专题03 完成式的主动被动形态（方法技巧+高考模拟）（期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期外研版

该高中英语期末复习讲义通过考情分析表格系统梳理完成式考点分布，以“定义-构成-用法”分层呈现过去完成时（主动had done/被动had been done）和现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）核心知识，并用对比表格归纳易错点（如过去完成时与一般过去时、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区分），清晰呈现重难点及内在逻辑。 讲义亮点在于分阶练习设计与精准方法指导，如“三步解题法”（判时态、定形式、找标志）培养语言能力，易混易错题（选择leave/had left区分过去完成时与一般过去时）提升思维品质。基础通关题巩固结构，高考链接题对接真题，助力基础生掌握框架、优秀生突破难点，教师可依此实施分层复习教学。

专题03完成式的主动被动形态（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考 I 卷 现在完成进行时 【考向透视】 三种时态均以语法填空、选择题为主要考查形式，核心聚焦 “语境逻辑 + 时间标志词” 的精准判断，侧重考查现在完成进行时表动作持续的含义、过去完成时 “过去的过去” 的时间先后关系，以及过去完成时被动语态 “动作被完成的时间与被动关系” 的双重逻辑，同时强调与一般过去时、现在完成时的区分。 【复习目标】 1. 熟练掌握三种时态的基本构成（现在完成进行时：have/has been doing；过去完成时：had done；过去完成时被动：had been done）； 2. 精准识别高频时间标志词（如 since、by the end of + 过去时间等），快速匹配对应时态； 3. 能通过语境判断动作的时间逻辑（持续 / 先后）与主动被动关系，区分易混时态； 4. 规避常见错误（如过去完成时被动漏写 been、混淆现在完成时与现在完成进行时的含义）。 新高考 II 卷 过去完成时 2024 新高考 II 卷 现在完成进行时 全国甲卷 过去完成时 2023 北京卷 现在完成进行时 全国乙卷 过去完成时被动结构 完成式 知识点01 过去完成时 核心定义：表示在 “过去某一动作或时间点之前就已经完成的动作”，即 “过去的过去”；句子中常含明确的 过去时间参照点，或通过上下文体现动作先后顺序。 1. 主动形式：had + 过去分词（done） 用法：强调主语在过去某一时间前主动完成的动作。 例句：When I arrived at the station, the train had left. 我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。——“火车开走” 发生在 “到达车站” 之前 2. 被动形式：had been + 过去分词（done） 用法：强调主语在过去某一时间前被动承受的动作，即 “动作被完成在过去参照点之前”。 例句：The bridge had been built before 2020. 这座桥在 2020 年之前就已经建成了。——“桥被建” 发生在 “2020 年” 前 【即时检测】 1. When she got to the cinema, the film ____________________ (begin). 2. By 2019, my family ____________________ (live) in this city for 20 years. 3. The meeting ____________________ (already / hold) when we arrived. 4. He said that he ____________________ (never / see) such a beautiful place before. 5. All the books ____________________ (sell) out by the end of last month. 6. She told me that she ____________________ (finish) her report the day before. 知识点02现在完成进行时 核心定义：表示 “动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且很可能还会继续下去”；强调动作的 “持 续性” 和 “未中断性”，或近期内反复发生的动作。 1. 基本形式：have /has been + 现在分词（doing） 用法 1：持续到现在的动作，常与 for（持续一段时间）、since（自从某时）连用。 例句：It has been raining for three hours. 雨已经下了三个小时了。—— 动作持续到现在，可能还在下雨 She has been learning English since she was 5 years old. 她从 5 岁起就一直在学英语。—— 学习动作持续至今 用法 2：近期反复发生的动作，常带有 “抱怨、不耐烦” 的语气。 例句：He has been making the same mistake recently. 他最近一直在犯同样的错误。—— 反复犯错，含不满。 【即时检测】 1. They ____________________ (work) on the project for two weeks. 2. My mother ____________________ (cook) in the kitchen since 5 o’clock. 3. It ____________________ (snow) heavily all morning. 4. He ____________________ (not / sleep) well recently. 5. We ____________________ (learn) this new grammar since last Monday. 6. The child ____________________ (cry) for 10 minutes because he can’t find his mother. 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点 1：过去完成时与一般过去时混淆 规避方法：若句子中只有一个过去动作，用一般过去时；有两个过去动作，且存在 “先后顺序”（先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时）。例：错误：When I arrived, he left. 正确：When I arrived, he had left.（“离开” 在 “到达” 前）。 易错点 2：过去完成时被动形式结构错误 规避方法：牢记被动结构 “had been + done”，不可遗漏 “been” 或错写为 “was/were + done”（一般过去时被动）。例：错误：The work had finished before he came. 正确：The work had been finished before he came. 易错点 3：现在完成进行时与现在完成时混淆 规避方法：强调 “动作持续的过程”→现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）；强调 “动作完成的结果或累计数量”→现在完成时（have/has done）。例：① 我学英语 5 年了（强调持续过程）：I have been learning English for 5 years. ② 我已经学了 500 个单词（强调结果）：I have learned 500 words. 易错点 4：现在完成进行时与一般现在时混淆 规避方法：看到 for/since 等持续时间标志，且动作持续到现在，不可用一般现在时。例：错误：I wait for you for an hour. 正确：I have been waiting for you for an hour. 易错点 5：过去完成时滥用（无 “过去的过去” 语境） 规避方法：若没有明确的过去参照点，仅陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时即可，无需用过去完成时。例：错误：He had got up at 7 o’clock yesterday. 正确：He got up at 7 o’clock yesterday.（无其他过去动作作参照）。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 第一步：判时态 —— 精准区分两种完成式 ① 看 “时间参照点”：若参照点是 “过去的动作 / 时间”（如 arrived、last year、by the end of last...），且动作在参照点前完成→过去完成时（主被动看主语与动作的关系）；② 看 “持续性标志”：若有 for/since 引导的持续时间，或强调 “动作持续到现在、可能继续”→现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）。 2. 第二步：定形式 —— 快速锁定正确结构 ① 过去完成时：主动→had + done；被动→had been + done（看到 “被”“by + 动作执行者” 优先考虑被动）；② 现在完成进行时：不分主被动，统一→have/has been + doing（注意主语单复数：第三人称单数用 has，其余用 have）。 3. 第三步：找标志 —— 牢记高频时间标志词 ① 过去完成时标志：by the end of + 过去时间（last year/2020...）、before + 过去时间 / 过去动作、when/after/before 引导的时间状语从句（从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时）、said/told 等过去式动词后的宾语从句；② 现在完成进行时标志：for + 一段时间（three hours/2 years...）、since + 过去时间 / 过去动作（since 2021/since he came...）、recently/these days/all morning（近期持续）。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1. By the time we got there, the party ____________________ (end). 2. She ____________________ (read) this book for two hours. 3. The letter ____________________ (send) before I knew it. 4. They ____________________ (not / eat) anything since morning. 5. He said he ____________________ (visit) Beijing twice. 6. It ____________________ (rain) all day today. 7. The house ____________________ (build) by 2018. 8. My sister ____________________ (practice) the piano since 3 o’clock. 9. When I woke up, the sun ____________________ (rise). 10. We ____________________ (study) English for 6 years. 11. All the tickets ____________________ (sell) out when we arrived at the station. 12. He ____________________ (not / watch) TV recently. 13. She told me she ____________________ (finish) her homework. 14. The baby ____________________ (cry) for 15 minutes. 15. By last month, they ____________________ (plant) 1000 trees. 16. I ____________________ (wait) for you since you called me. 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 1. When the police arrived at the scene, the thief ____________________ (run away) and the door ____________________ (break) open. 2. She told her father that she ____________________ (not / hear) from her friend since they graduated. 3. By the time he realizes his mistake, most of the time ____________________ (waste). 4. They ____________________ (work) on the new plan for three months, and they are about to finish it. 5. The teacher found that the students ____________________ (already / hand in) their papers before the deadline. 6. Since he moved to this city, he ____________________ (make) many new friends and ____________________ (live) a happy life. 7. The old building ____________________ (not / be / pull down) by the end of last year because of the bad weather. 8. My mother ____________________ (cook) in the kitchen all afternoon, so she is very tired now. 9. He said that he ____________________ (learn) to play the guitar for a year before he joined the band. 10. By the time the concert starts, we ____________________ (wait) outside for an hour. 11. The project ____________________ (have / be / complete) by the end of next month, but we had some problems last week. 12. She ____________________ (not / sleep) well these days because she is busy with her exam. 13. When I got to the bookstore, the book I wanted ____________________ (already / sell) out. 14. We ____________________ (discuss) the problem for two hours, but we still haven’t reached an agreement. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1. When I arrived at the station, the train ____________________ (leave / had left). 2. I ____________________ (learn /have been learning) English for 5 years.（强调持续过程） 3. He ____________________ (finish / had finished) his homework at 8 o’clock yesterday. 4. It ____________________ (rain / has been raining) all morning, and it’s still raining. 5. She told me she ____________________ (see / had seen) the movie before. 6. We ____________________ (plant /have planted) 20 trees so far.（强调结果） 7. By the end of last year, he ____________________ (work / had worked) in this company for 10 years. 8. My brother ____________________ (play / has been playing) football since he got up. 9. The letter ____________________ (send / was sent / had been sent) before I called her. 10. I ____________________ (wait / am waiting / have been waiting) for you for half an hour. 11. He ____________________ (not / go / hadn’t gone) to school yesterday because he was ill. 12. They ____________________ (study / have been studying) this grammar since last Monday. 13. The work ____________________ (finish / was finished / had been finished) when the boss came back. 14. She ____________________ (cry / has been crying) for 10 minutes, and her mother is comforting her. 15. By 2020, my family ____________________ (live / had lived) in this house for 15 years. 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 1. （2025 年北京卷・模拟卷）By the time we arrived at the theater, the play ____________________ (start). 2. （2025 年上海卷・模拟卷）She ____________________ (learn) English for 10 years, and she can speak it fluently. 3. （2024 年新高考 I 卷・改编When the firemen arrived, the big fire ____________________ (put out) by the volunteers. 4. （2024 年新高考 II 卷・模拟卷）It ____________________ (rain) heavily for hours, so the roads were flooded. 5. （2024 年浙江卷 1 月・语法填空）He said that he ____________________ (never /visit) the Great Wall before. 6. （2024 年全国甲卷・语模拟卷）We ____________________ (work) on the project for three months, and we will finish it next week. 7. （2023 年・模拟卷）By the end of 2022, the number of online shoppers in China ____________________ (reach) 800 million. 8. （2023 年全国甲卷・语法填空）The old temple ____________________ (build) for over 200 years before it was destroyed in the earthquake. 9. （2023 年全国乙卷・语法填空改编）She ____________________ (not /sleep) well recently because of the stress from work. 10. （2023 年浙江卷・模拟卷）When I got home, my mother ____________________ (cook) dinner for an hour. 11. （2023 年上海卷・模拟卷）All the preparations ____________________ (complete) by the time the guests arrived. 12. （2023 年福建6 月・语法填空）He ____________________ (play) basketball since he was a little boy. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03完成式的主动被动形态（期末复习讲义） 年份 卷别 考点 考情分析 2025 新高考 I 卷 现在完成进行时 【考向透视】 三种时态均以语法填空、选择题为主要考查形式，核心聚焦 “语境逻辑 + 时间标志词” 的精准判断，侧重考查现在完成进行时表动作持续的含义、过去完成时 “过去的过去” 的时间先后关系，以及过去完成时被动语态 “动作被完成的时间与被动关系” 的双重逻辑，同时强调与一般过去时、现在完成时的区分。 【复习目标】 1. 熟练掌握三种时态的基本构成（现在完成进行时：have/has been doing；过去完成时：had done；过去完成时被动：had been done）； 2. 精准识别高频时间标志词（如 since、by the end of + 过去时间等），快速匹配对应时态； 3. 能通过语境判断动作的时间逻辑（持续 / 先后）与主动被动关系，区分易混时态； 4. 规避常见错误（如过去完成时被动漏写 been、混淆现在完成时与现在完成进行时的含义）。 新高考 II 卷 过去完成时 2024 新高考 II 卷 现在完成进行时 全国甲卷 过去完成时 2023 北京卷 现在完成进行时 全国乙卷 过去完成时被动结构 完成式 知识点01 过去完成时 核心定义：表示在 “过去某一动作或时间点之前就已经完成的动作”，即 “过去的过去”；句子中常含明确的 过去时间参照点，或通过上下文体现动作先后顺序。 1. 主动形式：had + 过去分词（done） 用法：强调主语在过去某一时间前主动完成的动作。 例句：When I arrived at the station, the train had left. 我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。——“火车开走” 发生在 “到达车站” 之前 2. 被动形式：had been + 过去分词（done） 用法：强调主语在过去某一时间前被动承受的动作，即 “动作被完成在过去参照点之前”。 例句：The bridge had been built before 2020. 这座桥在 2020 年之前就已经建成了。——“桥被建” 发生在 “2020 年” 前 【即时检测】 1. When she got to the cinema, the film ____________________ (begin). 2. By 2019, my family ____________________ (live) in this city for 20 years. 3. The meeting ____________________ (already / hold) when we arrived. 4. He said that he ____________________ (never / see) such a beautiful place before. 5. All the books ____________________ (sell) out by the end of last month. 6. She told me that she ____________________ (finish) her report the day before. 【答案】1. had begun 2. had lived 3. had already been held 4. had never seen 5. had been sold 6. had finished 知识点02现在完成进行时 核心定义：表示 “动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且很可能还会继续下去”；强调动作的 “持 续性” 和 “未中断性”，或近期内反复发生的动作。 1. 基本形式：have /has been + 现在分词（doing） 用法 1：持续到现在的动作，常与 for（持续一段时间）、since（自从某时）连用。 例句：It has been raining for three hours. 雨已经下了三个小时了。—— 动作持续到现在，可能还在下雨 She has been learning English since she was 5 years old. 她从 5 岁起就一直在学英语。—— 学习动作持续至今 用法 2：近期反复发生的动作，常带有 “抱怨、不耐烦” 的语气。 例句：He has been making the same mistake recently. 他最近一直在犯同样的错误。—— 反复犯错，含不满。 【即时检测】 1. They ____________________ (work) on the project for two weeks. 2. My mother ____________________ (cook) in the kitchen since 5 o’clock. 3. It ____________________ (snow) heavily all morning. 4. He ____________________ (not / sleep) well recently. 5. We ____________________ (learn) this new grammar since last Monday. 6. The child ____________________ (cry) for 10 minutes because he can’t find his mother. 【答案】1. have been working 2. has been cooking 3. has been snowing 4. has not been sleeping 5. have been learning 6. has been crying 易｜错｜点｜拨 易错点 1：过去完成时与一般过去时混淆 规避方法：若句子中只有一个过去动作，用一般过去时；有两个过去动作，且存在 “先后顺序”（先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时）。例：错误：When I arrived, he left. 正确：When I arrived, he had left.（“离开” 在 “到达” 前）。 易错点 2：过去完成时被动形式结构错误 规避方法：牢记被动结构 “had been + done”，不可遗漏 “been” 或错写为 “was/were + done”（一般过去时被动）。例：错误：The work had finished before he came. 正确：The work had been finished before he came. 易错点 3：现在完成进行时与现在完成时混淆 规避方法：强调 “动作持续的过程”→现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）；强调 “动作完成的结果或累计数量”→现在完成时（have/has done）。例：① 我学英语 5 年了（强调持续过程）：I have been learning English for 5 years. ② 我已经学了 500 个单词（强调结果）：I have learned 500 words. 易错点 4：现在完成进行时与一般现在时混淆 规避方法：看到 for/since 等持续时间标志，且动作持续到现在，不可用一般现在时。例：错误：I wait for you for an hour. 正确：I have been waiting for you for an hour. 易错点 5：过去完成时滥用（无 “过去的过去” 语境） 规避方法：若没有明确的过去参照点，仅陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时即可，无需用过去完成时。例：错误：He had got up at 7 o’clock yesterday. 正确：He got up at 7 o’clock yesterday.（无其他过去动作作参照）。 解｜题｜技｜巧 1. 第一步：判时态 —— 精准区分两种完成式 ① 看 “时间参照点”：若参照点是 “过去的动作 / 时间”（如 arrived、last year、by the end of last...），且动作在参照点前完成→过去完成时（主被动看主语与动作的关系）；② 看 “持续性标志”：若有 for/since 引导的持续时间，或强调 “动作持续到现在、可能继续”→现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）。 2. 第二步：定形式 —— 快速锁定正确结构 ① 过去完成时：主动→had + done；被动→had been + done（看到 “被”“by + 动作执行者” 优先考虑被动）；② 现在完成进行时：不分主被动，统一→have/has been + doing（注意主语单复数：第三人称单数用 has，其余用 have）。 3. 第三步：找标志 —— 牢记高频时间标志词 ① 过去完成时标志：by the end of + 过去时间（last year/2020...）、before + 过去时间 / 过去动作、when/after/before 引导的时间状语从句（从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时）、said/told 等过去式动词后的宾语从句；② 现在完成进行时标志：for + 一段时间（three hours/2 years...）、since + 过去时间 / 过去动作（since 2021/since he came...）、recently/these days/all morning（近期持续）。 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1. By the time we got there, the party ____________________ (end). 2. She ____________________ (read) this book for two hours. 3. The letter ____________________ (send) before I knew it. 4. They ____________________ (not / eat) anything since morning. 5. He said he ____________________ (visit) Beijing twice. 6. It ____________________ (rain) all day today. 7. The house ____________________ (build) by 2018. 8. My sister ____________________ (practice) the piano since 3 o’clock. 9. When I woke up, the sun ____________________ (rise). 10. We ____________________ (study) English for 6 years. 11. All the tickets ____________________ (sell) out when we arrived at the station. 12. He ____________________ (not / watch) TV recently. 13. She told me she ____________________ (finish) her homework. 14. The baby ____________________ (cry) for 15 minutes. 15. By last month, they ____________________ (plant) 1000 trees. 16. I ____________________ (wait) for you since you called me. 【答案】1. had ended 2. has been reading 3. had been sent 4. have not been eating 5. had visited 6. has been raining 7. had been built 8. has been practicing 9. had risen 10. have been studying 11. had been sold 12. has not been watching 13. had finished 14. has been crying 15. had planted 16. have been waiting 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） 1. When the police arrived at the scene, the thief ____________________ (run away) and the door ____________________ (break) open. 2. She told her father that she ____________________ (not / hear) from her friend since they graduated. 3. By the time he realizes his mistake, most of the time ____________________ (waste). 4. They ____________________ (work) on the new plan for three months, and they are about to finish it. 5. The teacher found that the students ____________________ (already / hand in) their papers before the deadline. 6. Since he moved to this city, he ____________________ (make) many new friends and ____________________ (live) a happy life. 7. The old building ____________________ (not / be / pull down) by the end of last year because of the bad weather. 8. My mother ____________________ (cook) in the kitchen all afternoon, so she is very tired now. 9. He said that he ____________________ (learn) to play the guitar for a year before he joined the band. 10. By the time the concert starts, we ____________________ (wait) outside for an hour. 11. The project ____________________ (have / be / complete) by the end of next month, but we had some problems last week. 12. She ____________________ (not / sleep) well these days because she is busy with her exam. 13. When I got to the bookstore, the book I wanted ____________________ (already / sell) out. 14. We ____________________ (discuss) the problem for two hours, but we still haven’t reached an agreement. 【答案】1. had run away; had been broken 2. had not heard 3. will have been wasted 4. have been working 5. had already handed in 6. has made; has been living 7. had not been pulled down 8. has been cooking 9. had been learning 10. will have been waiting 11. will have been completed 12. has not been sleeping 13. had already been sold 14. have been discussing 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1. When I arrived at the station, the train ____________________ (leave / had left). 2. I ____________________ (learn /have been learning) English for 5 years.（强调持续过程） 3. He ____________________ (finish / had finished) his homework at 8 o’clock yesterday. 4. It ____________________ (rain / has been raining) all morning, and it’s still raining. 5. She told me she ____________________ (see / had seen) the movie before. 6. We ____________________ (plant /have planted) 20 trees so far.（强调结果） 7. By the end of last year, he ____________________ (work / had worked) in this company for 10 years. 8. My brother ____________________ (play / has been playing) football since he got up. 9. The letter ____________________ (send / was sent / had been sent) before I called her. 10. I ____________________ (wait / am waiting / have been waiting) for you for half an hour. 11. He ____________________ (not / go / hadn’t gone) to school yesterday because he was ill. 12. They ____________________ (study / have been studying) this grammar since last Monday. 13. The work ____________________ (finish / was finished / had been finished) when the boss came back. 14. She ____________________ (cry / has been crying) for 10 minutes, and her mother is comforting her. 15. By 2020, my family ____________________ (live / had lived) in this house for 15 years. 【答案】1. had left 2. have been learning 3. finished 4. has been raining 5. had seen 6. have planted 7. had worked 8. has been playing 9. had been sent 10. have been waiting 11. didn’t go 12. have been studying 13. had been finished 14. has been crying 15. had lived 链接高考（测试时间：15分钟） 1. （2025 年北京卷・模拟卷）By the time we arrived at the theater, the play ____________________ (start). 2. （2025 年上海卷・模拟卷）She ____________________ (learn) English for 10 years, and she can speak it fluently. 3. （2024 年新高考 I 卷・改编When the firemen arrived, the big fire ____________________ (put out) by the volunteers. 4. （2024 年新高考 II 卷・模拟卷）It ____________________ (rain) heavily for hours, so the roads were flooded. 5. （2024 年浙江卷 1 月・语法填空）He said that he ____________________ (never /visit) the Great Wall before. 6. （2024 年全国甲卷・语模拟卷）We ____________________ (work) on the project for three months, and we will finish it next week. 7. （2023 年・模拟卷）By the end of 2022, the number of online shoppers in China ____________________ (reach) 800 million. 8. （2023 年全国甲卷・语法填空）The old temple ____________________ (build) for over 200 years before it was destroyed in the earthquake. 9. （2023 年全国乙卷・语法填空改编）She ____________________ (not /sleep) well recently because of the stress from work. 10. （2023 年浙江卷・模拟卷）When I got home, my mother ____________________ (cook) dinner for an hour. 11. （2023 年上海卷・模拟卷）All the preparations ____________________ (complete) by the time the guests arrived. 12. （2023 年福建6 月・语法填空）He ____________________ (play) basketball since he was a little boy. 【答案】1. had already started 2. has been learning 3. had been put out 4. had been raining 5. had never visited 6. have been working 7. had reached 8. had been built 9. has not been sleeping 10. had been cooking 11. had been completed 12. has been playing 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $