专题5 介词-【众相原创·赋能中考】2026年英语课堂精讲册（仁爱版 贵州专用）

专题五介词 771111711144444 贵州中考解读1//1/ 年份 2021(贵阳卷) 2022(贵阳卷) 2023 2024 2025 2026预测 考查点 介词的基本用法 2 34 32,77 35 介词的固定搭配 6 75 介词短语 44,48 46 / 分数占比 3分 2分 2.5分 2.5分 1分 117111111144444 课标导图抓核心11// 时间介词：at,on,in,during,since,for,before等 介词的 方位介词：at,on,in,across,through等 本用 方式介词：by,in,on,with等 法 其他常考介词：except,,besides,against等 介 词 “动词+介词”构成的短语 “be动词+形容词+介词”构成的短语 含介词 的短语 “介词+名词”构成的短语 其他短语 考点讲解 (一)介词的基本用法 )易错点 ·时间介词 在含this,that,last,next, 1.at,on与in evey等表示时间的词组 介词 用法 及某些表示时间的词 示例 tomorrow,yesterday) 用在具体某个时刻前 at7:00 at 前通常不加介词。 用在正午、午夜、黎明、黄昏前 at noon:at midnight this/that evening今天/ 用在具体某天前（日期或星期几） on June 1st;on Tuesday 那天晚上 on 用在具体某天的上午、下午、晚上前 on a cold morning last/next/every week/ 用在具体节日前 on National Day 下/每周 yesterday afternoon昨天 后接较长的一段时间（如世纪、年 in the 21st century;in 2023;in 下午 份、季节、月份等) summer;in July 用在泛指的上午、下午、晚上前 in the morning/afternoon/evening 酒以图助记 in “in+一段时间”表示“在一段时间 in 之后”，常与一般将来时连用 in an hour;in two days 月 on 世纪 at 用于固定搭配中 in the future 日（精确时间期 2.before与after 季节 年代 年 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 before 在…之前 before 11:00 在…之后，与一般将来时连用 He'll come back after 11:00. 时，后接时间点 after 在…之后，与一般过去时连用 He came back from Canada after 时，后接时间段 three weeks. 135 3.for与since 介词 用法 例句 四以图助记 “for+时间段”表示动作或状态延续一段 I have lived in Nanning for two for 时间，句子常用现在完成时或过去完 时间段 ago years 成时 “since-+时间点/since+-一段时间+ago”意 I have lived in this city 于间段 为“自…以来”，表示动作或状态从过 since 2018 since 去某个时间点延续到现在，句子常用现 I have lived in this city since ★“since+时间段+ago” 在完成时或过去完成时 five years ago. 与“for+时间段”都表 示一段时间，可互换。 4.during,by,from until/till 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 during 在…期间。后接时间段 during these years It will be cool by tomorrow 不迟于…，在…之前。后接将来的 morning. by 时间点时，常与一般将来时连用：后接过 We had learned about 1,000 去的时间点时，常与过去完成时连用 words by the end of last term. from 从…开始。fom.…to.…从…到… from Monday to Sunday 用在肯定句中时，表示“直到…为 I will work here until/till until/ 止”，谓语动词为延续性动词；用在否定6：00p.m. till 句中时，表示“直到…才”，谓语动词 I won't leave here until/till 为非延续性动词 600p.m. ·方位介词 1.at,in,on与to 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 四以图助记 在。用于较小的地方（如：学校、 at at the airport 家、机场等)前 在…里面 Amy is in the bedroom now. 在。用于较大的地方（如：国家、 in China in 城市、乡镇、水域等)前 in Liupanshui 表示“在某范围之内”，即在某一 Japan lies in the east of Asia. 地区内的某方位 在…表面上（接触物体表面）》 There is a book on the desk on 在。在广阔的平面上 on the lake 在。两地不在同一范围内，但接壤 The country is on the south of China. 到：去；向；朝。有一定的方向性 I went to the park this morning. to 在。表示在某一地区且不接壤 Singapore lies to the south of China 136 2.on,over,above,under below 介词 含义 例句 以图助记 on 在…表面上（接触物体表面）》 There is a ball on the table. 在…正上方（两者不接触但垂 They will build a bridge over the river. 直) over 在…上面（表示部分覆盖或全 She put a blanket over the sleeping above over 部覆盖) child. on 在…上方（两者不接触，也不 above He lifted his hands above his head. under 定垂直) below under 在…正下方（两者不接触但垂直） A dog is sitting under the tree. 在…下方（两者不接触，也不一 below There is a chair below the window. 定垂直) 3.in front of in the front of 介词短语 含义 例句 in front of 在…的前面（外部） The policeman is in front of the car. in the front of 在…的前面（内部） The driver is in the front of the car. 4.among与between【讲解详见本册P53】 5.across,through,over与past【讲解详见本册P18】 6.其他方位介词（词组） outside在…外面 inside在…里面 near在..…附近 beside,/by在..…旁边 next to紧挨着… towards朝向 into到…里面；进入 behind在.…后面 along沿着 around在…周围 ·方式介词 介词 含义及用法 示例/例句 通过（某种方式或手段），后常跟 by asking our teacher for help by 动名词或名词 by hand “by+交通工具”，意为“乘坐.” by taxi 用…，后接表示工具、材料、身体 with Chinese people often eat with chopsticks. 器官等的名词 用…，后接表示语言、语调、方式 in English 等的名词 in a low voice 用…，后接表示网络、电视、电话 on the Internet on 等的名词 on TV 137 其他介词 介词 含义 示例/例句 和… I will go to Beijing with my brother. with 带有；具有 I like this house with a garden. 没有；缺乏 We got there without any difficulty. without 不（做某事） The teacher left without saying anything. 给：对：替 Here is a gift for you. for 支持 We are for the idea. 倚；碰；撞 The rain is beating against the windows. against 对抗；和…竞争 Our team will play against yours this afternoon. 反对 We are against the idea. 像，例如 I like eating fruit like apples. like 像；与…相似 Harry looks like his father. …怎么样 What is your new English teacher like? than 比（用以引出比较的第二部分） My cup is bigger than yours. (数量、时间、花费等)多于 He is over fifty. over 遍及；过（时间） all over the world from 来自（表示来源） I come from a small city in Guizhou. about 关于 I want to know more about your life in that country. on 关于 a movie on animals as 作为：以…身份 I have a job for you as a waiter. except 除了 My father works every day except Sundays. besides 除了…之外（还有） Besides football,I like basketball. including 包括 Everyone can go to that party,including you 属于（某人或某物） the window of the room of 关于（某人或某物） a photo of my dog in 穿着：戴着 Lily is in a beautiful dress. 晚于；在…之后；超过 a quarter past ten past 经过 He hurried past them without stopping. through 以；凭借：通过；穿过 He got what he wanted through hard work. (二)介词短语及固定搭配 注：常见介词短语归纳详见教材词汇记背册P72 138 考点检测 ○贵州5年真题溯源 3.科学家们有时会在实验中偶然发现新事物。 I.选择恰当的短语完成下列各句 Scientists sometimes discover new things on fire at night in half in experiments. 1.[2022贵阳46题]At the Night Safari in 4.我们应该种植更多的树木，以保护地球免受 Singapore,a lot of animals only wake up 污染。 We should plant more trees to protect the earth 2.[2021贵阳44题]Talking to your parents about your problems is like cutting it 5.当你前往外国旅行时，应当礼貌地寻求帮助。 3.[2021贵阳48题]If you find something When you travel to a foreign country,you should in the room,you should cut off the electricity help politely. and leave the house at once. 6.通过阅读这本书，我们深入理解了英语的历史 Ⅱ.完形第一节（一词可多选） 和文化背景。 A.on B.for C.in We have deeply understood the historical and 1.[2025贵州35题]When children in Denmark cultural background of English wake up their birthday,they find gifts the book. all around their beds. 7.Lily经常向有需要的人伸出援手。 2.[2024贵州32题]Modern tennis appeared Lily often lends a helping hand to people the 1860s. 3.[2023贵州34题改编]Ice sculptors display Ⅱ.完形第一节 their works two main areas. A.on B.among C.about 4.[2022贵阳2题改编]Jiang Mengnan started D.of E.during F.from G.as studying for a doctorate(博士学位)at Tsinghua Sports play a key role in our daily life.People University 2018 1 all ages can benefit from different 5.[2021贵阳6题]Some resolutions have to do kinds of sports. with better planning,like making a weekly plan Running is a simple sport for everyone.You schoolwork can run 2. weekends in the park.Many Ⅲ.短文填空（盲填） students in my school join the running club,and 1.[2024贵州77题]The painting measures(测量 they practice together after class. only 77 centimeters by 53 centimeters and is Ball games are popular 3. students. painted oil on wood. They often play basketball on the playground 2.[2023贵州75题改编]Plastic can remain in 4. breaks.Playing football in the field is the oceans hundreds of years. exciting,too.Players run after the ball with great ①拓展提升 I.补全英语译文 energy. 1.据报道，每年都有一些动物面临灭绝的危险。 Doing sports brings many advantages.It keeps us It is reported that some animals are away 5. illnesses.When we play sports with of dying out every year. others,we learn to work in a team.Sports also help 2.我们老师给我们展示了许多来自大自然的有 us make friends.We can meet new people who have 趣的东西。 the same hobbies 6. we do. Our teacher showed us lots of interesting things No matter what sport you like,just go out and try it! 139拓展提升 I.1.the fresher 2.more convenient 3.more important 4.the fastest 5.the best 6.better place 7.as much II.1.further 2.cheapest 3.best 4.most beautiful 5.stronger 6.largest 7.fewer 8.highest II.1.braver 2.earlier 3.easier 4.faster 5.more deeply 6.worst 7.most important 8.most useful 微专题3短文填空里的形容词和副词变形 Passage 1 1.greatest 2.widely 3.harder 4.successfully 5.well 6.closer 7.freely 8.clearly 9.bigger 10.truly Passage 2 1.taller 2.simply 3.kindly 4.longest 5.proudest 6.softly 7.differently 8.easily 9.most valuable 10.better 专题四代词 考点1人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 贵州5年真题溯源 I.1.us 2.its Ⅱ.B Ⅲ.1.its2.his3.them 拓展提升 I.1.encourage him 2.our best 3.for us 4.borrow yours 5.dressed himself 6.her help II.1.us 2.yours 3.its 4.her 5.our 6.themselves 7.hers 8.himself III.1.my 2.their 3.herself 4.them 5.her 6.our 7.us 8.me 9.yours 10.Its 考点2不定代词 贵州5年真题溯源 拓展提升 I.1.none of 2.a few 3.either of 4.Any of 5.something meaningful 6.Anyone/Anybody can 7.both ready/willing Ⅱ.1.D2.A3.B4.C5.E 考点3指示代词 贵州5年真题溯源 I.A Ⅱ.f's unrealistic 拓展提升 1.E2.D3.C4.F5.A6.B 考点4疑问代词 1.What 2.Which 3.Which 4.whom 5.Whose 6.What 专题五介词 贵州5年真题溯源 I.1.at night 2.in half 3.on fire Ⅱ.1.A2.C3.C4.C5.B Ⅲ.1.with2.for 拓展提升 I.1.in danger 2.from nature 3.by accident 4.from pollution 5.ask for 6.by/through reading 7.in need 6 Ⅱ.1.D2.A3.B4.E5.F6.G 专题六冠词 贵州5年真题溯源 I.1.A2.C3.B Ⅱ.1.the2.a 拓展提升 I.1.an 2.The 3.a 4.an 5.an 6.the 7.a Ⅱ.1.B2.B3.C4.B5.A6.A7.B8.C 专题七数词 贵州5年真题溯源 B 拓展提升 I.1.D2.C3.F4.B5.A6.G7.E II.1.second 2.fifth 3.millions 4.fortieth 5.third 6.Thousands 7.twentieth 专题八构词法 贵州5年真题溯源 I.really II.1.freely 2.developed 3.visitors 4.valuable 5.dangerous 6.Finally 7.widely 拓展提升 I.1.impossible 2.colorful 3.simply 4.interested 5.decision 6.reuse 7.sleepy 8.agreement 9.swimmer 10.kindness II.1.knowledge 2.weekly 3.beautiful 4.educational 5.enjoyable 6.excited 7.loudly 8.creative 9.happiness 10.lively 二、句法 专题九句子种类和简单句 考点1 There be句型（存现句） 贵州5年真题溯源 1.There are 2.There are 3.There are 拓展提升 1.There are 2.there is 3.there were 4.There is 5.may/might be 6.There aren't 7.There are 8.will be 9.There are 10.Is there 11.have been 12.There is 考点3疑问句 I.1.What time 2.How long 3.Is there 4.Do you 5.Why not 6.Did you 7.Have you 8.How/What about II.1.Yes./Yes,she can.2.No./No,I have not/haven't. 3.How much 4.How often 5.Will;or 考点4祈使句 贵州5年真题溯源 1.don't forget 2.Don't run 拓展提升 1.Believe in 2.Please remember 3.Let's eat 4.Close your 5.Don't/Never cross 6.Please arrive 7.shouldn't speak 8.Let's protect 9.Please be 10.keep/stay calm