Unit 7 Welcome-Reading 单词讲解及练习 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

Unit 7welcome-reading部分单词讲解及练习 1. coral /'k r l/ n. 珊瑚 搭配:coral reef珊瑚礁;coral ecosystem珊瑚生态系统 例题: ① _ (珊瑚) provides habitats(栖息地) for many marine animals. ② The _ (珊瑚) in this sea area is being damaged by pollution. 2. reef /ri f/ n. 礁 •搭配:coral reef珊瑚礁;rock reef岩礁 • 例题: ① Coral (reef) look like rocks,but they support a lot of life in just a small area. ② The _ (reef) protects the coast from strong waves. 3. penguin /'pe w n/ n. 企鹅 常考拼写和复数形式 • 例题: ① _ (Penguin) mainly feed on fish and krill(磷虾). ② We watched a group of _ (penguin) waddling(摇摇摆摆地走) on the ice. 4. ecosystem /'i k s st m/ n. 生态系统 ( 巧记:eco- 生态的;+ system n.系统,体系) • 搭配:marine ecosystem海洋生态系统;balance the ecosystem平衡生态系统 • 例题: ① Cutting down forests can destroy the local _ (生态系统). ② The ecosystem of the Amazon rainforest (be)very complex(复杂的). 5. climate /'kla m t/ n. 气候 • 搭配:climate change 气候变化 ;tropical climate热带气候 • 例题: ① Polar bears are affected by _ (climate) warming. ② The _ (climate) in this area is dry and hot in summer. climate和weather 区别: ①climate 某一地区长期(数年、数十年甚至更久)的平均天气状况(包括气温、降水、风等)(长期、稳定性) 1. The climate in Sanya is warm all year round.(三亚的气候全年温暖。) ②weather 某一地区短时间内(分钟、小时、几天)的大气状况(短期、多变、偶然性) 1. What's the weather like today?(今天天气怎么样?) 6. wetland /'wetl nd/ n. 湿地 • 搭配:wetland protection(湿地保护);wetland reserve(湿地保护区) • 例题: ① Many _ (wetland) have been turned into farmland in recent years. ② (湿地)play a key role in keeping the ecosystem balanced. 7. include / n'klu d/ vt. 包括 • 搭配:include...as...(把……当作……包括在内);included(置于名词后,意为“包括……在内”) 词汇 词性 释义 用法 include 动词(及物动词) “包含;包括”(强调主动 “把…… 列入其中”) include sth. /sb.; be included in(被动) including 介词 / 现在分词 “包括…… 在内”(表举例,补充说明前面的人 / 物) sb./sth. + including + 宾语;including + 宾语(句首) included 过去分词 / 形容词 “被包含在内的”(表被动 “被列入其中”) sb./sth. + included; be included in 1. Our school subjects include English, Math and History.(我们的学校科目包括英语、数学和历史。) 2. Many students, including Li Hua, like playing basketball.(很多学生,包括李华在内,喜欢打篮球。) 3. There are 50 students in our class, all included.(我们班有 50 名学生,全部包含在内。) • 例题: ① The tour _ (include) a visit to the local museum. ② Everyone _ (include) in the team should arrive on time. ③We visited three cities, (include) Beijing and Shanghai. 8. non-living / n n 'l v / adj. 非生物的 • 搭配:non-living things(非生物);non-living environment(非生物环境) • 例题: ① Rocks and water are examples of _ (非生物的) things. ② The non-living (part)of an ecosystem provide support for living organisms. 9. pond /p nd/ n. 池塘 • 搭配:fish pond(鱼塘);pond water(池塘水) • 例题: ① There are some frogs living in the _ (池塘) behind my house. ② We fed the ducks in the _ (pond) during the picnic. 10. around / 'ra nd/ adv. 大约(表示数量、时间的近似值。) • 搭配:around 3 o'clock(大约3点);around 30 people(大约30人) • 例题: ① The meeting will start _ (around) 3 p.m. ② There are _ (大约) 45 students in each class. 11. hold /h ld/ vt. 容纳;拿着;举行 ,也可表示“持有”“举办”。- 过去式 held • 搭配:hold 20 people(容纳20人);hold a meeting(举行会议) • 例题: ① This room can _ (hold) over 30 people. ② She _ (hold) a book in her hand when I saw her. 12. return /r 't n/ vi. 返回,回去,回来 • 搭配:return to school(回到学校);return home(回家),地点副词前省略to • 例题: ① He _ (return) to his hometown after graduation. ② When will you _ (return) from your business trip? 13. get rid of 清除;摆脱(去除不需要的事物,或脱离不利状态。) • 搭配:get rid of rubbish(清除垃圾);get rid of stress(摆脱压力);get rid of bad habits(摆脱坏习惯) • 例题: ① We need to _ (get rid of) the weeds in the garden. ② She tried hard to _ (get rid of) her fear of heights. 14. prevent /pr 'vent/ vt. 防止,阻止 • 搭配:prevent...from doing...(阻止……做……)=stop/keep...from doing sth ; prevent accidents(防止事故) • 例题: ① Wearing seat belts can _ (prevent) serious injuries in car crashes. ② We should take action _ (prevent) the spread of diseases. 15. store /st (r)/ vt. 贮存 • 搭配:store food(贮存食物);store energy(储存能量) • 例题: ① We need _ (store) more water for the dry season. ② The fridge can _ (贮存) fresh vegetables for a week. 16. sponge /sp nd / n. 海绵块 • 搭配:kitchen sponge(厨房海绵);sponge cloth(海绵布) • 例题: ① Use a _ (海绵) to clean the table after dinner. ② During heavy rains,wetlands store water like huge .(海绵) 17. act / kt/ vi. 起作用;行动;vi. & vt. 扮演。也可表示“行动”“扮演角色”。 • 搭配:act as(充当);act quickly(迅速行动) 词性转换: act-actor (n.男演员)- actress(n.女演员) - active(adj.积极的) -action (n.行动) -activity(n.活动) • 例题: ① This medicine will _ (act) in 20 minutes. ② She _ (act) the main role in the school play last year. ③Tom is (act) in our class. ④There are many (act) in our school. 18. kidney /'k dni/ n. 肾脏 -复数kidneys • 搭配:kidney stone(肾结石);kidney failure(肾衰竭) • 例题: ① The _ (kidney) filter(过滤) waste from the blood(血液). ②Wetlands act like the (肾脏) of the earth. 19. nearly /'n li/ adv. 几乎,差不多,将近 • 词义:表示接近某个数量或状态。 • 搭配:nearly finished(几乎完成);nearly 100 years(将近100年) • 例题: ① I've _ (几乎) finished my homework. ② The project cost _ (nearly) one million dollars. 20. carbon dioxide /'k b n da ' ksa d/ n. 二氧化碳 • 搭配:carbon dioxide emissions(二氧化碳排放);absorb carbon dioxide(吸收二氧化碳) • 例题: ① Plants take in _ (二氧化碳) and release(排放) oxygen. ② Too much carbon dioxide in the air (cause)global warming. 21. trap /tr p/ vt. 吸收;使落入险境-常考过去式:trapped ,也可做形容词“困住的” • 词义:此处指“吸收(气体)”,也可表示“困住”。 • 搭配:trap heat(吸收热量);be trapped in a fire(被困在火灾中) • 例题: ① Forests _ (吸收) large amounts of carbon dioxide. ② The cat _ (trap) in the box and couldn't get out. 22. harmful /'h mfl/ adj. 有害的 • 搭配:harmful chemicals(有害化学物质);harmful to health(对健康有害) • 例题: ① Smoking is _ (harm) to both smokers and non-smokers. ② We should avoid using _ (有害的) materials in daily life. 23. therefore /' e f (r)/ adv. 因此 • 词义:表示因果关系,引出结果。 • 搭配:therefore + 句子(因此……) • 例题: ① He missed the bus; _ (因此), he was late for school. ② The weather was bad. _ (therefore), we canceled the outdoor activity. 24. lung /l / n. 肺 • 词义:人体或动物呼吸的器官。 • 搭配:lung cancer(肺癌);healthy lungs(健康的肺) • 例题: ① The _ (lung) are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. ② Pollution can cause damage to people's _ (肺). 25. slow down (使)慢下来 • 词义:降低速度或节奏。 • 搭配:slow down the car(减慢车速);slow down the process(放慢进程) • 例题: ① You should slow d when driving in rainy weather. ② The doctor advised him (slow down) and rest more. 26. sadly /'s dli/ adv. 不幸地;悲伤地-sad adj.伤心的 - sadness n.悲伤 • 词义:表示悲伤的情绪或不幸的情况。 • 搭配:shake one's head sadly(悲伤地摇头);sadly enough(不幸的是);share sadness with sb (和某人分享你的悲伤) • 例题: ① _ (sad), the old building was destroyed in the fire. ② She looked at the old photo _ (伤心地). ③You can tell your parents your (sad) and happiness. 27. ton /t n/ n. 吨 tons of 数吨的 • 词义:重量单位,1吨=1000千克。 • 搭配:a ton of coal(一吨煤);tons of waste(数吨垃圾) • 例题: ① The truck can carry up to 10 _ (ton) of goods. ② We produce _ (吨) of plastic waste every year. 28. harm /h m/ vt. 伤害,损害 n.伤害,损害-harmful adj.有害的-harmless adj.无害的 • 词义:对某人/某物造成不利影响。 • 搭配:harm the environment(危害环境);do harm to(对……有害) • 例题: ① Polluted water can _ (伤害) fish and other aquatic animals. ② Too much screen time may be_ (harm) to children's eyesight. 例题答案 1. ① Coral;② coral 2. ① reefs;② reef 3. ① Penguins;② penguins 4. ① ecosystem;② ecosystem 5. ① climate;② climate 6. ① wetlands;② wetlands 7. ① includes;② included ③including 8. ① non-living;② parts 9. ① pond;② pond 10. ① around;② around 11. ① hold;② held 12. ① returned;② return 13. ① get rid of;② get rid of 14. ① prevent;② to prevent 15. ① to store;② store 16.① sponge;② sponges 17.①act ② acted ③active ④activities 18.①kidneys ②kidneys 19.①nearly ②nearly 20.①carbon dioxide ②causes 21.①trap ② was trapped 22.①harmful ②harmful 23.①therefore ②therefore 24.①lungs ②lungs 25.①down ②to slow down 26.①sadly ② sadly ③sadness 27.①tons ② tons 28.①harm ②harmful 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $