专题07 语法难点：主谓一致与非谓语动词（培优讲义）（全国通用）2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

专题07 语法难点：主谓一致与非谓语动词 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】语法一致原则 【考点02】意义一致原则 【考点03】就近原则 【考点04】就远原则 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的主谓一致考查 【题型02】词语运用/选词填空中的主谓一致考查 【题型03】语法填空的主谓一致考查 核心考向聚焦 主谓一致的三大原则（语法一致、意义一致、就近一致与就远原则）是考查重点，在各地中考中频繁出现，占语法类考题的15%-20%。其中就近一致、意义一致是高频热点，语法一致作为基础贯穿各类题型。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握主谓一致三大原则的核心规则，能精准定位句子真正主语（排除介词短语、定语从句等干扰成分），熟练判断不同主语类型（集体名词、不定代词、分数/百分数+of结构等）对应的谓语单复数；能结合语境区分集体名词的整体与个体含义，准确应用就近一致原则于there be、not only...but also...等常考结构；能结合时态、语态，在语篇中灵活判断谓语形式。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，忽略主语的实际意义（如集体名词、时间/金额类复数形式的整体含义），仅根据主语形式判断谓语单复数；同时，三大原则记忆碎片化，特殊结构（如the number of与a number of）、不规则情况掌握不牢，易混淆就近一致与语法一致的适用场景；在语篇综合题（完形填空、语法填空）中，难以兼顾时态、语态与主谓一致，易出现综合失误。需强化语境判断、规则归类记忆与综合应用能力。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，主谓一致仍将以三大原则为核心，侧重语境化考查，融入语篇（完形填空、语法填空），结合时态、语态综合命题，减少孤立规则的考查。就近一致（there be、either...or...等结构）、意义一致（集体名词、分数/百分数+of结构）仍是命题热点；形复意单/形单意复名词、特殊结构（one of...、many a...等）的陷阱设置将更灵活，贴合真实语言应用场景。 策略：备考应放弃对孤立规则的死记硬背，转向“规则建模+语境应用”。重点训练：1. 紧扣近3年中考真题，建立主谓一致分类错题本（三大原则、特殊结构、常见陷阱），强化在语篇中定位主语、判断原则的能力，重点突破就近一致与意义一致的易错点。2. 熟记高频特殊结构（there be、集体名词、不定代词等）的主谓一致规则，专项练习陷阱类题目（形复意单混淆、the number of与a number of辨析等）；结合时态、语态进行综合训练，避免单一规则应用的局限。3. 借助速记口诀强化规则记忆，结合书面表达训练，刻意规范主谓一致用法，避免隐性失分。 ◇考点 01 语法一致原则 语 法 一 致 原 则 用法和例句 语法一致,即主谓在语法形式上的一致。如果主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数形式;如果主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式。 (1).单数名词／代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 She sings an English song every morning. To help others is to help ourselves. Seeing is believing. What he said is not true. (2). and或both...and...连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。 Mike and Jack are good friends. Both my sister and I are tall. [注意]①.当and连接的两个名词指同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数。 The writer and singer has come. ②．当and连接的单数名词被 each,every或no 修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数。 Each boy and each girl was given an apple just now. 2. 在“A＋with(together with/along with/except/besides,but/as well as,including, rather than等)＋B＋谓语动词”结构中,谓语动词形式和前面的A部分保持一致。 The boy together with his friends plays football every week. 3. 复合不定代词,如someone,everything,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Everyone is here. 4. 有些只有复数形式的名词,如glasses,clothes等单独作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但当其前有a/two...＋pair(s)/cup(s)/piece(s)/bottle(s)...＋of等表度量的短语修饰时,谓语动词的单复数取决于表度量的名词的单复数。 A pair of new shoes is given to him as a present by his grandma. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 5. “the number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“a number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The number of the students of the school is about 600, and a number of them are from Guilin. 6. 主语前若有all, some, half, enough等形容词或three fourths（3／4）等分数修饰时，谓语动词 的数由名词类别和数量决定；若为复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式；若为单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词则用单数形式。 All of the meat smells terrible. All of the boys were doing sports this time yesterday. Three fifths of the workers in the factory are men. Two thirds of the bread is eaten by the mouse. ◇难点谓语动词的确定 典例 30% of the rice ________ for those old people every week. A．are B．is C．were D．was 1．—A large number of tourists ________ to visit our city because of its new look. —Yes. It is reported that the number of tourists ________ over 300 million this year. A．have come; is B．has come; is C．have come; are D．has come; are 2．—Excuse me, how much ________ this pair of sports shoes? —All sports shoes ________ on sale. Only 85 yuan. A．is; is B．are; is C．are; are D．is; are 3．Both the teacher and the students ________ excited about the coming music festival. A．Is B．are C．was D．were 4．Eating more fruits and vegetables ________ good for our health. Why don’t you have a try? A．is B．are C．does D．do 5．70 percent of the students in the class _________ from Yangzhou. Half of their work _________ already finished. A．are; is B．are; are C．is; is D．is; are ◇考点 02 意义一致原则 意义一致原则 意义一致原则：是指从意义上着眼处理主谓一致关系，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面语法标志。 1. 有些集体名词,如family,class,public,group等作主语时,若表示一个集体,谓语动词用单数形式;若表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。 His family is a big one.他的家庭是个大家庭。 His family are watching TV.他的家人正在看电视。 (2) 有些集体名词,如people,police等,表示复数意义,谓语动词只能用复数形式。 The police haven’t caught the thief yet. (3)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。 Ten years is a long time. (4)“the+形容词”表示一类人,“the+姓氏的复数形式”表示夫妇或一家人,它们作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 The Greens are leaving for Shanghai next week. (5) 某些代词或短语,如half (of),plenty (of)等作主语时,谓语动词应根据其所修饰的名词来决定单复数。 Two thirds of the work has been finished. (6)有些名词如news,means,politics, maths等以-s结尾,但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。 Maths is one of the most important subjects. ◇难点the +形容词 表示一类人 典例 The young ________ sending e-mails ________ letters, because it is faster. A．prefer; to writing B．prefer; to write C．prefers; to write D．prefers; to writing 1．Maths ________ easy for me, but I still like it very much. A．are B．aren’t C．is D．isn’t 2．How time flies! Four years ________ since I ________ to our middle school. A．have passed; came B．has past; came C．has passed; came D．have passed; have come 3．It’s seven o’clock in the evening. My family ________ dinner. A．have B．has C．is having D．are having 4．The blind ________ many ways to get help in this area and they ________ used to living in the new place. A．have; become B．has; become C．has; became 5．Look! Some sheep ________ grass near the lake. A．eat B．is eating C．are eating D．eats ◇考点 03 就近原则 就近原则 　就近一致,即谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近谓语的主语的单复数形式。 (1)当there be句型后跟单个名词时,be的单复数与名词的单复数一致。名词是单数用is,是复数用are。 当there be后跟两个或几个并列的主语时,be的单复数形式与其最靠近的那个主语一致。 There is a book and three dictionaries on the desk. (2)not only...but also...,either...or...,neither...nor...等连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词必须与它最近的主语保持一致。 Not only he but also I am going to Beijing. ◇难点就近原则 典例 Look! There ________ a pencil, a ruler, a knife and two books on Jimmy’s desk. A．being B．are C．is 1．Either the teacher or the students ________ the answer. A．know B．knows C．knew D．will know 2．Neither the students nor the teacher the answer. A．know B．knows C．knew D．will know 3．Not only the students but also the teacher ________ the film before. A．has seen B．have seen C．saw D．sees 4．—Mom, I’m hungry (饿的). —There ________ an egg and some bread on the table. A．am B．are C．is 5．—Here ________ some pear trees and our school coffee bar. How beautiful! —Great! And here ________ some juice for sale (出售). It’s cool! A．are; is B．is; are C．are; are D．is; is ◇考点 04 就远原则 就 远 原 则 就远原则，即谓语的单复数形式取决于与谓语较远的那个主语的单复数。 主语后跟with短语；The teacher with his students is preparing for the exam. 谓语动词“is”与前面的主语“The teacher”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“with his students”。 主语后跟except短语 Everyone except Tom and Jerry likes this movie. 谓语动词“likes”与前面的主语“Everyone”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“except Tom and Jerry”。 主语后跟as well as短语 He, as well as his brothers, enjoys reading. 谓语动词“enjoys”与前面的主语“He”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“as well as his brothers”。 主语后跟rather than短语 She, rather than they, is responsible for the project. 谓语动词“is”与前面的主语“She”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“rather than they”。 主语后跟including短语 The book, including its appendices, has been translated into multiple languages.谓语动词“has”与前面的主语“The book”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“including its appendices”。 ◇难点就远原则 典例Lucy together with Andy ________ good at Chinese. We often help them ________ their Chinese. A．is; for B．aren’t; for C．isn’t; with D．are; for 1．How heavy the rain is! Lily, with her parents, ________ the bus without umbrellas at the bus stop. A．is waiting for B．wait for C．are waiting for D．is waiting 2．—Will you visit Yunlong Lake next week? —I as well as my sister ________ yet. We will discuss tonight. A．decide B．decided C．hasn’t decide D．haven’t decided 3．Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ gifts from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 4．Everyone, including the old people, ________ playing mobile phones in his or her free time now. A．enjoys B．are enjoying C．enjoy 5．Jerry with his parents ________ for Guangzhou next week. A．are going B．are leaving C．is leaving ◇题型 01 单项填空中的主谓一致考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）There ________ some flowers in my room. I often water them. A．is B．are C．was D．were 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1 （2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）My mother with her students ________ to volunteer at the old people’s home next week. A．is going B．are going C．goes 变式2 （2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）—How many doctors are there in your hospital, Peter? —________ them ________ over one hundred. A．The number of; is B．A number of; are C．A number of; is ◇题型 02 词语运用/首字母填空中的主谓一致考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例2（2025·江苏泰州·二模）About three quarters of the population in China (be) farmers twenty years ago. 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1 （2025·江苏无锡·三模）Not only my parents but my little sister (prepare) for the birthday party when I got home. 变式2 （2024·江苏无锡·三模）Lily as well as her family (climb) the green mountain nearby at this time of year. ◇题型 03语法填空中的主谓一致考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例4（2025·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·模拟预测）Sleep is like food for the brain. Enough sleep helps the body 1 brain grow and develop. According to the latest China Sleep Quality Index (指数), half said that they felt tired after getting up and 15 percent of people had trouble 2 (fall) asleep. Ye Jingying, a sleep expert at Beijing Tongren Hospital, says, “If people often wake up during the night, 3 always feel weak and tired in the day, they should pay attention to their own sleep pattern.” Many people 4 (play) with their cell phones or iPads before sleeping. The report said that this was one of the main 5 (reason) for bad sleep. Other reasons include stress and bad moods. Forming good sleep habits 6 (be) also necessary. The report suggested that people need to keep away from digital devices (数码产品) for at 7 (little) an hour before sleep. The lights keep 8 (they) brains exciting for a long while. Moreover, try to go to sleep and wake up 9 time every day, even on weekends and during holidays, and do some 10 (relax) things before going to bed each night. It can help you fall asleep sooner. 非谓语动词 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】动词不定式 【考点02】动名词 【考点03】分词 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的非谓语动词考查 【题型02】词语运用/所给词填空中的非谓语动词考查 【题型03】完形填空的非谓语动词考查 【题型04】语法填空的非谓语动词考查 核心考向聚焦 非谓语动词（不定式to do、动名词doing、过去分词done）的用法辨析是考查重点，在各地中考中频繁出现，占语法类考题的15%-20%。其中不定式to do、动名词doing的基本用法及固定搭配是高频考点，过去分词done的用法考查相对较少；同时会结合语境考查非谓语动词的句法功能（作主语、宾语、定语、状语），但相对比重较小，侧重基础应用与固定搭配的考查。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握非谓语动词（to do、doing、done）的核心用法及区别，熟记中考高频固定搭配（如want to do、enjoy doing、be done等），能在语境中准确判断非谓语动词的形式；掌握非谓语动词的基本句法功能，能区分不定式与动名词作主语、宾语的差异，明确过去分词表被动、完成的含义。需通过分类记忆、固定搭配积累突破。熟练辨析易混结构（如stop to do与stop doing、forget to do与forget doing），能结合语境判断非谓语动词的主动与被动、动作先后关系。需强化语境适配与规则应用。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，忽略非谓语动词与谓语动词的区别，误用非谓语动词形式；同时，固定搭配记忆碎片化，易混结构（to do与doing）辨析不清，对过去分词的被动、完成含义理解不透彻；在语篇综合题中，难以结合语境判断非谓语动词的用法，易因搭配错误、逻辑关系混淆失分。需强化固定搭配记忆、语境判断与归类辨析能力。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，非谓语动词仍将以固定搭配、用法辨析为核心，侧重在语篇（完形填空、语法填空）中灵活考查，结合语境判断to do、doing、done的正确用法。将更注重真实情境下的应用，重点考查不定式、动名词的固定搭配及易混结构辨析，过去分词的用法考查将更贴近语境（如作定语、状语）。 策略：备考应放弃对孤立规则的死记硬背，转向 “建模”与“应用” 。重点训练： 1. 紧扣真题，建立非谓语动词分类错题本（固定搭配、易混结构、句法功能），强化在完形填空和语境中判断用法的能力，重点突破to do与doing的辨析易错点。 2. 熟记中考高频固定搭配（如ask sb. to do、keep doing、be interested in doing等），专项练习易混结构、被动含义相关题型，并与书面表达结合训练，规范非谓语动词的用法，避免隐性失分。 ◇考点 01 动词不定式 动词不定式 1.动词不定式的形式：to+动词原形（有时可以省略to）；否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。 2.动词不定式的句法功能 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 They decided to visit the Great Lakes. 作宾语补足语 位于宾语后，补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。 The teacher asked us to turn off the lights. 作状语 一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 He opened the door for her to come in.（作目的状语） Paul is too excited to say anything.（作结果状语） 作主语 常用it作形式主语，而将不定式后置 To learn English well is important. =It is important to learn English well. 作表语 常位于be动词后 Her job is to do the dishes. 作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语（如果是不及物动词，则需加介词） I have a lot of books to read. Please give me some paper to write on. 【拓展】特殊结构的不定式 结构 功能 例句 疑问词+动词不定式 作主语 When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet. 作宾语 I haven't decided yet when to leave. 作表语 The question is where to find water. 作宾语时，还可转化为宾语从句。如： Can you tell me where to get the scarf ? =Can you tell me where I can get the scarf ? 3.常见可接动词不定式作宾语的动词（词组）（v.+to do sth.） afford负担得起 agree同意 choose选择 continue继续 decide决定 expect期望 fail失败 forget忘记 hope希望 learn学习 like喜欢 manage设法 need需要 plan计划 prefer更喜欢 prepare准备 promise承诺 refuse拒绝 wait等待 want想要［2024.69］ would like想要 4.常见接动词不定式作宾补的动词（v.+sb. to do sth.） advise建议 allow允许 ask要求 expect期望 force强迫 help帮助 invite邀请 teach教 tell告诉 want想要 warn警告 wish希望 encourage鼓励 request要求 order命令 5.动词不定式符号to的省略 （1）在一些使役动词和感官动词之后，要把不定式结构中的to省略，但在变为被动语态时，要把省略的to加上（let除外）。常用的有： 一感： feel 二听： listen to， hear 三让： let， have， make 四看： watch， see， look at， notice 如：The boy's funny action made everyone laugh.=Everyone was made to laugh by the boy's funny action. （2）help后带to不带to均可。如： She still works there once a week to help kids （to） learn to read. （3）当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时，通常只需在第一个不定式处用to，其余不定式的to可以省略。但是，如果两者有对比关系，则后面的不定式to不可省略。如： To try and fail is better than not to try at all. （4）why not…后省略to。如： Why not go with Tom? （5）had better…后省略to。如： We'd better ride a shared bike there. 6.不定式的常见句型 （1）It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.对某人来说做某事是……/某人做某事真是…… （2）It takes/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth.做某事花某人……时间。 （3）It's time to do sth.到做某事的时间了。 （4）It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。 （5）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 （6）too+adj.+to do sth.太……而不能做某事 （7）adj.+enough to do sth.足够……去做某事 （8）It's one's duty to do sth.做某事是某人的义务 ◇难点疑问词+动词不定式 典例 （2025·四川成都·二模）—Do you know ________ to register (注册) for the Chengdu Science Festival next month? —Yes, you can do it on its official website. A．when B．how C．what 1．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）I think it is necessary for college students _________ part in some social activities. A．take B．taking C．to take D．took 2．（2026·上海普陀·一模）The exchange student never expected ________ such a warm welcome from his new classmates. A．receive B．receiving C．to receive D．received 3．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）The best way we can think of ________ our English better is to practice more. As the saying goes, “Practice makes perfect.” A．making B．to make C．make 4．（2026·上海浦东新·一模）The school requires the seventh graders ________ a safety training course. A．complete B．to complete C．completing D．completed 5．（2025·天津南开·三模）The police officer ran into the room ________ a little girl. A．to save B．save C．saving D．saved ◇考点 02 动名词 1.动名词的形式：动词原形+-ing；否定形式为“not+动词原形+-ing” 2.动名词的句法功能 功能 用法 例句 作主语 单个动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 Eating too much junk food is bad for your health. 作表语 动名词（短语）作表语可转化为作主语 My hobby is playing the guitar.=Playing the guitar is my hobby. 作宾语 作动词的宾语，表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性动作 My sister enjoys running very much. 作介词的宾语 I'm looking forward to working out the problem. 作定语 位于所修饰词之前，只表明所修饰词的用途等 The meeting room is too small to hold thirty people. 3.常接动名词作宾语的动词（词组）（v.+doing sth.） 分类 示例 动词 avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢 finish完成 imagine想象 keep坚持 mind介意 practice练习 suggest建议 动词词组 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 keep on doing sth.继续做某事 set out doing sth.着手/开始做某事 be busy （in） doing sth.忙于做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事 be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 can't/couldn't stand doing sth.不能忍受做某事 can't/couldn't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 have fun/trouble with/difficulty （in） doing sth.做某事有乐趣/有麻烦/有困难 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 【拓展】既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词 ◇难点动名词作宾语 典例 （2026·上海徐汇·一模）The farmer grows his crops without ________ any chemicals. They are completely organic and safe to eat. A．use B．to use C．using D．used 1．（2025·吉林通化·模拟预测）________ for too long gave Roy a lot of headaches. A．Work B．Working C．To work 2．（2025·江苏常州·三模）More attention should be paid to ________ the environment. A．protect B．protecting C．protected D．to protect 3．（2026·上海青浦·一模）Our school is considering ________ a fun fair to welcome the new year. A．holding B．to hold C．held D．hold 4．（2026·上海黄浦·一模）Pelé spent his early years ________ soccer barefoot with a ball made of socks. A．play B．to play C．playing D．to playing 5．（2026·上海虹口·一模）Have you finished _______ your English composition on how to keep healthy? A．write B．writing C．to write D．to writing ◇考点 03 分词（课标仅作理解要求） 1.分词的形式 （1）现在分词：v.-ing，表示动作正在发生，有主动、进行之意； （2）过去分词：v.-ed，表示动作已经完成，有被动、完成之意。 2.分词的用法 分词在句中可起形容词或副词的作用，作表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语，也可构成各种进行或完成时态和语态。 （1）作表语：The film was so moving that I was deeply moved. （2）作定语：The book written by Mr. Wang is very interesting. （3）作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步等。如： Laughing and talking, the kids went into the room.（表伴随） （4）作宾语补足语：We all want the problem to be solved. ◇难点过去分词作定语 典例 （2025·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）Some housework ________ by your parents should be done on your own. A．is given B．given C．