2026年上海市民办华育中学中考英语新题型翻译系列07：否定转移&语篇翻译讲义

2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列07：否定转移&语篇翻译 学生版 第一部分 一、否定转移 否定转移是英语语法中的特殊现象，指形式上否定主句谓语，实际否定从句或其他成分‌。中考翻译中需特别注意以下类型： 1.动词think/believe等后的宾语从句否定转移 结构：主句否定（I don't think）+ 从句肯定（he will come） 例句：_____________________________________. 译文：我认为她并不理解规则。‌ 2.系动词seem/appear后的否定转移 结构：主句否定（It doesn't seem）+ 从句肯定（they know） 例句：_____________________________________. 译文：看来我们不需要更多时间‌ 3.状语或从句的否定转移 结构：否定状语（not because）或时间状语（not many weeks） 例句：_____________________________________. 译文：他大声说话并非因为生气。‌ 4.含隐性否定逻辑的连词（too...to, rather than等） 结构：通过连词表达否定含义 例句：_____________________________________. 译文：她宁愿留下也不愿跟他走。 二、否定转移的翻译 例句1：我认为他不可能通过这次考试。 译文：_____________________________________. 例句2：我相信他不会对老人那么无礼说话。 译文：_____________________________________。 解题策略： 当主句部分是“I don’t think” ，“I don’t believe”，“I don’t suppose” 等结构时，翻译成汉语时， 要注意否定转移。 第二部分 语篇翻译例题与教学指导 例题1（校园生活类） 原文： "The Fun Club, where students learn cooking skills through interactive games, has become the most popular extracurricular activity this semester. As one member said, 'It turns dull recipes into exciting challenges.'" 参考译文：__________________________________________________________________________。 教学要点： 定语从句处理："where..."转换为中文前置定语。 引语灵活转译：直接引语改为冒号引导的间接叙述。 例题2（社会文化类） 原文：Shanghai's ‘5-minute Community Life Circle’ initiative ensures residents access daily necessities within a quarter-hour walk, reflecting urban planners' people-oriented philosophy. 参考译文：__________________________________________________________________________。 教学要点： 专有名词统一译法："15-minute Community Life Circle"固定译名 现在分词转换："reflecting..."译为独立短句 例题3（科技环保类） 原文：Scientists warn that unless global carbon emissions peak by 2025, the 1.5°C temperature control target set in the Paris Agreement will be unattainable. 参考译文：__________________________________________________________________________。 教学要点： 条件状语从句显性化："unless..."译为"除非...否则"结构 被动语态转换："will be unattainable"主动式表达 第三部分 语篇翻译专练 Passage 1 Some people have to use public transport. Some dislike it and still some use it. 1.If everyone has a car and drives anywhere they want to go, there will be serious traffic problems on the road. Luckily, trains are a good form of public transport. British people use trains a lot. 2.This is especially so for people who are travelling from London to Paris. Every day about 20 trains leave London. They travel at a very high speed and people feel glad that the trains take only 2 hours and 30 minutes to reach Paris. 3.坐火车比乘公共汽车或汽车快得多。This is because people have to drive cars or buses very carefully and slowly for many reasons, such as speed limits and traffic jams. However, when you are travelling by train, the speed is almost the same and there is no traffic jam for a train. Besides, Londoners think taking a train is one of the safest ways of travelling on the ground. 4.火车在制造过程中进行了相当多的质量测试。More importantly, they will take many safety checks before they are used on the rail track. What's more, trains in Britain are comfortable and provide fine services for their users. 5.When you are on a London train, you will find that the train has comfortable tables and seats where people can sit.They also provide food services and power plugs(电源插头) for personal computers or mobile phones. 1.______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 Each culture has its own taboos（禁忌）.Wherever you travel, never offend（冒犯）the local people. In France, you must speak French. Don't expect to communicate by speaking English. 1.法国人以他们的语言为荣。They don't like speaking another language instead of French at home. Don't rush while eating. 2.If you eat your food quickly, French people will think you are impolite. The French also take great pride in their food, so enjoy what you eat. 3.众所周知，法国午餐要持续三个小时！ In Russia, you should leave home without a credit card: you probably won't find any places where you can use your credit card. Cash is the king. 4. If you bring someone flowers, you should make sure the bouquets（花束）have an odd（奇数的）number. Even（偶数的）numbered bouquets are prepared for dead people. In India, don't complain about the food. You can just leave the food that you dislike, but don't offend the people who serve you food. 5.Also people usually don't talk while eating in India. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 Every year on 15th October,over 200 million people around the world take part in Global Handwashing Day. 1.But why do we have a day for something we do all the time? Well, research shows that not enough people often wash their hands with soap. 2.Experts believe that this leads to the deaths of millions of people every year. Sidibe, a public health expert says soap is ‘the most beautiful invention in public health’ .3.用肥皂洗你的手可以减少疾病的传播 。 However, washing hands with soap does not happen as often as you might think. This is partly because there aren't enough resources（资源）in poorer countries, but it's also because for many people, handwashing is simply not part of their everyday life. 4.要让人们改变他们小时候学到的习惯是不容易的。But this is what Global Handwashing Day wants to do. In 2008, the Indian cricket team joined around 100 million Indian schoolchildren in washing their hands to promote（促进）the first ever Global Handwashing Day. Every year since then, many different events have been held around the world. In 2014, Global Handwashing Day was used in the fight against Ebola, a very serious disease, with events held in affected（受感染的）African countries. 5. Today, local and national leaders continue to use the day to spread the importance of cleaning hands. The hope is that handwashing becomes a necessary part of people's lives and improves the health of millions around the world. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 If you plan to travel,please think about Todmorden.A small town in England is teaching the world how important it is to grow your own food.1.任何空地都用来种植水果和蔬菜。There are apples, pears, peaches here and there. Everyone can pick them for free. Eight years ago,a woman named Pam in Todmorden dug up her rose garden.She planted vegetables, knocked down the garden wall, and put up a sign saying, “Help yourself!” Today, Pam has completely changed the town.2.A new town has been born,which is called “Edible (可食用的) Todmorden”. Pam explained why she came up with the popular idea.“It's possible and positive.3.Many people know we have to change, but how to do that is a question.” So one day, she gathered（聚集）all the villagers together. 4.他们决定立刻做些不同的事 。They did it.Only a short time later,Todmorden became a big garden full of fruit and vegetables.In Todmorden, there is a saying: If you want to eat, you're in. But that's not all. There are more than 700 edible towns appearing around the world, from Canada to Mali.5.People change the way they think about food and protect the environment at the same time. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 5 Now, we know that if we do not get enough vitamins, we are at risk of developing a number of diseases. 1. As a result, vitamin supplements (补品) are popular with people who worry that they are not getting enough vitamins from the food. But medical experts have found small amount of them do nothing to improve health or protect against diseases. In fact, medical experts warn that taking too many of some vitamins can be harmful. For example, too much vitamin E can cause bleeding. 2.People should discuss what vitamins they take with their doctors. As some vitamins can produce harmful side effects (副作用) when mixed with medicine. Experts, however, say that sometimes vitamins can help prevent diseases. 3.知道自己缺乏一种特殊维生素的人应该服用维生素补品。Some older adults, for example, may not have enough vitamin B-twelve. This is because, as people get older, the body loses its ability to take it from food. Also, people who spend much time inside may need some extra vitamin D as the body makes this vitamin from sunlight. 4.不同的维生素被发现在不同的食物中。In fact, for most people, a balanced diet can reach enough of the vitamins our bodies need. 5.So, it is important for us to eat a mixture of food every day to make sure that we get enough vitamins. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 6 According to China Daily, Shanghai Jiao Tong University has carried out the experimental operation of the driver-less minibus in Xuhui campus recently. 1.The report said that the eight seat bus was to be used for campus service. Since May 2nd, the buses have safely transported more than 1,000 passengers at the highest speed of 15 kilometers per hour. . It was developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and a company that researches the automatic（自动的）driving system. 2.Under the guidance of the cloud map, the bus can catch the passengers and take them to the station they choose. Passengers need to pay by scanning the QR code（扫描二维码）on the bus. 3.徐汇校区内有四个站点。In the bus, passengers can use the touch screen or the voice system to change the destination. 4.这辆公共汽车不仅在天气晴朗的时候运转良好。It even can normally work when it rains or snows. What's more, it is also good for the environment. It uses electricity instead of oil. The charging（充电）of five to six hours will ensure（确保）a whole day's operation. The driver-less bus will make our life more convenient and easier. 5.There is no doubt that they will appear in more and more cities. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 7 Do you dream of growing up quickly so you can spend your own money? Do you want to make some money by yourselves? Collect soft drink cans(罐). 1.你可以把饮料罐卖掉，用钱买一个新篮球上 。 At the same time, you'll be keeping the environment clean! Sell used books. 2. You may have some books that you have read but you don't want to keep. Then you can sell them to make money. Make cards. 3. If you are good at drawing, try making special cards for birthdays, either by hand or with a computer. Your friends may want them for special days. 4.如果你们双方都同意的话，你可以低价卖给他们 。 Be a teacher. Want to be a teacher in the future? Start practicing now. Are you good at math or reading, or playing musical instruments? 5. You can teach younger children how to get better grades or give them music lessons. What are you good at? What do you like to do? Make sure it's safe and legal(合法的). 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 8 We often have practice for a fire at school, and we all know the danger of fires. 1.因此，对于一个家庭来说，学习如何为火灾做准备是很有必要的 。Here are some suggestions. Put a smoke alarm（警报）in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. 2. The alarm makes a loud sound, which tells everyone to leave the house at once. Make escape plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire,everyone follows the plan to get out. 3.该计划的一部分是检查所有的窗口，以确保它们可以被轻松地打开 。 Buy fire extinguishers （灭火器） and put them in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them. Practice for a fire. 4.We do fire practice because we teach children some things about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules: ★Don't open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door. ★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises. ★5.What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Don't run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready for a fire all the time. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 9 People can't see you when you're speaking on the phone, but they can hear you.1.所以，你说话的方式尤其重要。In fact, researchers have found that 80% of communication over the phone is through your tone （语气） of voice; and only 20% is from the words you use. 2. Here are some tips on how to speak over the phone. Volume（音量） 3.If you speak too loudly, you could sound angry. And if you speak too softly, it'll be difficult to hear you. So, speak loudly enough to be heard clearly, but not so loud that you're shouting. Pace（步调） 4.试着说得比平时慢一点。This will make you sound confident, and it'll make it easier for the other person to understand you. Movement If you're feeling nervous, stand up and move around. 5. It will reduce the nervousness in your body and help your voice to sound more confident. Pauses（停顿） Using pauses every now and then can help you to slow down. This will make you sound more confident and in control. Also, if you pause after giving some new information, it'll give the other person time to understand it. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 10 Is there anything worse than that? You bravely raise your hand to answer a question, but your teacher just point out that you're wrong.1.太遗憾了！What could the teacher make you suffer(忍受)this? 2.反而要放松并信任你的老师。Your teacher isn't calling you out to humiliate(使丢脸)you, but care about you and your education. Having all your classmates come to know your weak points can be pretty hard. 3. So how can you get past the shame and realize class participation（参与）as a learning chance? Practice,practice,practice. Terrill Schumaker, a teacher, explains that “the more you speak out, the more you learn how to grow and build confidence. Then you can live an exciting life.” Realize it's not a big deal. It's not the end of the world. People aren't going to care all that much. 4. “If I'm wrong or make a stupid point, then people laugh at me, but life moves on.” says Greade 12 Kristen Wesenberg. Besides, everybody makes mistakes, and you can't be perfect all the time. Be brave in class.Of course it takes courage(勇气), but what's the point of living in fear? You won't learn anything if you are not brave enough. Use the experience as a learning tool. 5. Wesenberg advises asking teachers why you're wrong. They can explain and you can learn. Use class time as mini-test. If you're wrong now, at least you won't be wrong in your next test! 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 11 A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier.1. A confident man will try his best to achieve his goal again and again rather than give up. In addition, a confident man usually brings some positive(积极的) influence on the people in a team. Confidence means that you believe you can make it. But how to be more confident? Here are some suggestions: Speak loud 2. You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more confident. Play sports 3.强壮的身体有助于你充满自信 。Taking up a sports game, such as ball games, swimming, hiking or any other exercise will bring you unexpected surprise. Encourage yourself You can encourage yourself by writing down a list of things you did during the day and checking later. Pick up a hobby 4.如果你喜欢唱歌， 尽可能多地唱歌 。In some ways, a hobby can make you outstanding. And it will make you happy and confident. Remember no one is perfect Even the most confident people can not do everything well. At some point in any of our lives, we may feel we are short of something. 5. So it is important for us to realize that we can not be perfect. We are improving ourselves all the time, though. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 12 Setting clear house rules makes it easier for your children to do well. There are some suggestions for you. Keep the list of rules simple 1. Avoid coming up with a long set of rules or trying to cover everything. Instead, keep the list short and simple. 2.你也应该解释每条规则的含义和惩罚。 Use positive language 3. Let your rules teach your kids what you want them to do, rather than what you don't want them to do. For example: Instead of “Don't call other people's names.”, try “Be kind to others.”, Instead of “Don't run in the house.”, try “Walk in the house.” . Let your kids help you write the rules 4.你对规则有一些清晰的想法。However, giving kids a chance to take part in writing a list of rules is also important. Respecting your kids' ideas will increase their willingness(乐意) to follow the rules. Mention your family rules often 5. Especially with your children, you should often review the rules. Repeating the rules will help your kids remember them and use them in different situations. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 13 Some students say English is difficult, but I think it is very easy for me. 1.我很高兴告诉你一些关于我如何学习英语的事情。 First, I think interest for English is the most important thing in learning English. 2. When I began to learn English, it was fresh for me. I was interested in it, so I worked hard at it. Soon we had an English exam and I got very good grades. After that I learned English harder and harder. Second, English is a foreign language, so I learn it well in the following ways: Listen to the teacher carefully, speak bravely, read aloud and remember vocabularies. Then practice again and again. And I also have a good habit:3.Asking for help whenever I have a question, and I will try my best to understand it well. Besides, I often read English articles, jokes and easy novels. 4.他们帮助我很好地理解了一些词的含义。And I also write diaries in English every day. 5.I think it is very useful in improving my English writing. English has become a close friend of mine. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 14 During my sixth grade year, I had everything getting on well with me. I was the leader of the students' union and two sports teams. I also had amazing grades and some great friends. 1.One day, my parents told me that my whole family was moving to Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚）. I was shocked then.Upon thinking of it, I felt an ache in my heart. I was sure that leaving Virginia and starting over in a new place would be the death of me. On the last day of school, I burst into tears.2.All the sweet memories of my friends appeared in my mind. I felt sad to part with them and I would miss them soon. That summer in Pennsylvania, 3.我遇到了安娜，她是一个对我的生活影响很大的女孩。She could hear my thought and truly understand me. But the friends in Virginia didn't even try to stay in touch with me. 4.我从来没有收到过他们中的任何人的消息 。And I never wrote to them as well.Gradually, I stopped missing them.Comparing with what I've had now, the life in my old school seems to be nothing important.5.I am happier than ever because I have more new good friends like Anna. Today I am glad that I have made the change in my life because it has improved my life. Maybe you don't want to change, but sometimes changes are for the better. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 15 In an English class, our teacher, Mrs. Bartlett asked us to make a poster (海报) in groups about the culture that we were studying. 1. She told us to write the names of three friends who we wanted in one group. She would think about our choices. The next day, I was told to be in a group I would never want—the boy who was too weak in English, and the two girls who wore strange clothes. Oh, how I wanted to be with my friends! With tears in my eyes, I walked up to Mrs. Bartlett. 2. She looked at me and seemed to know what I was there for. I told her I should be in the “good” group. She gently put a hand on my shoulder(肩膀). “I know what you want, Karma,” she said, “but your group needs you. 3.我需要你帮助他们 。Only you can help them.” I was surprised and moved. Her words encouraged me. “Will you help them?” she asked. “Yes,” I replied. Then I bravely walked over to my group. I sat down and we started. Each of us did a part according to our interests. Halfway through the week, I felt myself enjoying our group.4.我们一起做得很好。Nobody except Mrs. Bartlett had believed in our group. Amazingly, our group got an A. But I think we should hand the A back to Mrs. Bartlett. 5. She was the one who should truly receive it. Mrs. Bartlett brought out the potential (潜能) in four of her students. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 16 When I was in primary school, I was too weak in French to pass the exam. I often got an “E” or “F” on my papers. 1.我的同学经常在课堂上嘲笑我 。I often felt sad but could not do anything. But later, a French speech contest changed my life. 2.这也改变了我对每件事的看法 。It was a Wednesday afternoon. My father asked me to take part in a French speech contest. It was a terrible idea! My French grades were always bad. “Don't worry, my son. Believe in yourself and you're sure to win the contest.” 3.With my father's encouragement, I accepted his offer.After that my father and I chose a right topic. Then I practiced hard at it. I spent a lot of my spare time practicing it again and again in order not to miss a word. Finally, it turned out that my speech was successful. When my French teacher gave me a call and told me I got the first prize, I could hardly believe my ears. 4.And my father was so excited that he couldn't say a word. Then everything has changed. 5.When I do anything, I always believe in myself and try my best to do it well. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 17 At present, almost everyone has a mobile phone, but have you ever thought that cell phones might be bad for your health? 1. A study shows that heavy mobile phone use may cause hearing loss(失聪). This study shows that people who use cell phones for about an hour a day have a harder time hearing some similar sounds, especially in their right ears. 2.It is getting harder for them to tell the difference between the sounds of “s”and “f”, and “t”and “z” . Researchers studied 100 people who used cell phones and compared them with 50 people who did not. 3.这项研究持续了12个月。What the researchers found was that cell phone users had more hearing problems than those who did not. Besides this, our ears have many little hairs inside them. Too much noise will cause these hairs to get weak and finally die. 4.When these hairs die, it affects our ability to listen. However, cell phone users don't care too much about this study. One man said “5.我会更担心使用iPad的人。They put those earphones in their ears and listen to very loud music. I think that is more likely to cause hearing loss than a cell phone.” 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 18 In the modern society, more and more people feel anxious. But life is short, and you have to make the most of it. Has anybody ever told you that? Maybe they just said “YOLO” to you instead. It means “You Only Live Once”, and it's a very popular sentence so quite a lot of people know it very well. 1. Having a YOLO mind means that you make the most of every day. It means you enjoy your life, because you only get one. Someone who has a YOLO mind is always open to new and fun activities. 2.That makes you become an active person. Now, thanks to a US study, YOLO might be more than just a popular saying. A study found it might be healthier to have a YOLO attitude! A research team did an experiment with two groups of students from different US universities. One group were told there were only 30 days left before they moved to a new city. 3.他们做了很多活动，并且花时间和他们爱的人在一起。In other words, they had a YOLO lifestyle. 4.另一组人继续过着正常的生活。 At the end of the experiment, the students did a survey to find out how happy they were. 5. It showed that the first group was much happier. “ But anyway, people should live a happy life. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 19 We know that it's important to give people a gift, especially a personal one. 1. If we are going to give gifts to others, we should first try to find out what they like and dislike. That is called “art of giving” . 2. Some little kids think they don't get enough gifts while some old people think they get too many gifts. Different people like different kinds of gifts. For example, a little boy can make his mother very happy just by giving her a leaf as a gift. 3. 赠送礼物在不同的国家是不同的。Here are some of their likes. In Canada, a tree can help remember a person. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts. In Sweden, doing something for someone or paying a visit to the elder is the best gift. 4.人们不需要花费任何钱。Different people have different thoughts on this subject! 5. Maybe the art of giving is difficult! 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ Passage 20 The world culture includes not only the customs of our society, its art, music, but also everyday activities. 1.文化给予我们在社会中的归属感。So the losing of one's culture is alarming. 2. Many people believe that their traditional ways of life are under threat(威胁). Yet for some, the losing of culture is a natural result of globalization(全球化) and progress. So is the globalization of culture a threat or a chance? 3. Those who see globalization as a threat argue that societies are losing special parts of their cultures. For example, Omotik, a language spoken in East Africa, has only 50 live speakers. There are also increasing fears in China, where the losing of musical and dance traditions, as well as traditional crafts, is causing concern to many. Some argue that it is hard to find differences between London and Tokyo. 4.另一些关注全球化的优势。They accept that Western culture is spreading, but they also point to how Western countries and many other parts of the world are being shown to world cultures. Many argue that there are advantages to these cross-cultural（跨文化的）exchanges and that they lead to better understandings between cultures. They say world traditions are celebrated more widely because of these. 5.Anyway, many organizations and governments are making efforts (努力) to protect their cultures. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5.______________________________________________________________________ 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年上海市华育中考英语新题型翻译系列07：否定转移&语篇翻译 教师版 第一部分 一、否定转移 否定转移是英语语法中的特殊现象，指形式上否定主句谓语，实际否定从句或其他成分‌。中考翻译中需特别注意以下类型： 1.动词think/believe等后的宾语从句否定转移 结构：主句否定（I don't think）+ 从句肯定（he will come） 例句：I don't believe she understands the rules. 译文：我认为她并不理解规则。‌ 2.系动词seem/appear后的否定转移 结构：主句否定（It doesn't seem）+ 从句肯定（they know） 例句：It doesn't appear that we need more time. 译文：看来我们不需要更多时间‌ 3.状语或从句的否定转移 结构：否定状语（not because）或时间状语（not many weeks） 例句：He didn't speak loudly because he was angry. 译文：他大声说话并非因为生气。‌ 4.含隐性否定逻辑的连词（too...to, rather than等） 结构：通过连词表达否定含义 例句：She would rather stay than go with him. 译文：她宁愿留下也不愿跟他走。 二、否定转移的翻译 例句1：我认为他不可能通过这次考试。 译文：I don’t think he can pass the exam. 例句2：我相信他不会对老人那么无礼说话。 译文：I don't believe that he can speak to the old so impolitely。 解题策略： 当主句部分是“I don’t think” ，“I don’t believe”，“I don’t suppose” 等结构时， 翻译成汉语时， 要注意否定转移。 第二部分 语篇翻译例题与教学指导 例题1（校园生活类） 原文： "The Fun Club, where students learn cooking skills through interactive games, has become the most popular extracurricular activity this semester. As one member said, 'It turns dull recipes into exciting challenges.'" 参考译文：本学期，通过互动游戏教授烹饪技巧的'趣味俱乐部'已成为最受欢迎的课外活动。正如一名成员所说：'它把枯燥的菜谱变成了激动人心的挑战'。 教学要点： 定语从句处理："where..."转换为中文前置定语。 引语灵活转译：直接引语改为冒号引导的间接叙述。 例题2（社会文化类） 原文：Shanghai's ‘5-minute Community Life Circle’ initiative ensures residents access daily necessities within a quarter-hour walk, reflecting urban planners' people-oriented philosophy. 参考译文：上海推行的'15分钟社区生活圈'计划确保居民步行15分钟内获取日常所需，体现了城市规划者以人为本的理念。 教学要点： 专有名词统一译法："15-minute Community Life Circle"固定译名 现在分词转换："reflecting..."译为独立短句 例题3（科技环保类） 原文：Scientists warn that unless global carbon emissions peak by 2025, the 1.5°C temperature control target set in the Paris Agreement will be unattainable. 参考译文：科学家警告，除非全球碳排放量在2025年前达到峰值，否则《巴黎协定》设定的1.5摄氏度温控目标将无法实现。 教学要点： 条件状语从句显性化："unless..."译为"除非...否则"结构 被动语态转换："will be unattainable"主动式表达 第三部分 语篇翻译专练 Passage 1 Some people have to use public transport. Some dislike it and still some use it. 1.If everyone has a car and drives anywhere they want to go, there will be serious traffic problems on the road. Luckily, trains are a good form of public transport. British people use trains a lot. 2.This is especially so for people who are travelling from London to Paris. Every day about 20 trains leave London. They travel at a very high speed and people feel glad that the trains take only 2 hours and 30 minutes to reach Paris. 3.坐火车比乘公共汽车或汽车快得多。This is because people have to drive cars or buses very carefully and slowly for many reasons, such as speed limits and traffic jams. However, when you are travelling by train, the speed is almost the same and there is no traffic jam for a train. Besides, Londoners think taking a train is one of the safest ways of travelling on the ground. 4.火车在制造过程中进行了相当多的质量测试。More importantly, they will take many safety checks before they are used on the rail track. What's more, trains in Britain are comfortable and provide fine services for their users. 5.When you are on a London train, you will find that the train has comfortable tables and seats where people can sit.They also provide food services and power plugs(电源插头) for personal computers or mobile phones. 1.______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国人经常使用火车作为他们的交通工具，因为他们认为火车是最安全的陆上交通，而且伦敦的火车提供了非常舒服的座位和优质的服务。 1.如果每个人都有一辆车，并且开车他们想去的任何地方，道路上就会出现严重的交通问题。 【解析】这是一个条件状语从句，主句是“there will be serious traffic problems on the road”，从句是“If everyone has a car and drives anywhere they want to go”，遵循“主将从现”原则。 2.对于从伦敦到巴黎旅行的人来说尤其如此.【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是people，后面由who引导定语从句。 3.It's much faster to travel by train than by bus or by car. 【解析】本句是一个固定句型“it's+adj.+ to do sth.” 。句中涉及比较级需用than；比 … …快：faster。 4.Trains take quite a number of quality tests while they are made. 【解析】这是一个由while引导的时间状语从句。主句中“Trains”为主语，“take”为句子的谓语动词，“quite a number of”作定语修饰“quality tests”，while 引导从句。 5.当你在伦敦火车上时，你会发现火车上有舒适的桌子和座位，人们可以坐在那里。 【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的时间状语从句。从句是“When you are on a London train”主句是“you will find that the train has comfortable tables and seats where people can sit”；在主句中又含有一个定语从句， 先行词是 tables and seats， 后面由 where引导定语从句。 Passage 2 Each culture has its own taboos（禁忌）.Wherever you travel, never offend（冒犯）the local people. In France, you must speak French. Don't expect to communicate by speaking English. 1.法国人以他们的语言为荣。They don't like speaking another language instead of French at home. Don't rush while eating. 2.If you eat your food quickly, French people will think you are impolite. The French also take great pride in their food, so enjoy what you eat. 3.众所周知，法国午餐要持续三个小时！ In Russia, you should leave home without a credit card: you probably won't find any places where you can use your credit card. Cash is the king. 4. If you bring someone flowers, you should make sure the bouquets（花束）have an odd（奇数的）number. Even（偶数的）numbered bouquets are prepared for dead people. In India, don't complain about the food. You can just leave the food that you dislike, but don't offend the people who serve you food. 5.Also people usually don't talk while eating in India. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇说明文 。主要介绍了在法国、俄罗斯和印度这三个国家的文化禁忌。 1. The French are proud of their language.【解析】这是一个简单句。以 … …为荣：be proud of。 2. 如果你吃得快， 法国人会认为你不礼貌 。【解析】 这是一个条件状语从句， 主句是 “French people will think you are impolite”， 从句是“If you eat your food quickly”。 3. French lunches are known to last for three hours long!【解析】 这是一个含有固定搭配的简单句 。众所周知：be known to...； 持续： last for。 4.如果你给别人送花， 你应该确保花束是奇数 。【解析】 这是一个条件状语从句， 主句是“you should make sure the bouquets（花束）have an odd（奇数的）number.” 从句是“If you bring someone flowers” make sure确保。 5.此外，在印度，人们吃饭时通常不说话【解析】这是一个while引导的时间状语从句。 Passage 3 Every year on 15th October,over 200 million people around the world take part in Global Handwashing Day. 1.But why do we have a day for something we do all the time? Well, research shows that not enough people often wash their hands with soap. 2.Experts believe that this leads to the deaths of millions of people every year. Sidibe, a public health expert says soap is ‘the most beautiful invention in public health’ .3.用肥皂洗你的手可以减少疾病的传播 。 However, washing hands with soap does not happen as often as you might think. This is partly because there aren't enough resources（资源）in poorer countries, but it's also because for many people, handwashing is simply not part of their everyday life. 4.要让人们改变他们小时候学到的习惯是不容易的。But this is what Global Handwashing Day wants to do. In 2008, the Indian cricket team joined around 100 million Indian schoolchildren in washing their hands to promote（促进）the first ever Global Handwashing Day. Every year since then, many different events have been held around the world. In 2014, Global Handwashing Day was used in the fight against Ebola, a very serious disease, with events held in affected（受感染的）African countries. 5. Today, local and national leaders continue to use the day to spread the importance of cleaning hands. The hope is that handwashing becomes a necessary part of people's lives and improves the health of millions around the world. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇说明文 。主要介绍了每年十月十五日是洗手日 。进 而介绍了用肥皂洗手的重要性， 让更多的人学会用肥皂洗手。 1.但是为什么我们用一天的时间去做我们一直在做的事情呢？【解析】这是一个定语 从句， 先行词为 something， 后面的句子“we do all the time”为省略了 that 的从句。 2.专家认为，这导致每年数百万人死亡。【解析】这是一个宾语从句。“that this leads to the deaths of millions of people every year.”作谓语动词 believe 的宾语。 3.Washing your hands with soap can reduce the spreading of diseases.【解析】这是一个简单句， 非谓语动词做主语 。减少： reduce， 疾病的传播： the spreading of diseases。 4. It's not easy for people to change habits they learned in early childhood.【解析】这是一个固定句型“it's + adj. + to do sth.” 。小时候： in early childhood； 习惯： habits。 5.今天，地方和国家领导人继续利用这一天来宣传洗手的重要性 。【解析】这是一个简单句 。主语为： local and national leaders； 谓语为： use； 宾语为： the day， 宾语补足语为： to spread the importance of cleaning hands 。local： 当地的。 Passage 4 If you plan to travel,please think about Todmorden.A small town in England is teaching the world how important it is to grow your own food.1.任何空地都用来种植水果和蔬菜。There are apples, pears, peaches here and there. Everyone can pick them for free. Eight years ago,a woman named Pam in Todmorden dug up her rose garden.She planted vegetables, knocked down the garden wall, and put up a sign saying, “Help yourself!” Today, Pam has completely changed the town.2.A new town has been born,which is called “Edible (可食用的) Todmorden”. Pam explained why she came up with the popular idea.“It's possible and positive.3.Many people know we have to change, but how to do that is a question.” So one day, she gathered（聚集）all the villagers together. 4.他们决定立刻做些不同的事 。They did it.Only a short time later,Todmorden became a big garden full of fruit and vegetables.In Todmorden, there is a saying: If you want to eat, you're in. But that's not all. There are more than 700 edible towns appearing around the world, from Canada to Mali.5.People change the way they think about food and protect the environment at the same time. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇说明文 。介绍了一个能吃的小镇——“托德莫登” 。它是由 Pam 女士发起并建立，并且以“你想吃，你就进”作为座右铭 。这不仅对世界各 地起到了积极的带头作用，而且对保护环境也是意义非凡。 1.Any open space is used to grow fruit and vegetables.【解析】这是一个简单句 。被用来 做某事： be used to do sth.。 2.一个新的城镇诞生了，叫做“可食用的Todmorden” 。【解析】 这是一个定语从句，先行词为town,后面是which引导的定语从句。 3.许多人知道我们必须改变，但如何改变是一个问题 。【解析】 这是一个宾语从句，主语： many people谓语 know；宾语we have to change 。 句子的后半部分是 but 连接的一个简单句，表示转折。 4. They decided to do something different at once.【解析】这是一个简单句。决定decide to不同的different 立即at once。 5.人们改变了对食物的看法，同时也保护了环境 。【解析】这是由并列连词and连接起来的两个句子 。第一个句子是定语从句， 先行词为way， 后面是省略了that的一个定语从句。think about 考虑； protect保护。 Passage 5 Now, we know that if we do not get enough vitamins, we are at risk of developing a number of diseases. 1. As a result, vitamin supplements (补品) are popular with people who worry that they are not getting enough vitamins from the food. But medical experts have found small amount of them do nothing to improve health or protect against diseases. In fact, medical experts warn that taking too many of some vitamins can be harmful. For example, too much vitamin E can cause bleeding. 2.People should discuss what vitamins they take with their doctors. As some vitamins can produce harmful side effects (副作用) when mixed with medicine. Experts, however, say that sometimes vitamins can help prevent diseases. 3.知道自己缺乏一种特殊维生素的人应该服用维生素补品。Some older adults, for example, may not have enough vitamin B-twelve. This is because, as people get older, the body loses its ability to take it from food. Also, people who spend much time inside may need some extra vitamin D as the body makes this vitamin from sunlight. 4.不同的维生素被发现在不同的食物中。In fact, for most people, a balanced diet can reach enough of the vitamins our bodies need. 5.So, it is important for us to eat a mixture of food every day to make sure that we get enough vitamins. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文 。文章介绍了人们是否需要吃维生素补品， 以及在吃维生素补品之前， 应先咨询医生，也介绍了各种维生素分别存在于哪些食物中。 1.因此， 维生素补品很受那些担心从食物中得不到足够的维生素的人们的欢迎 。【解 析】 这是一个含有宾语从句的定语从句 。先行词为 people， 后面是 who 引导的定语 从句 。在定语从句中， 含有一个 that 引导的宾语从句， 作谓语动词worry 的宾语。 2.人们应该和他们的医生讨论吃什么维生素 。【解析】 这是一个宾语从句 。 主语为 People； 谓语为 should discuss；宾语为what引导的从句。 3. People who know they are short of a special vitamin should take vitamin supplements. 【解析】这是一个定语从句， 先行词为 people， 后面是 who 引导的一个定语从句 。缺乏： be short of。 4.Different vitamins are found in different foods.【解析】这是一个简单句 。被发现： be found。 5.因此，每天吃混合食物， 以确保我们获得足够的维生素对我们来说很重要 。【解析】 这个句子前半部分是句型“it's + adj. + to do sth.”； 后半部分是目的状语 。make sure确保。 Passage 6 According to China Daily, Shanghai Jiao Tong University has carried out the experimental operation of the driver-less minibus in Xuhui campus recently. 1.The report said that the eight seat bus was to be used for campus service. Since May 2nd, the buses have safely transported more than 1,000 passengers at the highest speed of 15 kilometers per hour. . It was developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and a company that researches the automatic（自动的）driving system. 2.Under the guidance of the cloud map, the bus can catch the passengers and take them to the station they choose. Passengers need to pay by scanning the QR code（扫描二维码）on the bus. 3.徐汇校区内有四个站点。In the bus, passengers can use the touch screen or the voice system to change the destination. 4.这辆公共汽车不仅在天气晴朗的时候运转良好。It even can normally work when it rains or snows. What's more, it is also good for the environment. It uses electricity instead of oil. The charging（充电）of five to six hours will ensure（确保）a whole day's operation. The driver-less bus will make our life more convenient and easier. 5.There is no doubt that they will appear in more and more cities. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文 。介绍了上海交通大学徐汇校区试行无人驾 驶巴士这一消息及无人巴士的运行模式。 1. 报告说，八个座位的巴士将用于校园服务。【解析】这是一个宾语从句，主语为 report； 谓语为 said， that 引导的句子作 said 的宾语 。be used for 用于 … …。 2.在云地图的引导下，公共汽车可以接到乘客并把他们带到他们选择的车站 。【解析】 guidance 引导； cloud map 云地图； take sb. to the station 带某人到某个车站。 3. There are four stops in the Xuhui campus.【解析】这是一个there be 句型。遵循主将从现原则 。站点：stop。 4. The bus not only works well on fine days【解析】work well： 工作状况良好. 晴朗的天气fine day。 5.毫无疑问， 它们将在越来越多的城市出现 。【解析】 no doubt 毫无疑问的； appear 出现； more and more 越来越 … …。 Passage 7 Do you dream of growing up quickly so you can spend your own money? Do you want to make some money by yourselves? Collect soft drink cans(罐). 1.你可以把饮料罐卖掉，用钱买一个新篮球上 。 At the same time, you'll be keeping the environment clean! Sell used books. 2. You may have some books that you have read but you don't want to keep. Then you can sell them to make money. Make cards. 3. If you are good at drawing, try making special cards for birthdays, either by hand or with a computer. Your friends may want them for special days. 4.如果你们双方都同意的话，你可以低价卖给他们 。 Be a teacher. Want to be a teacher in the future? Start practicing now. Are you good at math or reading, or playing musical instruments? 5. You can teach younger children how to get better grades or give them music lessons. What are you good at? What do you like to do? Make sure it's safe and legal(合法的). 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文就如何自己挣钱提出了几点建议。 1.You can sell the cans and use the money for a new basketball.【解析】这是一个简单句，用钱买篮球： use the money for a new basketball。 2.你可能有一些你读过的书， 但你不想保留了 。【解析】 这是一个定语从句， 先行词为 some books后面为that引导的定语从句。 3.如果你擅长绘画， 试着为生日制作特别卡片， 无论是用手还是用电脑 。【解析】 本 句为 if 引导的条件状语从句 。 从句为“ If you are good at drawing”； 主句为“try making special cards for birthdays, either by hand or with a computer.”。 4. You can sell them your cards at a low price if both of you agree.【解析】这是一个条件 状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则 。低价： at a low price。 5.你可以教年幼的孩子如何取得更好的成绩或给他们上音乐课 。【解析】 这是一个含 有宾语补足语的简单句 。主语为 you， 谓语为 teach 和 give， 宾语为 younger children， 宾语补足语为“ how to get better grades”和“them music lessons”。 Passage 8 We often have practice for a fire at school, and we all know the danger of fires. 1.因此，对于一个家庭来说，学习如何为火灾做准备是很有必要的 。Here are some suggestions. Put a smoke alarm（警报）in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. 2. The alarm makes a loud sound, which tells everyone to leave the house at once. Make escape plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire,everyone follows the plan to get out. 3.该计划的一部分是检查所有的窗口，以确保它们可以被轻松地打开 。 Buy fire extinguishers （灭火器） and put them in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them. Practice for a fire. 4.We do fire practice because we teach children some things about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules: ★Don't open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door. ★Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises. ★5.What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! Don't run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready for a fire all the time. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇说明文 。介绍了预防火灾的建议以及火灾发生时应 遵循的规则。 1. So it's necessary for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire.【解析】本句是一个固定 句型“it's + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”； 为火灾做准备： prepare for a fire。 2.警报发出响亮的声音， 让每个人立刻离开房子 。【解析】 本句是一个定语从句。先行词为sound， 后面为 which 引导的定语从句。 3. Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.【解析】本句是一个简单句，属于主系表结构， “ to make sure they can be opened easily”属于目的状语 。检查：check； 确保：make sure。 4.我们做防火练习是因为我们教孩子一些关于消防安全的东西 。【解析】 本句是一个原因状语从句。后面的从句“because we teach children some things about fire safety”表示原因。 5.如果你的头发或衣服开始燃烧， 你会怎么做？【解析】这是一个条件状语从句 。主句为“What will you do”，从句为“if your hair or clothes start to burn”。 Passage 9 People can't see you when you're speaking on the phone, but they can hear you.1.所以，你说话的方式尤其重要。In fact, researchers have found that 80% of communication over the phone is through your tone （语气） of voice; and only 20% is from the words you use. 2. Here are some tips on how to speak over the phone. Volume（音量） 3.If you speak too loudly, you could sound angry. And if you speak too softly, it'll be difficult to hear you. So, speak loudly enough to be heard clearly, but not so loud that you're shouting. Pace（步调） 4.试着说得比平时慢一点。This will make you sound confident, and it'll make it easier for the other person to understand you. Movement If you're feeling nervous, stand up and move around. 5. It will reduce the nervousness in your body and help your voice to sound more confident. Pauses（停顿） Using pauses every now and then can help you to slow down. This will make you sound more confident and in control. Also, if you pause after giving some new information, it'll give the other person time to understand it. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇说明文 。 文中提供了六条如何有效用电话沟通的建议。 1.So, the way you speak is especially important.【解析】这是一个简单句，主语为 the way you speak； 表语为：important 。尤其：especially。 2.这里有一些关于如何在电话里说话的建议 。【解析】这个是由here 引导的倒装句， here 位于句首时，后接名词时用倒装结构，how to speak是on的宾语；over the phone为介词短语， 意为“通过电话”。 3.如果你说话太大声， 你可能听起来很生气 。【解析】 这是一个条件状语从句， 主句 为： you could sound angry， 从句为：If you speak too loudly。 4.Try speaking a little more slowly than normal. 【解析】这是一个含比较级的句子 。更慢： more slowly。 5.它将减少你身体的紧张，有助于你的声音听起来更自信 。【解析】这句是一个由 and 连接两个简单句组成的句子 。reduce减少； confident自信。 Passage 10 Is there anything worse than that? You bravely raise your hand to answer a question, but your teacher just point out that you're wrong.1.太遗憾了！What could the teacher make you suffer(忍受)this? 2.反而要放松并信任你的老师。Your teacher isn't calling you out to humiliate(使丢脸)you, but care about you and your education. Having all your classmates come to know your weak points can be pretty hard. 3. So how can you get past the shame and realize class participation（参与）as a learning chance? Practice,practice,practice. Terrill Schumaker, a teacher, explains that “the more you speak out, the more you learn how to grow and build confidence. Then you can live an exciting life.” Realize it's not a big deal. It's not the end of the world. People aren't going to care all that much. 4. “If I'm wrong or make a stupid point, then people laugh at me, but life moves on.” says Greade 12 Kristen Wesenberg. Besides, everybody makes mistakes, and you can't be perfect all the time. Be brave in class.Of course it takes courage(勇气), but what's the point of living in fear? You won't learn anything if you are not brave enough. Use the experience as a learning tool. 5. Wesenberg advises asking teachers why you're wrong. They can explain and you can learn. Use class time as mini-test. If you're wrong now, at least you won't be wrong in your next test! 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文 。主要讲述了如何应对参与课堂的恐惧感。 即在课堂上要勇敢地面对自己的弱点和不足， 并要用正确的心态来对待自己的错误。 1.What a shame!【解析】这是一个感叹句， 结构为 what a shame (it is)! 2.Relax and trust your teacher instead.【解析】这是一个简单句。放松 relax；反而：instead。 3.那么， 你如何才能克服这种耻辱， 把课堂参与作为一个学习的机会呢？【解析】这 是一个简单句， 主语为 you； 谓语为 get past 和 realize， 宾语分别为 shame 和 class participation。 4.如果我错了或者说了一个愚蠢的观点，那么人们就会嘲笑我，但生活仍在继续。【解 析】这是一个条件状语从句， 主句为 then people laugh at me， 从句为 If I'm wrong or make a stupid point。 5. Wesenberg建议你问老师为什么错了。【解析】这是一个“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的陈述句， 宾语补足语为 why you're wrong. Passage 11 A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier.1. A confident man will try his best to achieve his goal again and again rather than give up. In addition, a confident man usually brings some positive(积极的) influence on the people in a team. Confidence means that you believe you can make it. But how to be more confident? Here are some suggestions: Speak loud 2. You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more confident. Play sports 3.强壮的身体有助于你充满自信 。Taking up a sports game, such as ball games, swimming, hiking or any other exercise will bring you unexpected surprise. Encourage yourself You can encourage yourself by writing down a list of things you did during the day and checking later. Pick up a hobby 4.如果你喜欢唱歌， 尽可能多地唱歌 。In some ways, a hobby can make you outstanding. And it will make you happy and confident. Remember no one is perfect Even the most confident people can not do everything well. At some point in any of our lives, we may feel we are short of something. 5. So it is important for us to realize that we can not be perfect. We are improving ourselves all the time, though. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自信在日常生活中对一个人是 非常重要的， 自信的人拥有更多的机会去获得成功 。本文讲述了保持自信的原因， 并 就如何让自己变得自信给出了几点建议。 1.一个自信的人会一次又一次地努力实现他的目标， 而不是放弃 。【解析】本句中含有多个固定用法。try one's best 尽某人最大的努力； achieve one's goal 实现某人的目标； again and again 一次又一次； rather than 而不是； give up 放弃。 2. 你说话的声音太低了， 别人几乎听不清你的声音 。【解析】 so...that...如此 … … 以至 于 … …； hardly 几乎不。 3. A strong body helps you be full of confidence.【解析】强壮的 strong；有助于 help（由于主语是 a strong body， 故谓语动词用单三形式）； 充满 be full of。 4. If you like singing, sing as much as you can.【解析】尽可能多：as much as you can；为固定用法。 5.因此，我们必须认识到，我们不可能是完美的。【解析】本句是“it's + adj. + to do sth.”句型， that 引导的宾语从句作 realize的宾语。 Passage 12 Setting clear house rules makes it easier for your children to do well. There are some suggestions for you. Keep the list of rules simple 1. Avoid coming up with a long set of rules or trying to cover everything. Instead, keep the list short and simple. 2.你也应该解释每条规则的含义和惩罚。 Use positive language 3. Let your rules teach your kids what you want them to do, rather than what you don't want them to do. For example: Instead of “Don't call other people's names.”, try “Be kind to others.”, Instead of “Don't run in the house.”, try “Walk in the house.” . Let your kids help you write the rules 4.你对规则有一些清晰的想法。However, giving kids a chance to take part in writing a list of rules is also important. Respecting your kids' ideas will increase their willingness(乐意) to follow the rules. Mention your family rules often 5. Especially with your children, you should often review the rules. Repeating the rules will help your kids remember them and use them in different situations. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者给出了一些关于怎么制定家庭规则的建议，以及在使用这些家庭规则时应该注意哪些方面。 1.避免提出一套很长的规则， 或者试图掩盖一切 。【解析】come up with 提出； set 一 套； cover 遮盖，掩盖。 2.You should also explain the meaning of each rule and the punishments.【解析】解释：explain；含义meaning；惩罚punishment。 3.让你的规则教会你的孩子，你想让他们做什么， 而不是不想让他们做什么 。【解析】这是一个简单句。“what you want them to do, rather than what you don't want them to do”为句子的宾语补足语成分 。rather than而不是。 4.You have had some clear ideas about the rules.【解析】结合下文句意可知此处应该用 现在完成时 。 清晰的：clear。 5.尤其是和你的孩子们，你应该经常复习规则。【解析】Especially 尤其；review 复习。 Passage 13 Some students say English is difficult, but I think it is very easy for me. 1.我很高兴告诉你一些关于我如何学习英语的事情。 First, I think interest for English is the most important thing in learning English. 2. When I began to learn English, it was fresh for me. I was interested in it, so I worked hard at it. Soon we had an English exam and I got very good grades. After that I learned English harder and harder. Second, English is a foreign language, so I learn it well in the following ways: Listen to the teacher carefully, speak bravely, read aloud and remember vocabularies. Then practice again and again. And I also have a good habit:3.Asking for help whenever I have a question, and I will try my best to understand it well. Besides, I often read English articles, jokes and easy novels. 4.他们帮助我很好地理解了一些词的含义。And I also write diaries in English every day. 5.I think it is very useful in improving my English writing. English has become a close friend of mine. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了学习英语的几种方法。主要包 括保持兴趣； 仔细听讲； 大声读； 勇敢说；记背词汇；多练习以及多读英文作品等。 1. I am very glad to tell you something about how I study English.【解析】这是一个很有宾语补足语的简单句 。主语为I，谓语为 tell，宾语为you， something about how I study English 为宾语补足语。 2. 当我开始学英语时， 它对我来说是新鲜的 。【解析】这是一个时间状语从句， 主句为“it was fresh for me”，从句为“When I began to learn English”。 3.每当我有问题的时候，我都会寻求帮助，我会尽我最大的努力去理解它 。【解析】这是一个时间状语从句，主句为“asking for help” ，从句为“whenever I have a question”。 4.They help me understand the meanings of some words well.【解析】理解：understand；… … 的含义the meanings of… …。 5.我认为这对提高我的英语写作很有帮助 。【解析】这是一个“it's + adj. +in doing sth.”句型。 Passage 14 During my sixth grade year, I had everything getting on well with me. I was the leader of the students' union and two sports teams. I also had amazing grades and some great friends. 1.One day, my parents told me that my whole family was moving to Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚）. I was shocked then.Upon thinking of it, I felt an ache in my heart. I was sure that leaving Virginia and starting over in a new place would be the death of me. On the last day of school, I burst into tears.2.All the sweet memories of my friends appeared in my mind. I felt sad to part with them and I would miss them soon. That summer in Pennsylvania, 3.我遇到了安娜，她是一个对我的生活影响很大的女孩。She could hear my thought and truly understand me. But the friends in Virginia didn't even try to stay in touch with me. 4.我从来没有收到过他们中的任何人的消息 。And I never wrote to them as well.Gradually, I stopped missing them.Comparing with what I've had now, the life in my old school seems to be nothing important.5.I am happier than ever because I have more new good friends like Anna. Today I am glad that I have made the change in my life because it has improved my life. Maybe you don't want to change, but sometimes changes are for the better. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文 。作者最开始因为舍不得同学而不愿搬家，但搬家后学校生活的变化，特别是这种变化对自己产生的有利影响， 作者又很感谢这种变化 。文章告诉我们： 有时候， 变化是为了更好。 1. 一天，我的父母告诉我我们将要举家迁往宾夕法尼亚 。【解析】这是一个宾语从句，that 引导的句子作told的宾语。 2.所有关于我朋友的美好回忆都浮现在我的脑海里 。【解析】这是一个简单句 。主语为memories谓语为appeared； 宾语为mind 。appeared： 出现； 浮现。 3.I met Anna, she is a girl who influenced my life so much.【解析】根据翻译可知此处需 用到一个定语从句，先行词为girl，表示人用who引导 。影响：influence 。 由于是叙述过去的事情，故用一般过去时。 4. I never heard from anyone of them.【解析】这是一个简单句。从来没有：never；收到 … … 的消息： heard from 。 5.我比以往任何时候都更快乐，因为我有更多像安娜那样的新朋友 。【解析】这是一个原因状语从句 。主句为 I am happier than ever， 从句为 because I have more new good friends like Anna 。happier than ever：比以往都快乐。 Passage 15 In an English class, our teacher, Mrs. Bartlett asked us to make a poster (海报) in groups about the culture that we were studying. 1. She told us to write the names of three friends who we wanted in one group. She would think about our choices. The next day, I was told to be in a group I would never want—the boy who was too weak in English, and the two girls who wore strange clothes. Oh, how I wanted to be with my friends! With tears in my eyes, I walked up to Mrs. Bartlett. 2. She looked at me and seemed to know what I was there for. I told her I should be in the “good” group. She gently put a hand on my shoulder(肩膀). “I know what you want, Karma,” she said, “but your group needs you. 3.我需要你帮助他们 。Only you can help them.” I was surprised and moved. Her words encouraged me. “Will you help them?” she asked. “Yes,” I replied. Then I bravely walked over to my group. I sat down and we started. Each of us did a part according to our interests. Halfway through the week, I felt myself enjoying our group.4.我们一起做得很好。Nobody except Mrs. Bartlett had believed in our group. Amazingly, our group got an A. But I think we should hand the A back to Mrs. Bartlett. 5. She was the one who should truly receive it. Mrs. Bartlett brought out the potential (潜能) in four of her students. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和自己的老师之间发生的 故事 。作者觉得自己很不幸被分到了一个不喜欢的学习小组， 但是在老师的耐心鼓励 和劝导下改变了自己的想法， 最后带领这个组取得了好成绩。 1.她让我们写下我们想在同一个组的三个朋友的名字 。【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事。后半句是一个定语从句，先行词为 friends， 后面为 who 引导的定语从句。 2.她看着我， 似乎知道我在那儿是为了什么 。【解析】这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句 。主语为 she， 谓语为 know，what 引导的句子作 know 的宾语 。seem 看起来像， 似乎。 3. I need you to help them.【解析】这是一个简单句。需要某人做某事：need sb. to do sth.。 帮助help。 4. We did a good job together.【解析】做得很好： do a good job； 一起： together。 5.她才是真正应该接受它的人 。【解析】这是一个定语从句 。先行词为 one， 后面为 who 引导的定语从句。 Passage 16 When I was in primary school, I was too weak in French to pass the exam. I often got an “E” or “F” on my papers. 1.我的同学经常在课堂上嘲笑我 。I often felt sad but could not do anything. But later, a French speech contest changed my life. 2.这也改变了我对每件事的看法 。It was a Wednesday afternoon. My father asked me to take part in a French speech contest. It was a terrible idea! My French grades were always bad. “Don't worry, my son. Believe in yourself and you're sure to win the contest.” 3.With my father's encouragement, I accepted his offer.After that my father and I chose a right topic. Then I practiced hard at it. I spent a lot of my spare time practicing it again and again in order not to miss a word. Finally, it turned out that my speech was successful. When my French teacher gave me a call and told me I got the first prize, I could hardly believe my ears. 4.And my father was so excited that he couldn't say a word. Then everything has changed. 5.When I do anything, I always believe in myself and try my best to do it well. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了我小学时法语很差，经常遭到同学们的嘲笑 。但是一次法语演讲比赛改变了我的生活，使我明白了要相信自己并且做任何事情时都要全力以赴。 1. My classmates often laughed at me in class. 【解析】根据翻译可知这是一个简单句。经常：often； 嘲笑： laugh at；在课堂上in the class。 2. And it also changed my views on everything.【解析】 也： also； 改变： change； 观点： view。 3.在父亲的鼓励下， 我接受了他的提议 。【解析】“With my father's encouragement”是 独立主格结构，后半句“I accepted his offer”为简单句。encouragement 鼓励；accept：接 受； offer 提议。 4. 我父亲太激动了以至于一句话也说不出来 。【解析】so...that...如此 … … 以至于 … …。 5. 当我做任何事情的时候， 我总是相信自己并且尽自己最大努力做好 。【解析】这是 一个时间状语从句 。主句是“I always believe in myself and try my best to do it well ”； 从句是“When I do anything”believe in 相信； try one's best 尽某人最大努力。 Passage 17 At present, almost everyone has a mobile phone, but have you ever thought that cell phones might be bad for your health? 1. A study shows that heavy mobile phone use may cause hearing loss(失聪). This study shows that people who use cell phones for about an hour a day have a harder time hearing some similar sounds, especially in their right ears. 2.It is getting harder for them to tell the difference between the sounds of “s”and “f”, and “t”and “z” . Researchers studied 100 people who used cell phones and compared them with 50 people who did not. 3.这项研究持续了12个月。What the researchers found was that cell phone users had more hearing problems than those who did not. Besides this, our ears have many little hairs inside them. Too much noise will cause these hairs to get weak and finally die. 4.When these hairs die, it affects our ability to listen. However, cell phone users don't care too much about this study. One man said “5.我会更担心使用iPad的人。They put those earphones in their ears and listen to very loud music. I think that is more likely to cause hearing loss than a cell phone.” 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了现在大多数人都使用手机，但 是过分使用手机可能会对人的听力有损。 1.一项研究表明，大量使用手机可能会导致听力丧失。【解析】 这是一个宾语从句。主语为study； 谓语为 shows； that 引导的整个句子作 shows 的宾语。 2. 对他们来说，越来越难分辨s和f，t和z的声音的不同 。【解析】getting harder 越来越难；tell the difference 分辨 … … 的不同。 3.The study lasted for 12 months.【解析】研究 study； 持续 last for。 4.当这些毛发死亡时， 它会影响我们听的能力 。【解析】 这是一个时间状语从句 。when … … 的时候；affects 影响；ability to listen听的能力。 5. I'd be more worried about people who use iPad.【解析】根据汉语可知此处需用到定语 从句， 先行词为 people，后面是 who 引导的定语从句 。担心 worry about。 Passage 18 In the modern society, more and more people feel anxious. But life is short, and you have to make the most of it. Has anybody ever told you that? Maybe they just said “YOLO” to you instead. It means “You Only Live Once”, and it's a very popular sentence so quite a lot of people know it very well. 1. Having a YOLO mind means that you make the most of every day. It means you enjoy your life, because you only get one. Someone who has a YOLO mind is always open to new and fun activities. 2.That makes you become an active person. Now, thanks to a US study, YOLO might be more than just a popular saying. A study found it might be healthier to have a YOLO attitude! A research team did an experiment with two groups of students from different US universities. One group were told there were only 30 days left before they moved to a new city. 3.他们做了很多活动，并且花时间和他们爱的人在一起。In other words, they had a YOLO lifestyle. 4.另一组人继续过着正常的生活。 At the end of the experiment, the students did a survey to find out how happy they were. 5. It showed that the first group was much happier. “ But anyway, people should live a happy life. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了持有生命只有一次的生活观点的人更健康，也可以更好地享受生活。 1.持有生命只有一次的观点意味着你充分利用每一天 。 【解析】 这是一个宾语从句 。主语为 Having a YOLO mind；谓语为 means；宾语为 that 引导的句子。make the most of every day 充分利用每一天。 2.那使你变成一个积极的人 。【解析】become 变成； active 积极地。 3. They did lots of activities and spent time with people they loved. 【解析】 活动 activity； 花时间和某人在一起 spend time with sb.。 4.The other group continued to live their normal life. 【解析】另一个the other；继续 continue to；正常的 normal。 5. 结果表明，第一组要快乐得多。 【解析】这是一个宾语从句，主语为 It，谓语为 showed；that引导的句子作宾语。 Passage 19 We know that it's important to give people a gift, especially a personal one. 1. If we are going to give gifts to others, we should first try to find out what they like and dislike. That is called “art of giving” . 2. Some little kids think they don't get enough gifts while some old people think they get too many gifts. Different people like different kinds of gifts. For example, a little boy can make his mother very happy just by giving her a leaf as a gift. 3. 赠送礼物在不同的国家是不同的。Here are some of their likes. In Canada, a tree can help remember a person. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts. In Sweden, doing something for someone or paying a visit to the elder is the best gift. 4.人们不需要花费任何钱。Different people have different thoughts on this subject! 5. Maybe the art of giving is difficult! 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了不同的人对送礼物的观点不同； 在不同国家送礼物也有各自的特点。 1. 如果我们要送礼物给别人， 我们首先应该设法找出他们喜欢和不喜欢的东西 。 【解析】这是一个条件状语从句，主句为 “we should first try to find out what they like and dislike.” （主句中含有一个宾语从句， what 引导的句子作主句谓语 find out 的宾语）； 从句为“If we are going to give gifts to others” 。be going to 将要做某事； find out 找出。 2.有些小孩子认为他们没有得到足够的礼物，而有些老人认为他们得到的礼物太多了。 【解析】这是由 while 连接的两个宾语从句 。while 然而。 3. Gifts giving is different in different countries. 【解析】 馈赠礼物 gifts giving； 不同的 different；国家 country（由于此处不止一个国家， 故用其复数形式）。 4. People don't need to spend any money. 【解析】 不需要 don't need to； 花费 spend； 钱 money。 5.也许给予的艺术是不易的 。 【解析】the art of giving 给予的艺术； difficult 艰难的，不易的。 Passage 20 The world culture includes not only the customs of our society, its art, music, but also everyday activities. 1.文化给予我们在社会中的归属感。So the losing of one's culture is alarming. 2. Many people believe that their traditional ways of life are under threat(威胁). Yet for some, the losing of culture is a natural result of globalization(全球化) and progress. So is the globalization of culture a threat or a chance? 3. Those who see globalization as a threat argue that societies are losing special parts of their cultures. For example, Omotik, a language spoken in East Africa, has only 50 live speakers. There are also increasing fears in China, where the losing of musical and dance traditions, as well as traditional crafts, is causing concern to many. Some argue that it is hard to find differences between London and Tokyo. 4.另一些关注全球化的优势。They accept that Western culture is spreading, but they also point to how Western countries and many other parts of the world are being shown to world cultures. Many argue that there are advantages to these cross-cultural（跨文化的）exchanges and that they lead to better understandings between cultures. They say world traditions are celebrated more widely because of these. 5.Anyway, many organizations and governments are making efforts (努力) to protect their cultures. 1. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________ 5.______________________________________________________________________ 【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要就文化全球化是威胁还是机遇进行了 讨论并列出了一些不同国家的群体的看法。 1. Cultures give us a sense of belonging in society. 【解析】给予： give； 归属感： a sense of belonging。 2.许多人认为他们的传统生活方式正受到威胁 。 【解析】 这是一个宾语从句 。主语为 Many people； 谓语为 believe； 宾语为 that 引导的整个句子 。traditional 传统的。 3. 那些认为全球化是一种威胁的人认为，社会正在失去其文化的特殊部分。 【解析】 这 是一个含有定语从句的宾语从句 。主语为前半句的一个定语从句， 该定语从句中先行 词为 those， 后面为 who 引导的一个定语从句； 整个句子的谓语为 argue； 宾语为 that 引导的从句 。societies 社会。 4. Others focus on the advantages of globalization. 【解析】另一些：others；关注：focus on； 优势： advantages。 5.无论如何，许多组织和政府正在努力保护他们的文化 【解析】 anyway无论如何；organization 组织；government 政府；making efforts to努力去做。 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $