专题2 考点5 动词的非谓语形式-【众相原创·赋能中考】2026年中考英语课堂精讲册（人教版 河北专用）

2.The next Winter Olympic Games it has become a popular place for students. (hold)in Italy in 2026. 5.In order to have a green world,the natural 3.Many road accidents can (avoid)if environment must (protect）by we all follow traffic rules. everyone. 4.The new library (build)last year and 考点5动词的非谓语形式 //I/I课标语法导图// 基本形式：①to+动词原形；②省略to的不定式 形式 否定形式：not to-+动词原形 动词不定式 作宾语、宾语补足语、状语 句法功能 作主语、表语、定语 非 谓语动 基本形式：动词原形+-ing 形式 否定形式：not+动词原形+-ing 动名词 句法功能：作主语、表语、宾语、定语 分类：现在分词、过去分词 分词 句法功能：作定语、补语等 考点讲解 一、动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。其否定形式由“ot+动词不定式” 构成。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即 可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。 1.动词不定式(todo)的功能 功能 例句 作主语 To keep the classroom clean is important 作宾语 I want to keep the classroom clean. 作表语 My purpose is to keep the classroom clean. 作补足语 Our teacher advises us to keep the classroom clean. 目的状语 I collect rubbish to keep the classroom clean. 作状语 原因状语 I am happy to keep the classroom clean. 结果状语 I am free enough to clean the classroom. 作定语 am not free now.I have many things to do. 庄意 ①动词不定式作主语时，常用t作形式主语，真正的主语一动词不定式则被后置。如：ts difficult for me to learn math well. 132 ②若单个动词不定式位于句首作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：To learn math well is difficult for me 2.常见的接动词不定式作宾语的动词/词组(y.+tod0sth.…做某事) afford负担得起 agree同意 ask要求 choose选择 dare敢于 decide决定 expect期待 forget忘记 happen碰巧 hope/wish希望 leam学习 manage设法 offer主动提出 plan计划 prefer更喜欢 prepare准备 promise承诺 refuse拒绝 remember记得 seem似乎 try努力 wait等待 want/would like想要(2025样卷.45) 3.常见的接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(.+sb.+to do sth.…某人做某事) advise建议 allow允许 ask要求 encourage鼓励(2025.54) expect期望 force强迫 invite邀请 order命令 remind提醒 teach教 tell告诉 want想要 warm警告 wish希望 4.“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 ①疑问词与动词不定式连用可作主语、宾语或表语。如： Where to go for the coming holiday hasn't been decided.(作主语) I haven't decided where to go for the coming holiday..（作宾语) My question is where to go for the coming holiday.(作表语) ②“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如： Can you tell me how to make a plan for the coming holiday?=Can you tell me how I can make a plan for the coming holiday? 5.不带to的情况 ①有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带o。这种动词有两类：一类是感官动词，如 see,hear,watch,feel,notice等。如： I saw the teacher get out. I heard the birds sing. ②另一类是使役动词，如let,make,have等。如： Let me go! They made the children work 12 hours a day. ★短文填空解题技巧2-8动词原形→动词不定式 适用情况 示例 1.作宾语(2025样卷.45) We decided to go(go)on vacation. 2.作宾语补足语(2025.54) Lisa encouraged me to try(try)new things. 3.作目的状语 I save money to buy(buy)a new car. 4.“疑问词+todo”结构 Can you tell me how to use(use)this machine? 5.“Itis+ad.(+for/ofsb.)+to do sth.结构” It is dangerous for children to swim(swim)in the river. 6.不定式常见特殊句型 It's time to finish(finish)your homework. 133 二、动名词 1.动名词(y.ing)的功能 功能 例句 作主语 Teaching English is interesting. 动词的宾语 She likes teaching English. 作宾语 介词的宾语 She is good at teaching English. 作表语 Her job is teaching English in a middle school 作定语 She wants to buy a washing machine. 2.常见的接动名词作宾语的动词/词组(y.+doing sth. …做某事) avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢 feel like想要 finish完成 imagine想象 keep坚持 mind介意 miss错过 practice练习 risk冒险 stand忍受 stop停止 succeed in成功 advise/suggest建议 住意 ①若单个动词不定式/动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Doing more exercise is good for your health ②主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，两者在形式上应保持一致。如：To see is to believe./Seeing is believing. ③有一些动词后面既可以接动名词，也可以接动词不定式，但是意思有区别，常见的有： forget doing sth..忘记做过某事（已做） (remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做） forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做） remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做） (regret doing sth.对做过的事感到后悔（已做） mean doing sth.意味着做某事 regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾（未做） mean to do sth.打算做某事 stop doing sth..停止做某事 (try doing sth.尝试做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 (try to do sth.设法/努力做某事 ④若to为动词不定式符号，后接动词原形：若to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。以下短语中 的to为介词： be/get/become used to习惯于 hold on to坚持；抓住 stick to坚持 lead to导致；引起；通向 turn to求助于 look forward to盼望；期待 look up to敬仰；尊敬 pay attention to注意 三、分词 分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词由“.+-ig”构成，表示主动、进行之意；过去 分词由“v.+-ed”构成，表示被动、完成之意。 134 1.分词的功能 功能 用法 例句 现在分词作补足语，被补充说明的宾语或主 I saw Bob playing basketball on the playground. 作补 语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系） 足语 过去分词作补足语，被补充说明的宾语或主 I want to have my watch repaired. 语是它的逻辑宾语（即动宾关系） 现在分词作定语，被修饰的词是其逻辑主语 The girl sitting by my side is my little sister. 作定语 过去分词作定语，被修饰的词是其逻辑宾语 Please hand in your written exercises. 2.现在分词与过去分词的区别 ①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如： I saw someone closing the door. I saw the door closed. ②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已完成的动作。如： developing country发展中国家 developed country发达国家 3.过去分词的常见搭配 ①主语+have/get sth..done“使.…被.”。如： I want to have/get these chairs fixed. ②Itbe+过去分词+hat.句型： It is said that...据说. It is reported that..据报道. It is hoped that..人们希望.… It is well-known that..众所周知. It is suggested that...有人提议… It is required that...据要求. 考点测验 ①河北5年真题溯源 Poem A Day”program share) 1.(2025河北54题节选)I encourage you Chinese culture with the world. (create)your“Good Things Jug'”today. 4.(2025德阳改编)The little girl stopped 2.(2025河北样卷45题节选)Lucy and I take (cry)and began to laugh when she saw the turns to set the table for dinner and wash the funny face dishes.But today,Lucy wanted 5.(2025苏州改编)Before the Spring Festival, change)the roles. we spent weeks in practice)the ⊙拓展提升 dragon dance. 用所给词的适当形式填空 6.(2025扬州改编)Many poets express their love 1.(2025白银)Students are asked (do) for Yangzhou by （praise)its beauty in their works. this task by themselves. 7.(2025泸州改编)It's not healthy 2.（2025扬州改编)We should build on past (stay)up late.You'd better go to bed early achievements and work together 8.Nowadays more and more farmers learn (make)a better world. (sell)their fruits through Douyin. 3.（2025连云港改编)A teacher started an“A 135 9.As an explorer,Lin Tao is used to school to get further education. (take)risks. 13.A book review can often tell me whether it is 10.We plan give)away a few books to worth (read)or not. people in need. 14.Look at the sign "No swimming"over there.It 11.We should think about how warns us not swim)in the river. (introduce)Chinese culture to the world. 15.If you expect win)the competition, 12.I really hope (enter）a good high you must put your heart into training every day. 考点6主谓一致 /1/11111课标语法导图/1//I// 就近原则 Not only my father but also I like running. 主谓 语法一致 The number of students in our school is 3,000. 致 意义一致 Three years has passed since we entered the university. 考点讲解 主谓一致指句子的谓语动词与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主谓)易错点 一致要遵循三个基本原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1. chopsticks,glasses, 一、语法一致原则 scissors,trousers,clothes, 语法一致原则指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形 jeans,.shoes等词一般以 式，谓语动词用单数形式：主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 复数形式出现，作主语 主语 谓语 例句 时，谓语动词要用复数 不可数名词、可数名词单数、第 单数 A girl is singing in the classroom. 形式，但是这些词若被a 三人称单数 either,neither,each,every pair of修饰，谓语动词则 单数 no+可数名词单数 Every student is ready for the exam. 用单数形式。如： Nothing is impossible for a willing The shoes cost 100 复合不定代词 单数 heart. yuan.=This pair of shoes 可数名词复数、人称代词复数及 Two girls are singing in the 复数 costs 100 yuan. 第二人称you classroom. 2.“this/that kind of+名 and或both..and.…连接的名词/ 复数 Both Jenny and Kate are my friends 代词 词”作主语时，谓语动词 主语后面跟有with,together 取决于前 He as well as his parents wants to go 用单数；“many kinds of-+ with,except,but,like,as well 个主语 to the museum to spend their 名词”作主语时，谓语动 as,rather than,including等词 的数 weekend. 词用复数。如： 单个动词不定式短语、动名词短 Speaking English with Liz helps me 单数 This kind of cups 语或从句 improve my spoken English. sells well. one of+-可数名词复数/复数代词 单数 One of the boys has a basketball Many kinds of cups 136考点3名词所有格 拓展提升 1.Tom's 2.minutes'3.father's 4.theirs 5.Children's 语法知识滚动练 1.hours 2.classmates 3.habits 4.candies 5.meals 6.dishes 7.snacks 8.months 9.school's 10.importance 专题二 动词和动词短语 考点1动词和动词短语 河北5年真题溯源 1.A2.A 拓展提升 I.1.A2.C3.A4.B5.B Ⅱ.1.D2.C3.B4.A5.A6.B7.A8.C9.D 10.B 考点2情态动词 河北5年真题溯源 1.B2.A3.C 拓展提升 1.A2.A3.C4.C5.D6.D 考点3谓语动词的时态 河北5年真题溯源 1.taught 2.will make 3.washes;is setting;will do;helped; got 4.gets 5.rang 6.shouted 7.will order 8.has studied 9.has read 10.are playing 11.got 12.tells 13.was taking 14.likes 15.invited 16.works 17.won 拓展提升 1.is giving 2.picks 3.turns 4.appears 5.has created 6.are 7.made 8.showed 9.started 10.asked 11.were thinking 12.praised 13.becomes 14.have achieved 15.will continue 考点4被动语态 河北5年真题溯源 1.is called 2.is cut 3.was read 4.is provided 5.were made 拓展提升 1.will be replaced 2.will be held 3.be avoided 4.was built 5.be protected 考点5动词的非谓语形式 河北5年真题溯源 1.to create 2.to change 拓展提升 1.to do 2.to make 3.to share 4.crying 5.practicing 6.praising 7.to stay 8.to sell 9.taking 10.to give 11.to introduce 12.to enter 13.reading 14.to swim 15.to win 考点6主谓一致 河北5年真题溯源 are 8 :拓展提升 1.spends 2.is 3.is 4.has 5.has 6.increases 7.goes 8.remains 9.is 10.is 11.is 12.is 13.are 14.was 15.were 16.am 17.are 18.is 19.were 20.has 语法知识滚动练 I.1.C2.D3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.B9.A 10.D II.1.were left 2.driver's 3.was playing 4.was parked 5.cars 6.tried 7.was 8.to do 9.rushing 10.reached 11.years 12.runs 13.acted 14.has made 15.will share 专题三形容词和副词 考点1形容词、副词的句法功能 河北5年真题溯源 1.interesting 2.thankful 3.relaxed 4.friendly 5.lovely 6.recently 7.happily 8.really 拓展提升 I.1.sunny 2.useful 3.national 4.homeless 5.snowy 6.lucky 7.touching 8.healthy 9.dangerous 10.colorful 11.sleepy 12.patient 13.comfortable 14.politely 15.wisely 16.carefully 17.highly 18.completely Ⅱ.1.D2.B3.A4.D5.C6.B7.B8.A9.C 10.A 考点2形容词和副词的比较等级 河北5年真题溯源 1.busiest 2.younger 3.nicest 4.highest 5.faster 拓展提升 1.quieter 2.stronger 3.larger 4.harder 5.cheapest 6.wealthier 7.lowest 8.lazier 语法知识滚动练 I.1.A2.D3.A4.C5.B6.D7.A8.B9.B 10.C II.1.taller 2.boys 3.were told 4.excited 5.simply 6.kindness 7.longest 8.proudest 9.softly 10.differently 11.creative 12.easily 13.valuable 14.better 15.helped 专题四 代词 考点1人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 河北5年真题溯源 1.us 2.Hers 3.him 4.herself 5.his 6.him 7.mine 8.Mine 9.her 拓展提升 1.my 2.me 3.myself 4.her 5.hers 6.us 考点2指示代词 拓展提升 1.C2.B3.C4.B