Unit 5 Power of Ideas（单元重点语法任务单）2026-2027学年九年级英语上册（新教材人教版）

Unit 5 Power of Ideas重点语法 考点一：被动语态的核心概念与构成 一、知识精讲 1. 核心定义 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即主语是谓语动词的逻辑宾语。 语态 核心含义 例句 主语身份 主动语态 主语执行动作 Many people speak English. 执行者 被动语态 主语承受动作 English is spoken by many people. 承受者 2. 被动语态的构成 被动语态由 “助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词（done）” 构成。助动词 be 有人称、时态和数的变化，时态由 be 的时态决定，过去分词本身不随时态变化。 记忆口诀：be + done 是被动，be 变时态和人称；过去分词不变动，by 后常跟执行者。 3. 使用被动语态的典型场景 场景 示例 不知道动作的执行者 A book is stolen. 书被偷了。 不必指出动作的执行者 I was born in 1990. 我出生于1990年。 强调动作的承受者 The TV was invented after the car. 电视是在汽车之后发明的。 动作的执行者是无生命的事物 The bridge was washed away by the flood. 桥被洪水冲走了。 科技文章或新闻报道中陈述客观事实 Now the cutting machine is controlled by information. 考点二：一般现在时的被动语态——“经常性、习惯性的被动” 一、知识精讲 1. 谓语构成：am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词 主语 be 动词 例句 I am I am taken care of by my uncle. 我由我叔叔照顾。 He / She / It / 单数名词 is This knife is made of wood and metal. 这把刀是用木头和金属制成的。 We / You / They / 复数名词 are These bananas are produced in Hainan. 这些香蕉产于海南。 教材语境示例： · The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天都被打扫。）——表示经常性动作 · These books are written in English.（这些书是用英语写的。）——表示客观事实 2. 四大句式结构 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 The desk is made by him. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 + 其他 The desk isn't made by him. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Is the desk made by him? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Where is the desk made? 回答方式：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. / No, 主语 + am/is/are + not. 3. 主动变被动的三步法 步骤 操作 示例（主动：Many students play football.） 第一步 主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 Football ... 第二步 主动句的谓语变为 am/is/are + 过去分词（时态不变，be 与主语一致） ... is played ... 第三步 主动句的主语变为 by + 宾语（可省略） ... by many students. 完整转换：Football is played by many students. 助记口诀：宾语提前成主语，时态人称 be 体现；过去分词随 be 后，by 来把原主连； 主动变被动，时态根本不用变。 二、即学即用 一、用括号里所给单词的正确形式填空（一般现在时被动） 1. English (speak) in many countries. 2. These bananas (produce) in Hainan. 3. The classroom (clean) every day. 4. A lot of books (give) to the students by the school every year. 5. This kind of skirt (sell) well here. 6. The flowers need (water) every day. 参考答案：1. is spoken 2. are produced 3. is cleaned 4. are given 5. sells（主动表被动） 6. watering（主动表被动） 考点三：一般过去时的被动语态——“过去发生的一次性被动” 一、知识精讲 1. 谓语构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 主语 be 动词 例句 I / He / She / It / 单数名词 was The bridge was built in 1998. 这座桥建于1998年。 We / You / They / 复数名词 were The letters were sent yesterday. 这些信昨天被寄出了。 教材语境示例： · The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.（电话是贝尔在1876年发明的。） · The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi in the 1890s.（收音机是古列尔莫·马可尼在19世纪90年代发明的。） 2. 四大句式结构 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 Jim was told to come early. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 + 其他 The rice wasn't eaten by the boy. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Were you asked to go home on time? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ When was the telephone invented? 3. 主动变被动的三步法（以过去时为例） 主动句：Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 被动句：The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876. · 宾语 the telephone → 主语 · 谓语 invented（一般过去时）→ was invented（be 用过去式，保持时态一致） · 主语 Bell → by Bell 二、即学即用 用括号里所给单词的正确形式填空（一般过去时被动） 1. The telephone (invent) by Bell in 1876. 2. The bridge (build) in 1998. 3. The letters (send) yesterday. 4. He was seen (leave) the room just now. 5. The children were made (work) all day. 6. The accident (happen) yesterday. 参考答案：1. was invented 2. was built 3. were sent 4. to leave 5. to work 6. happened（不及物动词无被动） 考点四：高频易错点与特殊考点 一、双宾语的被动转换 含双宾语的主动句（主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语“人” + 直接宾语“物”）变被动时，可以把其中任意一个宾语提前作主语。 规则： · 把间接宾语（人）提前作主语时，直接宾语保留，不加介词。 · 把直接宾语（物）提前作主语时，间接宾语前通常要加 to 或 for（根据动词搭配决定）。 主动句 被动句（人作主语） 被动句（物作主语） My teacher gave me a lot of books. I was given a lot of books by my teacher. A lot of books were given to me by my teacher. She bought me a pen. I was bought a pen by her. A pen was bought for me by her. 介词选用：give, send, show, teach, tell, lend 等用 to；buy, get, make, cook 等用 for。 二、复合宾语的被动转换 主动句为“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”时，变被动只能把宾语提前作主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语之后，成为主语补足语。 主动：They asked him to sing a song. 被动：He was asked to sing a song. 三、感官动词与使役动词的被动——to 的还原 这是中考高频易错点。主动语态中，感官动词（see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等）和使役动词（make, let, have 等）后接省略 to 的动词不定式作宾补；变为被动语态时，省略的 to 必须还原。 主动句（省略 to） 被动句（还原 to） I saw him leave the room. He was seen to leave the room. They made him work all day. He was made to work all day. We heard her sing in the next room. She was heard to sing in the next room. ⚠️ 注意：let 和 have 极少用于被动语态，中考主要考查 make 和感官动词的 to 还原。 四、不及物动词没有被动语态 只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词（happen, appear, disappear, arrive, die, fall, remain 等）以及相当于不及物动词的短语动词（take place, come true, run out, fall asleep 等）不能用于被动语态。 错误（误用被动） 正确（主动） ❌ The accident was happened yesterday. ✅ The accident happened yesterday. ❌ The two thieves have been disappeared. ✅ The two thieves have disappeared. ❌ Great changes have been taken place. ✅ Great changes have taken place. 五、主动形式表示被动意义 1. 系动词 + 形容词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等系动词后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动含义。 · The soup tastes delicious.（汤尝起来很美味。） · The idea sounds great.（这个主意听起来很棒。） 2. 某些不及物动词 + 副词 write, wash, sell, read, clean, cut 等词与 well, easily, smoothly 等副词连用时，用主动形式表示被动意义，说明主语的内在品质或属性。 · This kind of skirt sells well.（这种裙子很畅销。） · The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很顺滑。） 3. need / want / be worth + doing need, want, be worth 等词后接动名词 doing 时，用主动形式表示被动含义。 · My flowers need watering.（我的花需要浇水了。）= My flowers need to be watered. · The book is worth reading.（这本书值得一读。） 六、固定被动结构 部分动词短语在习惯上只用于被动语态，需要整体记忆。 固定被动结构 含义 示例 be made of / from 由……制成 The knife is made of wood. be covered with 被……覆盖 The road is covered with snow. be known as 作为……而闻名 He is known as a great inventor. be supposed to do 应该做某事 You are supposed to arrive on time. 二、即学即用 三、句型转换（主动变被动） 1. Many students play football.（改为被动语态） → Football ______ ______ by many students. 2. Bell invented the telephone in 1876.（改为被动语态） → The telephone ______ ______ by Bell in 1876. 3. My teacher gave me a lot of books.（改为被动语态，用“人”作主语） → I ______ ______ a lot of books by my teacher. 4. My teacher gave me a lot of books.（改为被动语态，用“物”作主语） → A lot of books ______ ______ ______ me by my teacher. 5. I saw him leave the room.（改为被动语态） → He ______ ______ ______ ______ the room. 参考答案：1. is played 2. was invented 3. was given 4. were given to 5. was seen to leave 四、单项选择 1. The bridge ______ in 1998. It is very old now. A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built 2. Today, many learning apps ______ by students all over the world. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 3. The two thieves have ______. Nobody knows where they are. A. been disappeared B. disappeared C. been disappearing D. disappear 4. He was made ______ the room by his mother. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 5. —What a nice garden! —Yes. It ______ every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned 参考答案：1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 词句基础练 一、单项选择 1．The invention of paper ________ people share knowledge more easily. A．helps B．helped C．is helped D．was helped 【答案】A 【详解】句意：纸张的发明帮助人们更容易地分享知识。 主语The invention of paper与动词help之间是主动关系，且主语是单数，本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词用helps。 2．Scientists say the universe ________ about 13.8 billion years ago. A．begins B．began C．will begin D．has begun 【答案】B 【详解】句意：科学家说宇宙大约始于138亿年前。 根据句末时间状语“about 13.8 billion years ago”可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式began。 3．The first practical light bulb ________ by Thomas Edison in 1879. A．invented B．was invented C．is invented D．invents 【答案】B 【详解】句意：第一个实用灯泡是在 1879 年被托马斯·爱迪生发明的。 invented发明，过去式/过去分词；was invented被发明，一般过去时被动语态；is invented被发明，一般现在时被动语态；invents发明，一般现在时主动，三单。根据时间状语“in 1879”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语是动作的承受者，且由“by”引出动作发出者，故用被动语态。一般过去时被动语态结构为“was/were +过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。 4．—Jack, your bedroom is in such a mess! —Sorry, Mum. I will clean it as soon as my homework ________ this afternoon. A．finishes B．is finished C．will finish D．will be finished 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——杰克，你的卧室太乱了！——对不起，妈妈。今天下午一旦我的作业被完成，我就会打扫它。 as soon as引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，主句时态是一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时。从句主语my homework与动词finish之间是被动关系，需用被动语态is finished。 5．—I heard that the latest AI drawing tool ________ to all users for free last month. —Yes. That’s why you can see so many amazing digital artworks online these days. A．was offered B．is offered C．will be offered D．has offered 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我听说最新的AI绘画工具上个月免费提供给所有用户了。——是的。这就是为什么这几天你能在网上看到这么多惊人的数字艺术作品。 根据时间状语“last month”可知句子时态为一般过去时；主语“the latest AI drawing tool”与动词“offer”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态构成为was/were+过去分词。 6．________ these letters ________ by airmail in those days? A．Were; sent B．Are; sent C．Did; send D．Was; sent 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那些日子里这些信是通过航空邮件寄出的吗？ Were是；Are是；Did做；Was是。时间状语“in those days”说明句子时态为一般过去时；主语“these letters”与动词“send”之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“主语+was/were+过去分词”；主语是复数，be动词用“were”；“send”的过去分词形式是“sent”。应选填A选项。 7．Dirty water ________ into the river near our town. A．pours B．is not pouring C．not pour D．is not poured 【答案】D 【详解】句意：脏水没有被倒入我们镇附近的河里。 主语Dirty water与动词pour之间是被动关系，即“水被倒”，因此需要使用被动语态结构（be+过去分词）。A项为主动语态；B项为现在进行时主动语态的否定形式；C项缺少助动词，结构错误；D项为一般现在时被动语态的否定形式，符合语法逻辑。故选D。 8．________ the classroom ________ every day after school? A．Is; cleaned B．Does; clean C．Are; cleaned D．Is; clean 【答案】A 【详解】句意：教室每天放学后都被打扫吗？ every day提示动作经常性发生，句子是一般现在时；主语the classroom是单数，且与动词clean之间是被动关系，表示“被打扫”，是被动语态。be动词用Is，clean变为过去分词cleaned。 9．If we want to live on another planet, we must ________ air, water and food first. A．produce B．be produced C．producing D．produced 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果我们想在另一个星球生活，我们必须首先生产空气、水和食物。 must是情态动词，情态动词后面要跟动词原形。句子主语是we（我们），和produce（生产）是主动关系，不用被动。应填produce。 10．We’re not sure if they ________ the concert in two weeks. If it ________, they must practice hard. A．will hold, holds B．will hold, is held C．hold, will be held D．hold, holds 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们不确定他们是否会在两周后举办音乐会。如果它被举行，他们必须努力练习。 第一处if引导宾语从句，由时间状语“in two weeks”可知需用一般将来时will hold；第二处if引导条件状语从句，依据“主将从现”规则，主句有情态动词must，从句用一般现在时，同时主语it承受hold 动作，需用一般现在时的被动语态is held 。 11．A special pair of sunglasses ______ to protect people’s eyes. A．designs B．designed C．was designed D．is designing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一副特殊的太阳镜被设计出来以保护人们的眼睛。sunglasses与design是被动关系，动作发生在过去，主语中心词是pair（单数），用一般过去时的被动语态was designed。 12．My grandpa ________ taking a short walk after breakfast. A．used to B．is used for C．uses to D．is used to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我爷爷习惯于早餐后散步。 used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used for doing sth.被用来做某事；use sth. to do sth.使用某物做某事；be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事，to为介词，后接动名词。结合“taking a short walk after breakfast”可知，我爷爷习惯于早餐后散步，故选用is used to。 二、完成句子 1．The information is stored in this computer. (改为否定句) The information ________ ________ in this computer. 【答案】 isn’t stored 【详解】句意：信息存储在这台电脑里。原句是一般现在时的被动语态，改为否定句需在be动词is后加not缩写，过去分词stored保留，故填“isn’t; stored”。 2．这台3D打印机可以被用来生产许多东西。 The 3D printer can ________ ________ ________ produce many things. 【答案】 be used to 【详解】原句中“被用来”为关键词，本句为含情态动词的被动语态，结构：情态动词+be+过去分词。“被用来做某事”对应固定短语为be used to do sth.。情态动词can后面要接动词原形be。故填be；used；to。 3．有关历史的书和有关动物的书混在一起了。 Books on history were ________ ________ with books on animals. 【答案】 mixed up 【详解】原句中“混在一起”是关键词，表示“混合”的短语是mixed up。本句为一般过去时的被动语态，were后接动词过去分词。故填mixed；up。 4．A local farmer found the old coin. The old coin ________ ________ ________ a local farmer. 【答案】 was found by 【详解】句意：一位当地农民发现了这枚古币。主动语态和被动语态都表示农民发现了古币。一般过去时被动结构为was/were +过去分词，施动者前加by，故填“was found by”。 5．The cup was made of bamboo. (对bamboo提问) ________ ________ the cup made ________? 【答案】 What was of 【详解】句意：这个杯子是由竹子制成的。划线部分是bamboo，对材料提问用What。原句是一般过去时的被动语态，变疑问句将was提前，介词of置于句末。句首首字母大写。故填What；was；of。 6．在古代中国，许多不同的材料被用于写字。   In ________ China, many different materials ________ ________ to write on. 【答案】 ancient were used 【详解】原句中“古代”以及“被用于”是关键词，ancient表示“古代的”；本句为一般过去时的被动语态，主语materials是复数，be动词用were，use的过去分词为used。故填ancient；were；used。 7．作为一名老师，她深受学生们的敬仰。 As a teacher, she is greatly ________ ________ ________ by her students. 【答案】 looked up to 【详解】原句中“受……敬仰”是关键词，“敬仰”对应动词短语look up to；“受”和介词by表明为被动语态，动词需用过去分词，故填looked up to。 8．这项技术不仅改变了我们的生活，还被广泛传播到世界各地。 The technology not only changed our lives, but was also ________ ________ all over the world. 【答案】 spread widely 【详解】原句中“广泛传播”是关键词”，spread“传播”，was与过去分词构成一般过去时被动语态，spread的过去分词是spread。widely“广泛地”，副词修饰动词“spread”。 9．成百上千种菜肴可以被Smart Cook本身制作。 Hundreds of kinds of dishes ________ ________ ________ by Smart Cook itself. 【答案】 can be made 【详解】原句中“可以被制作”是关键词，本句为含情态动词的被动语态，结构是can be+过去分词；表示“制作”的单词是make，它的过去分词为made。 10．迷你相机被连接到Super See上以帮助阅读。 A mini-camera ________ ________ ________ Super See to help with reading. 【答案】 is connected to 【详解】原句中“被连接到”是关键词，对应英文短语be connected to，表示“被连接至”。主语A mini-camera为单数，描述一般功能，用一般现在时，故填is；connected；to。 三、翻译 1．数以百计的机器用于生产手机。(be used for) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Hundreds of machines are used for producing mobile phones. 【详解】“数以百计的机器用于生产手机”译为“Hundreds of machines are used for producing mobile phones.”。“数以百计的机器”表达为Hundreds of machines。“用于”表达为be used for，陈述客观事实用一般现在时被动语态，主语为复数，故译为are used for。“生产手机”表达为produce mobile phones，介词for后接动名词。 2．这把椅子是用旧木头做的。 _____________________________________________ 【答案】This chair is made of old wood. 【详解】“这把椅子是用旧木头做的。”译为“This chair is made of old wood.”中文为陈述句，描述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语“这把椅子”译为“This chair”，作主语；系动词“是”译为“is”，作谓语；“用旧木头做的”译为“made of old wood”，作表语。 3．这些相机每周都会被检查。 _______________________________________________ 【答案】These cameras are checked every week. 【详解】“这些相机每周都会被检查。”译为“These cameras are checked every week.”。句子为一般现在时的被动语态；表示“这些相机”用复数名词These cameras作主语；一般现在时被动语态结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用are；表示“检查”用动词check，过去分词为checked；表示“每周”用短语every week作时间状语。 4．有些创造是意外的发明。(be invented by accident) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Some creations are invented by accident. 【详解】“有些创造是意外的发明”译为Some creations are invented by accident。“有些创造”译为Some creations，some修饰可数名词复数，放在句首首字母大写，主语为复数形式。“是……发明”译为are invented，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语与动词构成被动关系，一般现在时的被动语态结构：be+过去分词，主语为复数，be动词用are，invent的过去分词为invented。“意外的”译为by accident。 5．两个主要的挑战被莱特兄弟成功解决了。 _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Two main challenges were solved successfully by the Wright brothers. 【详解】“两个主要的挑战被莱特兄弟成功解决了。”译为“Two main challenges were solved successfully by the Wright brothers.”。本句描述过去的事情，时态为一般过去时，“两个主要的挑战”表达为Two main challenges，作主语；“被……解决了”表示一般过去时的被动语态，表达为were solved；副词“成功”修饰动词，表达为successfully；“莱特兄弟”作为动作发出者，表达为by the Wright brothers。 6．这条连接两座城市的高铁项目需要改进吗？ ____________________________________________ 【答案】 Does this high-speed rail project connecting two cities need improving? 【详解】“这条连接两座城市的高铁项目需要改进吗？”译为Does this high‑speed rail project connecting two cities need improving。“这条连接两座城市的高铁项目”译为this high‑speed rail project connecting two cities，用现在分词connecting作后置定语修饰名词project；“需要改进”译为need improving，考查固定搭配need doing，主动形式表被动含义，意为“需要被……”。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语project是第三人称单数，变为一般疑问句要借助助动词Does，整体遵循“助动词+主语+定语+谓语”的句子结构，注意句首字母大写及句末标点。 7．这个城市的旅游业应该被发展。 _______________________________________________ 【答案】The tourism of this city should be developed. 【详解】“这个城市的旅游业应该被发展。”译为“The tourism of this city should be developed.”。句子为含情态动词的被动语态；表示“这个城市的旅游业”用名词短语The tourism of this city作主语；含情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”；表示“应该”用情态动词should；表示“发展”用动词develop，过去分词为developed。 8．多亏了电视，我们的生活已经大大改善了。(be greatly improved) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Thanks to the TV, our lives have been greatly improved. 【详解】“多亏了电视，我们的生活已经大大改善了”译为“Thanks to the TV, our lives have been greatly improved.”；“多亏了”为固定短语Thanks to，句首首字母要大写；“电视”译为the TV，作介词to的宾语；“我们的生活”用our lives，作主语；“已经大大改善了”译为have been greatly improved，现在完成时的被动语态结构。 9．现在，移动电话在全世界被广泛使用。（be widely used)） _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Today, mobile phones are widely used around the world. 【详解】“现在，移动电话在全世界被广泛使用。”译为“Today, mobile phones are widely used around the world.”。本句陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，语态为被动语态。“现在”用Today，作时间状语，句首首字母要大写；“移动电话”用复数名词mobile phones作主语；“被广泛使用”用一般现在时的被动语态结构are widely used；“在全世界”用短语around the world，作状语。 语篇拔高练 一、选词填空 Passage A 阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词，每词仅用一次。 convenient  provide  complete  wisdom  whether  connection  benefit  active  be  ease Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now common in different fields. It brings 1 to teachers and students, and it is also changing the ways of education. In the past, teachers couldn’t collect information while they 2 teaching in class. But AI classrooms have solved this problem. AI records teachers’ activities and also collects information about students’ learning behaviors to make sure that they play 3 roles in class. It helps teachers know 4 students truly take part in class. Besides, AI does boring work like grading papers. This stops teachers from doing the simple and repetitive work. Some boring work can be 5 finished by AI now. Teachers are able to spare more time to improve teaching skills and communicate with students face-to-face. With the help of AI, a closer 6 has been built between what teachers teach and what students really need to learn. After class, depending on students’ performance in past exams, AI 7 different homework for different students. In this way, students can spend less time on what they have known so far and study with 8 What’s more, AI has also led students to make new discoveries in learning. As a result, students have 9 a lot from this high-tech tool. AI shows its 10 , in many ways. It’s necessary for teachers to learn and make good use of AI. With the development of AI, both teachers and students can enjoy learning and achieve better results together. 【答案】 1．convenience 2．were 3．active 4．whether 5．completely 6．connection 7．provides 1．ease 2．benefited 3．wisdom 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能（AI）在教育领域的应用，以及它给教师和学生带来的便利和好处。 【详解】 1．句意：它给老师和学生带来了便利，同时也正在改变教育方式。bring sth. to sb.表示“给某人带来某物”，此处需填名词作宾语；convenient是形容词，其名词形式为convenience，符合AI给人们带来便利的语境。 2．句意：在过去，老师们在课堂上教学时无法收集信息。空处缺少be动词，while引导过去进行时，表示“当……时候”，主语they是复数，be动词需用过去式were。 3．句意：人工智能记录老师的活动，也收集学生学习行为的信息，以确保他们能在课堂上发挥积极主动的作用。修饰名词roles应用形容词，active意为“积极的”，符合语境，构成固定搭配play active roles“发挥积极作用”。 4．句意：它帮助老师知道学生是否真正参与了课堂。know后面接宾语从句，从句是一个疑问含义：“学生是否真的参与课堂”，whether意为“是否”，引导从句表示不确定性。 5．句意：现在一些无聊的工作可以由人工智能完全完成。修饰过去分词finished需用副词，complete的副词形式为completely，符合人工智能完全完成工作的语境。 6．句意：在人工智能的帮助下，教师所教的内容与学生真正需要学习的内容之间建立了更紧密的联系。closer是形容词比较级，后接名词，connection意为“联系”，符合老师与学生之间建立联系的语境。 7．句意：课后，根据学生过去考试的表现，人工智能为不同的学生提供不同的作业。此处为固定搭配provide sth for sb.“为某人提供某物”，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语AI是第三人称单数，应用谓语动词provide的三单形式provides。 8．句意：这样，学生可以减少花在已知内容上的时间，更轻松地学习。固定搭配with ease意为“轻松地”，with是介词，后面接名词ease。 9．句意：结果，学生们从这种高科技工具中受益良多。固定搭配benefit from“从……中获益”，have done构成现在完成时，应用benefit的过去分词形式benefited。 10．句意：人工智能在许多方面展示了它的智慧。its是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，wisdom意为“智慧”，符合人工智能智慧的语境。 Passage B 根据短文内容，用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空，每个词最多可以使用一次。 with themselves use easy difficulty when afford invention separate widely Li Wei is a junior high school student. He spends his free time on small inventions instead of playing online games. Up to now, he has created some practical tools. Such a teenager with a great sense of responsibility was 1 admired by his neighbours. At school, Li Wei does well in all subjects. That makes a good base for his 2 . His journey of invention started with a science class 3 he was 12 years old. At that time, his science teacher played videos about young student inventors. These inventors help others 4 their practical creations. Their stories touched Li Wei, and he gradually made up his mind to try making simple machines which can work by 5 . Recently, Li Wei has made a smart rubbish bin (垃圾桶). This bin can not only open its cover when people walk near it, but also 6 dry and wet waste into different areas, making it convenient to use. When talking about the inspiration, Li Wei said that it came to his mind suddenly one day because his grandma had 7 moving and reaching the bin. He hopes this invention can solve daily problems for the elderly and make their lives a lot 8 . “I feel really happy when my invention is 9 by my family and neighbours. I will keep inventing and try to create more practical creations because there are still many people who cannot 10 expensive tools. Small inventions have a big influence on everyone’s life, ” Li Wei said. 【答案】 1．widely 2．inventions 3．when 44．with 5．themselves 6．separate 7．difficulty 8．easier 9．used 10．afford 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述初中生李伟热爱小发明，他制作了智能垃圾桶，希望用发明解决生活难题，帮助老年人的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：这样一个有强烈责任感的青少年受到邻居们的广泛称赞。根据后文动词admired可知，此处需要副词修饰动词。根据备选词和语境可知，此处表示“受到邻居们的广泛称赞”，用widely“广泛地”，因此填widely。 2．句意：那为他的发明打下了良好的基础。根据前文his可知，此处需要名词，文章介绍他的多项发明，要用名词复数。根据备选词可知，此处用inventions“发明”，因此填inventions。 3．句意：他的发明之旅始于他12岁时的一节科学课。根据前后句子可知，此处引导时间状语从句。根据备选词可知，此处用when“当……时候”，因此填when。 4．句意：这些发明者用他们实用的创作来帮助他人。根据固定搭配help sb. with sth.（帮助某人做某事）可知，此处需要介词。根据备选词可知，此处用with“用”，因此填with。 5．句意：他们的故事打动了李伟，他逐渐下定决心尝试制作可以自行运转的简易机器。根据固定搭配by oneself（独自），此处指代machines，需填对应反身代词。根据备选词可知，此处用themselves“它们自己”，因此填themselves。 6．句意：这个垃圾桶不仅有人走近就会开盖，还能把干湿垃圾分到不同区域，使用起来很方便。根据情态动词can后面接动词原形的规则，可知此处需填动词原形。结合下文“admired by his neighbours”，此处表示“把干湿垃圾分到不同区域”，此处用separate“分离，分类”，因此填separate。 7．句意：谈到灵感，李伟说灵感有一天突然涌上心头，因为他奶奶挪动身体、走到垃圾桶那里有困难。根据固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth.（做某事有困难）可知，此处需要名词。结合下文“moving and reaching the bin”，此处表示“挪动身体、走到垃圾桶那里有困难”，因此填difficulty。 8．句意：他希望这项发明能够解决老年人的日常难题，让他们的生活变得轻松很多。根据a lot可以修饰形容词比较级，可知此处需填形容词比较级。结合上文“solve daily problems for the elderly”，此处表示“生活变得轻松很多”，此处用easier“更轻松的”，因此填easier。 9．句意：当我的发明被家人和邻居使用时，我感到非常开心。根据句子是被动语态，结构为“be+动词过去分词”的规则，可知此处需填动词过去分词。结合下文“by my family and neighbours”，此处表示“被家人和邻居使用”，此处用used“使用”，因此填used。 10．句意：我会继续发明，努力创造更多实用作品，因为还有很多人负担不起昂贵的工具。根据cannot后面接动词原形的规则，可知此处需填动词原形。结合下文“expensive tools”，此处表示“很多人负担不起昂贵的工具”，此处用afford“负担得起”，因此填afford。 Passage C 用下面单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 wide  it  shape  when  reality  through  create  hard  along  disappear  while  collect Wang Min is a project manager at a technology company in Shantou, Guangdong. Wang and his team developed an AI-powered toy in the 1 of a local lion-head food. It is specially designed to recognize the Chaoshan dialect (方言), a local language 2 used in eastern Guangdong, including Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang. What’s more, the team hopes this toy can help children learn the dialect. This creative project grew out of the 3 that many local families face. Many elderly people often speak only the dialect, 4 children are raised using Putonghua. This makes family communication much 5 . The Chaoshan dialect has no standard written system and is passed down only 6   spoken words. As fewer people use it today, it is facing the risk of 7 . To save the dialect, Wang’s team spent more than one year on this project. They 8 over two million voice samples (样本) across different age groups. The toy can now recognize the Chaoshan dialect with about 90 percent accuracy (准确性). 9 also stores more than 40 children’s songs in the dialect. Wang hopes AI can encourage more young people to 10 works in the Chaoshan dialect. Such works will help the language live on and make local traditional culture shine in modern times. 【答案】 1．shape 2．widely 3．reality 4．while 5．harder 6．through 7．disappearing 8．collected 9．It 10．create 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述广东汕头团队研发AI玩具，以此保护潮汕方言，助力传承地方传统文化。 【详解】 1．句意：王敏和他的团队研发了一款人工智能玩具，外形是当地狮头食品的样子。此处需要名词，放在固定短语“in the ... of”中。短语“in the shape of”表示“呈……的形状”，shape表示“形状”，符合描述玩具外形的语境，故填shape。 2．句意：它经过专门设计，可以识别潮汕方言，这是在粤东地区广泛使用的本土语言，包括汕头、潮州和揭阳。此处需要副词，用来修饰动词used。wide表示“广泛的”，变为副词widely表示“广泛地”，用来修饰used，说明方言的使用范围，故填widely。 3．句意：这个创意项目源于许多当地家庭面临的现实情况。此处需要名词，放在定冠词the后面。根据后文描述家庭沟通难题，reality表示“现实，实际情况”，符合语境，故填reality。 4．句意：许多老年人通常只说方言，然而孩子们是使用普通话长大的。此处需要连词，用来连接两个存在对比关系的分句。while表示“然而”，用于对比两代人语言使用的差异，故填while。 5．句意：这使得家庭之间的沟通困难得多。此处需要形容词比较级，放在much后面作宾语补足语。much可以修饰形容词比较级，hard表示“困难的”，harder表示“更困难的”，体现两代语言差异带来的变化，故填harder。 6．句意：潮汕方言没有标准的书写体系，只能通过口头语言传承。此处需要介词，后接名词短语spoken words。through表示“通过（某种方式）”，用来说明方言传承的途径，故填through。 7．句意：如今使用它的人越来越少，它面临着消失的风险。此处需要动名词，放在介词of之后。介词后面接动名词形式，disappear表示“消失”，变为disappearing，the risk of disappearing表示“消失的风险”，故填disappearing。 8．句意：他们收集了超过两百万份不同年龄段的语音样本。此处需要动词过去式，在句中作谓语。文章整体为过去叙事，collect表示“收集”，过去式为collected，对应团队过去采集样本的行为，故填collected。 9．句意：它还存储了40多首方言儿歌。此处需要代词，在句中作主语。代词it指代前文提到的the toy，句首首字母大写，故填It。 10．句意：王敏希望人工智能能够鼓励更多年轻人创作潮汕方言作品。此处需要动词原形，用于固定结构“encourage sb. to do sth.”。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.表示“鼓励某人做某事”，create表示“创作”，to后面接动词原形，故填create。 五、短文填空 Passage A 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Fans are simple things, but they carry big ideas. It is said that the earliest fans 1 (make) from leaves and feathers. In ancient China, fans 2 (use) not only for cooling, but also for showing politeness and beauty. A round silk fan was often painted with birds, flowers or poems. The pictures on it 3 (draw) by hand, so no two fans looked exactly the same. Later, folding fans became popular because they were easy 4 (carry) in sleeves. During the Song Dynasty, fan painting turned into a kind of art. Some fans 5 (send) as gifts between scholars. Words on a fan could express a person’s dream or remind the owner 6 his friends. Today, electric fans and air conditioners are common, but traditional fans are still loved. They 7 (see) as part of Chinese culture. At festivals, paper fans 8 (put) on walls or used in dances. Small objects can hold large ideas. A fan is just paper and wood, but it 9 (tell）a story about people, nature and beauty. Next time you see one, don’t just think “it keeps me cool”—ask 10 idea it carries. 【答案】 1．were made 2．were used 3．were drawn 4．to carry 5．were sent 6．of 7．are seen 8．are put 9．tells 10．what 【导语】本文介绍扇子的发展历史、用途与文化意义，讲述扇子在中国古代和现代的不同作用，表达小物件承载深厚文化内涵的观点。 【详解】 1．句意：据说最早的扇子由树叶和羽毛制成。主语“the earliest fans”和“make”是被动关系；讲述过去，用一般过去时被动语态，主语是复数，填were made。 2．句意：在中国古代，扇子不仅被用来纳凉，还用来体现礼仪与美感。主语“fans”和“use”为被动关系，固定搭配be used for doing sth.表示“被用于做某事”；时间状语“in ancient China”为过去，用一般过去时被动语态，主语是复数，填were used。 3．句意：扇面上的图画是手工绘制的，所以没有两把扇子看起来完全一样。主语“The pictures”和“draw”是被动关系，描述古代的事，用一般过去时被动语态，主语是复数，填were drawn。 4．句意：后来折扇流行起来，因为它们便于放在衣袖里携带。固定结构“主语（sth.）+be+形容词+to do（不定式主动表被动含义）”，填to carry。 5．句意：一些扇子被文人墨客当作礼物互相赠送。主语“Some fans”和“send”是被动关系；“During the Song Dynasty”表明是过去的事，用一般过去时被动语态，主语是复数，填were sent。 6．句意：扇面上的文字可以表达一个人的理想，或是让扇子的主人想起他的友人。固定搭配“remind sb. of sth.”表示“使某人想起……”，填of。 7．句意：它们被看作中国文化的一部分。主语“They”指代扇子，和see是被动关系；today表示现在，用一般现在时被动语态，主语是复数，填are seen。 8．句意：在节日时，纸扇被挂在墙上，或是用于舞蹈表演。主语“paper fans”和“put”是被动关系，时态为一般现在时，用一般现在时被动语态，主语是复数，填are put。 9．句意：扇子只是纸和木头，但是它讲述着关于人、自然与美的故事。主语“it”是第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，谓语动词用三单形式tells。 10．句意：下次当你见到扇子，不要只想着“它能帮我凉快”——问问它承载着什么样的内涵。此处引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语修饰名词idea，询问“什么样的”理念，填what。 Passage B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.” In fact, many great 1 (discover) and inventions would not have been possible without this quality. Curiosity often leads 2 new understanding. Benjamin Franklin, for example, was deeply curious about electricity. His experiments, widely known today, 3 (rapid) advanced early electrical science. Through his work, the lightning rod 4 (invent), protecting buildings from storms. Curiosity also drives people to create. During the Ming Dynasty, Wan Hu was so curious about flight that he attempted to build a “flying chair” made of kites and rockets. He was supposed 5 (reach) the sky, but the test ended tragically. Still, his courage 6 (it) inspired later generations to explore space more safely. Curiosity, however, is not just about bold attempts. It also carries a 7 (responsible) to question, learn, and build upon what is known. People have always wondered how the world works and 8 to understand it better. This drive is at the heart of scientific progress. As explorer Jacques Cousteau noted, a scientist is like someone “looking through a keyhole, 9 opening into nature.” It is curiosity, 10 (complete) focused and patiently applied, that continues to open doors to new worlds for all of us. 【答案】 1．discoveries 2．to 3．rapidly 4．was invented 5．to reach 6．itself 7． responsibility 1．how 2．an 3．completely 【导语】本文围绕“好奇心”这一主题展开论述，引用爱因斯坦、富兰克林、万户、雅克·库斯托等人的事例和名言，说明好奇心是科学发现与发明的重要动力，它能推动人们探索未知、创造新事物，是科学进步的核心。 【详解】 1．句意：事实上，如果没有这种品质，许多伟大的发现和发明都不可能实现。根据空前many可知，此处需填可数名词复数。括号内所给词为discover，其名词形式discovery的复数形式为discoveries。 2．句意：好奇心常常带来新的理解。lead to是固定搭配，意为“导致、带来”，故填to。 3．句意：他如今广为人知的实验，迅速推进了早期电学的发展。修饰动词advanced，需用副词形式。括号内所给词为rapid，其副词形式为rapidly。 4．句意：通过他的工作，避雷针被发明出来，保护建筑物免受风暴侵袭。主语the lightning rod与invent之间是被动关系，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，invent的过去分词是invented，故填was invented。 5．句意：他本应到达天空，但试验以悲剧告终。be supposed to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“本应该做某事”，reach的不定式是to reach。 6．句意：尽管如此，他的勇气激励了后人更安全地探索太空。此处用于强调“他的勇气本身”，作主语his courage的同位语，表示强调用it的反身代词itself，意为“本身、自身”，指他的勇气本身激励了后人。 7．句意：它还承载着一种质疑、学习并在已知基础上继续建设的责任。空前有不定冠词a修饰，需填名词单数。括号内所给词为responsible，其名词形式为responsibility。 8．句意：人们一直想知道世界是如何运作的，并试图更好地理解它。结合语境，这里表示“世界是如何运作的”，此处用how构成疑问词 + 不定式结构作宾语，与前面的how并列，构成“wondered how... and how...”，表示“想知道世界是如何运作的，以及如何更好地理解它”。故填how。 9．句意：正如探险家雅克·库斯托所说，科学家就像“透过钥匙孔观察、一个通往自然的大门”的人。 在这个语境中，科学家透过钥匙孔看到的是“一个通向大自然的开口”，泛指“一个开口”，需要用不定冠词表示泛指的数量“一个”。opening在此作名词，意为“开口”，以元音音素/əʊ/开头，用不定冠词an。 10．句意：正是好奇心，完全专注并耐心运用，继续为我们所有人打开通往新世界的大门。修饰形容词focused，需用副词形式。括号内所给词为complete，其副词形式为completely。 Passage C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Qinghai-Xizang Railway 1 (complete) in 2006. It connects Xining to Lhasa, a distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the highest railway in the world. Building the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas 2 (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground became too soft to build on, so pipes 3 (use) to keep the ground hard. In some places, 4 was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to be created instead. In other places, bridges 5 (build) to keep the railway above the ground, 6 allow animals to pass under the tracks. Today, the railway 7 (regard) as one of China’s greatest engineering projects. It has increased tourism and economic development in the area. Every year, thousands of tourists 8 (attract) by the beautiful scenery along the line. “When I first saw the railway on the map,” one traveller said, “I wondered 9 it was possible to build a railway in such a place. Now I know the answer: great things can 10 (achieve) when people work together and never give up.” 【答案】 1．was completed 2．were needed 3．were used 4．it 5．were built 6．which 7．is regarded 8．are attracted 9．if /whether 10．be achieved 【导语】本文通过讲述青藏铁路的建设历程与重要意义，展现了中国工程建设者克服极端挑战的智慧与协作精神。 【详解】 1．句意：青藏铁路于2006年建成。句中时间状语“in 2006”明确指向过去的时间点，主语“The Qinghai-Xizang Railway”与动词complete是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 2．句意：解决不同的问题需要创造性的思路。主语“Creative ideas”与动词need是被动关系，描述建设时期的过去情况，主语为复数，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 3．句意：夏天，冻土层的顶层变得太软无法施工，所以人们使用管道来保持地面坚硬。主语“pipes”与动词use是被动关系，描述建设时期的过去做法，主语为复数，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 4．句意：在一些地方，在冻土层上方修建铁路是不可能的，所以只能修建隧道。固定句型“it is/was impossible to do sth.”中，it作形式主语，指代后面的不定式结构。 5．句意：在其他地方，人们修建桥梁让铁路高出地面，这使得动物可以从铁轨下方通行。主语“bridges”与动词build是被动关系，描述建设时期的过去工程，主语为复数，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 6．句意：在其他地方，人们修建桥梁让铁路高出地面，这使得动物可以从铁轨下方通行。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词bridges，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。 7．句意：如今，这条铁路被视为中国最伟大的工程项目之一。句中时间状语“Today”表明是当前的状态，主语“the railway”与动词regard是被动关系，主语为单数，故用一般现在时的被动语态。 8．句意：每年，成千上万的游客被沿线的美景吸引。句中时间状语“Every year”表明是经常性动作，主语“thousands of tourists”与动词attract是被动关系，主语为复数，故用一般现在时的被动语态。 9．句意：一位旅客说：“当我第一次在地图上看到这条铁路时，我想知道在这样的地方修建铁路是否可行。”。动词“wondered”后接宾语从句，表达“是否”的含义，可用if或whether引导该从句。 10．句意：现在我知道答案了：当人们齐心协力、永不放弃时，伟大的成就才能够实现。情态动词can后接动词原形，主语“great things”与动词achieve是被动关系，故用被动语态结构be achieved。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Power of Ideas重点语法 考点一：被动语态的核心概念与构成 一、知识精讲 1. 核心定义 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即主语是谓语动词的逻辑宾语。 语态 核心含义 例句 主语身份 主动语态 主语执行动作 Many people speak English. 执行者 被动语态 主语承受动作 English is spoken by many people. 承受者 2. 被动语态的构成 被动语态由 “助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词（done）” 构成。助动词 be 有人称、时态和数的变化，时态由 be 的时态决定，过去分词本身不随时态变化。 记忆口诀：be + done 是被动，be 变时态和人称；过去分词不变动，by 后常跟执行者。 3. 使用被动语态的典型场景 场景 示例 不知道动作的执行者 A book is stolen. 书被偷了。 不必指出动作的执行者 I was born in 1990. 我出生于1990年。 强调动作的承受者 The TV was invented after the car. 电视是在汽车之后发明的。 动作的执行者是无生命的事物 The bridge was washed away by the flood. 桥被洪水冲走了。 科技文章或新闻报道中陈述客观事实 Now the cutting machine is controlled by information. 考点二：一般现在时的被动语态——“经常性、习惯性的被动” 一、知识精讲 1. 谓语构成：am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词 主语 be 动词 例句 I am I am taken care of by my uncle. 我由我叔叔照顾。 He / She / It / 单数名词 is This knife is made of wood and metal. 这把刀是用木头和金属制成的。 We / You / They / 复数名词 are These bananas are produced in Hainan. 这些香蕉产于海南。 教材语境示例： · The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天都被打扫。）——表示经常性动作 · These books are written in English.（这些书是用英语写的。）——表示客观事实 2. 四大句式结构 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 The desk is made by him. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 + 其他 The desk isn't made by him. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Is the desk made by him? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Where is the desk made? 回答方式：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. / No, 主语 + am/is/are + not. 3. 主动变被动的三步法 步骤 操作 示例（主动：Many students play football.） 第一步 主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 Football ... 第二步 主动句的谓语变为 am/is/are + 过去分词（时态不变，be 与主语一致） ... is played ... 第三步 主动句的主语变为 by + 宾语（可省略） ... by many students. 完整转换：Football is played by many students. 助记口诀：宾语提前成主语，时态人称 be 体现；过去分词随 be 后，by 来把原主连； 主动变被动，时态根本不用变。 二、即学即用 一、用括号里所给单词的正确形式填空（一般现在时被动） 1. English (speak) in many countries. 2. These bananas (produce) in Hainan. 3. The classroom (clean) every day. 4. A lot of books (give) to the students by the school every year. 5. This kind of skirt (sell) well here. 6. The flowers need (water) every day. 考点三：一般过去时的被动语态——“过去发生的一次性被动” 一、知识精讲 1. 谓语构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 主语 be 动词 例句 I / He / She / It / 单数名词 was The bridge was built in 1998. 这座桥建于1998年。 We / You / They / 复数名词 were The letters were sent yesterday. 这些信昨天被寄出了。 教材语境示例： · The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.（电话是贝尔在1876年发明的。） · The radio was invented by Guglielmo Marconi in the 1890s.（收音机是古列尔莫·马可尼在19世纪90年代发明的。） 2. 四大句式结构 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 Jim was told to come early. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 + 其他 The rice wasn't eaten by the boy. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ Were you asked to go home on time? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ When was the telephone invented? 3. 主动变被动的三步法（以过去时为例） 主动句：Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 被动句：The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876. · 宾语 the telephone → 主语 · 谓语 invented（一般过去时）→ was invented（be 用过去式，保持时态一致） · 主语 Bell → by Bell 二、即学即用 用括号里所给单词的正确形式填空（一般过去时被动） 1. The telephone (invent) by Bell in 1876. 2. The bridge (build) in 1998. 3. The letters (send) yesterday. 4. He was seen (leave) the room just now. 5. The children were made (work) all day. 6. The accident (happen) yesterday. 考点四：高频易错点与特殊考点 一、双宾语的被动转换 含双宾语的主动句（主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语“人” + 直接宾语“物”）变被动时，可以把其中任意一个宾语提前作主语。 规则： · 把间接宾语（人）提前作主语时，直接宾语保留，不加介词。 · 把直接宾语（物）提前作主语时，间接宾语前通常要加 to 或 for（根据动词搭配决定）。 主动句 被动句（人作主语） 被动句（物作主语） My teacher gave me a lot of books. I was given a lot of books by my teacher. A lot of books were given to me by my teacher. She bought me a pen. I was bought a pen by her. A pen was bought for me by her. 介词选用：give, send, show, teach, tell, lend 等用 to；buy, get, make, cook 等用 for。 二、复合宾语的被动转换 主动句为“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”时，变被动只能把宾语提前作主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语之后，成为主语补足语。 主动：They asked him to sing a song. 被动：He was asked to sing a song. 三、感官动词与使役动词的被动——to 的还原 这是中考高频易错点。主动语态中，感官动词（see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等）和使役动词（make, let, have 等）后接省略 to 的动词不定式作宾补；变为被动语态时，省略的 to 必须还原。 主动句（省略 to） 被动句（还原 to） I saw him leave the room. He was seen to leave the room. They made him work all day. He was made to work all day. We heard her sing in the next room. She was heard to sing in the next room. ⚠️ 注意：let 和 have 极少用于被动语态，中考主要考查 make 和感官动词的 to 还原。 四、不及物动词没有被动语态 只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词（happen, appear, disappear, arrive, die, fall, remain 等）以及相当于不及物动词的短语动词（take place, come true, run out, fall asleep 等）不能用于被动语态。 错误（误用被动） 正确（主动） ❌ The accident was happened yesterday. ✅ The accident happened yesterday. ❌ The two thieves have been disappeared. ✅ The two thieves have disappeared. ❌ Great changes have been taken place. ✅ Great changes have taken place. 五、主动形式表示被动意义 1. 系动词 + 形容词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等系动词后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动含义。 · The soup tastes delicious.（汤尝起来很美味。） · The idea sounds great.（这个主意听起来很棒。） 2. 某些不及物动词 + 副词 write, wash, sell, read, clean, cut 等词与 well, easily, smoothly 等副词连用时，用主动形式表示被动意义，说明主语的内在品质或属性。 · This kind of skirt sells well.（这种裙子很畅销。） · The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很顺滑。） 3. need / want / be worth + doing need, want, be worth 等词后接动名词 doing 时，用主动形式表示被动含义。 · My flowers need watering.（我的花需要浇水了。）= My flowers need to be watered. · The book is worth reading.（这本书值得一读。） 六、固定被动结构 部分动词短语在习惯上只用于被动语态，需要整体记忆。 固定被动结构 含义 示例 be made of / from 由……制成 The knife is made of wood. be covered with 被……覆盖 The road is covered with snow. be known as 作为……而闻名 He is known as a great inventor. be supposed to do 应该做某事 You are supposed to arrive on time. 二、即学即用 三、句型转换（主动变被动） 1. Many students play football.（改为被动语态） → Football ______ ______ by many students. 2. Bell invented the telephone in 1876.（改为被动语态） → The telephone ______ ______ by Bell in 1876. 3. My teacher gave me a lot of books.（改为被动语态，用“人”作主语） → I ______ ______ a lot of books by my teacher. 4. My teacher gave me a lot of books.（改为被动语态，用“物”作主语） → A lot of books ______ ______ ______ me by my teacher. 5. I saw him leave the room.（改为被动语态） → He ______ ______ ______ ______ the room. 四、单项选择 1. The bridge ______ in 1998. It is very old now. A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built 2. Today, many learning apps ______ by students all over the world. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 3. The two thieves have ______. Nobody knows where they are. A. been disappeared B. disappeared C. been disappearing D. disappear 4. He was made ______ the room by his mother. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 5. —What a nice garden! —Yes. It ______ every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned 词句基础练 一、单项选择 1．The invention of paper ________ people share knowledge more easily. A．helps B．helped C．is helped D．was helped 2．Scientists say the universe ________ about 13.8 billion years ago. A．begins B．began C．will begin D．has begun 3．The first practical light bulb ________ by Thomas Edison in 1879. A．invented B．was invented C．is invented D．invents 4．—Jack, your bedroom is in such a mess! —Sorry, Mum. I will clean it as soon as my homework ________ this afternoon. A．finishes B．is finished C．will finish D．will be finished 5．—I heard that the latest AI drawing tool ________ to all users for free last month. —Yes. That’s why you can see so many amazing digital artworks online these days. A．was offered B．is offered C．will be offered D．has offered 6．________ these letters ________ by airmail in those days? A．Were; sent B．Are; sent C．Did; send D．Was; sent 7．Dirty water ________ into the river near our town. A．pours B．is not pouring C．not pour D．is not poured 8．________ the classroom ________ every day after school? A．Is; cleaned B．Does; clean C．Are; cleaned D．Is; clean 9．If we want to live on another planet, we must ________ air, water and food first. A．produce B．be produced C．producing D．produced 10．We’re not sure if they ________ the concert in two weeks. If it ________, they must practice hard. A．will hold, holds B．will hold, is held C．hold, will be held D．hold, holds 11．A special pair of sunglasses ______ to protect people’s eyes. A．designs B．designed C．was designed D．is designing 12．My grandpa ________ taking a short walk after breakfast. A．used to B．is used for C．uses to D．is used to 二、完成句子 1．The information is stored in this computer. (改为否定句) The information ________ ________ in this computer. 2．这台3D打印机可以被用来生产许多东西。 The 3D printer can ________ ________ ________ produce many things. 3．有关历史的书和有关动物的书混在一起了。 Books on history were ________ ________ with books on animals. 4．A local farmer found the old coin. The old coin ________ ________ ________ a local farmer. 5．The cup was made of bamboo. (对bamboo提问) ________ ________ the cup made ________? 6．在古代中国，许多不同的材料被用于写字。   In ________ China, many different materials ________ ________ to write on. 7．作为一名老师，她深受学生们的敬仰。 As a teacher, she is greatly ________ ________ ________ by her students. 8．这项技术不仅改变了我们的生活，还被广泛传播到世界各地。 The technology not only changed our lives, but was also ________ ________ all over the world. 9．成百上千种菜肴可以被Smart Cook本身制作。 Hundreds of kinds of dishes ________ ________ ________ by Smart Cook itself. 10．迷你相机被连接到Super See上以帮助阅读。 A mini-camera ________ ________ ________ Super See to help with reading. 三、翻译 1．数以百计的机器用于生产手机。(be used for) _______________________________________________________________________________ 2．这把椅子是用旧木头做的。 _____________________________________________ 3．这些相机每周都会被检查。 _______________________________________________ 4．有些创造是意外的发明。(be invented by accident) _________________________________________________________________________ 5．两个主要的挑战被莱特兄弟成功解决了。 _____________________________________________________________ 6．这条连接两座城市的高铁项目需要改进吗？ ____________________________________________ 7．这个城市的旅游业应该被发展。 _______________________________________________ 8．多亏了电视，我们的生活已经大大改善了。(be greatly improved) _________________________________________________________________________ 9．现在，移动电话在全世界被广泛使用。（be widely used)） _________________________________________________________________________ 语篇拔高练 一、选词填空 Passage A 阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词，每词仅用一次。 convenient  provide  complete  wisdom  whether  connection  benefit  active  be  ease Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now common in different fields. It brings 1 to teachers and students, and it is also changing the ways of education. In the past, teachers couldn’t collect information while they 2 teaching in class. But AI classrooms have solved this problem. AI records teachers’ activities and also collects information about students’ learning behaviors to make sure that they play 3 roles in class. It helps teachers know 4 students truly take part in class. Besides, AI does boring work like grading papers. This stops teachers from doing the simple and repetitive work. Some boring work can be 5 finished by AI now. Teachers are able to spare more time to improve teaching skills and communicate with students face-to-face. With the help of AI, a closer 6 has been built between what teachers teach and what students really need to learn. After class, depending on students’ performance in past exams, AI 7 different homework for different students. In this way, students can spend less time on what they have known so far and study with 8 What’s more, AI has also led students to make new discoveries in learning. As a result, students have 9 a lot from this high-tech tool. AI shows its 10 , in many ways. It’s necessary for teachers to learn and make good use of AI. With the development of AI, both teachers and students can enjoy learning and achieve better results together. Passage B 根据短文内容，用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空，每个词最多可以使用一次。 with themselves use easy difficulty when afford invention separate widely Li Wei is a junior high school student. He spends his free time on small inventions instead of playing online games. Up to now, he has created some practical tools. Such a teenager with a great sense of responsibility was 1 admired by his neighbours. At school, Li Wei does well in all subjects. That makes a good base for his 2 . His journey of invention started with a science class 3 he was 12 years old. At that time, his science teacher played videos about young student inventors. These inventors help others 4 their practical creations. Their stories touched Li Wei, and he gradually made up his mind to try making simple machines which can work by 5 . Recently, Li Wei has made a smart rubbish bin (垃圾桶). This bin can not only open its cover when people walk near it, but also 6 dry and wet waste into different areas, making it convenient to use. When talking about the inspiration, Li Wei said that it came to his mind suddenly one day because his grandma had 7 moving and reaching the bin. He hopes this invention can solve daily problems for the elderly and make their lives a lot 8 . “I feel really happy when my invention is 9 by my family and neighbours. I will keep inventing and try to create more practical creations because there are still many people who cannot 10 expensive tools. Small inventions have a big influence on everyone’s life, ” Li Wei said. Passage C 用下面单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 wide  it  shape  when  reality  through  create  hard  along  disappear  while  collect Wang Min is a project manager at a technology company in Shantou, Guangdong. Wang and his team developed an AI-powered toy in the 1 of a local lion-head food. It is specially designed to recognize the Chaoshan dialect (方言), a local language 2 used in eastern Guangdong, including Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang. What’s more, the team hopes this toy can help children learn the dialect. This creative project grew out of the 3 that many local families face. Many elderly people often speak only the dialect, 4 children are raised using Putonghua. This makes family communication much 5 . The Chaoshan dialect has no standard written system and is passed down only 6   spoken words. As fewer people use it today, it is facing the risk of 7 . To save the dialect, Wang’s team spent more than one year on this project. They 8 over two million voice samples (样本) across different age groups. The toy can now recognize the Chaoshan dialect with about 90 percent accuracy (准确性). 9 also stores more than 40 children’s songs in the dialect. Wang hopes AI can encourage more young people to 10 works in the Chaoshan dialect. Such works will help the language live on and make local traditional culture shine in modern times. 五、短文填空 Passage A 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Fans are simple things, but they carry big ideas. It is said that the earliest fans 1 (make) from leaves and feathers. In ancient China, fans 2 (use) not only for cooling, but also for showing politeness and beauty. A round silk fan was often painted with birds, flowers or poems. The pictures on it 3 (draw) by hand, so no two fans looked exactly the same. Later, folding fans became popular because they were easy 4 (carry) in sleeves. During the Song Dynasty, fan painting turned into a kind of art. Some fans 5 (send) as gifts between scholars. Words on a fan could express a person’s dream or remind the owner 6 his friends. Today, electric fans and air conditioners are common, but traditional fans are still loved. They 7 (see) as part of Chinese culture. At festivals, paper fans 8 (put) on walls or used in dances. Small objects can hold large ideas. A fan is just paper and wood, but it 9 (tell）a story about people, nature and beauty. Next time you see one, don’t just think “it keeps me cool”—ask 10 idea it carries. Passage B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.” In fact, many great 1 (discover) and inventions would not have been possible without this quality. Curiosity often leads 2 new understanding. Benjamin Franklin, for example, was deeply curious about electricity. His experiments, widely known today, 3 (rapid) advanced early electrical science. Through his work, the lightning rod 4 (invent), protecting buildings from storms. Curiosity also drives people to create. During the Ming Dynasty, Wan Hu was so curious about flight that he attempted to build a “flying chair” made of kites and rockets. He was supposed 5 (reach) the sky, but the test ended tragically. Still, his courage 6 (it) inspired later generations to explore space more safely. Curiosity, however, is not just about bold attempts. It also carries a 7 (responsible) to question, learn, and build upon what is known. People have always wondered how the world works and 8 to understand it better. This drive is at the heart of scientific progress. As explorer Jacques Cousteau noted, a scientist is like someone “looking through a keyhole, 9 opening into nature.” It is curiosity, 10 (complete) focused and patiently applied, that continues to open doors to new worlds for all of us. Passage C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Qinghai-Xizang Railway 1 (complete) in 2006. It connects Xining to Lhasa, a distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the highest railway in the world. Building the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas 2 (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground became too soft to build on, so pipes 3 (use) to keep the ground hard. In some places, 4 was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to be created instead. In other places, bridges 5 (build) to keep the railway above the ground, 6 allow animals to pass under the tracks. Today, the railway 7 (regard) as one of China’s greatest engineering projects. It has increased tourism and economic development in the area. Every year, thousands of tourists 8 (attract) by the beautiful scenery along the line. “When I first saw the railway on the map,” one traveller said, “I wondered 9 it was possible to build a railway in such a place. Now I know the answer: great things can 10 (achieve) when people work together and never give up.” 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $