题型1 选择型阅读理解-【众相原创·赋能中考】2026年中考英语高效练习册（人教版 贵州专用）

第一部分 语篇微技能精讲 题型一 选择型阅读理解 ///11//II12025贵州真题精讲1/1I1I// B篇 第一步：快速浏览文章后所给题目； 第二步：粗读全文，理解文章大意（注意首尾段/句），标注关键信息； 第三步：带着问题细读全文，抓住文章关键词句，初选答案： Human actions are affecting the environment.We will lose more of the natural world if we don't try to change things.Though it is difficult,we can make a difference.Each small change is important,and luckily more individuals()and organizations are working on conservation projects. Samson,an African fisherman,has become a voice for the ocean.He and the other fishermen realized they were catching fewer and fewer fish.They were overfishing.Working with the World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF), Samson leared they had to fish more carefully.He realized they shouldn't catch so many young fish because if there are too few of them,there won't be enough adult fish to reproduce.He believes protecting the ocean is everybody's job.As he says,"Take your responsibilities and never think that you are alone. In Florida,the Sea Turtle Conservancy(STC)noticed there were always plenty of single-use plastic items,like bottles and drinking straws(),on the beaches.These items can hurt the ocean wildlife terribly.Straws are especially dangerous for turtles because they can get stuck in turtles'noses and hurt them badly.So the STC sated the projeet"Where are thew?aking lo restaurants to stop giving customaws with theirdrink Now,restaurants will only give straws if customers ask for them,and they only give out paper straws. Those are just two examples of the many conservation efforts around the world today.They both show us that change is possible and that it can start with small actions.We are part of the problem.It's time to be part of the solution. L.代词指代题，What does the underlined word 技巧点拨 “them”in paragraph2 refer to? () 考法1：代词指代题 A.Young fish.B.Oceans. C.Fishermen. 代词指代题要求考生根据上下文判断出代词 根据画线代词所在句的前半句可知，Samson意识 所指代的内容。可参考以下步骤解题： ①回归原文，找出问题中的代词： 到他们不应该捕捞那么多幼鱼，them指代幼鱼。 ②根据“指代临近”原则，在代词附近找临近 2.毫推理判断题，What would happen through STC's 的名词、名词短语或句子； efforts? () ③将找到的词汇或句子代入，替换该代词，看 A.More and more tourists would relax on the beaches. 其意思是否通顺； ④将找到的词汇或句子与三个选项分别进行 B.There would be fewer plastic straws on the beaches. 对比，找出最佳答案。 C.Customers would buy more drinks from restaurants. 根据第三段倒数第二句可知，STC发起了“吸管去 考法2：推理判断题 哪儿了？”项目，要求当地餐馆停止为顾客提供饮品 推理判断题要求考生在理解文章中直接陈述 时附赠吸管，进而推知，海滩上的塑料吸管将会 的观点或描述的事实的基础上，领悟作者的言外之 减少。 意，得出符合作者意图的结论，即根据作者暗示的 3.文章结构题，What is the structure of the text? 内容，推断出合理的结论。推断时考生一定要在文 (P=paragraph)） 章中找到证据，然后锁定答案。 P ①®① 考法3：文章结构题 A. B.P2 C. 文章结构题要求考生在理解原文大意的基础 ⑧®⑧ e 上，通过对文章结构和语篇逻辑关系的分析，合理 通读文章可知，第一段提出越来越多的个人和组织 划分文章的结构框架。中考常考文章结构有： 正在参与保护环境：第二、三段分别给出一个相关 ①总一分一总；②总一分；③分一总。考生可将分 的例子；最后一段总结全文，表达环保可以从小的 析的文章结构与选项作对比，选出正确答案。 行动开始。全文为总一分一总结构， 考法4：标题归纳题 4.标题归纳题，Which can be the best title for the 标题归纳题要求学生在通读全文的基础上，认 text? () 真分析文章大意，选择可以概括文章内容的标题。 A.Playing a role in stopping plastic straws 一般情况下，文中反复出现的词汇或短语为体现文 B.Becoming a voice for saving young fish 章中心内容的关键词或短语。 C.Making a difference to the natural world 考法5：词义猜测题 全文主要介绍了环保可以从小的行动开始，由此可 针对词义猜测题的方法有很多，如利用上下文 知，本文的最佳标题应为“对自然世界产生影响”。 的近义词或反义词、释义、示例、逻辑关系以及句子 【拓展题型】 结构等。无论使用哪种方法，考生都需清楚几点： 6.词义猜测题，What does the underlined word ①一道词义猜测题未必只对应一种方法，利用 “conservation”in Paragraph 1 mean? () 上下文语境选取一个或几个解题方法是做题的关 A.Pollution. B.Protection. C.Production. 键，有时可以用构词法或代入法辅助确认所选答案 文章第一段提到人类活动正在破坏环境，而“越来 是否合理； 越多的个人和组织正在开展项目”以改善这种情 ②词义猜测题的目的不是检验考生对某个词 况。后文紧接着给出了两个具体例子，这两个例 的认知，重要的是搞清楚它所处句子要表达的 子都是对自然的“保护”行动。 意思 6.写作手法题，How does the writer introduce the ③不要只关注被猜测的词所在的半句话或一 句话，要以此句为中心，前后看一至两句，有的时候 each small change is important in Paragraph 2 &3? 甚至要弄清楚整段内容的主旨。 A.By telling stories. 考法6：写作手法题 写作手法题主要考查整篇文章或某个段落的 B.By giving examples. 写作手法，考生无法直接从原文中找出答案，需要 C.By asking questions. 根据第二、三段内容可知，主要举了两个环保行动 在分析文本的基础上结合语文知识进行作答。常 的例子。 见手法有：提问题、举例子、作对比、摆事实等。 第四步：重读全文，核对答案。 【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.C5.B6.B 2 C篇 第一步：快速浏览文章后所给题目： 第二步：粗读全文，理解文章大意（注意首尾段/句），标注关键信息； 第三步：带着问题细读全文，抓住文章关键词句，初选答案； Chile is a long and beautiful country with the ocean to the west and mountains to the east.Some of the villages are a very long way from the cities,and some of the schools are very small. It's difficult for small schools to teach science because they don't have enough teachers or equipment( This is where the Science Bus project can help.The bus brings special science teachers,new ideas,and equipment to schools in different parts of the country.Sometimes,the children go inside the bus for their science classes or clubs.Sometimes,the teachers bring the equipment inside the school building.The children do experiments.The materials used in the experiments are easy to find-for example,recycled plastic bottles-so that the class teacher can repeat the experiments with the class after the bus leaves. The goal of the Science Bus is to bring science to children all over Chile.Since 2012,the bus has visited many schools in Chile,and hundreds of teachers have learned how to make their science classes fun and exciting. In other parts of the world,children can take part in events called Bioblitzes.During Bioblitz scientists families,students,teachers and other people work together to collect as many different kinds of plants and animals as possible incrain placesuchasak forestBioblitare a fun way to help scientists and todiscover more about the plants and animals around us. Science is important for all of us because it helps us understand our world.We can learn about science inside or outside of the classroom. 7.毫细节理解题Why do Chile's small schools need 技巧点拨 the Science Bus? （) 考法7：细节理解题 A.They don't have enough school buildings or clubs. 细节理解题主要考查考生是否能在阅读文章 B.They are short of science teachers and equipment. 的同时获取特定的细节信息或理解特定信息的 意义。 C.They need special materials to repeat experiments. 细节理解题通常针对文章中叙述的人物、事 根据第二段第一句可知，智利的小的学校需要科学 物、现象或理论等进行提问，题干中一般会出现表 巴士是因为它们缺少科学教师和设备。 述较为具体的关键信息，考生在审题后可快速锁定 关键信息。关键信息可以帮助考生在文章中锁定 8.Y细节理解题，What do people do during a 答案区域。 Bioblitz? 考法8：写作意图题 写作意图题主要考查考生能否把握作者通过 A.Recycle plastic bottles. 文章想要传达的目的、意图或情感倾向。 B.Visit different schools. 写作意图题通常围绕文章整体或特定段落展 C.Collect plants and animals. 开提问，题千常出现“purpose”等表述。考生需先 根据第四段第二句可知，在生物多样性普查活动 梳理文章主旨，分析作者在介绍内容时的情感、态 度以及期望读者产生的反应，结合文章的体裁、核 期间，人们会收集植物和动物。 心观点和行文风格来推断写作意图。 3 9.推理判断题，What do the Science Bus and 考法9：文章出处题 Bioblitzes have in common? 推断文章出处或类别要从文章内容、语言特色 A.They make science learning interesting. 和标志信息着手 B.They are popular with children in Chile ①若选项是不同的出处，可参考以下情况 C.They choose science courses for schools. 作答： 根据第三段第二句及根据第四段第三句可推知， ·文章有极强的时效性或文章前有日期/地点或通 科学巴士和生物多样性普查活动的共同之处是让 讯社名称→newspaper//news report(报纸/新闻 科学学习变得有趣。 报道) ·文章中网址、网页图标或其他网络用语→website 10.毫写作意图题，What is the writer's purpose in (网站) writing the text? () ·介绍景点→travel guide/.guide book(旅游指南) A.To encourage us to learn science. ·时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→nagazine((杂志) B.To advise us to get close to nature. ●推销产品→advertisement/notice board(广告/布 C.To introduce Chile's schools to us. 告栏) 通读文章可知，主要介绍了智利的科学巴士项目 ●活动介绍→notice board(布告栏) 以及生物多样性普查活动，都与科学学习相关，最 ②若选项为同一类别的不同栏目，考生应根据 后还强调科学对我们很重要，目的是鼓励我们学 文章具体内容判断其属于哪个范畴，常见的有：news 习科学。 (新闻)、story(故事)、health(健康)、education(教 【拓展题型】 育)、sports(运动)、technology(科技)、culture(文 11.章文章出处题，Where is the text most probably 化)等。 考法10：文本类型题 from? 文本类型题主要考查考生结合文章的主要内 A.A Chile adventure storybook. 容及各类文体的语言特点推断文本类型的能力。 B.A science activity magazine. 可参考以下方法解题： C.An environmental news report ①如果文章包含“Last year'”“One day”等时间 文章主要介绍了智利的科学巴士项目以及生物多 标志词，按照事件发展的顺序展开内容，文本类型 样性普查活动，都属于科学范畴。 就是一则故事； 12.膏文本类型题，What kind of writing is the text?? ②如果文章包含“the man/woman recalled” () “she/he added"“She told reporters'”“China Daily”等 A.A poem.B.An interview.C.An introduction. 采访标志词，文本类型就是一篇报道； 文章主要介绍了智利的科学巴士项目以及生物多 ③如果文章有书信、日记、诗歌、访谈、对话、戏 样性普查活动，是一篇介绍。 剧、便条等格式，可根据文章的具体特点判断。 第四步：重读全文，核对答案。 【答案】7.B8.C9.A10.A11.B12.C 4