Unit3 Food and Culture Discover Useful Structures 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语导学案聚焦过去完成时，核心涵盖其基本结构、用法及与现在完成时的对比。通过“语法感悟”模块的短文阅读，引导学生在语境中归纳结构和“过去的过去”的含义，以填空练习为支架衔接前后知识。 资料以情境化输入与结构化练习为亮点，短文阅读提升语言理解能力，对比练习与高考真题融入培养思维品质，分层习题设计助力巩固应用，有效发展学生的学习能力，适合高中英语语法教学使用。

XB2U3 学案3 【目标】1.掌握过去完成时的结构和用法 2.能在语法填空正确运用过去完成时 【重难点】理解过去完成时的含义 【学】语法感悟（读短文，归纳过去完成时的基本结构及其含义） Lily had planned the cookie recipe carefully before she started cooking on Sunday morning. The baking stuff she prepared consisted of butter, flour, sugar and chocolate chips. She had not missed any fundamental ingredients, so the mixing step went well. Had she stirred the dough thoroughly enough to make an exceptional taste? She double-checked it patiently. When her mom came back home, she was surprised that the cookies had been baked ideally in the oven. They had not been burnt at all, thanks to Lily’s strict control of the baking time. Mom took a bite and praised Lily’s wonderful work warmly. 基本结构：(肯定)_________________(否定)_______________(疑问)____________________ 被动语态：(肯定)_________________________(否定)_____________________ 基本含义：过去完成时表示在___________________或__________________已经_______或______的动作，即“________________________”。 【展】重点用法（完成例句练习总结过去完成时的用法） 1. By the end of last month, the chef ________________(learn) some recipes of making dim sum. 2. Before the party started, the table __________________________(decorate) with fresh flowers. 3. The little boy thought that his mom __________(add) too much salt to the tomato and egg soup. 4. By yesterday, this cooking course_______________(engage) 30 people who love pancake rolls. 总结（1）：常见时间状语：______________________________________________ 1. She ___________________(plan) to bake cheese bread for the picnic, but she ran out of flour. 2. Tom _________________(intend) to learn how to make sushi, but he missed the cooking class. 3. My mom ___________(hope) to buy fresh mushrooms for the soup, but the market was closed. 总结（2）：动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示___________________ _____的想法,希望，打算或意图等时，意为________________________ 1. Scarcely _______ the chef ___________(add) salt to the soup when the fire went out suddenly. 2. Hardly ____ I _______(take) the cookies out of the oven when they started to smell delicious. 3. No sooner _____we ________(buy) all the ingredients for hot pot than it began to rain heavily. 总结（3）：常用固定句型：刚...就..:_________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ [翻译]他刚把热牛奶倒进杯子，电话就大声响了起来。(Hardly ...when ) _______________________________________________________________________________ 1. It was the first time that she ______________________(make) dumplings all by herself. 2. It was the second time that the little boy _________________(taste) homemade chocolate cake. 3. This ___________ (be) the first time that Tom has learned to knead dough for steamed buns. 4. This was the most delicious cake that I ________________(had). 5. It is the best gift that I _____________________(receive). 总结（4）：It was/is the first time that … 和It was/is the+最高级+n. that 句型中，若主语中的be动词为____________________, 从句中的谓语则用_______________________时；若主句中的be动词为_________________, 从句中的谓语则用________________________时。 [翻译]这是双胞胎第一次为妈妈做早餐。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 这是我做过的最勇敢的决定。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【展】对比两个完成时 1. Recently, I ____________________(learn) to make zongzi. 2. I ____________________(learn) to make zongzi before I attended the cooking contest. ___________________时强调过去的动作对现在的影响； ____________________时强调动作或状态开始于过去，也结束于过去 【评】一、单句语法填空 1. Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I ___________________ (keep) telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. (2020 全国Ⅰ卷) 2. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, ____________________ (arrive) before other activists with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!” (2020 全国Ⅲ卷改) 3. Arriving at the party, we were disappointed to find that the band ___________________ (stop) playing. 4. Ehlers called Lisa to tell them that their dog _______________________ (find). (2019 全国Ⅱ卷) 5. Last winter, when I ____________ (go) there again, they _____________ (have) a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens. (2018 全国Ⅰ卷) 6. Ben ________________ (move) to England with his mum when he was three and it ______________ (be) 13 years since I had last seen him. (2018 全国Ⅱ卷) 7. This is the first time he _____________________ (confront) an armed robber. 8. Millions of years ago, dinosaurs roamed (漫步) the earth, but they ____________________ (become) extinct by the time humankind first appeared. 9. Mary, when questioned why she _____________________ (cheat) in the exam, just lowered her head. 10. Since then, Ricky _____________________ (decide) to become a “Maximum Efficiency Boy”, 11. My husband and I agreed that they were the best fruit we ________________________(eat). 12. I ____________(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. 13.When he arrived at the spot, the injured ______________________(send) to the hospital. 14.She told her children about a family she _________________(visit) the day before. 15.No sooner had the rain stopped than the children ___________(run) outside to play. 二、语篇填空（填入恰当的形式） Last year, my brother and I _____________ (go) to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who ________________ (be) there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we _____________________ (plan) for months. When the day came, we were ready. After our plane __________ (land), we went to the hotel. We ____________________ (make) our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there _____________ (be) a mistake. We _________________ (tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, but for the week after. I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card ____________________ (charge) for the reservation. What’s worse, the hotel ____________________ (book) fully. When we _________________ (wonder) what to do, the manager came out. She was surprisingly helpful. She apologized for the mistake and __________ (give) us a spare VIP room on the top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we _________________ (watch) some people play volleyball. We got a little sunburnt, but the day _______________ (be) so relaxing that we didn’t mind. XB2U3学案3 参考答案 【学】语法感悟 基本结构 - 肯定：had + 过去分词 - 否定：had not (hadn't) + 过去分词 - 疑问：Had + 主语 + 过去分词？ 被动语态 - 肯定：had been + 过去分词 - 否定：had not been (hadn't been) + 过去分词 基本含义 过去完成时表示在过去某个时间点或过去某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。 【展】重点用法 完成例句练习 1. By the end of last month, the chef had learned (learn) some recipes of making dim sum. 2. Before the party started, the table had been decorated (decorate) with fresh flowers. 3. The little boy thought that his mom had added (add) too much salt to the tomato and egg soup. 4. By yesterday, this cooking course had engaged (engage) 30 people who love pancake rolls. 总结（1）：常见时间状语 by + 过去时间点（by the end of last month/by yesterday）、before + 过去时间状语从句、after + 过去时间状语从句、until + 过去时间点等 5. She had planned (plan) to bake cheese bread for the picnic, but she ran out of flour. 6. Tom had intended (intend) to learn how to make sushi, but he missed the cooking class. 7. My mom had hoped (hope) to buy fresh mushrooms for the soup, but the market was closed. 总结（2） 动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等时，意为“本来想/打算/希望做某事但未做到”。 8. Scarcely had the chef added (add) salt to the soup when the fire went out suddenly. 9. Hardly had I taken (take) the cookies out of the oven when they started to smell delicious. 10. No sooner had we bought (buy) all the ingredients for hot pot than it began to rain heavily. 总结（3）：常用固定句型（刚……就……） - Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when + 一般过去时从句 - Hardly had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when + 一般过去时从句 - No sooner had + 主语 + 过去分词 + than + 一般过去时从句 翻译：Hardly had he poured the hot milk into the cup when the telephone rang loudly. 11. It was the first time that she had made (make) dumplings all by herself. 12. It was the second time that the little boy had tasted (taste) homemade chocolate cake. 13. This is (be) the first time that Tom has learned to knead dough for steamed buns. 14. This was the most delicious cake that I had had (had). 15. It is the best gift that I have received (receive). 总结（4） It was/is the first time that … 和It was/is the+最高级+n. that 句型中，若主语中的be动词为was，从句中的谓语则用过去完成时；若主句中的be动词为is，从句中的谓语则用现在完成时。 翻译： - It was the first time that the twins had made breakfast for their mother. - This is the bravest decision that I have ever made. 对比两个完成时 1. Recently, I have learned (learn) to make zongzi. 2. I had learned (learn) to make zongzi before I attended the cooking contest. 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响； 过去完成时强调动作或状态开始于过去，也结束于过去。 【评】练习题答案 一、单句语法填空 二、语篇填空 Last year, my brother and I went (go) to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been (be) there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned (plan) for months. When the day came, we were ready. After our plane landed (land), we went to the hotel. We had made (make) our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there was (be) a mistake. We were told (tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, but for the week after. I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit card had been charged (charge) for the reservation. What’s worse, the hotel had been booked (book) fully. When we were wondering (wonder) what to do, the manager came out. She was surprisingly helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave (give) us a spare VIP room on the top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we watched (watch) some people play volleyball. We got a little sunburnt, but the day was (be) so relaxing that we didn’t mind. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $