专题04 非谓语动词之V-ing（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期人教版

专题04 非谓语动词之V-ing（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 浙江1月卷 returning 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对非谓语动词V-ing的考查愈发侧重在真实、复杂语境中的成分功能与逻辑关系辨析。V-ing形式重在考查其作状语、定语、宾语补足语等成分时与逻辑主语的主动关系判断，以及动作进行状态的精准把握，核心是检验考生对句法结构的深层解析能力。掌握V-ing不仅是应对语法填空、短文改错等题型的关键，更是提升阅读理解中长难句拆解效率、听力中语义逻辑捕捉精度以及写作中句式丰富度与表达灵活性的重要支撑。在备考中，应结合真题语篇，深入梳理其功能场景与语义内涵，明确与谓语动词、其他非谓语形式的边界，实现从“规则记忆”到“语境运用”的转化。 【复习目标】 1.掌握 V-ing 形式的基本结构与核心功能逻辑，理解其作为非谓语动词与谓语动词的语义关联及句法分工。 2.熟练运用V-ing 的关键搭配（如介词后、特定动词后、固定句型中），掌握 V-ing 在复合句中的逻辑主语一致性规则，避免主谓逻辑混乱、与不定式误用等常见问题。 3.提升在语篇中快速解析 V-ing 不同句法功能所承载逻辑关系的能力，并能在写作中主动运用以增强句式灵活性与语义表达的连贯性。 2023 全国乙卷 recording 知识点01 概述 动词-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。 例1：As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.(作主语) 正如你所想象的，被烫伤可能会导致非常严重的伤害。 例2：The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.（作表语） 烧伤治疗的第一步也是最重要的步骤是进行急救。 例3：It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.（作定语） 最好将烫伤处放在流动的凉水下冲洗，尤其是在受伤后的前十分钟内。 例4：Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. （作状语、宾补） 如有必要，可用剪刀剪掉衣物，但若看到烧伤皮肤上有布料粘连，则不要剪。 例5：You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.（作宾语） 你可以用一块松散的干净布覆盖烧伤部位进行保护。 知识点02 形式 V-ing 包含主动、被动两种语态，每种语态下有一般式和完成式，具体形式为： 主动语态：一般式（(not) doing）；完成式 (not) having done 被动语态：一般式（(not) being done ；完成式（(not) having been done 例1：Reading English every morning helps improve your pronunciation. 每天早上读英语有助于提升你的发音。 例2：Having finished his homework, he went out to play basketball. 完成作业后，他出去打篮球了。 例3：The problem being discussed now is very important for our project. 现在正在被讨论的问题对我们的项目很重要。 知识点03 V-ing作主语 1. V-ing 作主语表示一般、抽象的习惯性行为，谓语动词用单数； 例1：Getting here is quite difficult. 到达这里相当困难。 例2：Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive. 身处这样一个美丽而荒凉的地方，我感到活着是幸运的。 例3：Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. 即使阳光明媚，也无法分辨是早上还是晚上。 2. it 作形式主语放句首，真正主语（V-ing）放句末，常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型： It + be + a waste of time doing … 做……是浪费时间的 It be no good/use doing … 做……是没益/用处的 It be hardly/scarcely worth doing … 做……不值得 It be worth/worthwhile doing … 做……是值得的 There is no sense in doing … 做……没有道理 例：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 【即时检测】 Mary’s ________ (come) late again made the teacher very angry. 知识点04 V-ing作表语 1. 动词-ing形式作表语，说明主语的内容，常指一般性、经常性的动作。 例1：Susan's hobbies are reading and cooking. 苏珊的爱好是阅读和烹饪。 例2：My job is looking after the children. 我的工作是照顾孩子们。 例3：One of his bad habits is watching TV while having dinner. 他的一个坏习惯是在吃饭时看电视。 2. 一些表示状态、品质等的动词-ing形式具有形容词的性质, 也可作表语, 表示主语所具有的特征或属性。多意为 “令人……”, 常修饰物。 例1：Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。 例2：The speech he gave this morning is inspiring. 他今天早上发表的演讲鼓舞人心。 【即时检测】 The story is very _____________ (encourage). 知识点05 V-ing作宾语 1. 作动词的宾语 （1）有些动词只接V-ing形式作宾语 常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)有： “承认”(admit) “冒险”(risk)别“继续”(keep) “理解”(understand)“原谅”(excuse)和“感激”(appreciate) “推迟”(delay)“享受”(enjoy)真可惜 “完成”(finish)“想象”(imagine)又“建议”(suggest, advise) “避免”(avoid, escape)“介意”(mind)别“延期”(put off) “错过”(miss)以后不“考虑”(consider) “允许”(allow)“抵制”(resist, stand)或“放弃”(give up) “坚持”(insist on)“练习”(practise)要牢记 例1：He admitted breaking the glass of the classroom when the teacher questioned him. 老师询问时，他承认打碎了教室的玻璃。 例2：The doctor suggested drinking plenty of warm water to relieve the sore throat. 医生建议多喝温水来缓解喉咙痛。 例3：Do you mind passing me the notebook on the desk? 你介意把桌上的笔记本递给我吗？ （2）有些动词可接V-ing和to do形式作宾语，且意义无差别，常见的有：begin, start, continue, love, prefer, like, hate等。 例1：I began reading / to read this novel last month and I still haven't finished it. 我上个月开始读这本小说，到现在还没读完。 例2: Everyone in the class started laughing / to laugh. 班上的每个人都开始笑了。 （3）有些动词可接V-ing和to do形式作宾语，意义不同,常见的有：remember, forget, regret, try, mean, go on等。 try doing sth. 试着做某事 try to do sth. 努力去做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 go on doing sth. 继续做某事 go on to do sth. 做完一件事后接着做另一件事 regret doing sth. 为做过某事而感到后悔 regret to do sth. 遗憾(抱歉)要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 例1：He took a long look at the girl and finally remembered seeing her at a party somewhere. 他仔细看了看那个女孩，终于想起曾在某个派对上见过她。 例2：Remember to call me when you arrive! 我到的时候记得叫我！ 2. 作介词的宾语 例：Her sister is good at learning physics. 她的姐姐擅长学习物理。 3. 作形容词worth/busy等词的宾语 例：This book is well worth reading. 这本书非常值得一读。 【即时检测】 I always have difficulty ____________ (pronounce) new words. 知识点06 V-ing作定语 1.表示被修饰词的性质、作用或用途，意为“供……用”，相当于介词for短语，常置于被修饰词之前。如：a waiting room = a room for waiting 2. 表示正在正在进行的或主动的动作 它与所修饰词有逻辑上的主谓关系；单个分词作定语一般放在修饰词的前面，现在分词短语作定语通常放在修饰词的后面，并且可以转化为一个定语从句。 例1：He saw a flying bird and raised his bow. 他看见一只飞鸟，便拉起了弓。 例2：We built a highway leading into the mountains. 我们修建了一条通往山区的高速公路。 例3：There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. 一道突然爆发的强光之后，传来了一声可怕的巨响。 【即时检测】 The child ________ (stand) over there is my brother. 知识点07 V-ing作宾语补足语 1.在感官动词see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等后作宾补 例1：We saw the teacher doing the experiment. 我们看到老师在做实验。 例2： I saw her being questioned by the police. 我看到她正在被警察盘问。 2.在使役动词keep, get, leave, have等后作宾补 例1：In order to keep warm, we kept the fire burning. 为了保暖，我们让火一直燃烧着。 例2：Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在雨中在外面等着。 3.在with复合结构中作宾补 例1：I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on. 因为噪音太大，我没法做作业。 例2：With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. 这么多人看着她，她感到有些紧张。 【即时检测】 He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone ________ (knock)at his door. 知识点08 V-ing作状语 V-ing作状语，表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况，逻辑主语与主句主语一致，可根据需要在其前加上连词while/when/once/if/unless等。 例1：Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.（时间状语） 听到这个消息，他们立刻动身前往上海。 例2：Being tired, I stopped to have a rest.（原因状语） 因为累了，我停下来休息了一下。 例3：The snow lasted a week, causing serious traffic confusions.（结果状语） 雪下了整整一周，导致严重的交通混乱。 例4：Working hard, you will finally succeed.（条件状语） 努力工作，你最终会成功。 例5：Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.（让步状语） 尽管承认了她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽力而为。 例6： Please answer the question using another way.（方式状语） 请用另一种方式回答这个问题。 例7：Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling frustrated. （伴随状语） 王鹏坐在他空荡荡的餐厅里，感到沮丧。 【即时检测】 Nervously _________ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1. It is worth ________ (make) an appointment before you go. 2. Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use _________ (argue) with him. 3. Would you mind ________ (wait) here for some minutes? 4. Bill’s job is _________ (teach) sign language. 5. She is considering _________ (buy) a house in Shanghai. 6. They will swear that they left it in the _________ (change) room . 7. _________(hear)that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr Johnson hurried to the hospital. 8. During the operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour __________ （worry）about him. 9. I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not ________（want）to be heard. 10. _________(face)higher import and export costs, the company is looking for ways to survive. 11. ________(return) from the North Pole, the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year. 12.The child lay on her mother’s lap, ___________(smile)sweetly. 13._________(feel)hurt by the rejection, she bit her lip and quietly walked away. 14.There is a ______ (read) room on the second floor of the library. 15.The girl ______ (dance) at the party last night is my deskmate. 16.We need a ______ (work) plan to finish the task on time. 17.The boy ______ (play) football on the playground is very tall. 18.I met a man ______ (carry) a big box when I walked along the street. 19.This is a ______ (promise) young artist who has won many prizes. 20.The students ______ (prepare) for the exam are studying in the classroom. 提升题（测试时间：10分钟） 一、选择填空 1. _____ (climb) the mountain is a great way to exercise and enjoy nature. A. Climb B. Climbed C. Climbing D. To climbing 2.It’s no use ______ (argue) with him—he never changes his mind. A. argue B. arguing C. to argue D. argued 3.She is considering ______ (study) abroad for her university education. A. study B. studying C. to study D. studied 4.The man insisted on ______ (pay) for the meal even though we tried to refuse. A. pay B. paying C. to pay D. paid 5.His hobby is ______ (collect) old stamps from all over the world. A. collect B. collected C. collecting D. to collecting 6.We visited a factory ______ (produce) eco-friendly packaging last week. A. produce B. producing C. produced D. to produce 7.The book ______ (lie) on the desk belongs to our English teacher. A. lie B. lying C. laid D. lain 8.I noticed a group of children ______ (play) happily in the park when I passed by. A. play B. playing C. played D. to play 9.______ (finish) his homework, he went out to play basketball with his friends. A. Finishing B. Finished C. Finish D. To finish 10.______ (be) a volunteer in the community has made her more responsible. A. Be B. Being C. Been D. To be 二、语法填空 11.______ (learn) a second language can open up many opportunities. 12.It’s a waste of time ______ (wait) for someone who will never arrive. 13.He admitted ______ (break) the window by accident. 14.She is looking forward to ______ (see) her grandparents during the vacation. 15.The most exciting part of the trip was ______ (explore) the ancient castle. 16.We walked along the path ______ (lead) to the top of the mountain. 17.There is a sign ______ (warn) people not to swim in the river. 18.I heard her ______ (sing) a beautiful song in the next room just now. 19.______ (not know) his address, we couldn’t get in touch with him. 20.The students walked into the classroom, ______ (talk) and laughing happily. 链接高考（测试时间：5分钟） 1. (2025浙江1月卷) “I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean __________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 2.（2023全国乙卷）As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________(record) everything I discovered. 拓展提升（测试时间：15分钟） 一、选择填空题 1.（2024・江苏南京高三期末） ______ (travel) around the world is a dream for many young people. A. Travel B. Traveling C. To travel D. Traveled 2.（2023・浙江温州高二期末） She suggested ______ (have) a picnic in the park this weekend. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 3.（2024・广东东莞高三期末） His main job is ______ (design) websites for small companies. A. design B. designing C. to design D. designed 4.（2023・山东青岛高二期末） Do you know the boy ______ (play) the guitar on the stage? A. play B. playing C. to play D. played 5.（2024・湖北宜昌高三期末） _____ (finish) the project ahead of time, they worked day and night. A. Finishing B. Having finished C. To finish D. Finished 6.（2023・湖南株洲高二期末） I noticed some students ______ (whisper) in class when the teacher was speaking. A. whisper B. whispering C. to whisper D. whispered 7.（2024・四川绵阳高三期末） It’s no good ______ (waste) time on computer games; you should focus on ______ (improve) your grades. A. wasting; improving B. waste; improve C. to waste; improving D. wasting; improve 8.（2023・陕西宝鸡高二期末） ____ (not understand) the question, she asked the teacher to explain it again. A. Not understand B. Not understanding C. Not to understand D. Not understood 9.（2024・辽宁大连高三期末） The building ______ (repair) now is our school library. A. repair B. repairing C. being repaired D. repaired 10.（2023・河南洛阳高二期末） He is looking forward to ______ (meet) his old friends at the class reunion. A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. met 二、语法填空 11.（2024・北京朝阳高三期末） ______ (learn) English well is essential for communicating with people from different countries. 12.（2023・上海闵行高二期末） She couldn’t help ______ (cry) when she heard the sad news. 13.（2024・重庆江北高三期末） My favorite activity after school is ______ (play) badminton with my classmates. 14.（2023・安徽芜湖高二期末） I saw a man ______ (carry) a heavy box into the building just now. 15.（2024・福建厦门高三期末） ______ (live) in this city for ten years, we know every corner of it very well. 16.（2023・吉林长春高二期末） The boss kept the workers ______ (work) overtime to finish the order. 17.（2024・河北唐山高三期末） After ______ (discuss) the plan for hours, they finally reached an agreement. 18.（2023・江西南昌高二期末） _____ (be) asked to give a speech, she spent the whole night preparing. 19.（2024・广西南宁高三期末） There is a sign ______ (say) “No Smoking” in the meeting room. 20.（2023・云南昆明高二期末） He apologized for ______ (arrive) late and promised ______ (come) on time next time, ______ (smile) politely. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 非谓语动词之V-ing（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 浙江1月卷 returning 【考向透视】 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对非谓语动词V-ing的考查愈发侧重在真实、复杂语境中的成分功能与逻辑关系辨析。V-ing形式重在考查其作状语、定语、宾语补足语等成分时与逻辑主语的主动关系判断，以及动作进行状态的精准把握，核心是检验考生对句法结构的深层解析能力。掌握V-ing不仅是应对语法填空、短文改错等题型的关键，更是提升阅读理解中长难句拆解效率、听力中语义逻辑捕捉精度以及写作中句式丰富度与表达灵活性的重要支撑。在备考中，应结合真题语篇，深入梳理其功能场景与语义内涵，明确与谓语动词、其他非谓语形式的边界，实现从“规则记忆”到“语境运用”的转化。 【复习目标】 1.掌握 V-ing 形式的基本结构与核心功能逻辑，理解其作为非谓语动词与谓语动词的语义关联及句法分工。 2.熟练运用V-ing 的关键搭配（如介词后、特定动词后、固定句型中），掌握 V-ing 在复合句中的逻辑主语一致性规则，避免主谓逻辑混乱、与不定式误用等常见问题。 3.提升在语篇中快速解析 V-ing 不同句法功能所承载逻辑关系的能力，并能在写作中主动运用以增强句式灵活性与语义表达的连贯性。 2023 全国乙卷 recording 知识点01 概述 动词-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。 例1：As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.(作主语) 正如你所想象的，被烫伤可能会导致非常严重的伤害。 例2：The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.（作表语） 烧伤治疗的第一步也是最重要的步骤是进行急救。 例3：It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.（作定语） 最好将烫伤处放在流动的凉水下冲洗，尤其是在受伤后的前十分钟内。 例4：Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. （作状语、宾补） 如有必要，可用剪刀剪掉衣物，但若看到烧伤皮肤上有布料粘连，则不要剪。 例5：You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.（作宾语） 你可以用一块松散的干净布覆盖烧伤部位进行保护。 知识点02 形式 V-ing 包含主动、被动两种语态，每种语态下有一般式和完成式，具体形式为： 主动语态：一般式（(not) doing）；完成式 (not) having done 被动语态：一般式（(not) being done ；完成式（(not) having been done 例1：Reading English every morning helps improve your pronunciation. 每天早上读英语有助于提升你的发音。 例2：Having finished his homework, he went out to play basketball. 完成作业后，他出去打篮球了。 例3：The problem being discussed now is very important for our project. 现在正在被讨论的问题对我们的项目很重要。 知识点03 V-ing作主语 1. V-ing 作主语表示一般、抽象的习惯性行为，谓语动词用单数； 例1：Getting here is quite difficult. 到达这里相当困难。 例2：Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive. 身处这样一个美丽而荒凉的地方，我感到活着是幸运的。 例3：Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. 即使阳光明媚，也无法分辨是早上还是晚上。 2. it 作形式主语放句首，真正主语（V-ing）放句末，常用动词-ing形式作主语的句型： It + be + a waste of time doing … 做……是浪费时间的 It be no good/use doing … 做……是没益/用处的 It be hardly/scarcely worth doing … 做……不值得 It be worth/worthwhile doing … 做……是值得的 There is no sense in doing … 做……没有道理 例：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 【即时检测】 Mary’s ________ (come) late again made the teacher very angry. 【答案】coming 【解析】考查v-ing作主语。句意：玛丽又一次迟到，这让老师非常生气。分析句子结构可知，此处作主语，用coming。 知识点04 V-ing作表语 1. 动词-ing形式作表语，说明主语的内容，常指一般性、经常性的动作。 例1：Susan's hobbies are reading and cooking. 苏珊的爱好是阅读和烹饪。 例2：My job is looking after the children. 我的工作是照顾孩子们。 例3：One of his bad habits is watching TV while having dinner. 他的一个坏习惯是在吃饭时看电视。 2. 一些表示状态、品质等的动词-ing形式具有形容词的性质, 也可作表语, 表示主语所具有的特征或属性。多意为 “令人……”, 常修饰物。 例1：Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。 例2：The speech he gave this morning is inspiring. 他今天早上发表的演讲鼓舞人心。 【即时检测】 The story is very _____________ (encourage). 【答案】encouraging 【解析】考查v-ing作表语。句意：这个故事非常鼓舞人心。分析句子结构得知，此处作表语，形容物，用encouraging。 知识点05 V-ing作宾语 1. 作动词的宾语 （1）有些动词只接V-ing形式作宾语 常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)有： “承认”(admit) “冒险”(risk)别“继续”(keep) “理解”(understand)“原谅”(excuse)和“感激”(appreciate) “推迟”(delay)“享受”(enjoy)真可惜 “完成”(finish)“想象”(imagine)又“建议”(suggest, advise) “避免”(avoid, escape)“介意”(mind)别“延期”(put off) “错过”(miss)以后不“考虑”(consider) “允许”(allow)“抵制”(resist, stand)或“放弃”(give up) “坚持”(insist on)“练习”(practise)要牢记 例1：He admitted breaking the glass of the classroom when the teacher questioned him. 老师询问时，他承认打碎了教室的玻璃。 例2：The doctor suggested drinking plenty of warm water to relieve the sore throat. 医生建议多喝温水来缓解喉咙痛。 例3：Do you mind passing me the notebook on the desk? 你介意把桌上的笔记本递给我吗？ （2）有些动词可接V-ing和to do形式作宾语，且意义无差别，常见的有：begin, start, continue, love, prefer, like, hate等。 例1：I began reading / to read this novel last month and I still haven't finished it. 我上个月开始读这本小说，到现在还没读完。 例2: Everyone in the class started laughing / to laugh. 班上的每个人都开始笑了。 （3）有些动词可接V-ing和to do形式作宾语，意义不同,常见的有：remember, forget, regret, try, mean, go on等。 try doing sth. 试着做某事 try to do sth. 努力去做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 go on doing sth. 继续做某事 go on to do sth. 做完一件事后接着做另一件事 regret doing sth. 为做过某事而感到后悔 regret to do sth. 遗憾(抱歉)要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 例1：He took a long look at the girl and finally remembered seeing her at a party somewhere. 他仔细看了看那个女孩，终于想起曾在某个派对上见过她。 例2：Remember to call me when you arrive! 我到的时候记得叫我！ 2. 作介词的宾语 例：Her sister is good at learning physics. 她的姐姐擅长学习物理。 3. 作形容词worth/busy等词的宾语 例：This book is well worth reading. 这本书非常值得一读。 【即时检测】 I always have difficulty ____________ (pronounce) new words. 【答案】pronouncing 【解析】考查v-ing作宾语。句意：我总是难以正确发音新单词。此处考查“have difficulty(in)doing sth.”“做某事有困难”结构，作介词in的宾语，所以用pronouncing。 知识点06 V-ing作定语 1.表示被修饰词的性质、作用或用途，意为“供……用”，相当于介词for短语，常置于被修饰词之前。如：a waiting room = a room for waiting 2. 表示正在正在进行的或主动的动作 它与所修饰词有逻辑上的主谓关系；单个分词作定语一般放在修饰词的前面，现在分词短语作定语通常放在修饰词的后面，并且可以转化为一个定语从句。 例1：He saw a flying bird and raised his bow. 他看见一只飞鸟，便拉起了弓。 例2：We built a highway leading into the mountains. 我们修建了一条通往山区的高速公路。 例3：There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. 一道突然爆发的强光之后，传来了一声可怕的巨响。 【即时检测】 The child ________ (stand) over there is my brother. 【答案】standing 【解析】考查v-ing作定语。句意：站在那边的那个孩子是我的哥哥。此处standing over there作定语修饰the child,逻辑上的主动关系，用standing。 知识点07 V-ing作宾语补足语 1.在感官动词see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等后作宾补 例1：We saw the teacher doing the experiment. 我们看到老师在做实验。 例2： I saw her being questioned by the police. 我看到她正在被警察盘问。 2.在使役动词keep, get, leave, have等后作宾补 例1：In order to keep warm, we kept the fire burning. 为了保暖，我们让火一直燃烧着。 例2：Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在雨中在外面等着。 3.在with复合结构中作宾补 例1：I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on. 因为噪音太大，我没法做作业。 例2：With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. 这么多人看着她，她感到有些紧张。 【即时检测】 He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone ________ (knock)at his door. 【答案】knocking 【解析】考查v-ing作宾语补足语。句意：他半夜突然醒来，听到有人在敲门。此处作someone的宾语补足语，与someone之间为逻辑上的主动关系，用knocking。 知识点08 V-ing作状语 V-ing作状语，表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况，逻辑主语与主句主语一致，可根据需要在其前加上连词while/when/once/if/unless等。 例1：Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.（时间状语） 听到这个消息，他们立刻动身前往上海。 例2：Being tired, I stopped to have a rest.（原因状语） 因为累了，我停下来休息了一下。 例3：The snow lasted a week, causing serious traffic confusions.（结果状语） 雪下了整整一周，导致严重的交通混乱。 例4：Working hard, you will finally succeed.（条件状语） 努力工作，你最终会成功。 例5：Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.（让步状语） 尽管承认了她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽力而为。 例6： Please answer the question using another way.（方式状语） 请用另一种方式回答这个问题。 例7：Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling frustrated. （伴随状语） 王鹏坐在他空荡荡的餐厅里，感到沮丧。 【即时检测】 Nervously _________ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”. 【答案】facing 【解析】考查v-ing作状语。句意：面对挑战时，我有些紧张，但我知道我会对自己轻声说那两个简单的词：“做你自己”。由句意得知，此处作状语，与句子主语I构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以用facing。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法填空 1. It is worth ________ (make) an appointment before you go. 【答案】making 【解析】考查v-ing作宾语。句意：去之前最好先预约一下。be worth doing值得做某事。 2. Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use _________ (argue) with him. 【答案】arguing 【解析】考查v-ing作主语。句意：尤金从不轻易改变自己的任何观点。跟他争论是没用的。“It’s no use doing sth.”“做某事是没有用的”，此句型中，It为形式主语，v-ing作真正主语。 3. Would you mind ________ (wait) here for some minutes? 【答案】waiting 【解析】考查v-ing作宾语。句意：你介意在这里等几分钟吗？mind doing sth.介意做某事，用waiting。 4. Bill’s job is _________ (teach) sign language. 【答案】teaching 【解析】考查v-ing作表语。句意：比尔的工作是教授手语。分析句子结构得知，此处作表语，说明主语的性质，用teaching。 5. She is considering _________ (buy) a house in Shanghai. 【答案】buying 【解析】考查v-ing作宾语。句意：她正在考虑在上海买房。consider doing sth. 考虑做某事，用buying。 6. They will swear that they left it in the _________ (change) room . 【答案】changing 【解析】考查v-ing作定语。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它留在了更衣室。changing作定语，说明room的用途。 7. _________(hear)that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr Johnson hurried to the hospital. 【答案】hearing 【解析】考查v-ing作状语。句意：听到妻子在事故中受伤的消息，约翰逊先生急忙赶往医院。分析句意可知，此处作状语，与句子主语Mr Johnson构成逻辑上的主谓关系，用hearing。 8. During the operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour __________ （worry）about him. 【答案】worrying 【解析】考查v-ing作状语。句意：在手术期间，她在等候室坐了一个多小时，担心着他。分析句意得知，此处作状语，与句子主语she构成逻辑上的主谓关系，用worrying。 9. I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not ________（want）to be heard. 【答案】wanting 【解析】考查v-ing作状语。句意：我看见她正对着他的耳朵低声说着什么，显然不希望被听到。分析句意得知，此处作状语，与逻辑主语构成主谓关系，用wanting。 10. _________(face)higher import and export costs, the company is looking for ways to survive. 【答案】Facing 【解析】考查v-ing作状语。句意：面对更高的进出口成本，该公司正在寻找生存之道。分析句意得知，此处作状语，与句子主语the company构成主谓关系，用Facing。 11. ________(return) from the North Pole, the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year. 【答案】Returning 【解析】考查v-ing作状语。句意：从北极返回后，这位旅行者写了一本关于他经历的书，次年出版了这本书。由句意得知，此处作状语，与句子主语the traveller构成主谓关系，用Returning。 12.The child lay on her mother’s lap, ___________(smile)sweetly. 【答案】smiling 【解析】考查v-ing作状语。句意：孩子躺在妈妈的腿上，甜甜地笑着。由句意得知，此处作状语，与句子主语the child构成主谓关系，用smiling。 13._________(feel)hurt by the rejection, she bit her lip and quietly walked away. 【答案】Feeling 【解析】考查v-ing作状语。句意：被拒绝刺痛了心，她咬着嘴唇，默默地走开了。由句意得知，此处作状语，与句子主语she构成主谓关系，用Feeling。 14.There is a ______ (read) room on the second floor of the library. 【答案】reading 【解析】考查v-ing作定语。句意：图书馆二楼有一个阅览室。v-ing 作前置定语，表 “功能或用途”，相当于 “用于阅读的”。reading room 是固定搭配，类似表达还有 swimming pool（游泳池）、waiting room（候车室）。 15.The girl ______ (dance) at the party last night is my deskmate. 【答案】dancing 【解析】考查v-ing作定语。句意：昨晚在派对上跳舞的女孩是我的同桌。v-ing 作后置定语，修饰先行词 the girl，相当于定语从句 who was dancing。逻辑上 “女孩” 与 “跳舞” 是主动关系，且动作在过去某一时刻正在进行。 16.We need a ______ (work) plan to finish the task on time. 【答案】working 【解析】考查v-ing作定语。句意：我们需要一个工作计划来按时完成任务。v-ing 作前置定语，表 “性质或特征”，意为 “可行的、起作用的”。working plan 指 “切实可行的计划”，区别于 worked（表被动或完成，不用于此处）。 17.The boy ______ (play) football on the playground is very tall. 【答案】playing 【解析】考查v-ing作定语。句意：在操场上踢足球的男孩非常高。v-ing 作后置定语，修饰 the boy，相当于 who is playing。逻辑上 “男孩” 与 “踢足球” 是主动关系，动作正在进行，用现在分词体现。 18.I met a man ______ (carry) a big box when I walked along the street. 【答案】carrying 【解析】考查v-ing作定语。句意：当我沿着街道走的时候，我遇到了一个男人，他正拿着一个大盒子。v-ing 作后置定语，修饰 a man，相当于 who was carrying。动作 “提箱子” 与 “遇见” 同时发生，且 “人” 与 “提” 是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语。 19.This is a ______ (promise) young artist who has won many prizes. 【答案】promising 【解析】考查v-ing作定语。句意：这是一位有前途的年轻艺术家，曾获得许多奖项。v-ing 作前置定语，表 “具有某种潜力或趋势”，意为 “有前途的”。promising 是高频高考词汇，常修饰 person、student、artist 等名词。 20.The students ______ (prepare) for the exam are studying in the classroom. 【答案】preparing 【解析】考查v-ing作定语。句意：正在为考试做准备的学生们正在教室里学习。v-ing 作后置定语，修饰 the students，相当于 who are preparing。逻辑上 “学生” 与 “准备考试” 是主动关系，动作正在进行，用现在分词体现主谓关系。 提升题（测试时间：10分钟） 一、选择填空 1. _____ (climb) the mountain is a great way to exercise and enjoy nature. A. Climb B. Climbed C. Climbing D. To climbing 【答案】C 【解析】考查 v-ing 作主语。句意：爬山是锻炼身体和享受大自然的好方法。此处需用名词性成分作主语，climb 的动名词形式 climbing 符合要求，A 为动词原形，B 为过去分词，D 结构错误。 2.It’s no use ______ (argue) with him—he never changes his mind. A. argue B. arguing C. to argue D. argued 【答案】B 【解析】考查 v-ing 作宾语。句意：跟他争论是没有用的——他从不改变主意。固定句型 “It’s no use doing sth.” 表示 “做某事没用”，后接动名词作宾语，故选 B。 3.She is considering ______ (study) abroad for her university education. A. study B. studying C. to study D. studied 【答案】B 【解析】考查 v-ing 作宾语。句意：她正在考虑出国留学读大学。动词 consider 后接动名词作宾语，构成 “consider doing sth.”（考虑做某事），不接不定式，故选 B。 4.The man insisted on ______ (pay) for the meal even though we tried to refuse. A. pay B. paying C. to pay D. paid 【答案】B 【解析】考查 v-ing 作宾语。句意：那人坚持要为这顿饭付款，尽管我们试图拒绝。介词 on 后接动名词作宾语，insist on doing sth. 表示 “坚持做某事”，故选 B。 5.His hobby is ______ (collect) old stamps from all over the world. A. collect B. collected C. collecting D. to collecting 【答案】C 【解析】考查 v-ing 作表语。句意：他的爱好是收集来自世界各地的旧邮票。主语 hobby 与表语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，用动名词 collecting 表示 “收集” 这一爱好，A 为动词原形，B 为过去分词，D 结构错误。 6.We visited a factory ______ (produce) eco-friendly packaging last week. A. produce B. producing C. produced D. to produce 【答案】B 【解析】考查 v-ing 作定语。句意：我们上周参观了一家生产环保包装的工厂。book 与 lie（躺）是主动关系，且动作正在进行，用现在分词 lying 作后置定语，laid 是 lay（放置）的过去式，lain 是 lie 的过去分词，均不符合语境，故选 B。 7.The book ______ (lie) on the desk belongs to our English teacher. A. lie B. lying C. laid D. lain 【答案】B 【解析】考查 v-ing 作定语。句意：书桌上的那本书属于我们的英语老师。book 与 lie（躺）是主动关系，且动作正在进行，用现在分词 lying 作后置定语，laid 是 lay（放置）的过去式，lain 是 lie 的过去分词，均不符合语境，故选 B。 8.I noticed a group of children ______ (play) happily in the park when I passed by. A. play B. playing C. played D. to play 【答案】B 【解析】考查 v-ing 作宾补。句意：当我路过时，我注意到一群孩子在公园里快乐地玩耍。感官动词 notice 后接现在分词作宾补，表示 “注意到某人正在做某事”，children 与 play 是主动关系且动作正在进行，故选 B。 9.______ (finish) his homework, he went out to play basketball with his friends. A. Finishing B. Finished C. Finish D. To finish 【答案】A 【解析】考查 v-ing 作时间状语。句意：完成作业后，他和朋友们出去打篮球了。finish 与句子主语 he 是主动关系，用现在分词短语 Finishing his homework 作状语，相当于 After he finished...，故选 A。 10.______ (be) a volunteer in the community has made her more responsible. A. Be B. Being C. Been D. To be 【答案】B 【解析】考查 v-ing 作主语。句意：在社区做志愿者让她变得更加负责。此处需用动名词短语 Being a volunteer 作主语，表示 “成为社区志愿者” 这一行为，A 为动词原形，C 为过去分词，D 为不定式（虽可作主语，但此处强调习惯性行为，动名词更合适），故选 B。明天晚上8点你打算做什么？— 那时我将看我最喜欢的电视剧。“at 8 p.m. tomorrow” 是明确的未来时间点，询问该时刻正在进行的动作，需用将来进行时。 二、语法填空 11.______ (learn) a second language can open up many opportunities. 【答案】Learning 【解析】考查 v-ing 作主语。句意：学习第二语言可以带来许多机会。此处需用动名词作主语，learn 的动名词形式为 Learning，注意首字母大写。 12.It’s a waste of time ______ (wait) for someone who will never arrive. 【答案】waiting 【解析】考查 v-ing 作宾语。句意：等待一个永远不会到来的人是浪费时间。固定句型 “It’s a waste of time doing sth.” 表示 “做某事是浪费时间”，后接动名词作宾语，故填 waiting。 13.He admitted ______ (break) the window by accident. 【答案】breaking 【解析】考查 v-ing 作宾语。句意：他承认打破了窗户，这是意外造成的。动词 admit 后接动名词作宾语，构成 “admit doing sth.”（承认做某事），故填 breaking。 14.She is looking forward to ______ (see) her grandparents during the vacation. 【答案】seeing 【解析】考查 v-ing 作宾语。句意：她期待在假期期间见她的祖父母。短语 look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填 seeing。 15.The most exciting part of the trip was ______ (explore) the ancient castle. 【答案】exploring 【解析】考查 v-ing 作表语。句意：这次旅行最令人兴奋的部分是探索这座古老的城堡。主语 part 与 explore 是逻辑主动关系，用动名词 exploring 作表语，体现 “探索古堡” 这一行为，故填 exploring。 16.We walked along the path ______ (lead) to the top of the mountain. 【答案】leading 【解析】考查 v-ing 作定语。句意：我们沿着通往山顶的小路走着。path 与 lead 是主动关系，用现在分词 leading 作后置定语，相当于定语从句 that leads...，故填 leading。 17.There is a sign ______ (warn) people not to swim in the river. 【答案】warning 【解析】考查 v-ing 作定语。句意：河里有一块警示牌，告诫人们不要在此游泳。sign 与 warn 是主动关系，用现在分词 warning 作后置定语，表示 “警告人们不要在河里游泳的牌子”，故填 warning。 18.I heard her ______ (sing) a beautiful song in the next room just now. 【答案】singing 【解析】考查 v-ing 作宾补。句意：我刚才听到她在隔壁房间唱一首优美的歌。感官动词 hear 后接现在分词作宾补，表示 “听到某人正在做某事”，she 与 sing 是主动关系且动作正在进行，故填 singing。 19.______ (not know) his address, we couldn’t get in touch with him. 【答案】Not knowing 【解析】考查 v-ing 作原因状语。句意：不知道他的地址，我们没能联系上他。know 与句子主语 we 是主动关系，否定形式为 Not knowing，相当于 Because we didn’t know...，故填 Not knowing。 20.The students walked into the classroom, ______ (talk) and laughing happily. 【答案】talking 【解析】考查 v-ing 作伴随状语。句意：学生们走进教室，交谈着，开心地笑着。students 与 talk 是主动关系，用现在分词 talking 与 laughing 并列，描述 “边走边说笑” 的状态，故填 talking。 链接高考（测试时间：5分钟） 1. (2025浙江1月卷) “I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean __________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【答案】returning 【解析】考查v-ing。句意为：“我真的希望这项技术能为人们今天的生活带来便利，我知道这并不总是意味着在特殊周末过后周一退回一件连衣裙，”她说。根据句意可知，此处表示意味着……，用mean doing sth.固定搭配。 2.（2023全国乙卷）As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________(record) everything I discovered. 【答案】recording 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：作为一名摄影师，我在过去两年里一直在记录我所发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事，固定搭配。 拓展提升（测试时间：15分钟） 一、选择填空题 1.（2024・江苏南京高三期末） ______ (travel) around the world is a dream for many young people. A. Travel B. Traveling C. To travel D. Traveled 【答案】 B 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：环游世界是许多年轻人的梦想。句子缺少主语，v-ing 形式（动名词）可作主语，强调抽象、习惯性动作。A 为动词原形，不能直接作主语；C 不定式作主语侧重具体动作，此处无特指；D 为过去式，故选 B。 2.（2023・浙江温州高二期末） She suggested ______ (have) a picnic in the park this weekend. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 【答案】 C 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：她建议这个周末在公园野餐。suggest（建议）为接动名词作宾语的动词，固定搭配为 “suggest doing sth”，不能接不定式，故选 C。 3.（2024・广东东莞高三期末） His main job is ______ (design) websites for small companies. A. design B. designing C. to design D. designed 【答案】 B 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：他的主要工作是为小公司设计网站。动名词作表语说明主语的内容或性质，此处表示职业的核心工作，强调习惯性；不定式作表语侧重具体某次动作，故选 B。 4.（2023・山东青岛高二期末） Do you know the boy ______ (play) the guitar on the stage? A. play B. playing C. to play D. played 【答案】 B 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：你知道那个在舞台上弹吉他的男孩吗？the boy 与 play 为主动关系，现在分词作定语表主动、进行状态，相当于 “who is playing”；D 为过去分词表被动，不符合语境，故选 B。 5.（2024・湖北宜昌高三期末） _____ (finish) the project ahead of time, they worked day and night. A. Finishing B. Having finished C. To finish D. Finished 【答案】 B 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：为了提前完成项目，他们日夜不停地工作。“完成项目” 发生在 “日夜工作” 之前，需用现在分词完成式 “having done” 表动作先后；A 表同时发生，C 为不定式表目的，D 为过去分词表被动，故选 B。 6.（2023・湖南株洲高二期末） I noticed some students ______ (whisper) in class when the teacher was speaking. A. whisper B. whispering C. to whisper D. whispered 【答案】 B 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：我注意到有些学生在老师讲话时在课堂上小声说话。",notice sb doing sth 表示 “注意到某人正在做某事”，强调动作进行；notice sb do sth 表动作全过程，此处语境为 “老师讲话时正在小声说话”，故选 B。 7.（2024・四川绵阳高三期末） It’s no good ______ (waste) time on computer games; you should focus on ______ (improve) your grades. A. wasting; improving B. waste; improve C. to waste; improving D. wasting; improve 【答案】 A 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：把时间浪费在电脑游戏上是没有用的；你应该专注于提高成绩。固定句型 “It’s no good doing sth” 后接动名词；focus on 中 to 为介词，后接动名词，故选 A。 8.（2023・陕西宝鸡高二期末） ____ (not understand) the question, she asked the teacher to explain it again. A. Not understand B. Not understanding C. Not to understand D. Not understood 【答案】 B 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：没听懂这个问题，她让老师再解释一遍。she 与 understand 为主动关系，现在分词否定式为 “not doing”，作原因状语；D 为过去分词表被动，故选 B。 9.（2024・辽宁大连高三期末） The building ______ (repair) now is our school library. A. repair B. repairing C. being repaired D. repaired 【答案】 C 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：目前正在修理的那栋建筑是我们的学校图书馆。building 与 repair 为被动关系，且由 now 可知动作正在进行，需用 “being done” 形式；D 为过去分词表被动完成，故选 C。 10.（2023・河南洛阳高二期末） He is looking forward to ______ (meet) his old friends at the class reunion. A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. met 【答案】 B 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：他期待在同学聚会上见到老朋友们。“look forward to” 中 to 为介词，固定搭配为 “look forward to doing sth”，后接动名词，故选 B。 二、语法填空 11.（2024・北京朝阳高三期末） ______ (learn) English well is essential for communicating with people from different countries. 【答案】 Learning 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：学好英语对于与来自不同国家的人交流至关重要。句子缺少主语，需用动名词形式作主语，故填 Learning。 12.（2023・上海闵行高二期末） She couldn’t help ______ (cry) when she heard the sad news. 【答案】 crying 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：听到这个悲伤的消息，她忍不住哭了起来。固定搭配 “can’t help doing sth” 表示 “忍不住做某事”，后接动名词，故填 crying。 13.（2024・重庆江北高三期末） My favorite activity after school is ______ (play) badminton with my classmates. 【答案】 playing 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：我放学后最喜欢的活动是和同学打羽毛球。动名词作表语说明主语的内容，与主语为对等关系，故填 playing。 14.（2023・安徽芜湖高二期末） I saw a man ______ (carry) a heavy box into the building just now. 【答案】 carrying 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：我刚才看到一个人携带一个沉重的箱子走进大楼。man 与 carry 为主动关系，现在分词作定语表主动，相当于 “who was carrying”，故填 carrying。 15.（2024・福建厦门高三期末） ______ (live) in this city for ten years, we know every corner of it very well. 【答案】Having lived 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：在这座城市生活了十年，我们对它的每个角落都非常熟悉。“居住十年” 发生在 “熟悉角落” 之前，需用现在分词完成式表先后，故填 Having lived。 16.（2023・吉林长春高二期末） The boss kept the workers ______ (work) overtime to finish the order. 【答案】 working 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：老板让工人们加班加点完成订单。固定搭配 “keep sb doing sth” 表示 “让某人一直做某事”，后接动名词作宾语补足语，故填 working。 17.（2024・河北唐山高三期末） After ______ (discuss) the plan for hours, they finally reached an agreement. 【答案】 discussing 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：经过数小时的讨论，他们终于达成了一致。after 为介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填 discussing。 18.（2023・江西南昌高二期末） _____ (be) asked to give a speech, she spent the whole night preparing. 【答案】 Being 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：被要求发表演讲时，她整个晚上都在做准备。she 与 ask 为被动关系，现在分词被动式 “being done” 作原因状语，故填 Being。 19.（2024・广西南宁高三期末） There is a sign ______ (say) “No Smoking” in the meeting room. 【答案】 saying 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：会议室里有一块标牌写着“禁止吸烟”。sign 与 say 为主动关系，现在分词作定语表主动，相当于 “which says”，故填 saying。 20.（2023・云南昆明高二期末） He apologized for ______ (arrive) late and promised ______ (come) on time next time, ______ (smile) politely. 【答案】 arriving; to come; smiling 【解析】考查v-ing。句意：他为迟到道歉，并承诺下次准时来，礼貌地微笑着。apologize for 后接动名词（arriving）；promise 后接不定式（to come）；smile 与 he 为主动关系，现在分词作伴随状语（smiling）。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $