Unit3 Sports and Fitness复习学案 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语导学案围绕“Sports and Fitness”主题，涵盖词汇转换、短语搭配、动词搭配、定语从句、宾语从句、反义疑问句及主题写作。课堂导入从基础词汇短语入手，结合教材金句建立知识联系，通过阅读案例分析搭建语法学习支架，衔接前后知识点。 特色在于系统梳理语言知识，动词搭配结合语境练习提升语言能力，阅读篇通过问题链和表格培养分析评价的思维品质，语法解析与写作范文助力掌握学习方法，有效提升学生综合语言运用能力和自主学习能力。

B1 U3 Sports and Fitness 词汇篇 词转 fitness健康n.---_______健康的adj.; glory 荣誉，光荣n.---___________光荣的adj.; honor 荣誉，光荣n.---___________光荣的，可敬的，值得尊敬的--- __________感到光荣的 ; athlete 运动员n.---__________运动的 adj.; failure 失败，失败的人/事---_______失败v.; injure 使受伤 v.---__________受伤的adj.---_________伤害n.； compete竞争v.---___________竞赛n.---___________竞争性的adj.---____________竞赛者n.; strength 力量，体力n.---______________加强v.---_____________强壮的 adj.; 短语搭配 P35 at home and abroad__________ a sports event____________ around the world____________ P36 instead of /rather than_____________ come along____________ P37 be filled with_________ collect money__________ work out_____________ make it______________ at least___________ lose weight___________ get used to sth_________ up to___________ recommend doing sth_________ P38 set good example for sth__________ relate...to...把.._____________ fall apart_____________ lose heart__________ face difficulties__________ be known as___________ lose a game__________ accept failure_________ give up_______________ P41 compete for_________ make sense______________ I see what you mean_______________ pretend to do__________ get/have a chance to do sth________ millions of_____________ P42 exchange ideas about health and fitness________________ go bananas_______________ instead of...____________ make a difference____________ rather than_______________ now and then___________ compare...with..._____________ look for__________________ make a list of..._________ be positive about...______________ P44 play a..role in...__________ compete in_____________ deal with _______________ even though____________ master the skills________ there is no use doing sth___________ in the end______________ see through____________ 教材金句 All sports for all people. P35 _____________________________ Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures. P38 _________________________________ By being positive about myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier. P42 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Sports play a very valuable role in children’s lives. P44 _______________________________________________ 动词搭配： 1. track 1 keep track of...与...保持联系 2 lose track of....与...失去联系 1) 我通过微信和老同学保持联系。____________________________________________________________ 2) 搬到另一个城市后，她和儿时好友失去了联系。______________________________________________ 2. come along跟随，到达 come up with...提出，想出 come across遇见 come out出现，出版 1) 你明天能跟随一起去开会吗？_______________________________________________________________ 2) 他想出了一个有创意的问题解决方案。_______________________________________________________ 3) 打扫衣柜时，我偶然遇见了一张老照片。_____________________________________________________ 4) 她的新书下个月会出版。___________________________________________________________________ 3. honor 1 feel honored to do sth感到荣幸 2 It is an honor to do sth做某事是很荣幸 1) 能被邀请参加你的生日派对，我感到很荣幸。__________________________________________________ 2) 能代表学校参加比赛，我很荣幸。____________________________________________________________ 4. compete 1 compete in...在...中竞争 2 compete with/against...和某人竞争 3 compete for...为了...竞争 1) 来自世界各地的运动员将在奥运会中竞争。____________________________________________________ 2) 她得和几十个候选人竞争这份工作。__________________________________________________________ 3) 这两支队伍正在为冠军而竞争。______________________________________________________________ 5. pretend ① pretend to do sth假装做某事 1) 妈妈进来时，小男孩假装睡着了。 6. make a difference有作用，有影响 make progress取得进步 make a decision做决定 make money赚钱 make a mistake/an error犯错 make up组成，编造，化妆，弥补 make up one’s mind to do sth下定决心干某事 1) Every small act of kindness can make a difference. ________________________________________________ 2) He has made great progress in English this semester. _______________________________________________ 3) She needs more time to make a decision about the job offer. _________________________________________ 4) Many young people come to big cities to make money. _____________________________________________ 5) Don’t be afraid to make a mistake when speaking a new language. ____________________________________ 6) The committee is made up of five experts.________________________________________________________ 7) She made up her mind to learn painting next year. _________________________________________________ 7. cut...out...停止做... cut up切碎 cut down砍倒 cut in插嘴，插话 1) You should cut out late-night snacking to keep healthy. ___________________________________________ 2) Could you cut up the vegetables for the salad? __________________________________________________ 3) They plan to cut down some old trees to build a park. ____________________________________________ 4) It’s impolite to cut in when others are talking. __________________________________________________ 8. compare...with/to...与...做比较 1) Teachers often compare students’ grades with their previous performance. ____________________________ 2) People often compare life to a journey. ________________________________________________________ 阅读篇 Reading skills: 1. How was Lang Ping’s determination tested in the 2015 World Cup? 1 _______________________________ 2 _______________________________ 3 _______________________________ 2. What good examples does Lang Ping set for others? Determination Team Spirit Challenge Solution Achievement ①_______________ ①______________ ①_____________ ②_______________ ②______________ ②_____________ ③_______________ ③______________ 3. Why is Michael Jordan called “Air Jordan”? _______________________________________ 4. What good examples does Michael Jordan set for others? Mental Strength Impressive skills Challenge Solution Achievement ①______________ ①__________________________ ①___________________ ②______________ ②__________________________ ②___________________ ③__________________________ ③___________________ 5. What can we learn from them? Please list some words or phrases to describe them. ___________________________________________________________________ Language points: 1. The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart. (P38) 2. Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique. (P38) ) 3. The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. (P38) 1) 翻译： 郎平所打造的团队正在崩溃。（第38页） 约翰逊的技巧令人印象深刻，但他所展现出的精神力量更显独特。（P38） 他于1996年在芝加哥创立的男孩与女孩俱乐部一直致力于帮助青少年。（P38） 2) 语法结构: 定语从句是英语中用于修饰名词或代词（即 “先行词”）的核心语法结构，其关键在于通过关系代词（_____________________________）或关系副词（__________________）连接主句与从句，并明确关系词在从句中的语法功能（如主语、宾语、状语等）。 (1) 关系代词引导的定语从句（修饰人 / 物，作主语 / 宾语 / 定语） ① 修饰人：who（主语）/whom（宾语）/whose（定语） The doctor who treated my grandmother last year won an award. 去年给我奶奶治病的那位医生获奖了。 解析：先行词 “_____________” 指人，关系代词 “_______” 在从句中作主语，不可省略。 Do you know the student whose essay was published in the magazine? 你认识那个论文被发表在杂志上的学生吗？ 解析：“whose” 修饰先行词 “__________”，在从句中作 “_____” 的定语，表所属关系。 ② 修饰物：which（主语 / 宾语）/that（主语 / 宾语） The museum which opened last month has a collection of ancient artifacts. 上个月开馆的那家博物馆藏有一批古代文物。 解析：先行词 “_________” 指物，“which” 在从句中作主语，不可省略。 (2) 关系副词引导的定语从句（作时间 / 地点 / 原因状语） 当先行词是时间、地点或原因，且关系词在从句中作状语时，需用关系副词 when/where/why，可转化为 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构。 I will never forget the day when I first attended college.= I will never forget the day on which I first attended college. 我永远不会忘记第一次上大学的那一天。 解析：先行词 “_________” 表时间，“_______” 在从句中作时间状语。 This is the café where we had our first date.= This is the café in which we had our first date. 这就是我们第一次约会的咖啡馆。 解析：先行词 “_________” 表地点，“________” 在从句中作地点状语。 The reason why she refused the invitation is still unknown.= The reason for which she refused the invitation is still unknown. 她拒绝邀请的原因仍然不明。 解析：“_________” 仅用于修饰先行词 “_______________”，在从句中作原因状语。 (3) 非限制性定语从句（补充说明，逗号隔开） 非限制性定语从句与主句用逗号隔开，仅作补充说明，不可用 “that” 引导，关系词也不可省略，可修饰先行词或整个主句。 My hometown, which is a small coastal city, has changed a lot. 我的家乡是一座海滨小城，它已经发生了很大变化。 解析：逗号后的从句补充说明 “my hometown”, 用“_________”。 He donated all his savings to the charity, which moved everyone around him.他把所有积蓄捐给了慈善机构，这让身边的人都很感动。 解析：“___________” 指代前面整个主句的内容，表 “这件事”。 (4) 特殊结构：介词 + 关系代词 当从句谓语动词与介词有固定搭配，或先行词与介词有特定关联时，介词可提前至关系代词前，此时关系代词只能用 “which”（物）或 “whom”（人）。 The musician to whom we listened last night is world-famous. 我们昨晚听的那位音乐家是世界闻名的。 解析：“listen to” 是固定搭配，介词 “_____” 提前，后接 “_________”（指代人）。 The house in which Shakespeare lived is now a museum. 莎士比亚曾经住过的房子现在是一座博物馆。 解析：“live in” 是固定搭配，介词 “_____” 提前，后接 “_________”（指代物）。 3) 练习： (1) The girl ______ is wearing a red dress won first prize in the singing competition. （可填 who/that） (2) This is the bookstore ______ I bought my favorite novel last weekend. （可填 where/in which） (3) The old man ______ we met at the park yesterday used to be a doctor. （可填 whom/who/that） (4) I still remember the day ______ I first started my middle school life. （可填 when/on which） (5) The smartphone ______ my parents gave me as a birthday gift works very well. （可填 which/that） (6) Do you know the student ______ homework was praised by the math teacher? （可填 whose） (7) The park ______ has a big lake in the center is a popular place for people to relax. （可填 which/that） (8) The reason ______ he was late for class this morning is that his bike broke down. （可填 why/for which） (9) My aunt, ______ lives in Beijing, will come to visit us next month. （可填 who，非限制性定语从句，不可用 that） (10) The team won the championship, ________made all their fans very excited. （可填 which） 4. She had faced difficulties before, and she knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team. (P38) 5. Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failure. (P38) 1) 翻译： 她曾面临过困难，深知只要年轻球员们团结协作，就能取胜。（第38页） 约翰逊表示，他成功的秘诀在于从失败中吸取教训。（第38页） 2) 语法结构： (1) 宾语从句的核心是 “动词 + that 从句”，最常用的引导动词可分为 “表达观点 / 陈述”“表达感知 / 认知”“表达要求 / 建议” 三类： 1 表达 “观点 / 陈述”：say, tell, explain, announce 等 2 表达 “感知 / 认知”：know, think, believe, find 等 3 表达 “要求 / 建议”：ask, suggest, demand, order 等 He told me (that) he ___________his grandparents this weekend. 他告诉我，他这周末要去看望祖父母。 We found (that) the park _____________ when we got there. 我们到那儿时发现，公园已经关门了。 The manager suggested (that) we________ to discuss the problem. 经理建议我们开个会讨论这个问题。 (2) 除了 that，宾语从句也可由 what/when/how 等疑问词引导，此时从句需用 陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），而非疑问语序。 She doesn’t know when her brother ______________. 她不知道她弟弟什么时候回来。 They are discussing what they _________________the party. 他们正在讨论应该为派对准备些什么。 (3) 当句子表达 “不确定、疑问”（是否……）时，用 if 或 whether 引导宾语从句，二者多数情况可互换，但 whether 更正式，且可与 or not 连用。 He hasn’t decided _________________________. 他还没决定是否接受这份工作。 The teacher asked__________________________. 老师问我们是否完成了作业。 (4) 宾语从句的时态一致: 主过从过、主现从任意 He told me (that) _____________twice before. 他告诉我他之前去过北京两次。 I know (that) ____________ now. 我知道他现在住在上海。 3) 练习： (1) My friend told me ______ she would bring homemade cookies to the party. （可填 that） (2) Could you please tell me ______ the nearest post office is? （可填 where） (3) I wonder ______ we should take the bus or the subway to the museum. （可填 if/whether） (4) The scientist explained ______ his new invention works. （可填 how） (5) He asked me ______ I had seen his English notebook somewhere. （可填 if/whether） (6) Our teacher often says ______ practice makes perfect. （可填 that） (7) Do you know ______ the school concert will start this Friday evening? （可填 when） (8) She couldn’t remember ______ she had put her house keys. （可填 where） (9) The reporter asked the actor ______ his favorite role was in his career. （可填 what） (10) I believe ______ we can finish the group project on time with everyone’s help. （可填 that） 语法篇 反义疑问句:是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。 1. 观察结构 It’s not a real sport, is it? That sounds interesting, doesn’t it? Our school soccer team won at last, didn’t they? 2. 规则总结 1) 前肯后否，前否后可肯 2) 问句结构：助动词do/dose/did/will/have 系动词be + 主语 情态动词can/may/must/should/had better 3. 陈述部分，判断肯定还是否定 1) 句子含有否定副词或否定代词方能算否定句，带有否定前缀的词不能算做否定句 否定副词：no, not, never, hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely 否定代词：nothing, no one, nobody, neither, none... 否定前缀：un-，non-，in-，dis-，ab-, anti-，counter-... 2) 判断下列句子是肯定还是否定 Nothing can stop them. ______ Don’t spoil your child. _______ He hasn’t been there before. _______ The weather is abnormal recently. ________ 4. 关于主语 1) 陈述部分主语如果是人称代词主格，保持不变 You are from Beijing, _________? He can speak French, __________? We will go to the park tomorrow, ____________? 2) 陈述部分主语如果是名词，根据单复数变为he, she, it, they Mary likes reading novels, ____________?（单数女性名词→she） The dog is sleeping on the sofa, _________?（单数事物名词→it） These books are yours, __________?（复数名词→they） 3) 陈述部分主语是不定代词，如果指代物，反义疑问句则用it, 如果指代人，反义疑问句则用he / they Something is wrong with the computer, ___________?（不定代词 something 指代物→it） Nothing can stop him, _________?（不定代词 nothing 指代物→it） Someone left the door open, __________?（不定代词 someone 指代人，可单可复→he/they） 4) There be 中，反义疑问句主语为there There is a cup on the table, ___________? There were many people in the hall yesterday, _____________? There will be a meeting tomorrow, _____________? 5) 不定式，动名词做主语时，反义疑问句主语为it To learn English well takes time, ____________?（不定式 To learn English well 做主语→it） Swimming in this river is dangerous,___________?（动名词 Swimming 做主语→it） To finish the work in three days is difficult,__________?（不定式做主语→it） 5. 关于动词 助动词 do/does/did/ have/has/had be动词 am/is/are/was/were 情态动词 can/may/must/should/had better 6. 祈使句 祈使句的反义疑问句不区分肯定句还是否定句, 为will you; Let’s...为shall we; Let us...为will you; Pass me the salt, ________? Wait a minute, __________? Don’t be late, ___________? Don’t forget to call me, __________? Let’s go for a walk, ____________? Let’s finish the work first, ___________? Let us leave early today, ____________? 7. 练一练 You like coffee, ___________? He can play the guitar, ___________? We will visit the museum, __________? They haven't finished homework, _________? Lucy is a doctor, _________?（女性单数→she） The cat is sleeping,________?（事物单数→it） These flowers are beautiful, __________?（复数→they） Mr. Wang teaches history, ____________?（男性单数→he） Something is wrong, ________?（指代物→it） Everyone is here, __________?（指代人，口语常用 they→they） No one knows the answer,________?（指代人→they） Nothing happened, _________?（指代物→it） There is a park nearby, __________? There were many students, ____________? There will be a party, __________? There hasn't been rain, __________? To study hard is important,_________?（不定式做主语→it） Playing basketball is fun, _________?（动名词做主语→it） To solve this problem takes time, __________?（不定式做主语→it） He seldom came here, _________? There is hardly any milk in the bottle, ____________? He can swim, __________? She must finish it, __________? They should study, ____________? You’d better read it by yourself, ___________? You’d better not stay here, ____________? Give me a hand, ___________? Don’t spoil your child, __________? Let me help you, __________? Let’s try again, __________? 写作篇 1. 主题语境写作：运动和健康 众所周知，运动有益健康。我愿意分享我的观点。 首先，运动对我们的身体健康有好处。作为高中生，我们通常有大量的作业，花很多时间坐在课桌前。经常慢跑、踢足球或游泳等运动可以使我们的肌肉更强壮，改善我们的心脏功能。这样，我们就不太可能感冒或容易感到疲倦。 此外，运动还有助于我们的心理健康和学习。当我们感到压力时，参加一项最喜欢的运动可以帮助缓解压力，这实际上可以在我们回去做作业或复习功课时提高我们的注意力。​ 我衷心祝愿大家积极参加体育运动。让我们采取行动！ Sports and Health As we all know, sports are good for health. I am willing to share my opinions. First of all, sports are great for our physical health. As high school students, we usually have a lot of homework and spend much time sitting at desks. Doing sports like jogging, playing soccer or swimming regularly can make our muscles stronger and improve our heart function. This way, we’ll be less likely to catch colds or feel tired easily.​ Besides, sports also help with our mental health and study. When we’re stressed out, playing a favorite sport can help relieve that stress, and this can actually improve our concentration when we go back to doing homework or reviewing lessons.​ I sincerely wish everyone would take an active part in sports. Let’s take action! 2. 背诵默写 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ B1 U3 Sports and Fitness 词汇篇 词转 fitness健康n.---fit 健康的adj.; glory 荣誉，光荣n.---glorious 光荣的adj.; honor 荣誉，光荣n.---honorable光荣的，可敬的，值得尊敬的--- honored感到光荣的 ; athlete 运动员n.---athletic 运动的 adj.; failure 失败，失败的人/事---fail失败v.; injure 使受伤 v.---injured 受伤的adj.---injury 伤害n.； compete竞争v.---competition 竞赛n.---competitive竞争性的adj.---competitor竞赛者n.; strength 力量，体力n.---strengthen 加强v.---strong 强壮的 adj.; 短语搭配 P35 at home and abroad国内外 a sports event体育赛事 around the world全世界 P36 instead of /rather than代替，而不是 come along跟随，到达 P37 be filled with充满了 collect money筹钱 work out锻炼，计算出，解决 make it获得成功，准时到达 at least至少 lose weight减肥 get used to sth习惯于... up to取决于,高达,多达 recommend doing sth建议做某事 P38 set good example for sth树立榜样 relate...to...把...和...联系起来 fall apart破裂，崩溃 lose heart丧失信心 face difficulties面临困难 be known as以...闻名 lose a game输掉比赛 accept failure接受失败 give up放弃 P41 compete for为...竞争 make sense有道理，合乎情理 I see what you mean我明白你的意思 pretend to do假装干某事 get/have a chance to do sth有机会干某事 millions of数百万的 P42 exchange ideas about health and fitness交流思想关于健康 go bananas发疯，疯狂 instead of...代替，而不是 make a difference起作用，有影响 rather than而不是 now and then偶尔，有时 compare...with...和...比较 look for寻找 make a list of...列出清单 be positive about...对...积极乐观的 P44 play a..role in...在...中起作用 compete in在...中竞赛 deal with 处理，对付 even though即使 master the skills掌握技能 there is no use doing sth做某事没有用 in the end最后，终于 see through看穿，识破 教材金句 All sports for all people. P35 全民运动。 Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures. P38 乔丹说，他的成功秘诀在于吸取失败的教训。 By being positive about myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier. P42通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更加快乐，也更加健康了。 Sports play a very valuable role in children’s lives. P44 体育于东在孩子们的生活中起着非常重要的的作用。 动词搭配： 1. track 1 keep track of...与...保持联系 2 lose track of....与...失去联系 1) I keep track of my old classmates through WeChat. 我通过微信和老同学保持联系。 2) She lost track of her childhood friend after moving to another city. 搬到另一个城市后，她和儿时好友失去了联系。 2. come along跟随，到达 come up with...提出，想出 come across遇见 come out出现，出版 1) Can you come along to the meeting tomorrow? 你明天能跟随一起去开会吗？ 2) He came up with a creative solution to the problem. 他想出了一个有创意的问题解决方案。 3) I came across an old photo while cleaning the closet. 打扫衣柜时，我偶然遇见了一张老照片。 4) Her new book will come out next month. 她的新书下个月会出版。 3. honor 1 feel honored to do sth感到荣幸 2 It is an honor to do sth做某事是很荣幸 1) I feel honored to be invited to your birthday party. 能被邀请参加你的生日派对，我感到很荣幸。 2) It is an honor to represent my school in the competition. 能代表学校参加比赛，我很荣幸。 4. compete 1 compete in...在...中竞争 2 compete with/against...和某人竞争 3 compete for...为了...竞争 1) Athletes from all over the world will compete in the Olympics. 来自世界各地的运动员将在奥运会中竞争。 2) She has to compete with dozens of candidates for the job. 她得和几十个候选人竞争这份工作。 3) The two teams are competing for the championship. 这两支队伍正在为冠军而竞争。 5. pretend ① pretend to do sth假装做某事 1) The little boy pretended to be asleep when his mom came in. 妈妈进来时，小男孩假装睡着了。 6. make a difference有作用，有影响 make progress取得进步 make a decision做决定 make money赚钱 make a mistake/an error犯错 make up组成，编造，化妆，弥补 make up one’s mind to do sth下定决心干某事 1) Every small act of kindness can make a difference. 每一个微小的善举都能产生影响。 2) He has made great progress in English this semester. 这学期他的英语取得了很大进步。 3) She needs more time to make a decision about the job offer. 关于这份工作机会，她需要更多时间做决定。 4) Many young people come to big cities to make money. 很多年轻人来大城市赚钱。 5) Don’t be afraid to make a mistake when speaking a new language. 说一门新语言时，别害怕犯错。 6) The committee is made up of five experts. 这个委员会由五位专家组成。 7) She made up her mind to learn painting next year. 她下定决心明年学画画。 7. cut...out...停止做... cut up切碎 cut down砍倒 cut in插嘴，插话 1) You should cut out late-night snacking to keep healthy. 为了保持健康，你应该停止吃夜宵。 2) Could you cut up the vegetables for the salad? 你能把蔬菜切碎做沙拉吗？ 3) They plan to cut down some old trees to build a park. 他们计划砍倒一些古树来建公园。 4) It’s impolite to cut in when others are talking. 别人说话时插嘴是不礼貌的。 8. compare...with/to...与...做比较 1) Teachers often compare students’ grades with their previous performance. 老师经常把学生的成绩和他们之前的表现做比较。 2) People often compare life to a journey. 人们常把人生比作一场旅行。 阅读篇 Reading skills: 1. How was Lang Ping’s determination tested in the 2015 World Cup? 1 The team was falling apart. 2 The best player injured. 3 The captain had to leave because of heart problems. 2. What good examples does Lang Ping set for others? Determination Team Spirit Challenge Solution Achievement ①the team fell apart ①didn’t lose heart ①world champion ②best player injured ②faced difficulties ②Olympic gold medal ③captain left ③work together as a team 3. Why is Michael Jordan called “Air Jordan”? Michael Jordan’s graceful moves and jumps. 4. What good examples does Michael Jordan set for others? Mental Strength Impressive skills Challenge Solution Achievement ①losing games ①Always find a way to win in the final seconds ①changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps ②fail many times ②keep trying over and over again ②known as “Air Jordan” ③practise harder ③start a club 5. What can we learn from them? Please list some words or phrases to describe them. be confident, determined, never lose heart, never give up, learn from failure Language points: 1. The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart. (P38) 2. Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique. (P38) ) 3. The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996. (P38) 1) 翻译： 郎平所打造的团队正在崩溃。（第38页） 约翰逊的技巧令人印象深刻，但他所展现出的精神力量更显独特。（P38） 他于1996年在芝加哥创立的男孩与女孩俱乐部一直致力于帮助青少年。（P38） 2) 语法结构: 定语从句是英语中用于修饰名词或代词（即 “先行词”）的核心语法结构，其关键在于通过关系代词（who/whom/whose/which/that）或关系副词（when/where/why）连接主句与从句，并明确关系词在从句中的语法功能（如主语、宾语、状语等）。 (1) 关系代词引导的定语从句（修饰人 / 物，作主语 / 宾语 / 定语） ① 修饰人：who（主语）/whom（宾语）/whose（定语） The doctor who treated my grandmother last year won an award. 去年给我奶奶治病的那位医生获奖了。 解析：先行词 “the doctor” 指人，关系代词 “who” 在从句中作主语，不可省略。 Do you know the student whose essay was published in the magazine?你认识那个论文被发表在杂志上的学生吗？ 解析：“whose” 修饰先行词 “the student”，在从句中作 “essay” 的定语，表所属关系。 ② 修饰物：which（主语 / 宾语）/that（主语 / 宾语） The museum which opened last month has a collection of ancient artifacts.上个月开馆的那家博物馆藏有一批古代文物。 解析：先行词 “the museum” 指物，“which” 在从句中作主语，不可省略。 (2) 关系副词引导的定语从句（作时间 / 地点 / 原因状语） 当先行词是时间、地点或原因，且关系词在从句中作状语时，需用关系副词 when/where/why，可转化为 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构。 I will never forget the day when I first attended college.= I will never forget the day on which I first attended college. 我永远不会忘记第一次上大学的那一天。 解析：先行词 “the day” 表时间，“when” 在从句中作时间状语。 This is the café where we had our first date.= This is the café in which we had our first date. 这就是我们第一次约会的咖啡馆。解析：先行词 “the café” 表地点，“where” 在从句中作地点状语。 The reason why she refused the invitation is still unknown.= The reason for which she refused the invitation is still unknown. 她拒绝邀请的原因仍然不明。 解析：“why” 仅用于修饰先行词 “the reason”，在从句中作原因状语。 (3) 非限制性定语从句（补充说明，逗号隔开） 非限制性定语从句与主句用逗号隔开，仅作补充说明，不可用 “that” 引导，关系词也不可省略，可修饰先行词或整个主句。 My hometown, which is a small coastal city, has changed a lot. 我的家乡是一座海滨小城，它已经发生了很大变化。 解析：逗号后的从句补充说明 “my hometown”，不可用 “that” 替代 “which”。 He donated all his savings to the charity, which moved everyone around him.他把所有积蓄捐给了慈善机构，这让身边的人都很感动。 解析：“which” 指代前面整个主句的内容，表 “这件事”。 (4) 特殊结构：介词 + 关系代词 当从句谓语动词与介词有固定搭配，或先行词与介词有特定关联时，介词可提前至关系代词前，此时关系代词只能用 “which”（物）或 “whom”（人）。 The musician to whom we listened last night is world-famous. 我们昨晚听的那位音乐家是世界闻名的。 解析：“listen to” 是固定搭配，介词 “to” 提前，后接 “whom”（指代人）。 The house in which Shakespeare lived is now a museum. 莎士比亚曾经住过的房子现在是一座博物馆。 解析：“live in” 是固定搭配，介词 “in” 提前，后接 “which”（指代物）。 3) 练习： (1) The girl ______ is wearing a red dress won first prize in the singing competition. （可填 who/that） (2) This is the bookstore ______ I bought my favorite novel last weekend. （可填 where/in which） (3) The old man ______ we met at the park yesterday used to be a doctor. （可填 whom/who/that） (4) I still remember the day ______ I first started my middle school life. （可填 when/on which） (5) The smartphone ______ my parents gave me as a birthday gift works very well. （可填 which/that） (6) Do you know the student ______ homework was praised by the math teacher? （可填 whose） (7) The park ______ has a big lake in the center is a popular place for people to relax. （可填 which/that） (8) The reason ______ he was late for class this morning is that his bike broke down. （可填 why/for which） (9) My aunt, ______ lives in Beijing, will come to visit us next month. （可填 who，非限制性定语从句，不可用 that） (10) The team won the championship, ________made all their fans very excited. （可填 which） 4. She had faced difficulties before, and she knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team. (P38) 5. Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failure. (P38) 1) 翻译： 她曾面临过困难，深知只要年轻球员们团结协作，就能取胜。（第38页） 约翰逊表示，他成功的秘诀在于从失败中吸取教训。（第38页） 2) 语法结构： (1) 宾语从句的核心是 “动词 + that 从句”，最常用的引导动词可分为 “表达观点 / 陈述”“表达感知 / 认知”“表达要求 / 建议” 三类： 1 表达 “观点 / 陈述”：say, tell, explain, announce 等 2 表达 “感知 / 认知”：know, think, believe, find 等 3 表达 “要求 / 建议”：ask, suggest, demand, order 等 He told me (that) he would visit his grandparents this weekend. 他告诉我，他这周末要去看望祖父母。 We found (that) the park was closed when we got there. 我们到那儿时发现，公园已经关门了。 The manager suggested (that) we hold a meeting to discuss the problem. 经理建议我们开个会讨论这个问题。 (2) 除了 that，宾语从句也可由 what/when/how 等疑问词引导，此时从句需用 陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），而非疑问语序。 She doesn’t know when her brother will come back. 她不知道她弟弟什么时候回来。 They are discussing what they should prepare for the party. 他们正在讨论应该为派对准备些什么。 (3) 当句子表达 “不确定、疑问”（是否……）时，用 if 或 whether 引导宾语从句，二者多数情况可互换，但 whether 更正式，且可与 or not 连用。 He hasn’t decided whether he will take the job or not. 他还没决定是否接受这份工作。 The teacher asked if we had finished our homework. 老师问我们是否完成了作业。 (4) 宾语从句的时态一致: 主过从过、主现从任意 He told me (that) he had visited Beijing twice before. 他告诉我他之前去过北京两次。 I know (that) he lives in Shanghai now. 我知道他现在住在上海。 3) 练习： (1) My friend told me ______ she would bring homemade cookies to the party. （可填 that） (2) Could you please tell me ______ the nearest post office is? （可填 where） (3) I wonder ______ we should take the bus or the subway to the museum. （可填 if/whether） (4) The scientist explained ______ his new invention works. （可填 how） (5) He asked me ______ I had seen his English notebook somewhere. （可填 if/whether） (6) Our teacher often says ______ practice makes perfect. （可填 that） (7) Do you know ______ the school concert will start this Friday evening? （可填 when） (8) She couldn’t remember ______ she had put her house keys. （可填 where） (9) The reporter asked the actor ______ his favorite role was in his career. （可填 what） (10) I believe ______ we can finish the group project on time with everyone’s help. （可填 that） 语法篇 反义疑问句:是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。 1. 观察结构 It’s not a real sport, is it? That sounds interesting, doesn’t it? Our school soccer team won at last, didn’t they? 2. 规则总结 1) 前肯后否，前否后可肯 2) 问句结构：助动词do/dose/did/will/have 系动词be + 主语 情态动词can/may/must/should/had better 3. 陈述部分，判断肯定还是否定 1) 句子含有否定副词或否定代词方能算否定句，带有否定前缀的词不能算做否定句 否定副词：no, not, never, hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely 否定代词：nothing, no one, nobody, neither, none... 否定前缀：un-，non-，in-，dis-，ab-, anti-，counter-... 2) 判断下列句子是肯定还是否定 Nothing can stop them. 否定 Don’t spoil your child. 否定 He hasn’t been there before. 否定 The weather is abnormal recently. 肯定 4. 关于主语 1) 陈述部分主语如果是人称代词主格，保持不变 You are from Beijing, aren't you? He can speak French, can't he? We will go to the park tomorrow, won't we? 2) 陈述部分主语如果是名词，根据单复数变为he, she, it, they Mary likes reading novels, doesn't she?（单数女性名词→she） The dog is sleeping on the sofa, isn't it?（单数事物名词→it） These books are yours, aren't they?（复数名词→they） 3) 陈述部分主语是不定代词，如果指代物，反义疑问句则用it, 如果指代人，反义疑问句则用he / they Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it?（不定代词 something 指代物→it） Nothing can stop him, can it?（不定代词 nothing 指代物→it） Someone left the door open, didn't he/they?（不定代词 someone 指代人，可单可复→he/they） 4) There be 中，反义疑问句主语为there There is a cup on the table, isn't there? There were many people in the hall yesterday, weren't there? There will be a meeting tomorrow, won't there? 5) 不定式，动名词做主语时，反义疑问句主语为it To learn English well takes time, doesn't it?（不定式 To learn English well 做主语→it） Swimming in this river is dangerous, isn't it?（动名词 Swimming 做主语→it） To finish the work in three days is difficult, isn't it?（不定式做主语→it） 5. 关于动词 助动词 do/does/did/ have/has/had be动词 am/is/are/was/were 情态动词 can/may/must/should/had better 6. 祈使句 祈使句的反义疑问句不区分肯定句还是否定句, 为will you; Let’s...为shall we; Let us...为will you; Pass me the salt, will you? Wait a minute, will you? Don’t be late, will you? Don’t forget to call me, will you? Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Let’s finish the work first, shall we? Let us leave early today, will you? 7. 练一练 You like coffee, don't you? He can play the guitar, can't he? We will visit the museum, won't we? They haven't finished homework, have they? Lucy is a doctor, isn't she?（女性单数→she） The cat is sleeping, isn't it?（事物单数→it） These flowers are beautiful, aren't they?（复数→they） Mr. Wang teaches history, doesn't he?（男性单数→he） Something is wrong, isn't it?（指代物→it） Everyone is here, aren't they?（指代人，口语常用 they→they） No one knows the answer, do they?（指代人→they） Nothing happened, did it?（指代物→it） There is a park nearby, isn't there? There were many students, weren't there? There will be a party, won't there? There hasn't been rain, has there? To study hard is important, isn't it?（不定式做主语→it） Playing basketball is fun, isn't it?（动名词做主语→it） To solve this problem takes time, doesn't it?（不定式做主语→it） He seldom came here, did he? There is hardly any milk in the bottle, is there? He can swim, can't he? She must finish it, mustn't she? They should study, shouldn't they? You’d better read it by yourself, hadn’t you? You’d better not stay here, had you? Give me a hand, will you? Don’t spoil your child, will you? Let me help you, will you? Let’s try again, shall we? 写作篇 1. 主题语境写作：运动和健康 众所周知，运动有益健康。我愿意分享我的观点。 首先，运动对我们的身体健康有好处。作为高中生，我们通常有大量的作业，花很多时间坐在课桌前。经常慢跑、踢足球或游泳等运动可以使我们的肌肉更强壮，改善我们的心脏功能。这样，我们就不太可能感冒或容易感到疲倦。 此外，运动还有助于我们的心理健康和学习。当我们感到压力时，参加一项最喜欢的运动可以帮助缓解压力，这实际上可以在我们回去做作业或复习功课时提高我们的注意力。​ 我衷心祝愿大家积极参加体育运动。让我们采取行动！ Sports and Health As we all know, sports are good for health. I am willing to share my opinions. First of all, sports are great for our physical health. As high school students, we usually have a lot of homework and spend much time sitting at desks. Doing sports like jogging, playing soccer or swimming regularly can make our muscles stronger and improve our heart function. This way, we’ll be less likely to catch colds or feel tired easily.​ Besides, sports also help with our mental health and study. When we’re stressed out, playing a favorite sport can help relieve that stress, and this can actually improve our concentration when we go back to doing homework or reviewing lessons.​ I sincerely wish everyone would take an active part in sports. Let’s take action! 2. 背诵默写 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $