C5.D6.D 考点3谓语动词的时态 河北5年真题溯源 1.taught 2.will make 3.washes;is setting;will do; helped;got 4.gets 5.rang 6.shouted 7.will order 8.has studied 9.has read 10.are playing 11.got 12.tells 13.was taking 14.likes 15.invited 16.works 17.won 拓展提升 1.is giving 2.picks 3.turns 4.appears 5.has created 6.are 7.made 8.showed 9.started 10.asked 11.were thinking 12.praised 13.becomes 14.have achieved 15.will continue 考点4被动语态 河北5年真题溯源 1.is called 2.is cut 3.was read 4.is provided 5.were made 拓展提升 1.will be replaced 2.will be held 3.be avoided 4.was built 5.be protected 考点5动词的非谓语形式 河北5年真题溯源 1.to create 2.to change 拓展提升 1.to do 2.to make 3.to share 4.crying 5.practicing 6.praising 7.to stay 8.to sell 9.taking 10.to give 11.to introduce 12.to enter 13.reading 14.to swim 15.to win 考点6主谓一致 河北5年真题溯源 are 拓展提升 1.spends 2.is 3.is 4.has 5.has 6.increases 7.goes 8.remains 9.is 10.is 11.is 12.is 13.are 14.was 15.were 16.am 17.are 18.is 19.were 20.has 语法知识滚动练 I.1.C2.D3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.B9.A 10.D II.1.were left 2.driver's 3.was playing 4.was parked 5.cars 6.tried 7.was 8 8.to do 9.rushing 10.reached 11.years 12.ran 13.acted 14.has made 15.will share 专题三形容词和副词 考点1形容词、副词的句法功能 河北5年真题溯源 1.interesting 2.thankful 3.relaxed 4.friendly 5.lovely 6.recently 7.happily 8.really 拓展提升 I.1.sunny 2.useful 3.national 4.homeless 5.snowy 6.lucky 7.touching 8.healthy 9.dangerous 10.colourful 11.sleepy 12.patient 13.comfortable 14.politely 15.wisely 16.carefully 17.highly 18.completely Ⅱ.1.D2.B3.A4.D5.C6.B7.B8.A9.C 10.A 考点2形容词和副词的比较等级 河北5年真题溯源 1.busiest 2.younger 3.nicest 4.highest 5.faster 拓展提升 1.quieter 2.stronger 3.larger 4.harder 5.cheapest 6.wealthier 7.lowest 8.lazier 语法知识滚动练 I.1.A2.D3.A4.C5.B6.D7.A8.B9.B 10.C II.1.taller 2.boys 3.were told 4.excited 5.simply 6.kindness 7.longest 8.proudest 9.softly 10.differently 11.creative 12.easily 13.valuable 14.better 15.helped 专题四代词 考点1人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 河北5年真题溯源 1.us 2.Hers 3.him 4.herself 5.his 6.him 7.mine 8.Mine 9.her 拓展提升 1.my 2.me 3.myself 4.her 5.hers 6.us