专题2 考点1 动词和动词短语-【众相原创·赋能中考】2026年中考英语课堂精讲册（冀教版 河北专用）

专题二动词和动词短语 1711711111144444 河北5年中考解读 年份 考查点 2025 2025样卷 2024 2023 2022 2021 动词辨析 31,34,35 31,33,38 42,46,50 43,44,4941,43,45,50 45 动词短语辨析 36 35 33,49 36 34 46,50 一般现在时 48 44 / 78 73 37,73 一般过去时 50 50,53 75,78 75 77 79 一般将来时 55 47 37 34 37 36 现在进行时 / 46 / 38 / / 过去进行时 / / / 38 35 现在完成时 一 40 37 39 40 被动语态 43 49 38 40 40 39 动词不定式 54 45 / / / / 主谓一致 48 / / / / 分数占比 9分 11分 10分 10分 11分 10分 //1///WW课标语法导图/1/11// 及物动词：需接宾语。如：I love this song. 实义动词 不及物动词：无需接宾语。如：Let'sgo, 若接宾语，需加适当的介词。如：Let's go to school. 系动词 不能单独作谓语：be,become,look,taste,smell,.sound, seem,stay,turn,get,keep,remain 动词 动词的分类 助动词 没有词义，不能单独作谓语：be,do/does/did,have/has/ had,will/would,shall/should 动词和动词短 情态动词 同一动词型 动词短语 同一介词/副词型 混合型 考点1动词和动词短语 考点讲解 、实义动词：有实际意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。 类别 用法和结构 例句 用法：及物动词本身意思不完整，在句中必须接宾语才能I like this song. 及物动词 使其意思完整，及物动词有被动语态 I bought my father a pen. 结构：主语+及物动词+宾语 We consider him an honest boy. 90 续表 类别 用法和结构 例句 用法：不及物动词本身意思完整，无需接宾语，不能用于 被动语态，“部分不及物动词+介词”相当于及物动词，其 I will arrive soon. 不及物动词 后可接宾语 I will arrive in your city soon. 结构：主语+不及物动词； 主语+不及物动词+介词+单宾语/双宾语 及物动词& We won. 同上述结构和用法 不及物动词 We won the game. 二、连系动词：本身有一定意义，但是不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。 类别 例词 结构 例句 “状态”类 be,am,is,are,was,were 主语+连系My sister is tall. “感官”类 feel,look,smell,sound,taste 动词+表语 The fish smells delicious. Her face turned red when she spoke in front of “变化”类 become,get,turn,fall,go,grow (名词/形 the class. “持续”类 容词/介词 keep,remain,stay Doing exercise can help us keep healthy “似乎”类 seem,appear 短语) The man seems tired. 三、助动词：本身无意义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态或其 他语法形式。 类别 用法和结构 例句 be am, is, are, 与实义动词的现在分词或过去分词一 They are doing their homework. was,were 起，构成时态、语态等 与实义动词原形一起，构成一般现在时 do,does,did They didn't finish their homework. 和一般过去时的否定句或疑问句等 与实义动词的过去分词一起，构成完成 have,has,had They haven't finished their homework yet. 时态或语态 will,would,shall,should 与动词原形一起，构成将来时态或语态They will finish their homework on time. 四、情态动词：不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动 词一般没有人称和数的变化。 例词 用法和结构 例句 can,could,may,might,will,would, 情态动词和实义动词一起构成谓语， I can sing this song. must,should等 基本没有人称和数的变化 五、动词短语 1.同一动词型 come短语 come across(偶然)遇见（或发现） come back回来 come down下降；落下 come from来自 come in进来 come on快点儿 come out出版；发表；开花 come over顺便来访；过来 come true(希望等)实现；成为现实 91 fall短语 fall behind落后 fall into掉进…里 fall off跌落；下降；减少 fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌(2021.46) give短语 give away赠送；捐赠 give back还给；归还 give in投降；屈服 give out分发；散发 give off发出；放出（气味、热、光等） give up放弃(2024.49) get短语 get off下车 get on上车 get out逃离；外出 get over克服 get to到达 get up起床 get back返回；回来；回家 g0短语 go away走开 go back回去 goby(时间)逝去；经过 goof发出响声；熄灭；离开 g0on继续 go over仔细检查；复习 go through浏览；翻阅；通过 turn短语 turn off关掉 turn on打开 turn into变成 turn out结果是 turn over翻身；翻转 turn up调高（音量） turn down调低（音量）；拒绝 look短语 look after照顾；照看 look at看；朝…看 look down向下看 look for寻找；寻求 look like看起来像 look out当心 look over检查 look through浏览 look back回头看；回首 1 ook up(在词典、参考书等中)查阅；查找 put短语 put back放回原处 put down放下；镇压 put off推迟；拖延 put on穿上；上演 put out扑灭；熄灭（火） put away收起；收拾好 put up搭起；举起；张贴（海报）(2023.36) take短语 take away拿走 take back退还；收回 take care当心；小心 take down记下；取下 take out拿出：取出 take up占据；学着做；开始做 take in吸收；吞入（体内）；欺骗 take off脱下（衣服）；（飞机等）起飞 take after(外貌或行为)与（父母等）相像 think短语 think about思考；思索 think of认为；想起 think over仔细考虑(2025样卷.35) think up想出 2.同一介词/副词型 about短语 care about关心；在意 hear about听说 know about了解；知道 learn about学习；了解 worry about担心；烦恼 talk about谈论；讨论；议论 92 away短语 blow away吹走 break away脱离；摆脱 drive away驱车离开；赶走 move away搬走；离开 pass away过世；逝世 put away收起；收拾好 run away逃跑；跑掉 sweep away扫去 throw away扔掉 walk away步行离开 wash away冲走；洗掉 back短语 hand back交还 pay back偿还（借款等） talk back回嘴；顶嘴 bring back恢复；使想起；归还 by短语 pass by路过；经过 drop by顺便访问；随便进入 down短语 calm down平静下来 die down逐渐变弱 lie down躺下 shut down停工；关闭 sit down坐下 slow down减速 write down写下；记下 break down停止运转；出故障 for短语 ask for要求；请求 call for要求；提倡；需要 cheer for为…加油 die for为…而死 fight for为…而战 leave for出发前往 prepare for为…做准备 pay for付买…的钱 search for搜寻；查找 stand for代表；支持 thanks for为…而感谢 wait for等候；等待(2025.36) care for喜欢；关心；照顾 in短语 arrive in到达 believe in信任；信赖 break in闯人；打断 call in召来；叫来 cut in插嘴；干预 0n短语 carry on继续 depend on依靠；信赖 hold on等一等（别挂电话） land on着陆；登陆 move on继续前进 pass on传递 try0n试穿(2022.34) work on从事；忙于 focus on致力于；使聚焦于 into短语 fall/drop into落入；陷入 knock into与…相撞 look into调查；研究 rush into冲入 walk into撞上 of短语 break off突然终止；中断 pay off还清（欠款等） set off动身；出发；使爆炸 show off炫耀；卖弄 shut off关闭；使停止运转 out短语 blow out吹灭 bring out使显现；使表现出 cut out删除；删去 find out查明；发现；了解 hand out分发 hang out闲逛 lay out摆开；布置 leave out不提及；忽略 point out指出 sell out卖完；售光 set out出发；启程 try out参加…选拔；试用 send out发出；派遣 work out成功地发展；解决 check out获得证明；结账离开；核实 clean out清除；把.…打扫干净 break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发 93 to短语 belong to属于 lead to导致；导向 listen to听 point to指向 stick to坚持；固守 turn to求助；转向 shout to对…大声喊叫 up短语 bring up养育；抚养 make up编造；组成；化妆 ring up打电话给… set up建立；创立 show up出席；露面 stay up不睡觉；熬夜 cut up切碎 dress up穿上盛装；装扮 fix up修理；修补 endp最终成为；最后处于 use up用完；用光 wake up睡醒；醒来 hang up挂断电话 hurry up赶快；快点儿 cheer up使振奋；使高兴起来 clean up(把…)打扫干净 grow up成长；长大(2021.50) pick up捡起；接人；接电话 take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做；占据 考点测验 ⑦河北5年真题溯源 A.hang out B.turn around 1.(2023河北36题)We are supposed to C.look up D.eat in our hand before we speak in class. 4.（2025遂宁)-Helen, the lights A.put up B.put out when you leave the room. C.put down D.put away -OK,Mr.Smith.I got it. 2.(2022河北34题)-Michael, this A.turn on B.turn off shirt. C.turn up D.turn down -Oh,it looks nice on me! 5.(2025达州改编)一Now we need to come up A.try on B.put down with a plan to tell people about our book sales. C.take off D.throw away -I think we could signs. ①拓展提升 A.put off B.put up I.完形填空基础题 C.put in D.put on 1.(2025连云港)Our class went on a camping trip Ⅱ.完形填空 last Sunday.We our tent near a lake. As a little boy,I loved listening to my A.put up B.made up grandfather telling stories about his childhood.My C.took up D.woke up favourite one was that he and his friends 1 to 2.(2025扬州)Stress comes and goes..Sometimes the top of a tree to get a bird's nest.I hope I 2 you just need to do that one day,but it's not possible.Because A.sit down B.fall down things 3 quite different now. C.calm down D.come down First of all,our parents think it's too 3.(2025安徽)-Thanks a lot for yesterday..Ihad dangerous for children to climb trees.They always a good time visiting the ancient town. 4 us to be careful.Second,there are not so -It was my great pleasure to many birds'nests around us.But today my dream with you. 51 94 This morning,Uncle Meng asked me to 6 3.A.do B.are his shop.The shop is very large outside the city. C.were D.have He 7 some old cars.When I got there,Uncle 4.A.tell B.take Meng showed me different kinds of old cars.As we C.give D.like 8 around,we found something special-a 5.A.came true B.came out bird's nest on the top of a green car!I was excited C.came across D.came up 6.A.find B.visit to get so close to a real bird's nest.I climbed up to C.clean D.build 9 the nest.There were four little eggs in it.I 7.A.sells B.drives 10 break the nest. C.uses D.washes I hope the birds can be born safely and the 8.A.ran B.showed bird family can live happily together. C.walked D.kept 1.A.moved B.jumped 9.A.cancel B.hang C.flew D.climbed C.throw D.check 2.A.need B.should 10.A.am not B.didn't C.can D.must C.wasn't D.haven't 考点2情态动词 //111/II/i课标语法导图UI/IIII/I// can 能，会，表示能力；可以，表示允许、请求或建议。 能，会，can的过去式，表过去的能力；可以， could 表委婉地请求；有可能，也许，表示推测。 may 可以，表示请求或许可，比can,couldi更正式；表示祝愿。 might may的过去式。表示请求或许可时，比may语气更委婉。 must 必须，表示义务、要求或命令，侧重说话人的主观看法或意见。 基本用法 need 需要，常用于否定句和疑问句。 should 表示劝告、义务、责任或建议。 shall 多用于第一、三人称，表示征求对方的意见。 情态动词 will,would 表示请求；表示意愿。 had better 用来提出建议。 have to 不得不，表示客观必要。 肯定推测：must>could>may>might 表推测 否定推测：can't>may not>:might not 955.scarves/scarfs 6.teeth 7.tomatoes 8.seasons 9.inventors 10.Canadian 11.knives 12.heroes 13.kites 14.flowers 15.artist 16.scientist 17.safety 18.pressure 19.invitation 20.teacher 21.magician 22.brushes 23.boxes 24.photos 25.development II.1.years 2.activities 3.friends 4.places 5.classes 考点3名词所有格 拓展提升 1.Tom's 2.minutes'3.father's 4.theirs 5.Children's 语法知识滚动练 1.hours 2.classmates 3.habits 4.candies 5.meals 6.dishes 7.snacks 8.months 9.friends 10.importance 专题二 动词和动词短语 考点1动词和动词短语 河北5年真题溯源 1.A2.A 拓展提升 I.1.A2.C3.A4.B5.B Ⅱ.1.D2.C3.B4.A5.A6.B7.A8.C9.D 10.B 考点2情态动词 河北5年真题溯源 1.B2.A3.C 拓展提升 1.A2.A3.C4.C5.D6.D 考点3谓语动词的时态 河北5年真题溯源 1.taught 2.will make 3.washes;is setting;will do; helped;got 4.gets 5.rang 6.shouted 7.will order 8.has studied 9.has read 10.are playing 11.got 12.tells 13.was taking 14.likes 15.invited 16.works 17.won 拓展提升 1.is giving 2.picks 3.turns 4.appears 5.has created 6.are 7.made 8.showed 9.started 10.asked 11.were thinking 12.praised 13.becomes 14.have achieved 15.will continue 考点4被动语态 河北5年真题溯源 1.is called 2.is cut 3.was read 4.is provided 5.were made 拓展提升 1.will be replaced 2.will be held 3.be avoided 4.was built 5.be protected 考点5动词的非谓语形式 河北5年真题溯源 1.to create 2.to change 拓展提升 1.to do 2.to make 3.to share 4.crying 5.practicing 6.praising 7.to stay 8.to sell 9.taking 10.to give 11.to introduce 12.to enter 13.reading 14.to swim 15.to win 考点6主谓一致 河北5年真题溯源 are 拓展提升 1.spends 2.is 3.is 4.has 5.has 6.increases 7.goes 8.remains 9.is 10.is 11.is 12.is 13.are 14.was 15.were 16.am 17.are 18.is 19.were 20.has 语法知识滚动练 I.1.C2.D3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.B9.A 10.D II.1.were left 2.driver's 3.was playing 4.was parked 5.cars 6.tried 7.was 8 8.to do 9.rushing 10.reached 11.years 12.ran 13.acted 14.has made 15.will share 专题三形容词和副词 考点1形容词、副词的句法功能 河北5年真题溯源 1.interesting 2.thankful 3.relaxed 4.friendly 5.lovely 6.recently 7.happily 8.really 拓展提升 I.1.sunny 2.useful 3.national 4.homeless 5.snowy 6.lucky 7.touching 8.healthy 9.dangerous 10.colourful 11.sleepy 12.patient 13.comfortable 14.politely 15.wisely 16.carefully 17.highly 18.completely Ⅱ.1.D2.B3.A4.D5.C6.B7.B8.A9.C 10.A 考点2形容词和副词的比较等级 河北5年真题溯源 1.busiest 2.younger 3.nicest 4.highest 5.faster 拓展提升 1.quieter 2.stronger 3.larger 4.harder 5.cheapest 6.wealthier 7.lowest 8.lazier 语法知识滚动练 I.1.A2.D3.A4.C5.B6.D7.A8.B9.B 10.C II.1.taller 2.boys 3.were told 4.excited 5.simply 6.kindness 7.longest 8.proudest 9.softly 10.differently 11.creative 12.easily 13.valuable 14.better 15.helped 专题四代词 考点1人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 河北5年真题溯源 1.us 2.Hers 3.him 4.herself 5.his 6.him 7.mine 8.Mine 9.her 拓展提升 1.my 2.me 3.myself 4.her 5.hers 6.us