gives 1．（2025·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）—Look! There are some students ________ basketball on the playground. —Yes. I often see them ________ basketball there. A．play, play B．playing, play C．to play, playing 2．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）The couple were seen ________ a walk outside at this time yesterday . Nobody knows when they came back. A．take B．taken C．took D．taking 3．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）When I opened my eyes, I saw Melissa ________ at the end of my bed. A．stand B．standing C．to stand D．stood 4．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模）—How will you deal with our old fridge, dear? —Well, I am considering having it ________ and then we don’t need to buy a new one. A．repair B．repaired C．to repair 5．（2025·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）Peter’s Chinese was very poor when he came to China, so he couldn’t make himself ________. A．understanding B．to understand C．understood ◇题型 01 单项填空中的非谓语动词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2026·上海金山·一模）Students are required ________ their hands before speaking in the discussion. A．raise B．raised C．raising D．to raise 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1 （2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）We can’t afford ________ time on video games as the final exam is coming. A．to waste B．wasting C．waste 变式2 （2025·吉林松原·模拟预测）I’m happy that Judy has become the first one ______ five books during the Reading Week. A．finished B．to finish C．finishing ◇题型 02 词语运用/所给词填空中的非谓语动词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例2（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）The doctor did what he could (save) the dying man. 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1 （2025·甘肃武威·一模）I like the books (write) by Lu Xun. 变式2 （2025·吉林通化·模拟预测）The young should do meaningful things instead of (play) with phones all day. ◇题型 03 完形填空的非谓语动词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例3（2025·广东广州·三模）One afternoon, I sat by a lake watching an old man fishing. He sat quietly by the water for hours, yet he never seemed 1 . “Why do you like fishing so much?” I asked. He smiled and said, “Fishing teaches me patience.” I nodded, not fully understanding. Then he told me a story. “Years ago, I was a young man full of 2 . I hurried through life and always 3 about what I didn’t have. One day, a friend took me fishing. “Sit and watch the water,” he said. 4 I waited, I noticed the sun 5 on the lake, and a bird flew across the sky 6 . For the first time, I felt inner peace. Fishing taught me how to stop and appreciate the moment.” “But what if you don’t catch 7 fish?” I asked. “Ah,” he said, “the secret isn’t about the fish. It’s about 8 to be present. Life is like a lake 9 sometimes is calm, sometimes full of waves. The key is to keep 10 steady even when the storm comes.” His words made a difference 11 me. Later, I faced a difficult exam. Instead of being afraid, I remembered his advice. I told myself that I 12 stay calm and trust my preparation. So I took deep breaths and focused on each question. When I saw the results, I found I had done better than expected. Now, whenever I feel stressed, I recall 13 afternoon by the lake. The old man wasn't just teaching me about fishing; he also taught me a lesson in life. He showed me that happiness 14 not in rushing to the end, but in enjoying the journey. Sometimes, the most valuable lessons come from the simplest moments—if only we spend the time 15 them. 1．A．boring B．bored C．boringly D．boredly 2．A．angry B．angrily C．anger D．angering 3．A．to complain B．complaining C．complain D．complained 4．A．When B．Though C．After D．Until 5．A．shone B．shine C．shining D．to shine 6．A．slowly B．slower C．slow D．more slowly 7．A．some B．no C．any D．all 8．A．to learn B．learned C．learn D．learning 9．A．which B．who C．when D．what 10．A．us B．ourselves C．our D．we 11．A．of B．from C．to D．on 12．A．must B．can C．may D．might 13．A．an B．a C．the D．/ 14．A．finds B．is found C．found D．was found 15．A．notice B．to notice C．noticing D．noticed ◇题型 04 语法填空中的非谓语动词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例4（2025·广东深圳·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the Chinese saying goes, “Food is the first necessity (必需品) of the people.” Chinese people often greet each other by asking, “Did you eat?” instead 1 “How are you?” Chinese food culture has attracted many foreigners, including Fifa from Madagascar (马达加斯加). On Fifa’s 2 (eleven) birthday, her parents took her to a local Chinese restaurant for dinner. The food there was so 3 (taste) that she asked her parents to take her there more often. Since then, Fifa has developed a deep love for Chinese food. In 2010, Fifa 4 (come) to study in a Chinese university. For her, this was a great chance 5 (discover) more about Chinese food. Over the past years, she has tried many 6 (dish) and drinks from different places in China, such as hot dry noodles in Hubei and morning tea in Guangdong. She has found out 7 makes each area’s cuisine (美食) special. In addition to the mouth-watering food, the cultural traditions behind it have also left 8 deep impression on her. For example, in Guangdong, morning tea is not only about the snacks, 9 also about the valuable time people spend with their family and friends. Fifa said that she was 10 (real) amazed at how food could hold so much meaning. For her, it was an eye-opening experience that she would always remember. 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 语法难点：主谓一致与非谓语动词 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】语法一致原则 【考点02】意义一致原则 【考点03】就近原则 【考点04】就远原则 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的主谓一致考查 【题型02】词语运用/选词填空中的主谓一致考查 【题型03】语法填空的主谓一致考查 核心考向聚焦 主谓一致的三大原则（语法一致、意义一致、就近一致与就远原则）是考查重点，在各地中考中频繁出现，占语法类考题的15%-20%。其中就近一致、意义一致是高频热点，语法一致作为基础贯穿各类题型。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握主谓一致三大原则的核心规则，能精准定位句子真正主语（排除介词短语、定语从句等干扰成分），熟练判断不同主语类型（集体名词、不定代词、分数/百分数+of结构等）对应的谓语单复数；能结合语境区分集体名词的整体与个体含义，准确应用就近一致原则于there be、not only...but also...等常考结构；能结合时态、语态，在语篇中灵活判断谓语形式。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，忽略主语的实际意义（如集体名词、时间/金额类复数形式的整体含义），仅根据主语形式判断谓语单复数；同时，三大原则记忆碎片化，特殊结构（如the number of与a number of）、不规则情况掌握不牢，易混淆就近一致与语法一致的适用场景；在语篇综合题（完形填空、语法填空）中，难以兼顾时态、语态与主谓一致，易出现综合失误。需强化语境判断、规则归类记忆与综合应用能力。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，主谓一致仍将以三大原则为核心，侧重语境化考查，融入语篇（完形填空、语法填空），结合时态、语态综合命题，减少孤立规则的考查。就近一致（there be、either...or...等结构）、意义一致（集体名词、分数/百分数+of结构）仍是命题热点；形复意单/形单意复名词、特殊结构（one of...、many a...等）的陷阱设置将更灵活，贴合真实语言应用场景。 策略：备考应放弃对孤立规则的死记硬背，转向“规则建模+语境应用”。重点训练：1. 紧扣近3年中考真题，建立主谓一致分类错题本（三大原则、特殊结构、常见陷阱），强化在语篇中定位主语、判断原则的能力，重点突破就近一致与意义一致的易错点。2. 熟记高频特殊结构（there be、集体名词、不定代词等）的主谓一致规则，专项练习陷阱类题目（形复意单混淆、the number of与a number of辨析等）；结合时态、语态进行综合训练，避免单一规则应用的局限。3. 借助速记口诀强化规则记忆，结合书面表达训练，刻意规范主谓一致用法，避免隐性失分。 ◇考点 01 语法一致原则 语 法 一 致 原 则 用法和例句 语法一致,即主谓在语法形式上的一致。如果主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数形式;如果主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式。 (1).单数名词／代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 She sings an English song every morning. To help others is to help ourselves. Seeing is believing. What he said is not true. (2). and或both...and...连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。 Mike and Jack are good friends. Both my sister and I are tall. [注意]①.当and连接的两个名词指同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数。 The writer and singer has come. ②．当and连接的单数名词被 each,every或no 修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数。 Each boy and each girl was given an apple just now. 2. 在“A＋with(together with/along with/except/besides,but/as well as,including, rather than等)＋B＋谓语动词”结构中,谓语动词形式和前面的A部分保持一致。 The boy together with his friends plays football every week. 3. 复合不定代词,如someone,everything,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Everyone is here. 4. 有些只有复数形式的名词,如glasses,clothes等单独作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但当其前有a/two...＋pair(s)/cup(s)/piece(s)/bottle(s)...＋of等表度量的短语修饰时,谓语动词的单复数取决于表度量的名词的单复数。 A pair of new shoes is given to him as a present by his grandma. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 5. “the number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“a number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 The number of the students of the school is about 600, and a number of them are from Guilin. 6. 主语前若有all, some, half, enough等形容词或three fourths（3／4）等分数修饰时，谓语动词 的数由名词类别和数量决定；若为复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式；若为单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词则用单数形式。 All of the meat smells terrible. All of the boys were doing sports this time yesterday. Three fifths of the workers in the factory are men. Two thirds of the bread is eaten by the mouse. ◇难点 百分数作主语，谓语动词的确定 典例 30% of the rice ________ for those old people every week. A．are B．is C．were D．was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每周30%的大米是给那些老人的。 考查主谓一致和动词时态。根据“every week”可知，该句是一般现在时，主语是“30% of the rice”，整个短语应视为单数，动词填is。故选B。 1．