摘要:
该高中英语必修一Unit 5知识清单全面梳理了“Language Around the World”单元内容,涵盖23个核心词汇(含词性、搭配、派生词)及5类语法结构(如让步状语从句、固定句型),为学生搭建了从词汇基础记忆到语法灵活运用的递进式学习支架。
清单采用“词汇-语法分类关联”方式呈现知识体系,如“billion”标注“前有数字不加s”及“billions of”搭配并对比“million”形近词,“base”家族词(base, basic, basis)梳理词性转换及“be based on”固定搭配,培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特别设计“派生词链”(如“system”拓展至systematic)和“句型应用示例”(如“the harder..., the luckier...”),学生可按“记忆-练习-应用”阶梯学习,教师可据此设计分层教学,提升复习效率。
内容正文:
必修一
Unit 5 Language Around the World
知识点汇总
1. billion /ˈbɪljən / n. 十亿
5 billion dollars(billion前有数字时,不能加s)
billions of 数十亿的
billionaire n.亿万富翁
形近词:million n.百万 millions of 数百万的 millionaire n.百万富翁
2. native /ˈneɪtɪv/adj.出生地的,本地的,土著的n.本地人
be native to ... (to介词) 原产于......
The giant panda is native to China.
= China is home to giant andas.
3. attitude /ˈætɪtju:d / n. 态度;看法
an attitude to /towards... 对……的态度
have/hold/take/adopt a(n)... attitude to/ towards ... 对……持……的态度
hold a positive attitude towards life对生活持积极的态度
He has a very tolerant attitude towards other religions.
他对其他宗教持非常包容的态度。
4. reference /ˈrefrəns / n. 指称关系;参考
a reference book 一本参考书
refer / rɪˈfɜ:(r) / vi. 提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫…求助于 (referred, referred , referring)
refer to... 指的是;描述;提到;查阅
refer to...as... 把……称作……
be referred to as ... 被称作......
in/with reference to...关于……;根据……而论
for reference以备查阅;以供参考
5. system /ˈsɪstəm / n. 体系;制度;系统
immune system 免疫系统
social system社会系统
control system 控制系统
solar system太阳系
Information system 信息系统 management system 管理系统
systematic adj.系统的
systematically adv.有系统地
6. despite /dɪˈspaɪt / prep. 即使;尽管
= in spite of 尽管
= regardless of
7. based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的
base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础n.底部;根据
basic adj.基本的;基础的
basically adv.基本地
basis n.基础
be based on/upon以……为基础/依据
based on基于......
base...on/upon...以……为……基础
on the basis of...以……为基础
on a regular basis= regually 经常,有规律地
an air base 空军基地
baseball n.棒球
basement n.地下室
basic knowledge基础知识
8. date back (to ...) 追溯到 (常用于一般现在时,无被动语态)
date from 追溯到,始于
out of date 过时的;陈旧的
up to date 最新的;现代的
to date 到目前为止,通常与现在完成时一起使用
9. symbol /ˈsɪmbl / n. 符号;象征
a/ the symbol of ... 象征......
symbolic adj. 象征…的
White is the symbol of purity. 白是纯洁的象征。
The dove is a symbol of peace.鸽子是和平的象征.
= The dove is symbolic of peace.
10. variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. (植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
vary v.变化
vary from...to...在……到……之间变动
vary with...随……而变化
vary in...在……方面不同
vary in quality /size在质量/尺寸上不同
various adj.多样的
variety n. 变体;异体;多样化
a variety of ... = varieties of ... 各种各样的
variable adj.易变的,多变的
the variety of意为“……的品种或种类”,“the variety of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。
11. major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj. 主要的;重要的;大的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修;专门研究
majority n.大多数
major in...主修……
the majority of...大多数……
be in the/a majority占多数
反义词:minority n.少数的,
minor 较少的,小的
12. means n.方式;方法;途径
means意为“方式;方法”时,单复数同形。
a means of transportation一种交通工具
by this means通过这种方法
by means of用…办法;借助…手段
by no means绝不;一点也不(位于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
by all means当然行;没问题
By no means can you give up when you are in trouble.
13. regard n.尊重;关注;关心; (pl.regards)问候vt.把……视为;看待regarding prep.关于;至于
regard...as...把……看作……;认为……是……
be regarded as...被看作……;被视为……
with/in regard to关于;至于
as regards 关于;至于
show/give one’s regards to sb代某人向某人问好
14. appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi.增值
appreciation n.欣赏;感激
appreciative adj.欣赏的;感激的
appreciate+n./pron./v.-ing重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if...假如……,我将不胜感激
express one’s appreciation to sb for sth 因为某事向某人表达感激之情
15. struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
struggle for 为……而奋斗/斗争
struggle with/against 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth 努力做某事,挣扎着做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
It’s a struggle for sb to do sth.
对某人来说做某事真是件难事。
16. “no matter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句
whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however等还可以引导名词性从句,但此时不能与“no matter+特殊疑问词”互换。
No matter how/However difficult it might be,we’ll try to complete it. 不管那将有多难,我们都会尽力完成。
No matter who/Whoever points out our shortcomings,we will correct them.
不管谁指出我们的缺点,我们都会改正。
17. the+比较级……,the+比较级……
There is a popular saying that the harder you work, the luckier you will be.
有一种流行的说法:越努力,越幸运。
18. equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的vt.与……相等;等于;比得上
equality n.平等;相等
equally adv.同样地;相等地
be equal to 等于;相当于
be equal to (doing) sth 能胜任(做)某事
A equals B in sth. A在某方面比得上B
without equal 无与伦比;无人可比
have no equal 无与伦比
All men are born equal. 人人生而平等。
18. demand n.要求;需求vt.强烈要求;需要vi.查问
demanding adj.要求高的;苛求的
be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demands (for...) 满足某人(对……)的需求
demand to do sth要求做某事
demand that...(should) do...要求……做……
19. relate vt.联系;讲述
relation n.关系;联系
relate sth to sb 向某人讲述某事
relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到;理解
relate to sb. 与某人相处
relate...to...将……与……联系起来
be related to与……有关
in relation to关于
relate to 常见用法例句:
1. 与……相关;涉及
This article relates to environmental protection.
(这篇文章涉及环境保护。)
2. 理解;认同
I can’t relate to his way of thinking.
(我无法认同他的思维方式。)
3. 与……和睦相处
She finds it hard to relate to strangers.
(她觉得很难和陌生人相处融洽。)
20. “be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+形容词”
be of value=be valuable有价值,值钱
be of much help=be very helpful很有帮助
be of use=be useful有用处
be of importance/significance=be important/significant 重要
be of much benefit = be very beneficial 有很大的好处
be of interest = be interesting有趣
21. have trouble with sth在(做)某事上有困难
have trouble/difficulty/a problem/ problems with sth. 在……方面有麻烦
have trouble/difficulty/a problem/ problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
have a good/hard time (in) doing/with sth. 做某事很快乐/艰难
在上述表达中,difficulty和 trouble都是不可数名词。
22. as
(1) as 引导的时间状语从句,意思是“随着……”
(2)as作“因为,由于”讲,引导原因状语从句。
(3)as作“虽然,即使”讲,引导让步状语从句,从句用倒装结构。
Child as he was, he knew what the right thing to do.
(4) as作“按照……”讲,引导方式状语从句。
(5) as作“和……一样”讲,用于as/so...as...结构中,引导比较状语从句,从句常用省略形式。
(6) as 作“正如”讲,引导非限制性定语从句。
As we all know, ... 众所周知
As we can see, ... 我们可以看到
As is often the case, ... 这是常有的事
As an old saying goes, ... 正如一句老话所言
As is shown in the picture, ... 如图所示
As is mentioned above, ...如上所述
As was expected 不出所料,照预料一样
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