—A large number of tourists ________ to visit our city because of its new look. —Yes. It is reported that the number of tourists ________ over 300 million this year. A．have come; is B．has come; is C．have come; are D．has come; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——因为焕然一新的面貌，大量游客前来参观我们的城市。——是的。据报道，今年游客的数量超过了3亿。 考查主谓一致。第一个空，主语为a large number of tourists，其中a large number of修饰复数名词tourists，表示许多游客，谓语动词需用复数形式，因此用have come；第二个空，主语为the number of tourists，其中the number是中心词，为单数名词（意为数量），谓语动词需用单数形式，因此用is。故选A。 2．—Excuse me, how much ________ this pair of sports shoes? —All sports shoes ________ on sale. Only 85 yuan. A．is; is B．are; is C．are; are D．is; are 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，这双运动鞋多少钱？——所有运动鞋都在打折。只要85元。 考查主谓一致。第一空主语为“this pair of sports shoes”，中心词是“pair”，是单数概念，谓语动词用单数is；第二空主语为“All sports shoes”，中心词是“shoes”，是复数概念，谓语动词用复数are。故选D。 3．Both the teacher and the students ________ excited about the coming music festival. A．Is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师和学生们都对即将到来的音乐节感到兴奋。 考查主谓一致。is是，单数；are是，复数；was是，单数，过去式；were是，复数，过去式。本句主语为“Both the teacher and the students”，由“both...and...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；且句意表达的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时。故选B。 4．Eating more fruits and vegetables ________ good for our health. Why don’t you have a try? A．is B．are C．does D．do 【答案】A 【详解】句意：多吃水果和蔬菜对我们的健康有好处。你为什么不试一试呢？ 考查主谓一致。is是，主语是第三人称单数；are是，主语是第二人称及第三人称复数；does做，动词原形；do做，动词原形。句子主语为“Eating more fruits and vegetables”，动名词短语作主语，视为单数，谓语动词应用is，故选A。 5．70 percent of the students in the class _________ from Yangzhou. Half of their work _________ already finished. A．are; is B．are; are C．is; is D．is; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：班上70%的学生来自扬州。他们工作的一半已经完成。 考查主谓一致。第一空，在“70 per cent of the students”中，“students”是复数名词，因此谓语动词需用复数形式are；第二空，“half of their work”中，“work”是不可数名词，因此谓语动词需用单数形式is。故选A。 ◇考点 02 意义一致原则 意义一致原则 意义一致原则：是指从意义上着眼处理主谓一致关系，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面语法标志。 1. 有些集体名词,如family,class,public,group等作主语时,若表示一个集体,谓语动词用单数形式;若表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。 His family is a big one.他的家庭是个大家庭。 His family are watching TV.他的家人正在看电视。 (2) 有些集体名词,如people,police等,表示复数意义,谓语动词只能用复数形式。 The police haven’t caught the thief yet. (3)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。 Ten years is a long time. (4)“the+形容词”表示一类人,“the+姓氏的复数形式”表示夫妇或一家人,它们作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 The Greens are leaving for Shanghai next week. (5) 某些代词或短语,如half (of),plenty (of)等作主语时,谓语动词应根据其所修饰的名词来决定单复数。 Two thirds of the work has been finished. (6)有些名词如news,means,politics, maths等以-s结尾,但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。 Maths is one of the most important subjects. ◇难点 the +形容词作主语，谓语确定 典例 The young ________ sending e-mails ________ letters, because it is faster. A．prefer; to writing B．prefer; to write C．prefers; to write D．prefers; to writing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：年轻人更喜欢发送电子邮件而不是写信，因为它更快。 考查动词。prefer doing sth to doing sth“宁愿做……也不愿做……”，排除B/C；时态为一般现在时，主语是The young，表示年轻人这一群体，因此谓语动词用原形。故选A。 1．Maths ________ easy for me, but I still like it very much. A．are B．aren’t C．is D．isn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：数学对我来说不容易，但我仍然非常喜欢它。 考查主谓一致和be动词。主语“Maths”在此处作为学科名称，视为单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式“is”；根据“but I still like it very much.”可知，此处是指“数学对我来说不容易”，所以填isn’t。故选D。 2．How time flies! Four years ________ since I ________ to our middle school. A．have passed; came B．has past; came C．has passed; came D．have passed; have come 【答案】C 【详解】句意：时间过得真快！自从我来到我们的中学，四年已经过去了。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。第一空主语“Four years”表示一段时间，视作单数，谓语用单数形式，排除A、D；第二空“since I...to our middle school”是since引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，past不是动词，不能作谓语，排除B。故选C。 3．It’s seven o’clock in the evening. My family ________ dinner. A．have B．has C．is having D．are having 【答案】D 【详解】句意：现在是晚上七点。我的家人正在吃晚餐。 考查现在进行时及be动词辨析。结合语境及“It’s seven o’clock in the evening”可知，该句描述的是现在晚上七点钟我的家人们正在做的事情，时态应为现在进行时，其结构为“am/is/are doing sth.”，且主语“My family”在该句中表示“家庭成员”，意为我的“家人们”正在吃饭，应视为第三人称复数形式，be动词应用are，have的现在分词形式为having。故选D。 4．The blind ________ many ways to get help in this area and they ________ used to living in the new place. A．have; become B．has; become C．has; became 【答案】A 【详解】句意：盲人在这里有很多获得帮助的方式，并且他们已经习惯了生活在这个新地方。 考查主谓一致和时态。句子主语“The blind”是复数形式，表示“盲人们”，因此第一个空需要用复数形式的动词“have”；第二个空表示“已经习惯了”，需要用现在完成时“have become”。故选A。 5．Look! Some sheep ________ grass near the lake. A．eat B．is eating C．are eating D．eats 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看！一些羊正在湖边吃草。 考查现在进行时。根据“Look!”可知句子为现在进行时，其结构为：am/is/are+动词的现在分词。根据“Some sheep”可知主语为复数名义，be动词应用are。故选C。 ◇考点 03 就近原则 就近原则 　就近一致,即谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近谓语的主语的单复数形式。 (1)当there be句型后跟单个名词时,be的单复数与名词的单复数一致。名词是单数用is,是复数用are。 当there be后跟两个或几个并列的主语时,be的单复数形式与其最靠近的那个主语一致。 There is a book and three dictionaries on the desk. (2)not only...but also...,either...or...,neither...nor...等连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词必须与它最近的主语保持一致。 Not only he but also I am going to Beijing. ◇难点就近原则 典例 Look! There ________ a pencil, a ruler, a knife and two books on Jimmy’s desk. A．being B．are C．is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看！吉米的桌子上有一支铅笔、一把尺子、一把小刀和两本书。 考查there be句型的主谓一致。there be句型遵循“就近原则”，即be动词的单复数由离它最近的名词的单复数决定；本句中离be动词最近的名词是“a pencil”，是单数可数名词，因此be动词用单数形式“is”。故选C。 1．Either the teacher or the students ________ the answer. A．know B．knows C．knew D．will know 【答案】A 【详解】句意：要么老师要么学生们知道答案。 考查主谓一致。either…or…“要么……要么……”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，离谓语最近的主语students是复数，所以谓语动词用原形。故选A。 2．Neither the students nor the teacher the answer. A．know B．knows C．knew D．will know 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生们和老师都不知道答案。 考查主谓一致。know知道，动词原形；knows知道，第三人称单数；knew知道，过去式；will know将知道，将来时。根据“Neither the students nor the teacher”可知，当neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与nor后的主语保持一致。题中nor后的主语是the teacher，且句子描述一般事实，应用第三人称单数形式knows。故选B。 3．Not only the students but also the teacher ________ the film before. A．has seen B．have seen C．saw D．sees 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅学生们，而且老师以前也看过这部电影。 考查主谓一致和动词时态。根据时间状语“before”可知应用现在完成时have/has done，表示过去的经历对现在的影响。当“not only...but also...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与but also后的主语保持一致，本句中but also后的主语“the teacher”是单数，因此助动词用has。故选A。 4．—Mom, I’m hungry (饿的). —There ________ an egg and some bread on the table. A．am B．are C．is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我饿了。——桌子上有一个鸡蛋和一些面包。 考查there be句型的主谓一致。根据“an egg and some bread”可知，当there be句型中并列主语由“A and B”构成时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与最近的主语“an egg”保持一致。“an egg”是单数，因此be动词用is。故选C。 5．—Here ________ some pear trees and our school coffee bar. How beautiful! —Great! And here ________ some juice for sale (出售). It’s cool! A．are; is B．is; are C．are; are D．is; is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这里有一些梨树和我们学校的咖啡吧。多么美丽啊！——太棒了！这里有一些果汁出售。真酷！ 考查主谓一致。分析句子可知，句子是here be句型，be的单复数需遵循“就近原则”，空一处就近的主语是some pear trees，为复数，be用are；空二处主语是some juice，为不可数名词，be用is。故选A。 ◇考点 04 就远原则 就 远 原 则 就远原则，即谓语的单复数形式取决于与谓语较远的那个主语的单复数。 主语后跟with短语；The teacher with his students is preparing for the exam. 谓语动词“is”与前面的主语“The teacher”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“with his students”。 主语后跟except短语 Everyone except Tom and Jerry likes this movie. 谓语动词“likes”与前面的主语“Everyone”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“except Tom and Jerry”。 主语后跟as well as短语 He, as well as his brothers, enjoys reading. 谓语动词“enjoys”与前面的主语“He”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“as well as his brothers”。 主语后跟rather than短语 She, rather than they, is responsible for the project. 谓语动词“is”与前面的主语“She”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“rather than they”。 主语后跟including短语 The book, including its appendices, has been translated into multiple languages.谓语动词“has”与前面的主语“The book”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“including its appendices”。 ◇难点就远原则 典例Lucy together with Andy ________ good at Chinese. We often help them ________ their Chinese. A．is; for B．aren’t; for C．isn’t; with D．are; for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：露西和安迪都不擅长中文。我们经常帮助他们学习汉语。 考查主谓一致和介词用法。together with连接主语时，谓语动词需遵循“就远原则”，因此谓语动词与主语“Lucy”保持一致，且结合后文“We often help them”可知，第一空指他们不擅长中文，因此填“isn’t”；根据“We often help them…their Chinese.”可知，此处指帮助他们学习汉语，固定搭配help sb with sth“帮助某人做某事”，故选C。 1．How heavy the rain is! Lily, with her parents, ________ the bus without umbrellas at the bus stop. A．is waiting for B．wait for C．are waiting for D．is waiting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：雨下得多大啊！莉莉和她的父母没有带雨伞在公交车站等公交车。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“How heavy the rain is!”可知，此处表示此时正在下雨，所以莉莉和她的父母正在等公交车，应用现在进行时，其结构为“be动词+doing”；wait for表示“等待”，为固定搭配；主语“Lily”为第三人称单数，be动词应用is。故选A。 2．—Will you visit Yunlong Lake next week? —I as well as my sister ________ yet. We will discuss tonight. A．decide B．decided C．hasn’t decide D．haven’t decided 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你下周要去云龙湖吗？——我和我姐姐还没决定。我们今晚再商量。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。根据时间状语“yet (还、仍)”可知，此句时态应用现在完成时； “as well as”连接两个主语时，谓语动词需与距离谓语较远的那个主语，即“I”保持一致；又因为“I”为第一人称，所以助动词应用have，否定形式为haven’t，动词“decide”的过去分词为decided。故选D。 3．Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ gifts from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：弗兰克对别人不太友好。结果，除了他之外，我所有的同学都收到了彼此的礼物。 考查时态和主谓一致。have got已经收到，复数；has got已经收到，单数；gets收到，单数；were getting正在收到，过去进行时。主语是“all my classmates except him”，其中“except him”是介词短语，不影响主语的数，谓语动词的单复数遵从“就远原则”，真正的主语是“all my classmates”，为复数形式，时态为现在完成时，强调已经收到礼物的结果。故选A。 4．Everyone, including the old people, ________ playing mobile phones in his or her free time now. A．enjoys B．are enjoying C．enjoy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每个人，包括老人，现在都喜欢在空闲时间玩手机。 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。描述事实用一般现在时。句中含有including，遵循“就远原则”。主语为Everyone，谓语动词用三单形式的enjoys。故选A。 5．Jerry with his parents ________ for Guangzhou next week. A．are going B．are leaving C．is leaving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：杰瑞和他的父母下周要动身去广州。 考查主谓一致和动词辨析。going去；leaving离开。主语后接with短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语决定，主语Jerry是单数，谓语动词用单数形式，leave for表示“动身前往”，符合语境。故选C。 ◇题型 01 单项填空中的主谓一致考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2025·吉林长春·中考真题）There ________ some flowers in my room. I often water them. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意： 我的房间里有一些花，我经常给它们浇水。 考查There be句型。根据“some flowers”可知，主语为复数形式，因此be动词应用复数形式；又根据“I often water them.”可知，句子描述的是现在的状态，时态为一般现在时，应用are。故选B。 方｜法｜提｜炼 1. 明确定语主语单复数规则，规避单复陷阱：主谓一致的核心是“主语单复数决定谓语单复”，通常主语的单复可通过名词、代词直接判断（如单数主语he/she/it、复数主语they/we），即使主语后接with/along with等短语，谓语仍与前面的主语单复一致（如 “Tom, along with his friends, plays football”，非 “play”）。若选项中谓语单复与前面主语不一致（如主语Tom单数，选项用play），直接排除；仅特殊主语（如不定代词everyone、集合名词family）需结合语境判断，需单独记忆。 2. 区分特殊主语主谓一致，避免判断混淆：当选项同时出现单数谓语（is/plays/was）和复数谓语（are/play/were）时，根据主语类型判断：不定代词（everyone/something）、不可数名词（water/time）作主语，谓语用单数；集合名词（family/class）表“整体”用单数、表“成员”用复数；并列主语用and连接表“两者都”用复数，表“单一事物”用单数（如 “bread and butter is my breakfast”）。若题干主语是特殊类型，先锁定主语属性，排除与属性不符的选项。 3. 结合语境与时态，验证主谓合理性：若剩余选项难区分，结合题干时态和语义逻辑判断：如一般现在时中，单数主语需用三单谓语（plays/is），复数主语用原形（play/are）；一般过去时中，单数主语用was/did，复数主语用were/did。如题干出现 “every day”（一般现在时），主语he（单数），则排除were/play等选项；结合语义“他每天打篮球”，确定选plays，确保谓语单复、时态与语境完全匹配。 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1 （2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）My mother with her students ________ to volunteer at the old people’s home next week. A．is going B．are going C．goes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我妈妈和她的学生下周要去养老院参加志愿者活动。 考查时态和主谓一致。根据“next week”可知句子用一般将来时be going to，with连接的成分作主语时，遵循就远原则，根据“My mother”可知be动词用is。故选A。 变式2 （2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）—How many doctors are there in your hospital, Peter? —________ them ________ over one hundred. A．The number of; is B．A number of; are C．A number of; is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——彼得，你们医院有多少医生？——他们的数量超过了一百。 考查主谓一致。The number of……的数量，作主语时为单数；A number of一些，修饰名词，作主语时为复数。由“over one hundred”可知，此处表示数量，故用The number of，谓语用第三人称单数is。故选A。 ◇题型 02 词语运用/首字母填空中的主谓一致考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例2（2025·江苏泰州·二模）About three quarters of the population in China (be) farmers twenty years ago. 【答案】were 【详解】句意：大约二十年前，中国有四分之三的人口是农民。“twenty years ago”提示此处句子是一般过去时；population“人口”是集合名词，当句子主语是“分数/百分数+of+population”时，主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数，此处be动词应用were。故填were。 方｜法｜提｜练 步骤1：判断主语的单复数 先锁定句子主语，根据主语的属性（单数/复数），确定谓语动词的单复倾向，这是主谓一致的核心前提。 例：• He ____ (be) a student.（主语he是单数，谓语倾向用单数）• They ____ (be) students.（主语they是复数，谓语倾向用复数）• Water ____ (be) important.（主语water是不可数名词，视为单数，谓语倾向用单数） 步骤2：根据主语单复数+时态，确定谓语形式 结合句子时态（中考重点：一般现在时、一般过去时），根据主语单复数，确定谓语动词的具体形式。 • 谓语形式规则： 1. 一般现在时：主语单数→谓语用三单（is/does/动词+s/es）；主语复数→谓语用原形（are/do/动词原形） 例：She ____ (play) football every day.（主语she单数，一般现在时，填plays）；We ____ (play) football every day.（主语we复数，一般现在时，填play） 2. 一般过去时：主语单数→谓语用was/did；主语复数→谓语用were/did 例：He ____ (be) late yesterday.（主语he单数，一般过去时，填was）；They ____ (be) late yesterday.（主语they复数，一般过去时，填were） 3. 特殊主语：不定代词（everyone/something）、不可数名词作主语，视为单数；集合名词（family/class）表“成员”视为复数，表“整体”视为单数 例：Everyone ____ (like) music.（不定代词单数，填likes）；His family ____ (be) big.（表整体，填is）；His family ____ (eat) dinner together.（表成员，填eat） 步骤3：验证主谓一致与逻辑合理性 谓语动词的形式需与主语单复数、句子时态完全匹配，确保“主语+谓语”结构语义通顺，无语法矛盾。 例：• 30% of the students ____ (like) English.（主语30% of the students是复数，一般现在时，填like，语义为“30%的学生喜欢英语”，通顺）• The book ____ (be) on the desk.（主语the book单数，一般现在时，填is，语义通顺） 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1 （2025·江苏无锡·三模）Not only my parents but my little sister (prepare) for the birthday party when I got home. 【答案】was preparing 【详解】句意：当我回家时，不仅我的父母，而且我的小妹妹都在为生日聚会做准备。prepare动词，意为“准备”；根据“when I got home”可知，当我回家时，他们“正在准备”，句子发生在过去，并且是过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，结构是was/were doing；not only...but also不仅……而且……，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致，因此是was preparing。故填was preparing。 变式2 （2024·江苏无锡·三模）Lily as well as her family (climb) the green mountain nearby at this time of year. 【答案】climbs 【详解】句意：莉莉和她的家人在每年的这个时候都会去爬附近的青山。as well as和……一样，其连接两个名词时，谓语动词应与第一个名词主语保持一致。再根据时间状语“at this time of year”可知，本句是一般现在时态，主语Lily是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，climb第三人称单数形式是climbs。故填climbs。   ◇题型 03语法填空中的主谓一致考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例4（2025·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·模拟预测）Sleep is like food for the brain. Enough sleep helps the body 1 brain grow and develop. According to the latest China Sleep Quality Index (指数), half said that they felt tired after getting up and 15 percent of people had trouble 2 (fall) asleep. Ye Jingying, a sleep expert at Beijing Tongren Hospital, says, “If people often wake up during the night, 3 always feel weak and tired in the day, they should pay attention to their own sleep pattern.” Many people 4 (play) with their cell phones or iPads before sleeping. The report said that this was one of the main 5 (reason) for bad sleep. Other reasons include stress and bad moods. Forming good sleep habits 6 (be) also necessary. The report suggested that people need to keep away from digital devices (数码产品) for at 7 (little) an hour before sleep. The lights keep 8 (they) brains exciting for a long while. Moreover, try to go to sleep and wake up 9 time every day, even on weekends and during holidays, and do some 10 (relax) things before going to bed each night. It can help you fall asleep sooner. 【答案】 1．and 2．falling 3．or 4．play 5．reasons 6．is 7．least 8．their 9．on 10．relaxing 【解析】本文主要介绍了睡眠的重要性，分析了导致睡眠不佳的现代生活习惯（如使用电子产品），并给出了改善睡眠质量的实用建议。 1．句意：充足的睡眠有助于身体和大脑的生长发育。根据“helps the body...brain grow and develop”可知，身体和大脑是并列的两个对象，应用连词and连接。故填and。 2．句意：根据最新的中国睡眠质量指数，一半的人说他们起床后感到疲倦，并且15%的人难以入睡。根据“had trouble”和语境可知，此处表达“入睡有困难”，构成“have trouble (in) doing sth.”的搭配。故填falling。 3．句意：北京同仁医院的睡眠专家叶靖莹说：“如果人们经常在夜间醒来，或者总是在白天感到虚弱和疲倦，他们应该关注自己的睡眠模式。”根据“If people often wake up during the night”和“always feel weak and tired in the day”可知，这是睡眠模式问题可能出现的两种不同或选择性状况，应用连词or连接，表示“或者”。故填or。 4．句意：许多人在睡觉前玩手机或平板电脑。根据“before sleeping”和全文使用的“现在”时态可知，此处描述一个常见习惯，主语为复数，时态为一般现在时，动词用原形。故填play。 5．句意：报告称，这是导致睡眠不佳的主要原因之一。根据“one of the main”可知，其后应接复数名词，表示“主要……之一”。故填reasons。 6．句意：养成良好的睡眠习惯也是必要的。根据主语“Forming good sleep habits”可知，这里表示“养成良好睡眠习惯”这一个行为，动名词“Forming”作主语，视为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。 7．句意：报告建议，人们需要在睡觉前至少远离数码产品一小时。根据“for...an hour before sleep”可知，此处指至少一小时，构成“at least”短语。故填least。 8．句意：光线会使他们的大脑长时间处于兴奋状态。根据“keep...brains excited”可知，此处指“人们的”大脑，需用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 9．句意：此外，试着每天准时睡觉和起床，即使在周末和假日也应如此，并且在每晚睡觉前做一些放松的事情，这可以帮助你更快入睡。根据“wake up...time every day”可知，此处强调“准时”，构成“on time”短语。故填on。 10．句意：此外，试着每天准时睡觉和起床，即使在周末和假日也应如此，并且在每晚睡觉前做一些放松的事情，这可以帮助你更快入睡。根据“do some...things”和“before going to bed”可知，此处指睡前做“令人放松的”事情。故填relaxing。 方｜法｜提｜练 一、 解题核心逻辑 1. 语境优先，定位主语的“单复线索” • 核心原则：主谓一致的判断90%以上能在上下文找到主语单复数的直接线索，无需盲目猜测。 • 操作方法： 1. 向前找：空格前的主语名词、代词（he/she/it/they/this/these等）、数词（one/three）、量词（a pair of/a group of）会直接提示主语单复数。 2. 向后找：空格后的定语从句、介词短语（of+名词）、并列成分，会补充说明主语的范围和单复属性。 3. 全段找：关注主语的“原词复现”“同义替换”或“指代关系”，这是中考主谓一致语法填空最常见的考点。 • 示例：本文第4空 His family ____ (be) going to the park，后文紧接着出现 all his parents and siblings，直接提示此处 family 指代“家庭成员”，为复数，故填 are，这就是典型的“语境提示单复”。 2. 语法辅助，牢记主谓一致“核心规则” • 单数主语对应单数谓语（is/was/动词三单）： ◦ 不可数名词（water, time, money）、单数可数名词（a book, the student）、不定代词（everyone, someone, something）作主语，谓语用单数，如第1空 Water ____ (be) important，填 is。 ◦ 单数主语后接 with/along with/together with 等短语，谓语仍与前面的单数主语一致，如 Tom, together with his friends, ____ (play) football，填 plays。 • 复数主语对应复数谓语（are/were/动词原形）： ◦ 可数名词复数（books, students）、人称代词复数（they, we）、集合名词表“成员”（family, class）作主语，谓语用复数，如第4空填 are。 • 特殊主语的主谓一致： ◦ 并列主语用 and 连接，表“两者都”，谓语用复数；若表“整体/单一事物”，谓语用单数（如 bread and butter 黄油面包）。 ◦ 分数、百分数修饰主语时，谓语单复由后面的名词决定（如 30% of the water is...；30% of the students are...）。 3. 搭配验证，确保谓语“时态+单复一致” • 固定搭配：牢记中考常考特殊结构的主谓一致，如 there be 句型（就近原则，be动词单复由靠近的主语决定）、neither...nor.../either...or...（就近原则）。 • 时态搭配：主谓一致需结合句子时态，一般现在时中，单数主语用动词三单（s/es），复数主语用动词原形；一般过去时中，单数用 was，复数用 were，确保时态与单复不矛盾。 二、 实战解题步骤 1. 通读全文，标记主语线索 快速浏览全文，圈出所有空格对应的主语（如 water, family, students, everyone, 30% of the trees），标注主语的单复属性，建立“主语单复库”，为后续判断做准备。 2. 逐空分析，锁定主语依据 对每个空格，先定位其对应的主语，再结合上下文判断主语单复：例如： ◦ 第1空 There ____ (be) a book and two pens on the desk：结合 there be 就近原则，靠近 be 动词的主语是 a book（单数），故填 is。 ◦ 第5空 70% of the students ____ (like) English：主语是 70% of the students（复数），结合一般现在时，故填 like。 3. 语法检查，确认谓语单复+时态 填完答案后，回头检查谓语形式是否正确： ◦ 单数主语（不可数名词、不定代词等），谓语是否用了单数（is/was/动词三单），如 everyone 后是否用了 likes。 ◦ 复数主语（可数名词复数、集合名词表成员等），谓语是否用了复数（are/were/动词原形），如 family 表成员时是否用了 are。 ◦ 特殊结构（there be, neither...nor...）是否遵循就近原则，时态与单复是否匹配。 4. 代入验证，通读全文流畅性 将所有答案填入空格，完整读一遍，确保： ◦ 谓语动词的单复的主语完全一致，无矛盾。 ◦ 谓语的时态与全文时态统一，语义连贯，符合逻辑。 非谓语动词 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】动词不定式 【考点02】动名词 【考点03】分词 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的非谓语动词考查 【题型02】词语运用/所给词填空中的非谓语动词考查 【题型03】完形填空的非谓语动词考查 【题型04】语法填空的非谓语动词考查 核心考向聚焦 非谓语动词（不定式to do、动名词doing、过去分词done）的用法辨析是考查重点，在各地中考中频繁出现，占语法类考题的15%-20%。其中不定式to do、动名词doing的基本用法及固定搭配是高频考点，过去分词done的用法考查相对较少；同时会结合语境考查非谓语动词的句法功能（作主语、宾语、定语、状语），但相对比重较小，侧重基础应用与固定搭配的考查。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握非谓语动词（to do、doing、done）的核心用法及区别，熟记中考高频固定搭配（如want to do、enjoy doing、be done等），能在语境中准确判断非谓语动词的形式；掌握非谓语动词的基本句法功能，能区分不定式与动名词作主语、宾语的差异，明确过去分词表被动、完成的含义。需通过分类记忆、固定搭配积累突破。熟练辨析易混结构（如stop to do与stop doing、forget to do与forget doing），能结合语境判断非谓语动词的主动与被动、动作先后关系。需强化语境适配与规则应用。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，忽略非谓语动词与谓语动词的区别，误用非谓语动词形式；同时，固定搭配记忆碎片化，易混结构（to do与doing）辨析不清，对过去分词的被动、完成含义理解不透彻；在语篇综合题中，难以结合语境判断非谓语动词的用法，易因搭配错误、逻辑关系混淆失分。需强化固定搭配记忆、语境判断与归类辨析能力。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，非谓语动词仍将以固定搭配、用法辨析为核心，侧重在语篇（完形填空、语法填空）中灵活考查，结合语境判断to do、doing、done的正确用法。将更注重真实情境下的应用，重点考查不定式、动名词的固定搭配及易混结构辨析，过去分词的用法考查将更贴近语境（如作定语、状语）。 策略：备考应放弃对孤立规则的死记硬背，转向 “建模”与“应用” 。重点训练： 1. 紧扣真题，建立非谓语动词分类错题本（固定搭配、易混结构、句法功能），强化在完形填空和语境中判断用法的能力，重点突破to do与doing的辨析易错点。 2. 熟记中考高频固定搭配（如ask sb. to do、keep doing、be interested in doing等），专项练习易混结构、被动含义相关题型，并与书面表达结合训练，规范非谓语动词的用法，避免隐性失分。 ◇考点 01 动词不定式 动词不定式 1.动词不定式的形式：to+动词原形（有时可以省略to）；否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。 2.动词不定式的句法功能 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 一般只作某些动词的宾语 They decided to visit the Great Lakes. 作宾语补足语 位于宾语后，补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。 The teacher asked us to turn off the lights. 作状语 一般在句中作目的、结果、原因状语 He opened the door for her to come in.（作目的状语） Paul is too excited to say anything.（作结果状语） 作主语 常用it作形式主语，而将不定式后置 To learn English well is important. =It is important to learn English well. 作表语 常位于be动词后 Her job is to do the dishes. 作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语（如果是不及物动词，则需加介词） I have a lot of books to read. Please give me some paper to write on. 【拓展】特殊结构的不定式 结构 功能 例句 疑问词+动词不定式 作主语 When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet. 作宾语 I haven't decided yet when to leave. 作表语 The question is where to find water. 作宾语时，还可转化为宾语从句。如： Can you tell me where to get the scarf ? =Can you tell me where I can get the scarf ? 3.常见可接动词不定式作宾语的动词（词组）（v.+to do sth.） afford负担得起 agree同意 choose选择 continue继续 decide决定 expect期望 fail失败 forget忘记 hope希望 learn学习 like喜欢 manage设法 need需要 plan计划 prefer更喜欢 prepare准备 promise承诺 refuse拒绝 wait等待 want想要［2024.69］ would like想要 4.常见接动词不定式作宾补的动词（v.+sb. to do sth.） advise建议 allow允许 ask要求 expect期望 force强迫 help帮助 invite邀请 teach教 tell告诉 want想要 warn警告 wish希望 encourage鼓励 request要求 order命令 5.动词不定式符号to的省略 （1）在一些使役动词和感官动词之后，要把不定式结构中的to省略，但在变为被动语态时，要把省略的to加上（let除外）。常用的有： 一感： feel 二听： listen to， hear 三让： let， have， make 四看： watch， see， look at， notice 如：The boy's funny action made everyone laugh.=Everyone was made to laugh by the boy's funny action. （2）help后带to不带to均可。如： She still works there once a week to help kids （to） learn to read. （3）当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时，通常只需在第一个不定式处用to，其余不定式的to可以省略。但是，如果两者有对比关系，则后面的不定式to不可省略。如： To try and fail is better than not to try at all. （4）why not…后省略to。如： Why not go with Tom? （5）had better…后省略to。如： We'd better ride a shared bike there. 6.不定式的常见句型 （1）It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.对某人来说做某事是……/某人做某事真是…… （2）It takes/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth.做某事花某人……时间。 （3）It's time to do sth.到做某事的时间了。 （4）It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。 （5）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 （6）too+adj.+to do sth.太……而不能做某事 （7）adj.+enough to do sth.足够……去做某事 （8）It's one's duty to do sth.做某事是某人的义务 ◇难点疑问词+动词不定式作宾语 典例 （2025·四川成都·二模）—Do you know ________ to register (注册) for the Chengdu Science Festival next month? —Yes, you can do it on its official website. A．when B．how C．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道如何注册参加下个月的成都科技节吗？——是的，你可以在它的官网上注册。 考查疑问词辨析。when何时；how如何；what什么。根据“you can do it on its official website”可知，问句询问的是注册方式。故选B。 1．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）I think it is necessary for college students _________ part in some social activities. A．take B．taking C．to take D．took 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为大学生有必要参加一些社交活动。 考查非谓语动词。take动词原形；taking动名词形式；to take动词不定式形式；took过去式。“It is+形容词 +for sb.+to do sth.”是一个常见的固定句型 ，表达“做某事对于某人来说是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式“to do sth.”。在本题中，应用动词不定式“to take...”作真正的主语。故选C。 2．（2026·上海普陀·一模）The exchange student never expected ________ such a warm welcome from his new classmates. A．receive B．receiving C．to receive D．received 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位交换生从未预料到会从他的新同学那里收到如此热烈的欢迎。 考查非谓语动词。receive收到（动词原形）；receiving收到（动名词/现在分词）；to receive收到（动词不定式）；received收到（过去式/过去分词）。expect to do sth.“预料做某事”，是固定搭配，C项符合。故选C。 3．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）The best way we can think of ________ our English better is to practice more. As the saying goes, “Practice makes perfect.” A．making B．to make C．make 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们能想到的提高英语的最好方法就是多练习。俗话说：“熟能生巧。” 考查非谓语动词。making动词-ing形式；to make动词不定式；make动词原形。the best way to do sth“做某事的最好方法”，是固定用法。故选B。 4．（2026·上海浦东新·一模）The school requires the seventh graders ________ a safety training course. A．complete B．to complete C．completing D．completed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学校要求七年级学生完成一门安全培训课程。 考查非谓语动词。complete动词，完成。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词“require”后接宾语补足语时，应用动词不定式结构，即“require sb. to do sth.”，意为“要求某人做某事”。故选B。 5．（2025·天津南开·三模）The police officer ran into the room ________ a little girl. A．to save B．save C．saving D．saved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：警察跑进房间救了一个小女孩。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“警察跑进房间”的目的是“救一个小女孩”，表示目的用动词不定式。故选A。 ◇考点 02 动名词 1.动名词的形式：动词原形+-ing；否定形式为“not+动词原形+-ing” 2.动名词的句法功能 功能 用法 例句 作主语 单个动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 Eating too much junk food is bad for your health. 作表语 动名词（短语）作表语可转化为作主语 My hobby is playing the guitar.=Playing the guitar is my hobby. 作宾语 作动词的宾语，表示一般的习惯性行为或经常性动作 My sister enjoys running very much. 作介词的宾语 I'm looking forward to working out the problem. 作定语 位于所修饰词之前，只表明所修饰词的用途等 The meeting room is too small to hold thirty people. 3.常接动名词作宾语的动词（词组）（v.+doing sth.） 分类 示例 动词 avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢 finish完成 imagine想象 keep坚持 mind介意 practice练习 suggest建议 动词词组 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 keep on doing sth.继续做某事 set out doing sth.着手/开始做某事 be busy （in） doing sth.忙于做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事 be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 can't/couldn't stand doing sth.不能忍受做某事 can't/couldn't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 have fun/trouble with/difficulty （in） doing sth.做某事有乐趣/有麻烦/有困难 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 【拓展】既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词 ◇难点动名词作宾语 典例 （2026·上海徐汇·一模）The farmer grows his crops without ________ any chemicals. They are completely organic and safe to eat. A．use B．to use C．using D．used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位农民种庄稼不使用任何化学物质。它们是完全有机的，食用安全。 考查without的用法。without是介词，其后接动词时要用动词的-ing形式，即without doing sth.，表示“不做某事”，所以这里应该用using。故选C。 1．（2025·吉林通化·模拟预测）________ for too long gave Roy a lot of headaches. A．Work B．Working C．To work 【答案】B 【详解】句意：工作太久使Roy很头痛。 考查非谓语动词。根据“...for too long gave Roy a lot of headaches.”可知，此处缺少主语，动词不定式作主语常用于表示目的、意图或未发生的动作，而本句强调一个已经发生的持续行为，应用动名词作主语。故选B。 2．（2025·江苏常州·三模）More attention should be paid to ________ the environment. A．protect B．protecting C．protected D．to protect 【答案】B 【详解】句意：应该更加注意保护环境。 考查非谓语动词。protect保护，动词原形；protecting保护，动名词或现在分词；protected保护，过去式或过去分词；to protect保护，动词不定式。根据“More attention should be paid to...the environment.”可知，此处是固定搭配pay attention to doing sth.“注意做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以用protecting。故选B。 3．（2026·上海青浦·一模）Our school is considering ________ a fun fair to welcome the new year. A．holding B．to hold C．held D．hold 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校正在考虑举办一场游园会来迎接新年。 考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，应用动名词作宾语，故选A。 4．（2026·上海黄浦·一模）Pelé spent his early years ________ soccer barefoot with a ball made of socks. A．play B．to play C．playing D．to playing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：贝利早年光着脚踢足球，用的是袜子做的球。 考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”，此处需用动名词playing。故选C。 5．（2026·上海虹口·一模）Have you finished _______ your English composition on how to keep healthy? A．write B．writing C．to write D．to writing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你写完关于如何保持健康的英语作文了吗？ 考查非谓语动词。动词finish后应接动名词作宾语，表示“完成做某事”，因此空格处需用writing。故选B。 ◇考点 03 分词（课标仅作理解要求） 1.分词的形式 （1）现在分词：v.-ing，表示动作正在发生，有主动、进行之意； （2）过去分词：v.-ed，表示动作已经完成，有被动、完成之意。 2.分词的用法 分词在句中可起形容词或副词的作用，作表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语，也可构成各种进行或完成时态和语态。 （1）作表语：The film was so moving that I was deeply moved. （2）作定语：The book written by Mr. Wang is very interesting. （3）作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步等。如： Laughing and talking, the kids went into the room.（表伴随） （4）作宾语补足语：We all want the problem to be solved. ◇难点过去分词作定语 典例 （2025·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）Some housework ________ by your parents should be done on your own. A．is given B．given C．gives 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你父母分配的一些家务应该由你自己完成。 考查过去分词作后置定语。分析句子结构可知，空格处需填入一个词修饰“housework”，且与“by your parents”构成被动关系，A项“is given”是谓语动词形式，但句中已有谓语“should be done”，故排除；C项“gives”是主动语态，与语境矛盾，故排除。B项“given”是过去分词，可作后置定语，表被动，正确。故选B。 1．（2025·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）—Look! There are some students ________ basketball on the playground. —Yes. I often see them ________ basketball there. A．play, play B．playing, play C．to play, playing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——看！操场上有一些学生在打篮球。——是的。我经常看到他们在那里打篮球。 考查非谓语动词。there be sb. doing sth.“有某人正在做某事”，第一个空应填现在分词。根据“often see”可知，此处用see sb. do sth.表示“看见某人做某事”，强调整个过程，故选B。 2．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）The couple were seen ________ a walk outside at this time yesterday . Nobody knows when they came back. A．take B．taken C．took D．taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，有人看见这对夫妇正在外面散步。没人知道他们何时回来的。 考查非谓语动词。根据“...a walk outside at this time yesterday”可知，此处强调他们被看见时正在散步，see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，固定词组，因此需用动词的现在分词。故选D。 3．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）When I opened my eyes, I saw Melissa ________ at the end of my bed. A．stand B．standing C．to stand D．stood 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我睁开眼睛时，我看到Melissa站在我的床尾。 考查非谓语动词。根据“When I opened my eyes”可知，此处表示睁眼时正看到的事情，用see sb doing sth“看见某人正做某事”。故选B。 4．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模）—How will you deal with our old fridge, dear? —Well, I am considering having it ________ and then we don’t need to buy a new one. A．repair B．repaired C．to repair 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——亲爱的，你打算怎么处理我们的旧冰箱？——嗯，我在考虑把它修好，这样我们就不需要买新的了。 考查非谓语动词。根据“having it...”可知，此处考查固定用法have sth done表示“让某事被做”，此处应填过去分词repaired，表示“让冰箱被修理”。故选B。 5．（2025·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）Peter’s Chinese was very poor when he came to China, so he couldn’t make himself ________. A．understanding B．to understand C．understood 【答案】C 【详解】句意：彼得来中国时中文很差，所以他无法让别人理解他。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Peter’s Chinese was very poor”可知，彼得中文很差，不能使自己被人理解，make oneself done“使某人自己被……”，空处用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C。 ◇题型 01 单项填空中的非谓语动词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2026·上海金山·一模）Students are required ________ their hands before speaking in the discussion. A．raise B．raised C．raising D．to raise 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在讨论中发言前，学生们被要求举手。 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配“be required to do sth.”，意为是“被要求做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作主语补足语。故选D。 方｜法｜提｜炼 1. 明确非谓语固定搭配规则，规避搭配陷阱：非谓语动词（to do/doing/done）的单选，90%考查固定搭配，不同动词后接的非谓语形式固定（如 “want to do”“enjoy doing”），即使题干语境变化，搭配形式也不改变（如 “He wants to go”“She wants to go”，均用to do）。若选项中搭配形式错误（如 “want doing”“enjoy to do”），直接排除；仅特殊搭配（如 “stop to do/stop doing”“remember to do/remember doing”）含义不同，需单独记忆，区分语境差异。 2. 区分非谓语三种形式用法，避免形式混淆：当选项同时出现to do、doing、done三种形式时，根据动作逻辑和句子功能判断：表目的、将来用to do（如 “to study hard”），表主动、伴随、进行用doing（如 “studying hard”），表被动、已完成用done（如 “studied hard”）。若题干强调“动作目的”，排除doing和done选项；若强调“被动状态”，排除to do和doing选项，精准锁定形式。 3. 结合语境逻辑，验证非谓语合理性：若剩余选项难区分（如 “stop to do”与“stop doing”），结合题干语义判断：如 “He stopped to read”（停下来去读书，表目的）与 “He stopped reading”（停止读书，表停止动作），根据题干中“he was tired”（他累了）的语境，可确定是“停止读书”，选stopped reading，确保非谓语形式与题干语义、动作逻辑完全匹配。 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1 （2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）We can’t afford ________ time on video games as the final exam is coming. A．to waste B．wasting C．waste 【答案】A 【详解】句意：期末考试快到了，我们不能把时间浪费在电子游戏上。 考查动词短语。“can’t afford to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“承担不起做某事”，此处应填to waste。故选A。 变式2 （2025·吉林松原·模拟预测）I’m happy that Judy has become the first one ______ five books during the Reading Week. A．finished B．to finish C．finishing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我很高兴朱迪成为第一个在读书周读完五本书的人。 考查非谓语动词。finished完成，过去式；to finish完成，动词不定式；finishing完成，动名词或现在分词。根据“Judy has become the first one”可知，the first one to do sth“第一个做某事的人”，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰the first one。故选B。 ◇题型 02 词语运用/所给词填空中的非谓语动词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例2（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）The doctor did what he could (save) the dying man. 【答案】to save 【详解】句意：医生尽了全力来挽救垂死的人。空处在句中作目的状语，用不定式形式。故填to save。 方｜法｜提｜练 步骤1：判断句子是否缺谓语（定非谓语前提） 若句子已有完整谓语动词（含时态、被动），且无并列连词（and/but/or）连接，所给动词需用非谓语形式（to do/doing/done）；若句子无谓语，需用动词的时态/语态形式（非非谓语）。 例：• He ____ (read) a book now.（已有谓语标志now，无其他谓语，用时态，填is reading，非非谓语）• He wants ____ (read) a book.（已有谓语wants，无连词，用非谓语，填to read） 步骤2：根据逻辑与功能判断非谓语形式 当确定用非谓语时，根据动作逻辑（主动/被动）和句子功能（目的/伴随/定语等），选择to do、doing、done三种形式。 • 非谓语形式规则： 1. 不定式（to do）：表目的、将来、未做，或前面有固定搭配动词（want/decide/hope等） 例：She hopes ____ (visit) her teacher.（hope后接to do，填to visit）；He came here ____ (see) me.（表目的，填to see） 2. 现在分词（doing）：表主动、正在进行、伴随，或前面有固定搭配动词（enjoy/practice/finish等） 例：He enjoys ____ (play) football.（enjoy后接doing，填playing）；They walked along the street, ____ (talk) happily.（表伴随，填talking） 3. 过去分词（done）：表被动、已完成，且动作承受者是句子主语 例：The broken window ____ (repair) yesterday.（window是repair的承受者，表被动完成，填was repaired，非非谓语）；I saw a letter ____ (write) by her.（letter是write的承受者，填written） 步骤3：验证搭配与逻辑合理性 非谓语形式需贴合固定搭配、动作逻辑，确保“所给词形式+句子语境”语义通顺，无搭配错误、逻辑矛盾。 例：• He decided ____ (go) home.（decide to do固定搭配，填to go，语义为“他决定回家”，通顺）• The book ____ (write) by Lu Xun is popular.（book是write的承受者，填written，语义为“鲁迅写的书很受欢迎”，通顺） 中考高频考点总结 固定搭配+to do 前面是want/decide/hope/promise等词，用to do He wants to study hard.（want to do） 固定搭配+doing 前面是enjoy/practice/finish/mind等词，用doing She practices speaking English.（practice doing） 表目的/将来 用to do He went out to buy some milk.（表目的） 表主动/伴随/进行 用doing They sat there talking.（表伴随） 表被动/已完成 用done The clothes washed by my mom are clean.（表被动） 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1 （2025·甘肃武威·一模）I like the books (write) by Lu Xun. 【答案】written 【详解】句意：我喜欢鲁迅写的那些书。根据“the books…by Lu Xun”可知，此处用过去分词作定语修饰books，write应变为过去分词形式written。故填written。 变式2 （2025·吉林通化·模拟预测）The young should do meaningful things instead of (play) with phones all day. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：年轻人应该做些有意义的事，而不是整天玩手机。“instead of”意为“而不是”，为介词短语，后面应接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。此处“玩手机”应为动名词形式。动词play的动名词是playing。故填 playing。    ◇题型 03 完形填空的非谓语动词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例3（2025·广东广州·三模）One afternoon, I sat by a lake watching an old man fishing. He sat quietly by the water for hours, yet he never seemed 1 . “Why do you like fishing so much?” I asked. He smiled and said, “Fishing teaches me patience.” I nodded, not fully understanding. Then he told me a story. “Years ago, I was a young man full of 2 . I hurried through life and always 3 about what I didn’t have. One day, a friend took me fishing. “Sit and watch the water,” he said. 4 I waited, I noticed the sun 5 on the lake, and a bird flew across the sky 6 . For the first time, I felt inner peace. Fishing taught me how to stop and appreciate the moment.” “But what if you don’t catch 7 fish?” I asked. “Ah,” he said, “the secret isn’t about the fish. It’s about 8 to be present. Life is like a lake 9 sometimes is calm, sometimes full of waves. The key is to keep 10 steady even when the storm comes.” His words made a difference 11 me. Later, I faced a difficult exam. Instead of being afraid, I remembered his advice. I told myself that I 12 stay calm and trust my preparation. So I took deep breaths and focused on each question. When I saw the results, I found I had done better than expected. Now, whenever I feel stressed, I recall 13 afternoon by the lake. The old man wasn't just teaching me about fishing; he also taught me a lesson in life. He showed me that happiness 14 not in rushing to the end, but in enjoying the journey. Sometimes, the most valuable lessons come from the simplest moments—if only we spend the time 15 them. 1．A．boring B．bored C．boringly D．boredly 2．A．angry B．angrily C．anger D．angering 3．A．to complain B．complaining C．complain D．complained 4．A．When B．Though C．After D．Until 5．A．shone B．shine C．shining D．to shine 6．A．slowly B．slower C．slow D．more slowly 7．A．some B．no C．any D．all 8．A．to learn B．learned C．learn D．learning 9．A．which B．who C．when D．what 10．A．us B．ourselves C．our D．we 11．A．of B．from C．to D．on 12．A．must B．can C．may D．might 13．A．an B．a C．the D．/ 14．A．finds B．is found C．found D．was found 15．A．notice B．to notice C．noticing D．noticed 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．C 【解析】本文讲述了“我”在湖边观察一位老人钓鱼时，听他分享钓鱼教会自己耐心与活在当下的人生故事。老人年轻时性情急躁，因钓鱼学会欣赏当下；后来“我”将这一道理应用于考试，成功克服压力。故事揭示了幸福源于享受过程而非匆忙追逐结果的哲理。 1．句意：他在水边安静地坐了几个小时，却似乎从不感到无聊。 boring令人无聊的，修饰物；bored感到无聊的，修饰人；boringly无聊地，副词；boredly无聊地，副词。根据“yet he never seemed...”可知，此处需形容词作表语，修饰人（he）的感受，所以用bored。故选B。 2．句意：多年前，我是个充满愤怒的年轻人。 angry愤怒的，形容词；angrily愤怒地，副词；anger愤怒，名词；angering使愤怒，动名词。根据“full of...”可知，介词后需接名词。故选C。 3．句意：我匆忙度过人生，总是抱怨自己没有的东西。 to complain抱怨，不定式；complaining动名词；complain动词原形；complained过去式。根据“hurried through life and always...”可知，此处与“hurried”并列，需用一般过去时。故选D。 4．句意：当我等待时，我注意到阳光洒在湖面上，一只鸟缓缓飞过天空。 When当……时，引导时间状语从句；Though尽管，引导让步状语从句；After在……之后，引导时间状语从句；Until直到，引导时间状语从句。根据“I noticed the sun...”可知，“等待”与“注意到阳光”同时发生，用“When”引导时间状语从句。故选A。 5．句意：当我等待时，我注意到阳光洒在湖面上，一只鸟缓缓飞过天空。 shone照耀，过去式；shine照耀，动词原形；shining照耀，现在分词；to shine照耀，不定式。根据“noticed the sun...”可知，固定搭配“notice sb./sth. doing sth.”表示“注意到某物正在做某事”。故选C。 6．句意：当我等待时，我注意到阳光洒在湖面上，一只鸟缓缓飞过天空。 slowly缓慢地，副词；slower更慢的，形容词比较级；slow慢的，形容词；more slowly更慢地，副词比较级。根据“a bird flew across the sky”可知，此处需副词修饰动词“flew”，所以用slowly。故选A。 7．句意：“但如果你钓不到任何鱼呢？” 我问。 some一些，用于肯定句；no没有；any任何，用于否定/疑问句；all所有，形容词。根据“don’t catch...fish”可知，否定句中表示“任何鱼”用“any”。故选C。 8．句意：秘诀不在于鱼，而在于学会活在当下。 to learn学习，不定式；learned学习，过去式；learn学习，动词原形；learning学习，动名词。根据“about...to be present”可知，介词“about”后接动名词。故选D。 9．句意：生活就像一片湖，有时平静，有时波涛汹涌。 which关系代词，指物，作主语/宾语；who关系代词，指人；when关系副词，指时间；what不能引导定语从句，可引导宾语从句。根据“a lake...sometimes is calm”可知，定语从句修饰物“lake”，且引导词在从句中作主语，用which。故选A。 10．句意：关键是即使暴风雨来临时，也要让自己保持镇定。 us我们，宾格；ourselves我们自己，反身代词；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；we我们，主格。根据“keep...steady”可知，固定搭配“keep oneself steady”表示“让自己保持镇定”，用反身代词 ourselves。故选B。 11．句意：他的话对我产生了影响。 of……的；from来自；to对……；on在……上。根据“made a difference...”可知，固定搭配“make a difference to sb.”表示“对某人产生影响”，所以用介词to。故选C。 12．句意：我告诉自己必须保持冷静，相信自己的准备。 must必须，强调主观必要性；can能够；may可能；might可能，过去式。根据“stay calm and trust my preparation”可知，此处表示“必须”保持冷静，“must”语气坚定，符合应对考试的语境。故选A。 13．句意：现在，每当我感到压力时，就会回想起在湖边的那个下午。 an一个，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；a一个，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；the这个，定冠词，表特指；/不填。根据“afternoon by the lake”可知，此处特指前文提到的“在湖边的下午”，用定冠词the。故选C。 14．句意：他让我明白，幸福不在于匆忙奔向终点，而在于享受旅程。 finds找到，第三人称单数；is found被找到，一般现在时的被动语态；found找到，过去式；was found被找到，一般过去时的被动语态。根据“happiness...not in rushing”可知，幸福是“被发现”的，且句子为一般现在时，用被动语态“is found”。故选B。 15．句意：有时，最宝贵的教训来自最简单的时刻——只要我们花时间留意它们。 notice留意，动词原形；to notice留意，不定式；noticing留意，动名词；noticed留意，过去式。根据“spend the time...”可知，固定搭配“spend time doing sth.”表示“花时间做某事”，所以用动名词noticing。故选C。 方｜法｜提｜练 一、 解题核心逻辑 1. 语境优先，定位非谓语的“逻辑呼应” • 核心原则：非谓语动词（to do/doing/done）的选择90%以上都能在上下文找到动作逻辑（主动/被动、目的/伴随）和固定搭配的直接线索。 • 操作方法： 1. 向前找：空格前的动词（如want、enjoy、decide）、主语（动作的发出者/承受者）会提示非谓语的形式（固定搭配或主被动）。 2. 向后找：空格后的名词（动作对象）、介词、目的状语或结果状语，会解释非谓语的动作含义和逻辑关系。 3. 全段找：关注非谓语动作与句子主语的逻辑关系（主动/被动）、动作的时间状态（未做/正在做/已完成），这是中考非谓语完形填空最常见的考点。 • 示例：本文第2空 He stood there ____ (wait) for his mother，后文紧接着出现 “until she came back”，提示动作是“主动、伴随”状态，直接提示此处应填 waiting，这就是典型的“语境逻辑呼应”。 2. 语法辅助，判断非谓语的“形式选择” • 不定式（to do）判断： ◦ 若空格表“目的、将来、未做”，或前面有want、decide、hope等词，优先用to do，如第1空 She wants ____ (visit) her grandma，填 to visit。 ◦ 若出现too…to…、enough to…等固定结构，直接用to do，如 He is too young ____ (go) to school，填 to go。 • 现在分词（doing）判断： ◦ 若空格表“主动、正在进行、伴随”，或前面有enjoy、practice、finish等词，优先用doing，如第2空 waiting 表主动伴随，第3空 He enjoys ____ (read) books，填 reading。 • 过去分词（done）判断： ◦ 若空格表“被动、已完成”，且动作承受者是句子主语，用done，如第4空 The window ____ (break) by Tom yesterday，填 broken（作定语/补语）。 3. 搭配验证，确保非谓语的“合理使用” • 固定搭配：积累中考常考非谓语固定搭配，如 want to do（想要做）、enjoy doing（喜欢做）、stop to do（停下来去做）、stop doing（停止做）、get done（被……）。 • 逻辑搭配：确保所选非谓语符合动作逻辑，如“等待妈妈”是主动伴随，用waiting；“窗户被打破”是被动完成，用broken，符合生活和语境逻辑。 二、 实战解题步骤 1. 通读全文，标记非谓语线索 快速浏览全文，圈出所有出现的动词（如want、enjoy、wait、break）和空格对应的非谓语位置，标注句子主语（动作发出者/承受者），建立“动词-逻辑关系库”，为后续判断做准备。 2. 逐空分析，锁定语境依据 对每个空格，先看前后文的动作逻辑和固定搭配，再判断非谓语形式：例如： ◦ 第1空 She decided ____ (help) the old man：结合空格前decide，固定搭配decide to do，故填 to help。 ◦ 第5空 We saw a girl ____ (cry) in the street：结合语境，“看到女孩正在哭”，动作主动且正在进行，故填 crying。 3. 语法检查，确认非谓语形式 填完答案后，回头检查非谓语形式是否正确： ◦ 表目的、将来用to do，表主动、伴随用doing，表被动、完成用done，如wait用waiting，break用broken。 ◦ 固定搭配是否准确，如enjoy后是否用doing，decide后是否用to do，无搭配错误。 4. 代入验证，通读全文流畅性 将所有答案填入空格，完整读一遍，确保： ◦ 非谓语与前后动词的搭配自然，固定搭配无错误。 ◦ 非谓语的动作逻辑与主语一致，整个故事的情节连贯、语义通顺。 ◇题型 04 语法填空中的非谓语动词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例4（2025·广东深圳·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the Chinese saying goes, “Food is the first necessity (必需品) of the people.” Chinese people often greet each other by asking, “Did you eat?” instead 1 “How are you?” Chinese food culture has attracted many foreigners, including Fifa from Madagascar (马达加斯加). On Fifa’s 2 (eleven) birthday, her parents took her to a local Chinese restaurant for dinner. The food there was so 3 (taste) that she asked her parents to take her there more often. Since then, Fifa has developed a deep love for Chinese food. In 2010, Fifa 4 (come) to study in a Chinese university. For her, this was a great chance 5 (discover) more about Chinese food. Over the past years, she has tried many 6 (dish) and drinks from different places in China, such as hot dry noodles in Hubei and morning tea in Guangdong. She has found out 7 makes each area’s cuisine (美食) special. In addition to the mouth-watering food, the cultural traditions behind it have also left 8 deep impression on her. For example, in Guangdong, morning tea is not only about the snacks, 9 also about the valuable time people spend with their family and friends. Fifa said that she was 10 (real) amazed at how food could hold so much meaning. For her, it was an eye-opening experience that she would always remember. 【答案】 1．of 2．eleventh 3．tasty 4．came 5．to discover 6．dishes 7．what 8．a 9．but 10．really 【解析】本文主要讲述了来自马达加斯加的Fifa对中国食物文化的喜爱，包括她第一次接触中国食物的经历、在中国学习期间对中国各地美食的探索以及美食背后的文化传统给她留下的深刻印象。 1．句意：中国人经常用“你吃了吗？”而不是“你好吗？”来互相问候。根据“instead...‘How are you?’”可知，此处考查短语instead of“代替；而不是”。故填of。 2．句意：在Fifa的11岁生日那天，她的父母带她去当地的一家中国餐馆吃晚饭。根据“On Fifa’s...birthday”可知，此处表示“第11个生日”，应该用序数词eleventh。故填eleventh。 3．句意：那里的食物很好吃，她让父母经常带她去那里。根据“The food there was so...”可知，此处应该用形容词tasty“美味的”，在句中作表语。故填tasty。 4．句意：2010年，Fifa来到中国的一所大学学习。根据“In 2010”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词come应该用其过去式came“来”。故填came。 5．句意：对她来说，这是一个发现更多中国食物的绝佳机会。discover“发现”，根据“this was a great chance...more about Chinese food”可知，此处考查短语a chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to discover。 6．句意：在过去的几年里，她尝试了许多来自中国不同地方的美食和饮料，比如湖北的热干面和广东的早茶。many后接可数名词复数形式，dish的复数为dishes“菜”。故填dishes。 7．句意：她已经发现了是什么让每个地区的美食变得特别。根据“She has found out...makes each area’s cuisine special.”可知，此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“什么”，应该用what来引导宾语从句。故填what。 8．句意：除了令人垂涎的食物，其背后的文化传统也给她留下了深刻的印象。根据“the cultural traditions behind it have also left...deep impression on her”可知，此处考查短语leave a deep impression on sb.“给某人留下深刻印象”。故填a。 9．句意：例如，在广东，早茶不仅仅是关于小吃，也是关于人们与家人和朋友共度的宝贵时间。根据“not only about the snacks,...also about the valuable time people spend with their family and friends”可知，此处考查短语not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 10．句意：Fifa说，她真的很惊讶食物竟然能包含如此多的意义。根据“Fifa said that she was...amazed”可知，此处应该用副词really“真正地”，修饰形容词amazed。故填really。 方｜法｜提｜练 一、解题核心逻辑 1. 先判成分：看空格在句中 “做什么” ・核心原则：语法填空给动词，90% 考谓语 vs 非谓语，先判断是否缺谓语。 ・操作方法： 找句子主干：若已有谓语动词（时态 / 被动），且无连词，则空格填非谓语。 看空格功能：作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语，优先锁定非谓语。 看逻辑主语：非谓语的动作发出者 = 句子主语，以此判断主被动。 2. 再定形式：非谓语三选一（to do /doing/done） （1）to do（不定式） ・含义：目的、将来、未做、要去做 ・常考场景： 表目的：in order to do, so as to do 固定搭配：want /decide/plan /hope/refuse /promise to do 作定语：the first to do, something to eat 作状语：too…to…, enough to… （2）doing（现在分词 / 动名词） ・含义：主动、正在进行、习惯、爱好、完成 ・常考场景： 作主语 / 宾语：like /enjoy/practice /finish/mind /keep doing 作定语：表用途或主动：a sleeping boy, a swimming pool 作状语：表伴随、原因、时间 （3）done（过去分词） ・含义：被动、已完成 ・常考场景： 作定语：something done 被做的某事 作状语 / 补语：表被动完成 3. 固定搭配秒杀：中考必背 “死记句型” ・只接 to do： want, hope, decide, plan, refuse, promise, learn, agree, try ・只接 doing： enjoy, practice, finish, mind, keep, avoid, suggest, miss ・可接两种但含义不同： stop to do 停下来去做；stop doing 停止做 remember/forget to do 记得 / 忘记去做；remember/forget doing 记得 / 忘记做过 二、实战解题步骤 1. 定词性：给动词→先判断谓语 / 非谓语 句子已有谓语，无连词 → 填非谓语 句子无谓语 → 考虑时态、语态、主谓一致 2. 定逻辑：看主动还是被动 逻辑主语发出动作 → doing /to do 逻辑主语承受动作 → done 3. 定时间 / 功能：选 to do /doing/done 表目的、将来 → to do 表主动、进行、习惯 → doing 表被动、完成 → done 4. 查固定搭配：直接套用 看到 like/enjoy/finish/practice 等，直接锁 doing； 看到 want/decide/plan/hope 等，直接锁 to do。 5. 代入通读：语义通顺 + 语法正确 非谓语形式是否正确 主动被动是否合理 固定搭配是否准确 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $