Unit 4 History and Traditions 历史和传统 (话题阅读精炼）英语人教版2019必修第二册

Unit 4 History and Traditions 历史和传统 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. —Marcus Garvey 释义：一个不了解自己历史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵无根之树。 ——马库斯·加维 启示：这句引言形象地阐明了历史起源及其所蕴含文化的重要性；要积极思考学习中外历史和传统的重要价值，认识了解中外不同国家的历史文化传统对传播祖国文化、正确认识他国文化的重要意义。 主题词汇积累 一、历史遗迹与建筑相关 historical site 历史遗迹；文化遗产地 architectural style 建筑风格 ancient monument 古代遗迹；古迹 preserve relics 保护文物 in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪 come into being 形成；产生 二、文化传承与习俗相关 cultural heritage 文化遗产 traditional custom 传统习俗 pass down 传承；流传 folk festival 民间节日 in memory of 为纪念…… carry forward 弘扬；发扬 三、历史演变与事件相关 historical event 历史事件 go through changes 经历变革 take over 接管；取代 break away from 脱离；摆脱 date back to 追溯到…… under the rule of 在…… 的统治下 四、国家与地域特征相关 nation-state 民族国家 geographical feature 地理特征 border on 与…… 接壤 be made up of 由…… 组成 political system 政治体制 a sense of national identity 国家认同感 时文拓展阅读 (2024·吉林省延边州高一上期末)A visit to one of the New Seven Wonders of the World can be one of the most exciting and unforgettable vacations you and your family can take. For a quick introduction of the Wonders, this text presents only four of the historic sites. Giza Necropolis of Egypt Located about 12 miles from Cairo, Giza Necropolis features (以……为特色) the Great Pyramid and the Great Sphinx of Giza and is about over 4，500 years old. It is easy to take public transportation from Cairo but families should consider booking a personal guide or group trip from a tour operator such as Go Travel Egypt or Viator. The Great Wall of China With a history dating back to 476 BCE, the Great Wall stretches (绵延) 13,170 miles across China. The most famous and most visited section of the Great Wall is Badaling. A number of tour operators can be found in Beijing, with recommendations including Viator, The Great Wall Hiking and Discover Beijing Tours. Admission (门票费) to Badaling is just 45 Chinese Yuan(about $7.50) but a guided tour from Beijing starts at around $75. Petra of Jordan Rediscovered in 1812, Petra was the fourth century BCE capital of the Nabataean empire. Known for its intricate (错综复杂的) carvings into a sandstone mountain, Petra was a business center, located between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea. Tours to the Lost City can be arranged in Israel or from Anman, the capital and largest city of Jordan 150 miles to the north. Colosseum of Italy Located in the ancient center of Rome, the Colosseum started to be built in 72 CE and was finished in 80 CE. Till today, the Colosseum is still the largest amphitheater (圆形竞技场) in the world. Guided tours are easy to find from a number of operators but tickets for self­guided tours can be bought on site for 12 euro. 【译文欣赏】 参观世界新七大奇迹之一可能是你和你的家人能拥有的最令人兴奋和难忘的假期之一。为了快速介绍这些奇迹，本文仅介绍四处历史遗迹。 埃及吉萨墓地： 吉萨墓地距离开罗约 12 英里，以吉萨大金字塔和大狮身人面像为特色，距今约 4500 多年历史。从开罗乘坐公共交通工具很方便，但一家人出行应该考虑从诸如 “埃及之旅” 或 “维亚托尔” 等旅行社预订私人导游服务或团体旅行。 中国长城 长城历史可追溯到公元前 476 年，绵延 13170 英里横跨中国。长城最著名且参观人数最多的段落是八达岭。在北京可以找到许多旅行社，推荐的有维亚托尔、长城徒步旅行和探索北京之旅。八达岭门票仅 45 元人民币（约 7.5 美元），但从北京出发的有导游陪同的旅行团费用起价约为 75 美元。 约旦佩特拉古城 佩特拉古城于 1812 年被重新发现，它是公元前 4 世纪纳巴泰帝国的首都。佩特拉以其在砂岩山上的错综复杂的雕刻而闻名，它曾是一个商业中心，位于死海和红海之间。前往这座 “失落之城” 的旅行可以在以色列安排，或者从约旦首都安曼出发，安曼是约旦最大的城市，位于佩特拉以北 150 英里处。 意大利罗马斗兽场 罗马斗兽场位于古罗马中心，始建于公元 72 年，完工于公元 80 年。直到今天，罗马斗兽场仍然是世界上最大的圆形竞技场。很容易从许多旅行社找到有导游陪同的旅行团，而自助游门票可在现场购买，价格为 12 欧元。 【词汇积累】 · New Seven Wonders of the World：世界新七大奇迹 · historic sites：历史遗迹 · Necropolis：墓地，公墓 · feature：以…… 为特色；特征，特色 · Sphinx：狮身人面像 · date back to：追溯到 · stretch：延伸，绵延；伸展 · admission：进入；门票费 · intricate：复杂的，错综复杂的 · amphitheater：圆形竞技场 【知识拓展】 这些世界奇迹不仅是人类建筑技艺和智慧的结晶，更是历史与文化的见证。它们告诉我们，人类有着无穷的创造力和坚韧不拔的精神。无论是历经数千年风雨仍屹立不倒的金字塔，还是蜿蜒万里的长城，都展示了古人在面对巨大困难时，凭借着信念和毅力，完成了看似不可能的任务。这激励着我们在生活中，无论遇到多么艰巨的挑战，都不应轻易放弃，要相信自己有能力创造出属于自己的 “奇迹”，用汗水和智慧去书写属于自己的辉煌篇章。 【词汇延伸】 · 与 “奇迹” 相关词汇：wonder（奇迹）, marvel（奇迹，令人惊叹的事物）, masterpiece（杰作，代表作，可用于形容奇迹般的建筑等）, phenomenon（现象，也可指奇迹般的现象）。 · 与 “历史” 相关词汇：history（历史）, historical（历史的，有关历史的）, archaeology（考古学）, heritage（遗产，可指历史文化遗产）, antique（古董，古物）。 · 与 “旅游” 相关词汇：tour（旅行，旅游）, travel（旅行）, journey（旅程）, sightseeing（观光，游览）, itinerary（行程安排）, tour guide（导游）。 【长难句分析】 1.A visit to one of the New Seven Wonders of the World can be one of the most exciting and unforgettable vacations you and your family can take. 0. 分析：句子的主语是 “A visit”，“to one of the New Seven Wonders of the World” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “visit”。“can be” 是谓语，“one of the most exciting and unforgettable vacations” 是表语，“you and your family can take” 是省略了关系代词 “that” 的定语从句，修饰 “vacations”。 0. 译文：参观世界新七大奇迹之一可能是你和你的家人能拥有的最令人兴奋和难忘的假期之一。 2.Located about 12 miles from Cairo, Giza Necropolis features the Great Pyramid and the Great Sphinx of Giza and is about over 4，500 years old. 0. 分析：“Located about 12 miles from Cairo” 是过去分词短语作状语，表被动和状态，说明吉萨墓地的位置。句子的主语是 “Giza Necropolis”，“features” 和 “is” 是并列谓语，分别介绍了吉萨墓地的特色和历史年限。 0. 译文：吉萨墓地距离开罗约 12 英里，以吉萨大金字塔和大狮身人面像为特色，距今约 4500 多年历史。 3.With a history dating back to 476 BCE, the Great Wall stretches 13,170 miles across China. 0. 分析：“With a history dating back to 476 BCE” 是介词短语作状语，其中 “dating back to 476 BCE” 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “history”。句子主语是 “the Great Wall”，“stretches” 是谓语，“13,170 miles across China” 是宾语，说明长城的绵延长度和范围。 0. 译文：长城历史可追溯到公元前 476 年，绵延 13170 英里横跨中国。 4.Rediscovered in 1812, Petra was the fourth - century BCE capital of the Nabataean empire. · 分析：“Rediscovered in 1812” 是过去分词短语作状语，表被动，说明佩特拉古城被重新发现的时间。句子主语是 “Petra”，“was” 是谓语，“the fourth - century BCE capital of the Nabataean empire” 是表语，介绍佩特拉古城的历史地位。 · 译文：佩特拉古城于 1812 年被重新发现，它是公元前 4 世纪纳巴泰帝国的首都。 5.Till today, the Colosseum is still the largest amphitheater in the world. 0. 分析：“Till today” 是时间状语，句子主语是 “the Colosseum”，“is” 是谓语，“the largest amphitheater in the world” 是表语，其中 “in the world” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “amphitheater”。 0. 译文：直到今天，罗马斗兽场仍然是世界上最大的圆形竞技场。 高考真题链接 （2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·高考真题）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 28．What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A．Loss of wetlands. B．Popularity of water sports. C．Pollution of rivers. D．Arrival of other wild animals. 29．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A．Acquire. B．Export. C．Destroy. D．Distribute. 30．What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A．The stamp price has gone down. B．The migratory birds have flown away. C．The hunters have stopped hunting. D．The government has collected money. 31．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 1.原句：When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. 结构拆解： “When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America” 是时间状语从句，“when” 引导从句，“the explorers”（探险家）是从句主语，“set foot upon”（踏上）是谓语，“the continent of North America”（北美洲大陆）是宾语 。 主句是 “the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife” ，“the skies and lands”（天空和大地）是主语，“were alive with”（充满着；洋溢着）是谓语结构，“an astonishing variety of wildlife”（种类惊人的野生动物）是宾语 。 翻译：当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时，天空和大地上满是种类惊人的野生动物。 2.原句：Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever - increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. 结构拆解： 主句 “Millions of acres of wetlands were dried” ，“Millions of acres of wetlands”（数百万英亩的湿地）是主语，“were dried”（被抽干）是谓语 。 “to feed and house the ever - increasing populations” 是动词不定式短语作目的状语，说明湿地被抽干的目的是 “养活并安置不断增长的人口” ；“greatly reducing waterfowl habitat” 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表明湿地被抽干后 “大大减少了水禽栖息地” 这一结果 。 翻译：数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以养活并安置不断增长的人口，这大大减少了水禽的栖息地。 3.原句：About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. 结构拆解： 主句 “About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund” ，“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar”（每张鸭票收入中的约 98 美分）是主语，“goes directly into”（直接进入）是谓语，“the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund”（候鸟保护基金）是宾语 。 “to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System” 是动词不定式短语作目的状语，说明资金进入基金的目的是 “购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，将其纳入国家野生动物保护区系统” 。 “a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come” 是同位语结构，“a fact” 作前面内容的同位语，“that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come” 是定语从句，修饰 “a fact” ，其中 “this land will be protected and available for all generations to come” 是宾语从句，作 “ensures” 的宾语 。 翻译：每张鸭票收入中约 98 美分直接进入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，将其纳入国家野生动物保护区系统 —— 这一事实确保了这片土地将受到保护，并为子孙后代所用。 英文词汇 音标 词性 中文释义 explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ n. 探险家；勘探者 astonishing /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ adj. 惊人的；令人惊讶的 decimate /ˈdesɪmeɪt/ v. 大量毁灭；严重破坏 wetland /ˈwetlənd/ n. 湿地 habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地 passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/ n. （法律等的）通过； passage of the Act （法案的通过 ） migratory /ˈmaɪɡrətəri/ adj. 迁徙的；迁移的 initiate /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ v. 发起；创始 conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ n. 保护；保存 refuge /ˈrefjuːdʒ/ n. 保护区；庇护所 背景知识： （一）北美洲生态与水禽危机 北美洲曾因丰富的自然资源，孕育了多样野生动物。但欧洲探险家及后续定居者到来后，过度狩猎（市场猎人捕杀水禽获利、部分猎人过度追求狩猎成果 ）、湿地开发（将湿地抽干用于农业生产、城市建设，满足人口增长需求 ）等人类活动，使水禽栖息地急剧减少，水禽数量大幅下降，生态平衡遭受严重破坏。 （二）《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》（Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act ） 1934 年法案通过，标志美国在保护候鸟（水禽是重要部分 ）及湿地生态上的重要行动。法案要求 16 岁及以上水禽猎人每年购买并携带联邦鸭票，鸭票收入成为候鸟保护基金重要来源，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，纳入国家野生动物保护区系统，对恢复水禽种群、保护生态意义重大。 （三）联邦鸭票的设计与意义 首张联邦鸭票由政治漫画家 J.N. “Ding” Darling 设计，他受罗斯福总统任命参与生态保护工作。鸭票不只是狩猎许可凭证，更成为生态保护象征，猎人购买鸭票体现对自然资源保护的支持，推动保护基金积累与生态修复。 阅读微技能（解题技巧）： （一）细节理解题 —— 定位关键词法 应用场景：解答如 “28 题：What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?” 这类细节题。 操作步骤： 先读题目，圈出关键词 “cause”（原因）、“waterfowl population decline”（水禽数量下降）。 带着关键词回原文第一段找对应内容，定位到 “Millions of waterfowl were killed... Millions of acres of wetlands were dried... greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.” ，通过分析可知湿地减少是水禽数量下降原因，对应选项 A。 作用：快速锁定答题区域，避免盲目阅读，提高答题效率与准确率。 （二）词句猜测题 —— 语境推测法 应用场景：处理 “29 题：What does the underlined word ‘decimate’ mean in the first paragraph?” 这类猜词题。 操作步骤： 找到 “decimate” 所在句子 “Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.”。 分析语境，前句说美洲原住民 “wisely（明智地）” 保护资源，后句 “Unfortunately（不幸地）” 形成转折，说明探险家和定居者对资源做了负面行为，结合后文水禽被大量捕杀、湿地被破坏，推测 “decimate” 是 “破坏；毁灭” 之意，对应选项 C。 作用：利用上下文逻辑关系（转折、因果等 ），准确推测生词含义，突破阅读词汇障碍。 （三）推理判断题 —— 归纳总结法 应用场景：应对 “30 题：What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?” 这类推理题。 操作步骤： 找到与 1934 年法案相关内容，即第二段 “Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters... must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.” 及第三段 “Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund...”。 对信息归纳，法案要求猎人买鸭票，鸭票收入进入基金，由此推理出 “政府筹集到了资金” 这一直接结果，对应选项 D。 作用：整合分散信息，基于文本内容合理推理，挖掘隐含意思，解答需要逻辑推导的题目。 （四）主旨大意题 —— 抓核心线索法 应用场景：解答 “31 题：Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?” 这类主旨题。 操作步骤： 梳理文章脉络，第一段讲水禽数量下降原因；第二段介绍 1934 年法案及联邦鸭票；第三段说明鸭票对保护基金的贡献及保护成果。 抓核心线索 “联邦鸭票” ，它贯穿文章，从法案要求购买，到鸭票收入用于保护，都是围绕其展开，所以 “The Federal Duck Stamp Story” 适合作为标题，对应选项 A。 作用：识别文章核心线索（高频词、关键事物等 ），概括文章主旨，选出精准标题。 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 332 文章讲述了格陵兰雪橇犬文化因传统狩猎式微与气候变暖面临危机，民众以改良工具积极适应，并努力守护该文化遗产。 Passage 2 阅读理解 应用文 240 文章主要介绍阿姆斯特丹隐藏景点自行车之旅的时间、起点及游览内容等信息。 Passage 3 阅读理解 记叙文 351 文章讲述了作者因拉达克岩画面临开发破坏而投入十年记录，揭示其作为人类艺术本能体现的价值，并通过书籍向世界传播这一文化遗产。 Passage 4 阅读理解 新闻报道 303 文章主要讲述了郭英雄传承与创新客家竹雕艺术的事迹。 Passage 5 阅读理解 应用文 218 文章主要介绍了4月恢复的巴黎至米兰的直达火车线路，以及沿线巴黎、都灵、里昂和米兰这几座城市的特色景点、活动及相关网站信息。 Passage 6 阅读理解 应用文 305 本文介绍了欧洲四座城市在六月份各自的特色活动和魅力。 Passage 7 阅读理解 说明文 315 主要介绍四则关于梵高、HS2挖掘、新石器时代末期及北美首批定居者的历史与科学发现。 Passage 8 完形填空 记叙文 284 作者讲述了自己到Borneo旅行并偶遇鳄鱼的故事。 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·江西抚州·期末）When Stella Olsen was 12 years old, her father presented her with a choice. Her family owned sled dogs, which could take a lot of work. Her father asked her if she’d like to take care of the dogs. “If you don’t want to take care of them, we have to destroy them,” Olsen recalls him saying. She immediately sprung into action, hunting and fishing to feed the dogs. Now, 14 years later, she’s raising sled dogs of her own. Her dogs are like family. For generations, Greenlanders have relied on sled dogs for hunting. But the number of sled dogs has been cut in half over the last 20 years. “One of the contributors is that the traditional hunting culture is changing,” Morten Meldgaard, a professor at the University of Greenland, said. Those who have long relied on dog sledding are also having to adapt to a warming climate. “Sea ice is not as widespread as it was earlier on. And so, the use of the sled dogs on the ice is limited,” he added. That means mushers (赶狗拉雪橇的人) like Olsen have to adapt to keep this tradition alive. She’s considering buying a sled with wheels to train her dogs, to account for the fact that there is less ice. “I’m not going to quit my dogs because of the weather but it’s really difficult,” she said. For her, it’s hard to put into words what it feels like to dogsled. “People always ask about how it used to be, but I can only tell it in my version because I live here and now,” she said. “Putting all of this into words will be key to preserving many of Greenland’s traditions,” says Manumina Lund Jensen, a PhD student at the University of Greenland. She’s working to preserve knowledge about dog sledding through research and by collecting oral histories. “That is the wisdom which we pass on to the younger generations,” she says. 1．Why did Olsen decide to look after the sled dogs? A．Because she valued sled dogs highly. B．Because her father forced her to do so. C．Because the dogs were easy to raise. D．Because she longed to sell them. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Examples of climate change. B．Reasons for the decline of sled dogs. C．A brief introduction of Greenlanders’ life. D．The destructive effect of global warming. 3．What does Olsen think of preserving the tradition of dog sledding? A．Tiring. B．Expensive. C．Challenging. D．Risky. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific research on dog sledding has proved effective. B．Younger generations have lost interest in dogsled. C．Oral histories play a key role in preserving traditions. D．Climate change makes cultural preservation impossible. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·江西宜春·期末）Bike Tour of the Hidden Gems of AmsterdamTime Wednesday, July 11, at 13:00—16:00 Meeting point Mike’s Tours, Oosterdoksstraat 106,1011DK Amsterdam About the tour Amsterdam is famous for its biking culture and art scene. During this fun three-hour bike tour, which covers 12 km (8 miles), you’ll experience the attractions in a relaxed group setting, with a few extra surprises along the way. With your local guide, you’ll go on an Urban Adventure through parts of Amsterdam the average tourist doesn’t see. Passing by unique architecture (both old and new), centuries-old industrial zones and former shipyards, you’ll discover some of the hidden urban gems of Amsterdam. We set off at Central Station, which is convenient if you are using public transport as all of the main transport methods have stops there. Once you’ve been fitted out with a traditional Dutch bike, we will bike across to the Western part of the city exploring the 17th Century harbour area of Prinseneiland and the working class neighbourhood of Jordaan. We will take a short ferry (轮渡) ride across the IJ to see some of the up-and-coming locations of the former shipyards of Amsterdam North. Here you will see some of the industrial buildings. These areas are also well-known for their impressive street art. As part of this tour, you will have the opportunity to create your own artistic masterpieces, as in the north, anything goes, as long as it’s beautiful. 1．How long will the bike tour last? A．Two hours. B．Three hours. C．Six hours. D．Eight hours. 2．Where does the bike tour start? A．Jordaan. B．Mike’s Tours. C．Prinseneiland. D．Central Station. 3．What is a feature of the areas in Amsterdam North explored during the tour? A．They offer ferry rides free of charge. B．They have no public transport at night. C．They are famous for amazing street art. D．They are crowded with foreign visitors. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·山东日照·期末）Ladakh, in the trans-Himalayas, with its vast, uninhabited and stunning landscapes, has fascinated me since my first visit 20 years ago. In 2011, my fifth time in Ladakh, the region’s raw beauty held an entirely different pull — one that seemed to hum with an ancient energy, a force I hadn’t noticed before. In the very bones of the land lay a collection of prehistoric carvings known as petroglyphs, the only remains of prehistoric human presence in the area. Seeing these carvings, I couldn’t shake the feeling that I was witnessing something far deeper than I had imagined. There was an urgency to document them, as centuries-old carvings were being destroyed under the pressures of development. As a mountain enthusiast always seeking adventures, this attractive art drew me in, like a moth to a flame, beginning a decade-long journey of discovery and documentation. These markings were not just carvings on rock but reflections of an ancient culture we know little about. Despite tough living conditions, these huntergatherers still found ways to convey their beliefs and observations through highly stylized forms, reflecting the deep artistic desire that has always been a part of the human — long before the rise of civilized society. As artist and anthropologist Desmond Morris put it, “It is as if the human species were incapable of being artless regardless of material circumstances.” To bring these open-air art galleries to a wider audience, I wanted to create something that had not been attempted before by using specialized photography techniques with my focus being on distribution, styles and creative range. It was no small matter, given the vastness of Ladakh, my ambition to capture art from every region, the limited windows of opportunity, and the harsh conditions I faced. Not to mention, all my trips were personally funded. When the book — Speaking Stones: Rock Art of Ladakh — was named a finalist for the Banff Mountain Book Award in 2024, I was honored, but the recognition was secondary. My true reward was a deeper connection with time and nature through a vast unbroken string, binding us all together. 1．What drove the author to document the petroglyphs? A．The threat of regional progress. B．The appeal of amazing scenery. C．A search for thrilling experiences. D．A childhood bond with ancient art. 2．What can we learn from Morris’s quote in paragraph 3? A．Art is the mirror of nature. B．Art inspires human wisdom. C．Art is deeply rooted in humans. D．Art can’t exist without materials. 3．Which can best describe the process of creating the book? A．Systematic. B．Brain-tearing. C．Painstaking. D．Eventful. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Tasting the Past: The Analysis of Petroglyph B．Written in Stone: Ladakh’s Timeless Artistry C．Guarding the Rocks: A Saver of Ladakh’s Heritage D．Carved by Time: A Record of Himalayan Geography Passage 4 （福建省宁德市2024-2025学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语测试）In Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, 58-year-old Guo Yingxiong is breathing new life into Hakka bamboo carving. In his workshops, the bamboo seems to come alive with his skilled hands-everyday scenes unfold, like a tea seller carrying his goods or young lovers sitting by the water. These creations represent more than art. They form a living bridge between the ancient art of Hakka bamboo carving and the modern world that Guo has upheld for over four decades. Bamboo carving has deep cultural roots. While its origins date back to the Six Dynasties period, the art was well received by people during the Tang Dynasty, before achieving its golden age during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when scholars praised bamboo for symbolizing strength and honesty. Song Dynasty Sushi wrote that he would rather dine without meat than live without bamboo. Among regional styles, Hakka bamboo carving stood out by mixing traditional calligraphy with creative designs. In 2010, it was listed as a provincial-level intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage in Jiangxi. Guo’s exposure to the art began young-he learned from his father, who taught him strict rules, like using only winter-cut bamboo and memorizing over 50 steps to prepare the material before carving. With tireless practices, he mastered various sculpting techniques, establishing himself as a pioneer in preserving and advancing Jiangxi’s carving heritage. To keep the tradition alive, Guo opened Ganzhou’s first Hakka bamboo carving workshop in 2017. There, he made custom pieces and taught students. One of his students, Han Lu, even started studying the craft’s history after being inspired by him. Besides, he also created smaller, cheaper items like bamboo bookmarks and mixed traditional skills with modem designs to attract younger people. Through such efforts, he hopes to secure a brighter future for the art, one careful cut at a time. 1．Why are Guo’s creations mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To praise his remarkable carving skills. B．To highlight the art’s connection to daily life. C．To picture ancient and modern artistic styles. D．To stress his efforts to preserve the ancient art. 2．In which period did bamboo carving become popular? A．The Six Dynasties. B．The Tang Dynasty. C．The Ming Dynasty. D．The Song Dynasty. 3．What distinguished Hakka bamboo carving from other regional styles? A．Complex material preparations. B．The symbol of bamboo carving. C．Careful and strict practices for decades. D．A combination of tradition and innovation 4．How did Guo preserve bamboo carving? A．By teaching people calligraphy. B．By using only winter-cut bamboo. C．By getting young people involved in it. D．By studying its history with his students. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·湖北荆州·期末）April sees the return of Trenitalia’s direct train service between Paris and Milan. The line passes through some glorious mountain scenery, calling in at several Alpine gateway towns as well as two of Europe’s most under-rated cities. Paris The 19th district is home to several new openings. La Geode cinema offers the chance to see an IMAX film inside a giant disco ball — if the film’s in French, headsets providing an English translation are available for hire. Nearby is a new food hall Boom Villette, which also hosts live music. lageode.fr; boomvillette com Turin Once the capital of Italy, this often-overlooked city keeps a timeless elegance with grand buildings and covered walkways. Visit in spring for warmer weather and the European Night of the Museums on 17 May, during which many offer free, late-night openings. turismotorino.org Lyon The France’s food capital is home to a lot of fresh cuisine experiences. New restaurant Astral serves tasting menus of delicate cuisine, while the impressive 220 BPM takes blindfolded diners to a secret forest location for an experiential feast. astral-restaurant.com; 220-bpm.fr Milan The city is very busy during Design Week, 8-13 April, with districts like Zona Tortona turning into open-air galleries. Don’t miss the Brera Modernart gallery — afterwards, head to Bar Basso to drink wines with locals. zonatortona.org; barbasso.com 1．Where can a traveller go for a free service? A．Astral in Lyon. B．Museums in Turin. C．Bar Basso in Milan. D．La Geode cinema in Paris. 2．Which restaurant appeals to thrill-seeking travellers? A．220 BPM. B．Astral. C．Boom Villette. D．Bar Basso. 3．Which website will offer you painting information? A．lageode.fr B．zonatortona.org C．barbasso.com D．turismotorino.org Passage 6 （24-25高二下·河南鹤壁·期末）June in Europe-pure magic! The continent hits that perfect sweet spot, where the weather’s amazing. Whether you’re going after Mediterranean atmosphere, or charming old-world streets, the following cities absolutely shine in June. Zagreb, Croatia Zagreb feels like Europe’s best-kept secret, especially in June, when temperatures hit mid-70s℉. This city operates on caffeine and conversation—locals lift coffee-drinking to the same position as an Olympic sport. The Upper Town’s cobblestone (鹅卵石) streets are straight out of a fairy tale. Plus, INmusic Festival brings cool bands to Lake Jarun, but the real magic happens in everyday moments: surprise park concerts. Valencia, Spain Valencia in June is absolute fire—literally! The month peaks in Las Hogueras de San Juan (June 23—24), when the beach erupts with bonfires, fireworks, and parties celebrating the summer solstice (夏至), a well-known solar term. Before that grand ending, you’ll enjoy perfectly warm 80°F days, exploring a city that captures the beach-meets-culture atmosphere. Trondheim, Norway Trondheim in June is a strange but wonderful place where the sun barely sets, and you lose track of time, with temperatures around a pleasant 65℉. The endless days give you supernatural energy to explore this unique university town where cutting-edge Norwegian design meets thousand-year-old traditions. Join locals for midnight hikes, unplanned harbor swims, and festivals that seem to never end. Paris, France Forget Paris in April; June is when the City of Light really shines! The Seine’s banks transform into a massive hangout spot where locals share wine and laughs until sunset. Cafe platforms are crowded. Don’t miss Fete de la Musique on June 21, when the entire city becomes one giant concert with free performances everywhere in celebration of the summer solstice. Pack some snacks for an evening picnic beneath the Eiffel Tower, and then watch it sparkle as twilight finally arrives. 1．What can visitors do in Zagreb in June? A．Pick a special kind of stones. B．Appreciate surprise concerts. C．Watch Olympic competitions. D．Learn how to make coffee. 2．What do activities in Valencia and Paris have in common? A．They feature the theme of fire. B．They attach great importance to literature. C．They focus specifically on local cuisine. D．They include celebrations for a solar term. 3．Which country offers a unique experience of nearly continuous daylight? A．Spain. B．Croatia. C．Norway. D．France. Passage 7 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Van Gogh experienced a mental disorder Experts analyzed van Gogh’s medical records and hundreds of his letters, and interviewed three historians specializing in the artist. They believe that the findings point to the artist having experienced two periods of mental disorder in the final years of his life. These may have been caused in part by enforced withdrawal from alcohol, upon which van Gogh was increasingly dependent. HS2 dig shows magical marks Medieval graffiti (中世纪涂鸦) found in the remains of a church in Buckinghamshire may have been created to ward off bad spirits which is considered negative at that time, experts suggest. The marks, found carved into stones in the ruined church, likely date from the 12th century. It’s among the discoveries made as work continues on Britain’s new high-speed HS2 rail line, which is set to begin operation from 2029. End of the Stone Age saw monumental building rise The final years of the Neolithic period (新石器时代) were marked by intense building activity and the construction of several large monuments in Britain, a new study suggests. Analysis of a henge (巨石阵) at Mount Pleasant in Dorset shows that it took between 35 and 125years to build, rather than centuries, as previously thought. Experts assume that the effort may have been inspired by a sense that times were changing. First settlers in North America used dog hair for clothing Finding a landscape short of animals to domesticate, the first humans to arrive in North America bred the dogs that traveled with them from Eurasia for hunting, for labor and, most often, for fur. That’s a theory suggested by a study of 170,000 dogs’ bones found in the northwest of North America. Their hair may have been made into yarn (纱线) for use in clothing, experts suggest. 1．What does the phrase ward off mean in the second paragraph? A．prevent B．cause C．invade D．reverse 2．Which of the following statement is true? A．Van Gogh’s mental disorder was completely caused by alcohol. B．HS2 dig is meant to discover Medieval ruins. C．The Neolithic period lasted about 35 to 125 years. D．First settlers in North America raised dogs mainly for fur. 3．Who are probably the target readers of the text? A．Animal protectors. B．Scientific researchers. C．City architects. D．History lovers. Passage 8 （24-25高二下·云南·阶段练习）Borneo is home to some of the most extraordinary wildlife. Several years ago, I decided to go there for a visit. A local person offered to be my guide, which was a great 1 for me. One day, my guide turned off the 2 road and took me across a rough hillside instead. We picked our way carefully when, 3 , a Rafflesia (大王花) popped into my view among those stones. Oh, dear! More than pleased, I bent down and put my 4 inside the flower’s core to smell it. Nevertheless, to my surprise, it was only one of the 5 during the trip. As I 6 the end of my trip, there was still something I had yet to see. We planned to hunt for the most 7 creature there, the saltwater crocodile, which can 8 to a length of 6 meters or more. When we shone a flashlight towards the muddy shore, little sounds 9 in the darkness as if something unseen underwater had broken the surface. Taking a second look, we 10 two greedy eyes just above the water line. As we drew near, it 11 and we saw clearly it was a crocodile. With great caution, we neared it and finally could 12 its true dimension. It was a baby crocodile — no more than 0.6 meters long. Aha, whatever, I could now report to the 13 back home, who had never been to Borneo, that I had 14 a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to tell the tale. The world out there is so fascinating. Don’t let work 15 your life. Why not step outdoors and enjoy the wonders nature offers to you? 1．A．session B．bond C．profession D．bonus 2．A．breathtaking B．busy C．smooth D．winding 3．A．suddenly B．ultimately C．luckily D．precisely 4．A．mouth B．nose C．face D．head 5．A．species B．herbs C．destinations D．highlights 6．A．reached B．wrote C．approached D．expected 7．A．violent B．intelligent C．graceful D．mysterious 8．A．adjust B．grow C．agree D．add 9．A．emerged B．faded C．continued D．traveled 10．A．imagined B．opened C．spotted D．gripped 11．A．moved B．slept C．dived D．escaped 12．A．work out B．set out C．turn out D．make out 13．A．merchants B．hunters C．folks D．guides 14．A．caught B．encountered C．fed D．trained 15．A．rule B．ruin C．challenge D．relieve 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 History and Traditions 历史和传统 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. —Marcus Garvey 释义：一个不了解自己历史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵无根之树。 ——马库斯·加维 启示：这句引言形象地阐明了历史起源及其所蕴含文化的重要性；要积极思考学习中外历史和传统的重要价值，认识了解中外不同国家的历史文化传统对传播祖国文化、正确认识他国文化的重要意义。 主题词汇积累 一、历史遗迹与建筑相关 historical site 历史遗迹；文化遗产地 architectural style 建筑风格 ancient monument 古代遗迹；古迹 preserve relics 保护文物 in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪 come into being 形成；产生 二、文化传承与习俗相关 cultural heritage 文化遗产 traditional custom 传统习俗 pass down 传承；流传 folk festival 民间节日 in memory of 为纪念…… carry forward 弘扬；发扬 三、历史演变与事件相关 historical event 历史事件 go through changes 经历变革 take over 接管；取代 break away from 脱离；摆脱 date back to 追溯到…… under the rule of 在…… 的统治下 四、国家与地域特征相关 nation-state 民族国家 geographical feature 地理特征 border on 与…… 接壤 be made up of 由…… 组成 political system 政治体制 a sense of national identity 国家认同感 时文拓展阅读 (2024·吉林省延边州高一上期末)A visit to one of the New Seven Wonders of the World can be one of the most exciting and unforgettable vacations you and your family can take. For a quick introduction of the Wonders, this text presents only four of the historic sites. Giza Necropolis of Egypt Located about 12 miles from Cairo, Giza Necropolis features (以……为特色) the Great Pyramid and the Great Sphinx of Giza and is about over 4，500 years old. It is easy to take public transportation from Cairo but families should consider booking a personal guide or group trip from a tour operator such as Go Travel Egypt or Viator. The Great Wall of China With a history dating back to 476 BCE, the Great Wall stretches (绵延) 13,170 miles across China. The most famous and most visited section of the Great Wall is Badaling. A number of tour operators can be found in Beijing, with recommendations including Viator, The Great Wall Hiking and Discover Beijing Tours. Admission (门票费) to Badaling is just 45 Chinese Yuan(about $7.50) but a guided tour from Beijing starts at around $75. Petra of Jordan Rediscovered in 1812, Petra was the fourth century BCE capital of the Nabataean empire. Known for its intricate (错综复杂的) carvings into a sandstone mountain, Petra was a business center, located between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea. Tours to the Lost City can be arranged in Israel or from Anman, the capital and largest city of Jordan 150 miles to the north. Colosseum of Italy Located in the ancient center of Rome, the Colosseum started to be built in 72 CE and was finished in 80 CE. Till today, the Colosseum is still the largest amphitheater (圆形竞技场) in the world. Guided tours are easy to find from a number of operators but tickets for self­guided tours can be bought on site for 12 euro. 【译文欣赏】 参观世界新七大奇迹之一可能是你和你的家人能拥有的最令人兴奋和难忘的假期之一。为了快速介绍这些奇迹，本文仅介绍四处历史遗迹。 埃及吉萨墓地： 吉萨墓地距离开罗约 12 英里，以吉萨大金字塔和大狮身人面像为特色，距今约 4500 多年历史。从开罗乘坐公共交通工具很方便，但一家人出行应该考虑从诸如 “埃及之旅” 或 “维亚托尔” 等旅行社预订私人导游服务或团体旅行。 中国长城 长城历史可追溯到公元前 476 年，绵延 13170 英里横跨中国。长城最著名且参观人数最多的段落是八达岭。在北京可以找到许多旅行社，推荐的有维亚托尔、长城徒步旅行和探索北京之旅。八达岭门票仅 45 元人民币（约 7.5 美元），但从北京出发的有导游陪同的旅行团费用起价约为 75 美元。 约旦佩特拉古城 佩特拉古城于 1812 年被重新发现，它是公元前 4 世纪纳巴泰帝国的首都。佩特拉以其在砂岩山上的错综复杂的雕刻而闻名，它曾是一个商业中心，位于死海和红海之间。前往这座 “失落之城” 的旅行可以在以色列安排，或者从约旦首都安曼出发，安曼是约旦最大的城市，位于佩特拉以北 150 英里处。 意大利罗马斗兽场 罗马斗兽场位于古罗马中心，始建于公元 72 年，完工于公元 80 年。直到今天，罗马斗兽场仍然是世界上最大的圆形竞技场。很容易从许多旅行社找到有导游陪同的旅行团，而自助游门票可在现场购买，价格为 12 欧元。 【词汇积累】 · New Seven Wonders of the World：世界新七大奇迹 · historic sites：历史遗迹 · Necropolis：墓地，公墓 · feature：以…… 为特色；特征，特色 · Sphinx：狮身人面像 · date back to：追溯到 · stretch：延伸，绵延；伸展 · admission：进入；门票费 · intricate：复杂的，错综复杂的 · amphitheater：圆形竞技场 【知识拓展】 这些世界奇迹不仅是人类建筑技艺和智慧的结晶，更是历史与文化的见证。它们告诉我们，人类有着无穷的创造力和坚韧不拔的精神。无论是历经数千年风雨仍屹立不倒的金字塔，还是蜿蜒万里的长城，都展示了古人在面对巨大困难时，凭借着信念和毅力，完成了看似不可能的任务。这激励着我们在生活中，无论遇到多么艰巨的挑战，都不应轻易放弃，要相信自己有能力创造出属于自己的 “奇迹”，用汗水和智慧去书写属于自己的辉煌篇章。 【词汇延伸】 · 与 “奇迹” 相关词汇：wonder（奇迹）, marvel（奇迹，令人惊叹的事物）, masterpiece（杰作，代表作，可用于形容奇迹般的建筑等）, phenomenon（现象，也可指奇迹般的现象）。 · 与 “历史” 相关词汇：history（历史）, historical（历史的，有关历史的）, archaeology（考古学）, heritage（遗产，可指历史文化遗产）, antique（古董，古物）。 · 与 “旅游” 相关词汇：tour（旅行，旅游）, travel（旅行）, journey（旅程）, sightseeing（观光，游览）, itinerary（行程安排）, tour guide（导游）。 【长难句分析】 1.A visit to one of the New Seven Wonders of the World can be one of the most exciting and unforgettable vacations you and your family can take. 0. 分析：句子的主语是 “A visit”，“to one of the New Seven Wonders of the World” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “visit”。“can be” 是谓语，“one of the most exciting and unforgettable vacations” 是表语，“you and your family can take” 是省略了关系代词 “that” 的定语从句，修饰 “vacations”。 0. 译文：参观世界新七大奇迹之一可能是你和你的家人能拥有的最令人兴奋和难忘的假期之一。 2.Located about 12 miles from Cairo, Giza Necropolis features the Great Pyramid and the Great Sphinx of Giza and is about over 4，500 years old. 0. 分析：“Located about 12 miles from Cairo” 是过去分词短语作状语，表被动和状态，说明吉萨墓地的位置。句子的主语是 “Giza Necropolis”，“features” 和 “is” 是并列谓语，分别介绍了吉萨墓地的特色和历史年限。 0. 译文：吉萨墓地距离开罗约 12 英里，以吉萨大金字塔和大狮身人面像为特色，距今约 4500 多年历史。 3.With a history dating back to 476 BCE, the Great Wall stretches 13,170 miles across China. 0. 分析：“With a history dating back to 476 BCE” 是介词短语作状语，其中 “dating back to 476 BCE” 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “history”。句子主语是 “the Great Wall”，“stretches” 是谓语，“13,170 miles across China” 是宾语，说明长城的绵延长度和范围。 0. 译文：长城历史可追溯到公元前 476 年，绵延 13170 英里横跨中国。 4.Rediscovered in 1812, Petra was the fourth - century BCE capital of the Nabataean empire. · 分析：“Rediscovered in 1812” 是过去分词短语作状语，表被动，说明佩特拉古城被重新发现的时间。句子主语是 “Petra”，“was” 是谓语，“the fourth - century BCE capital of the Nabataean empire” 是表语，介绍佩特拉古城的历史地位。 · 译文：佩特拉古城于 1812 年被重新发现，它是公元前 4 世纪纳巴泰帝国的首都。 5.Till today, the Colosseum is still the largest amphitheater in the world. 0. 分析：“Till today” 是时间状语，句子主语是 “the Colosseum”，“is” 是谓语，“the largest amphitheater in the world” 是表语，其中 “in the world” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “amphitheater”。 0. 译文：直到今天，罗马斗兽场仍然是世界上最大的圆形竞技场。 高考真题链接 （2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·高考真题）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 28．What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A．Loss of wetlands. B．Popularity of water sports. C．Pollution of rivers. D．Arrival of other wild animals. 29．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A．Acquire. B．Export. C．Destroy. D．Distribute. 30．What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A．The stamp price has gone down. B．The migratory birds have flown away. C．The hunters have stopped hunting. D．The government has collected money. 31．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting 【答案】28．A 29．C 30．D 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于栖息地减少，美国水禽骤减，因此联邦发行鸭票，狩猎者只有购买鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护水禽。 28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.(数百万只水禽被市场猎人和一些野心勃勃的运动员杀死。数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以养活和安置不断增加的人口，大大减少了水禽的栖息地)”可知，数百万英亩的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，导致水禽的栖息地减少，水禽数量下降。故选A。 29．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.(美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。不幸的是，仅仅几十年的探险家和定居者就decimate这些资源的大部分)”可知，前后句形成转折，前一句陈述美洲原住民保护这些宝贵的自然资源，所以后句表示探险家和定居者破坏了这些自然资源，推测划线单词表示“破坏”，与destroy同义。故选C。 30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.(自1934年以来，已有超过5亿美元投入该基金，用于购买500多万英亩的栖息地)”可知，自1934年通过法案，政府获得超过5亿美元，已经筹集了很多资金，以购买水禽栖息地。故选D。 31．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. (根据该法案，所有16岁及以上的水禽猎人必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭章)”以及第三段“Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.(难怪联邦鸭票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一)”可知，本文主要讲述了联邦鸭票的故事，所以“联邦鸭票的故事”可以作为文章标题。故选A。 1.原句：When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. 结构拆解： “When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America” 是时间状语从句，“when” 引导从句，“the explorers”（探险家）是从句主语，“set foot upon”（踏上）是谓语，“the continent of North America”（北美洲大陆）是宾语 。 主句是 “the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife” ，“the skies and lands”（天空和大地）是主语，“were alive with”（充满着；洋溢着）是谓语结构，“an astonishing variety of wildlife”（种类惊人的野生动物）是宾语 。 翻译：当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时，天空和大地上满是种类惊人的野生动物。 2.原句：Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever - increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat. 结构拆解： 主句 “Millions of acres of wetlands were dried” ，“Millions of acres of wetlands”（数百万英亩的湿地）是主语，“were dried”（被抽干）是谓语 。 “to feed and house the ever - increasing populations” 是动词不定式短语作目的状语，说明湿地被抽干的目的是 “养活并安置不断增长的人口” ；“greatly reducing waterfowl habitat” 是现在分词短语作结果状语，表明湿地被抽干后 “大大减少了水禽栖息地” 这一结果 。 翻译：数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以养活并安置不断增长的人口，这大大减少了水禽的栖息地。 3.原句：About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. 结构拆解： 主句 “About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund” ，“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar”（每张鸭票收入中的约 98 美分）是主语，“goes directly into”（直接进入）是谓语，“the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund”（候鸟保护基金）是宾语 。 “to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System” 是动词不定式短语作目的状语，说明资金进入基金的目的是 “购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，将其纳入国家野生动物保护区系统” 。 “a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come” 是同位语结构，“a fact” 作前面内容的同位语，“that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come” 是定语从句，修饰 “a fact” ，其中 “this land will be protected and available for all generations to come” 是宾语从句，作 “ensures” 的宾语 。 翻译：每张鸭票收入中约 98 美分直接进入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，将其纳入国家野生动物保护区系统 —— 这一事实确保了这片土地将受到保护，并为子孙后代所用。 英文词汇 音标 词性 中文释义 explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ n. 探险家；勘探者 astonishing /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ adj. 惊人的；令人惊讶的 decimate /ˈdesɪmeɪt/ v. 大量毁灭；严重破坏 wetland /ˈwetlənd/ n. 湿地 habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地 passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/ n. （法律等的）通过； passage of the Act （法案的通过 ） migratory /ˈmaɪɡrətəri/ adj. 迁徙的；迁移的 initiate /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ v. 发起；创始 conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ n. 保护；保存 refuge /ˈrefjuːdʒ/ n. 保护区；庇护所 背景知识： （一）北美洲生态与水禽危机 北美洲曾因丰富的自然资源，孕育了多样野生动物。但欧洲探险家及后续定居者到来后，过度狩猎（市场猎人捕杀水禽获利、部分猎人过度追求狩猎成果 ）、湿地开发（将湿地抽干用于农业生产、城市建设，满足人口增长需求 ）等人类活动，使水禽栖息地急剧减少，水禽数量大幅下降，生态平衡遭受严重破坏。 （二）《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》（Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act ） 1934 年法案通过，标志美国在保护候鸟（水禽是重要部分 ）及湿地生态上的重要行动。法案要求 16 岁及以上水禽猎人每年购买并携带联邦鸭票，鸭票收入成为候鸟保护基金重要来源，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，纳入国家野生动物保护区系统，对恢复水禽种群、保护生态意义重大。 （三）联邦鸭票的设计与意义 首张联邦鸭票由政治漫画家 J.N. “Ding” Darling 设计，他受罗斯福总统任命参与生态保护工作。鸭票不只是狩猎许可凭证，更成为生态保护象征，猎人购买鸭票体现对自然资源保护的支持，推动保护基金积累与生态修复。 阅读微技能（解题技巧）： （一）细节理解题 —— 定位关键词法 应用场景：解答如 “28 题：What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?” 这类细节题。 操作步骤： 先读题目，圈出关键词 “cause”（原因）、“waterfowl population decline”（水禽数量下降）。 带着关键词回原文第一段找对应内容，定位到 “Millions of waterfowl were killed... Millions of acres of wetlands were dried... greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.” ，通过分析可知湿地减少是水禽数量下降原因，对应选项 A。 作用：快速锁定答题区域，避免盲目阅读，提高答题效率与准确率。 （二）词句猜测题 —— 语境推测法 应用场景：处理 “29 题：What does the underlined word ‘decimate’ mean in the first paragraph?” 这类猜词题。 操作步骤： 找到 “decimate” 所在句子 “Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.”。 分析语境，前句说美洲原住民 “wisely（明智地）” 保护资源，后句 “Unfortunately（不幸地）” 形成转折，说明探险家和定居者对资源做了负面行为，结合后文水禽被大量捕杀、湿地被破坏，推测 “decimate” 是 “破坏；毁灭” 之意，对应选项 C。 作用：利用上下文逻辑关系（转折、因果等 ），准确推测生词含义，突破阅读词汇障碍。 （三）推理判断题 —— 归纳总结法 应用场景：应对 “30 题：What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?” 这类推理题。 操作步骤： 找到与 1934 年法案相关内容，即第二段 “Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters... must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.” 及第三段 “Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund...”。 对信息归纳，法案要求猎人买鸭票，鸭票收入进入基金，由此推理出 “政府筹集到了资金” 这一直接结果，对应选项 D。 作用：整合分散信息，基于文本内容合理推理，挖掘隐含意思，解答需要逻辑推导的题目。 （四）主旨大意题 —— 抓核心线索法 应用场景：解答 “31 题：Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?” 这类主旨题。 操作步骤： 梳理文章脉络，第一段讲水禽数量下降原因；第二段介绍 1934 年法案及联邦鸭票；第三段说明鸭票对保护基金的贡献及保护成果。 抓核心线索 “联邦鸭票” ，它贯穿文章，从法案要求购买，到鸭票收入用于保护，都是围绕其展开，所以 “The Federal Duck Stamp Story” 适合作为标题，对应选项 A。 作用：识别文章核心线索（高频词、关键事物等 ），概括文章主旨，选出精准标题。 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 332 文章讲述了格陵兰雪橇犬文化因传统狩猎式微与气候变暖面临危机，民众以改良工具积极适应，并努力守护该文化遗产。 Passage 2 阅读理解 应用文 240 文章主要介绍阿姆斯特丹隐藏景点自行车之旅的时间、起点及游览内容等信息。 Passage 3 阅读理解 记叙文 351 文章讲述了作者因拉达克岩画面临开发破坏而投入十年记录，揭示其作为人类艺术本能体现的价值，并通过书籍向世界传播这一文化遗产。 Passage 4 阅读理解 新闻报道 303 文章主要讲述了郭英雄传承与创新客家竹雕艺术的事迹。 Passage 5 阅读理解 应用文 218 文章主要介绍了4月恢复的巴黎至米兰的直达火车线路，以及沿线巴黎、都灵、里昂和米兰这几座城市的特色景点、活动及相关网站信息。 Passage 6 阅读理解 应用文 305 本文介绍了欧洲四座城市在六月份各自的特色活动和魅力。 Passage 7 阅读理解 说明文 315 主要介绍四则关于梵高、HS2挖掘、新石器时代末期及北美首批定居者的历史与科学发现。 Passage 8 完形填空 记叙文 284 作者讲述了自己到Borneo旅行并偶遇鳄鱼的故事。 Passage 1 （24-25高二下·江西抚州·期末）When Stella Olsen was 12 years old, her father presented her with a choice. Her family owned sled dogs, which could take a lot of work. Her father asked her if she’d like to take care of the dogs. “If you don’t want to take care of them, we have to destroy them,” Olsen recalls him saying. She immediately sprung into action, hunting and fishing to feed the dogs. Now, 14 years later, she’s raising sled dogs of her own. Her dogs are like family. For generations, Greenlanders have relied on sled dogs for hunting. But the number of sled dogs has been cut in half over the last 20 years. “One of the contributors is that the traditional hunting culture is changing,” Morten Meldgaard, a professor at the University of Greenland, said. Those who have long relied on dog sledding are also having to adapt to a warming climate. “Sea ice is not as widespread as it was earlier on. And so, the use of the sled dogs on the ice is limited,” he added. That means mushers (赶狗拉雪橇的人) like Olsen have to adapt to keep this tradition alive. She’s considering buying a sled with wheels to train her dogs, to account for the fact that there is less ice. “I’m not going to quit my dogs because of the weather but it’s really difficult,” she said. For her, it’s hard to put into words what it feels like to dogsled. “People always ask about how it used to be, but I can only tell it in my version because I live here and now,” she said. “Putting all of this into words will be key to preserving many of Greenland’s traditions,” says Manumina Lund Jensen, a PhD student at the University of Greenland. She’s working to preserve knowledge about dog sledding through research and by collecting oral histories. “That is the wisdom which we pass on to the younger generations,” she says. 1．Why did Olsen decide to look after the sled dogs? A．Because she valued sled dogs highly. B．Because her father forced her to do so. C．Because the dogs were easy to raise. D．Because she longed to sell them. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Examples of climate change. B．Reasons for the decline of sled dogs. C．A brief introduction of Greenlanders’ life. D．The destructive effect of global warming. 3．What does Olsen think of preserving the tradition of dog sledding? A．Tiring. B．Expensive. C．Challenging. D．Risky. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific research on dog sledding has proved effective. B．Younger generations have lost interest in dogsled. C．Oral histories play a key role in preserving traditions. D．Climate change makes cultural preservation impossible. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了格陵兰雪橇犬文化因传统狩猎式微与气候变暖面临危机，民众以改良工具积极适应，并努力守护该文化遗产。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中““If you don’t want to take care of them, we have to destroy them,” Olsen recalls him saying. She immediately sprung into action, hunting and fishing to feed the dogs. Now, 14 years later, she’s raising sled dogs of her own. Her dogs are like family. (“如果你不想照顾它们，我们就只能销毁它们，”Olsen回忆父亲当时说道。她立刻行动起来，通过打猎和捕鱼来喂养这些雪橇犬。14年后的今天，她已拥有了自己的雪橇犬群，这些狗狗对她而言如同家人一般)”可推知，Olsen选择照顾雪橇犬是因为她非常珍视它们，不愿意看到它们被销毁。故选A项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“But the number of sled dogs has been cut in half over the last 20 years. “One of the contributors is that the traditional hunting culture is changing,” Morten Meldgaard, a professor at the University of Greenland, said. Those who have long relied on dog sledding are also having to adapt to a warming climate. “Sea ice is not as widespread as it was earlier on. And so, the use of the sled dogs on the ice is limited,” he added. (然而在过去20年间，雪橇犬的数量已锐减一半。“其中一个重要原因是传统狩猎文化正在发生改变，”格陵兰大学教授Morten Meldgaard解释道。长期依赖狗拉雪橇的居民们还不得不适应气候变暖的现状。“如今海冰覆盖范围已大不如前，因此雪橇犬在冰面上的用武之地也变得有限，”他补充道)”可知，该段主要讨论了雪橇犬数量减少的原因，包括传统狩猎文化的改变和气候变暖的影响。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中Olsen所说的话“I’m not going to quit my dogs because of the weather but it’s really difficult (我不会因为天气原因就放弃我的雪橇犬，但这确实非常艰难)”可知，Olsen认为保护雪橇犬的传统非常有挑战性。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Putting all of this into words will be key to preserving many of Greenland’s traditions (把这一切用语言表达出来，将是保存格陵兰诸多传统的关键所在)”和“She’s working to preserve knowledge about dog sledding through research and by collecting oral histories. (她正通过研究和收集口述历史，致力于保存有关狗拉雪橇的传统知识)”可推知，口述历史对保护雪橇犬传统很关键。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·江西宜春·期末）Bike Tour of the Hidden Gems of AmsterdamTime Wednesday, July 11, at 13:00—16:00 Meeting point Mike’s Tours, Oosterdoksstraat 106,1011DK Amsterdam About the tour Amsterdam is famous for its biking culture and art scene. During this fun three-hour bike tour, which covers 12 km (8 miles), you’ll experience the attractions in a relaxed group setting, with a few extra surprises along the way. With your local guide, you’ll go on an Urban Adventure through parts of Amsterdam the average tourist doesn’t see. Passing by unique architecture (both old and new), centuries-old industrial zones and former shipyards, you’ll discover some of the hidden urban gems of Amsterdam. We set off at Central Station, which is convenient if you are using public transport as all of the main transport methods have stops there. Once you’ve been fitted out with a traditional Dutch bike, we will bike across to the Western part of the city exploring the 17th Century harbour area of Prinseneiland and the working class neighbourhood of Jordaan. We will take a short ferry (轮渡) ride across the IJ to see some of the up-and-coming locations of the former shipyards of Amsterdam North. Here you will see some of the industrial buildings. These areas are also well-known for their impressive street art. As part of this tour, you will have the opportunity to create your own artistic masterpieces, as in the north, anything goes, as long as it’s beautiful. 1．How long will the bike tour last? A．Two hours. B．Three hours. C．Six hours. D．Eight hours. 2．Where does the bike tour start? A．Jordaan. B．Mike’s Tours. C．Prinseneiland. D．Central Station. 3．What is a feature of the areas in Amsterdam North explored during the tour? A．They offer ferry rides free of charge. B．They have no public transport at night. C．They are famous for amazing street art. D．They are crowded with foreign visitors. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍阿姆斯特丹隐藏景点自行车之旅的时间、起点及游览内容等信息。 1．细节理解题。根据About the tour部分中的“During this fun three-hour bike tour, which covers 12 km (8 miles), you’ll experience the attractions in a relaxed group setting, with a few extra surprises along the way. (在这个有趣的三小时自行车之旅中，全程12公里（8英里），你将在轻松的团队氛围中体验这些景点，沿途还有一些额外的惊喜。)”可知，自行车之旅将持续三小时。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据About the tour部分中的“We set off at Central Station, which is convenient if you are using public transport as all of the main transport methods have stops there. (我们从中央车站出发，如果你乘坐公共交通，这里很方便，因为所有主要交通方式都在那里有站点。)”可知，自行车之旅从中央车站开始。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据About the tour部分中的“We will take a short ferry (轮渡) ride across the IJ to see some of the up-and-coming locations of the former shipyards of Amsterdam North. Here you will see some of the industrial buildings. These areas are also well-known for their impressive street art. (我们将乘坐短途轮渡穿越艾湾，去看看阿姆斯特丹北部前造船厂一些新兴的地点。在这里你会看到一些工业建筑。这些地区也因其令人印象深刻的街头艺术而闻名。)”可知，旅途中游览的阿姆斯特丹北部地区以精彩的街头艺术闻名。故选C项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·山东日照·期末）Ladakh, in the trans-Himalayas, with its vast, uninhabited and stunning landscapes, has fascinated me since my first visit 20 years ago. In 2011, my fifth time in Ladakh, the region’s raw beauty held an entirely different pull — one that seemed to hum with an ancient energy, a force I hadn’t noticed before. In the very bones of the land lay a collection of prehistoric carvings known as petroglyphs, the only remains of prehistoric human presence in the area. Seeing these carvings, I couldn’t shake the feeling that I was witnessing something far deeper than I had imagined. There was an urgency to document them, as centuries-old carvings were being destroyed under the pressures of development. As a mountain enthusiast always seeking adventures, this attractive art drew me in, like a moth to a flame, beginning a decade-long journey of discovery and documentation. These markings were not just carvings on rock but reflections of an ancient culture we know little about. Despite tough living conditions, these huntergatherers still found ways to convey their beliefs and observations through highly stylized forms, reflecting the deep artistic desire that has always been a part of the human — long before the rise of civilized society. As artist and anthropologist Desmond Morris put it, “It is as if the human species were incapable of being artless regardless of material circumstances.” To bring these open-air art galleries to a wider audience, I wanted to create something that had not been attempted before by using specialized photography techniques with my focus being on distribution, styles and creative range. It was no small matter, given the vastness of Ladakh, my ambition to capture art from every region, the limited windows of opportunity, and the harsh conditions I faced. Not to mention, all my trips were personally funded. When the book — Speaking Stones: Rock Art of Ladakh — was named a finalist for the Banff Mountain Book Award in 2024, I was honored, but the recognition was secondary. My true reward was a deeper connection with time and nature through a vast unbroken string, binding us all together. 1．What drove the author to document the petroglyphs? A．The threat of regional progress. B．The appeal of amazing scenery. C．A search for thrilling experiences. D．A childhood bond with ancient art. 2．What can we learn from Morris’s quote in paragraph 3? A．Art is the mirror of nature. B．Art inspires human wisdom. C．Art is deeply rooted in humans. D．Art can’t exist without materials. 3．Which can best describe the process of creating the book? A．Systematic. B．Brain-tearing. C．Painstaking. D．Eventful. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Tasting the Past: The Analysis of Petroglyph B．Written in Stone: Ladakh’s Timeless Artistry C．Guarding the Rocks: A Saver of Ladakh’s Heritage D．Carved by Time: A Record of Himalayan Geography 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因拉达克岩画面临开发破坏而投入十年记录，揭示其作为人类艺术本能体现的价值，并通过书籍向世界传播这一文化遗产。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There was an urgency to document them, as centuries-old carvings were being destroyed under the pressures of development. (记录这些石刻变得紧迫，因为数百年的雕刻正在发展的压力下遭到破坏。)”可知，区域发展的威胁导致岩画正在被破坏，作者受此驱使决定进行记录。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中Desmond Morris所说的话“It is as if the human species were incapable of being artless regardless of material circumstances. (人类似乎无论如何都无法脱离艺术，即便在物质条件匮乏的情况下。)”可知，Morris强调人类天生具有艺术表达的本能，与物质条件无关。因此，C项“艺术深植于人类本性中”准确概括了这一思想。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It was no small matter, given the vastness of Ladakh, my ambition to capture art from every region, the limited windows of opportunity, and the harsh conditions I faced. Not to mention, all my trips were personally funded. (这绝非易事，考虑到拉达克的广袤、我想记录所有地区艺术的野心、有限的时机以及严酷的条件，更不用说所有行程都是自费。)”可知，在这一过程中作者面临各种艰难和挑战，因此这是艰辛的。A. Systematic系统性的；B. Brain-tearing烧脑的；C.Painstaking辛苦的；D. Eventful多事的。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“As a mountain enthusiast always seeking adventures, this attractive art drew me in, like a moth to a flame, beginning a decade-long journey of discovery and documentation. (作为一位始终追寻冒险的登山爱好者，这些迷人的艺术如同火焰吸引飞蛾般令我着迷，由此开启了我长达十年的探索与记录之旅。)”和第三段中“These markings were not just carvings on rock but reflections of an ancient culture we know little about. (这些刻痕绝非仅仅是岩石上的雕刻，更是我们对之一无所知的远古文化的映射。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者记录拉达克史前岩画，探索其作为古代艺术的价值，并出版书籍的经历。因此，B项“刻于石上：拉达克的永恒艺术”涵盖岩画和艺术性，且Timeless呼应文中古代与现代的连接，最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 4 （福建省宁德市2024-2025学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语测试）In Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, 58-year-old Guo Yingxiong is breathing new life into Hakka bamboo carving. In his workshops, the bamboo seems to come alive with his skilled hands-everyday scenes unfold, like a tea seller carrying his goods or young lovers sitting by the water. These creations represent more than art. They form a living bridge between the ancient art of Hakka bamboo carving and the modern world that Guo has upheld for over four decades. Bamboo carving has deep cultural roots. While its origins date back to the Six Dynasties period, the art was well received by people during the Tang Dynasty, before achieving its golden age during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when scholars praised bamboo for symbolizing strength and honesty. Song Dynasty Sushi wrote that he would rather dine without meat than live without bamboo. Among regional styles, Hakka bamboo carving stood out by mixing traditional calligraphy with creative designs. In 2010, it was listed as a provincial-level intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage in Jiangxi. Guo’s exposure to the art began young-he learned from his father, who taught him strict rules, like using only winter-cut bamboo and memorizing over 50 steps to prepare the material before carving. With tireless practices, he mastered various sculpting techniques, establishing himself as a pioneer in preserving and advancing Jiangxi’s carving heritage. To keep the tradition alive, Guo opened Ganzhou’s first Hakka bamboo carving workshop in 2017. There, he made custom pieces and taught students. One of his students, Han Lu, even started studying the craft’s history after being inspired by him. Besides, he also created smaller, cheaper items like bamboo bookmarks and mixed traditional skills with modem designs to attract younger people. Through such efforts, he hopes to secure a brighter future for the art, one careful cut at a time. 1．Why are Guo’s creations mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To praise his remarkable carving skills. B．To highlight the art’s connection to daily life. C．To picture ancient and modern artistic styles. D．To stress his efforts to preserve the ancient art. 2．In which period did bamboo carving become popular? A．The Six Dynasties. B．The Tang Dynasty. C．The Ming Dynasty. D．The Song Dynasty. 3．What distinguished Hakka bamboo carving from other regional styles? A．Complex material preparations. B．The symbol of bamboo carving. C．Careful and strict practices for decades. D．A combination of tradition and innovation 4．How did Guo preserve bamboo carving? A．By teaching people calligraphy. B．By using only winter-cut bamboo. C．By getting young people involved in it. D．By studying its history with his students. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了郭英雄传承与创新客家竹雕艺术的事迹。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“These creations represent more than art. They form a living bridge between the ancient art of Hakka bamboo carving and the modern world that Guo has upheld for over four decades.(这些作品不仅仅是艺术。它们在郭英雄四十多年来一直坚守的客家竹雕这一古老艺术与现代世界之间架起了一座活生生的桥梁)”可推知，第一段提到郭英雄的作品是为了强调他为保护古老艺术所做的努力。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“While its origins date back to the Six Dynasties period, the art was well received by people during the Tang Dynasty, before achieving its golden age during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when scholars praised bamboo for symbolizing strength and honesty. Song Dynasty Sushi wrote that he would rather dine without meat than live without bamboo.(虽然它的起源可以追溯到六朝时期，但这种艺术在唐朝时期受到了人们的欢迎，然后在明清时期达到了黄金时代，当时学者们称赞竹子象征着力量和诚实。宋代苏轼曾写道，与其没有竹子，不如不吃肉)”可知，竹雕在唐朝开始流行。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Among regional styles, Hakka bamboo carving stood out by mixing traditional calligraphy with creative designs.(在地域风格中，客家竹雕以传统书法与创意设计相结合而脱颖而出)”可知，客家竹雕与其他地域风格的区别在于传统与创新的结合。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Besides, he also created smaller, cheaper items like bamboo bookmarks and mixed traditional skills with modem designs to attract younger people. Through such efforts, he hopes to secure a brighter future for the art, one careful cut at a time.(此外，他还创作了更小、更便宜的物品，如竹制书签，并将传统技艺与现代设计相结合，以吸引年轻人。通过这样的努力，他希望为这门艺术创造一个更光明的未来，每一次精心雕刻)”可知，郭英雄通过让年轻人参与进来保护竹雕。故选C。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·湖北荆州·期末）April sees the return of Trenitalia’s direct train service between Paris and Milan. The line passes through some glorious mountain scenery, calling in at several Alpine gateway towns as well as two of Europe’s most under-rated cities. Paris The 19th district is home to several new openings. La Geode cinema offers the chance to see an IMAX film inside a giant disco ball — if the film’s in French, headsets providing an English translation are available for hire. Nearby is a new food hall Boom Villette, which also hosts live music. lageode.fr; boomvillette com Turin Once the capital of Italy, this often-overlooked city keeps a timeless elegance with grand buildings and covered walkways. Visit in spring for warmer weather and the European Night of the Museums on 17 May, during which many offer free, late-night openings. turismotorino.org Lyon The France’s food capital is home to a lot of fresh cuisine experiences. New restaurant Astral serves tasting menus of delicate cuisine, while the impressive 220 BPM takes blindfolded diners to a secret forest location for an experiential feast. astral-restaurant.com; 220-bpm.fr Milan The city is very busy during Design Week, 8-13 April, with districts like Zona Tortona turning into open-air galleries. Don’t miss the Brera Modernart gallery — afterwards, head to Bar Basso to drink wines with locals. zonatortona.org; barbasso.com 1．Where can a traveller go for a free service? A．Astral in Lyon. B．Museums in Turin. C．Bar Basso in Milan. D．La Geode cinema in Paris. 2．Which restaurant appeals to thrill-seeking travellers? A．220 BPM. B．Astral. C．Boom Villette. D．Bar Basso. 3．Which website will offer you painting information? A．lageode.fr B．zonatortona.org C．barbasso.com D．turismotorino.org 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了4月恢复的巴黎至米兰的直达火车线路，以及沿线巴黎、都灵、里昂和米兰这几座城市的特色景点、活动及相关网站信息。 1．细节理解题。根据Turin部分中的“Visit in spring for warmer weather and the European Night of the Museums on 17 May, during which many offer free, late - night openings.(春天去游览，天气更暖和，还能赶上5月17日的欧洲博物馆之夜，在此期间许多博物馆会提供免费的夜间开放服务)”可知，旅行者可以在都灵的博物馆享受到免费服务。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据Lyon部分中的“while the impressive 220 BPM takes blindfolded diners to a secret forest location for an experiential feast.(而令人印象深刻的220 BPM会带领蒙着眼睛的用餐者前往一个秘密森林地点，享受一场体验式盛宴)”可知，220 BPM这种带领蒙眼食客去秘密森林的独特方式，对于寻求刺激的旅行者很有吸引力。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据Milan部分中的“The city is very busy during Design Week, 8 — 13 April, with districts like Zona Tortona turning into open-air galleries.(4月8 — 13日设计周期间，这座城市非常热闹，像托尔托纳区这样的地方会变成露天画廊)”以及“zonatortona.org”可知，zonatortona.org这个网站会提供绘画相关信息，因为露天画廊会展示绘画作品。故选B项。 Passage 6 （24-25高二下·河南鹤壁·期末）June in Europe-pure magic! The continent hits that perfect sweet spot, where the weather’s amazing. Whether you’re going after Mediterranean atmosphere, or charming old-world streets, the following cities absolutely shine in June. Zagreb, Croatia Zagreb feels like Europe’s best-kept secret, especially in June, when temperatures hit mid-70s℉. This city operates on caffeine and conversation—locals lift coffee-drinking to the same position as an Olympic sport. The Upper Town’s cobblestone (鹅卵石) streets are straight out of a fairy tale. Plus, INmusic Festival brings cool bands to Lake Jarun, but the real magic happens in everyday moments: surprise park concerts. Valencia, Spain Valencia in June is absolute fire—literally! The month peaks in Las Hogueras de San Juan (June 23—24), when the beach erupts with bonfires, fireworks, and parties celebrating the summer solstice (夏至), a well-known solar term. Before that grand ending, you’ll enjoy perfectly warm 80°F days, exploring a city that captures the beach-meets-culture atmosphere. Trondheim, Norway Trondheim in June is a strange but wonderful place where the sun barely sets, and you lose track of time, with temperatures around a pleasant 65℉. The endless days give you supernatural energy to explore this unique university town where cutting-edge Norwegian design meets thousand-year-old traditions. Join locals for midnight hikes, unplanned harbor swims, and festivals that seem to never end. Paris, France Forget Paris in April; June is when the City of Light really shines! The Seine’s banks transform into a massive hangout spot where locals share wine and laughs until sunset. Cafe platforms are crowded. Don’t miss Fete de la Musique on June 21, when the entire city becomes one giant concert with free performances everywhere in celebration of the summer solstice. Pack some snacks for an evening picnic beneath the Eiffel Tower, and then watch it sparkle as twilight finally arrives. 1．What can visitors do in Zagreb in June? A．Pick a special kind of stones. B．Appreciate surprise concerts. C．Watch Olympic competitions. D．Learn how to make coffee. 2．What do activities in Valencia and Paris have in common? A．They feature the theme of fire. B．They attach great importance to literature. C．They focus specifically on local cuisine. D．They include celebrations for a solar term. 3．Which country offers a unique experience of nearly continuous daylight? A．Spain. B．Croatia. C．Norway. D．France. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了欧洲四座城市在六月份各自的特色活动和魅力。 1．细节理解题。根据文章Zagreb, Croatia 部分中“Plus, INmusic Festival brings cool bands to Lake Jarun, but the real magic happens in everyday moments: surprise park concerts.( 此外，INmusic音乐节会将酷炫的乐队带到Jarun湖，但真正的魔力其实体现在日常生活中的惊喜公园音乐会上)”可知，六月份游客可以在Zagreb 欣赏惊喜音乐会。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章Valencia, Spain 部分中“The month peaks in Las Hogueras de San Juan(June 23—24), when the beach erupts with bonfires, fireworks, and parties celebrating the summer solstice (夏至), a well-known solar term.(六月的Valencia在Las Hogueras de San Juan（6月23日至24日）达到高潮，届时海滩上将燃起篝火、绽放烟花，人们还会举办派对庆祝夏至这一著名的节气)”和Paris, France部分中“Don’t miss Fete de la Musique on June 21, when the entire city becomes one giant concert with free performances everywhere in celebration of the summer solstice.(不要错过6月21日的Fête de la Musique，届时整个城市将变成一场大型音乐会，到处都有免费表演来庆祝夏至)”可知，Valencia和Paris活动的共同点是它们都包括对节气——夏至的庆祝。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据Trondheim, Norway 部分中“Trondheim in June is a strange but wonderful place where the sun barely sets, and you lose track of time, with temperatures around a pleasant 65℉.( 六月的Trondheim是一个奇特而美妙的地方，那里几乎看不到日落，气温宜人，大约在华氏65度左右，让人感觉时间飞逝)”可知，挪威提供几乎不间断的白昼的独特体验。故选C。 Passage 7 （24-25高一下·上海·期末）Van Gogh experienced a mental disorder Experts analyzed van Gogh’s medical records and hundreds of his letters, and interviewed three historians specializing in the artist. They believe that the findings point to the artist having experienced two periods of mental disorder in the final years of his life. These may have been caused in part by enforced withdrawal from alcohol, upon which van Gogh was increasingly dependent. HS2 dig shows magical marks Medieval graffiti (中世纪涂鸦) found in the remains of a church in Buckinghamshire may have been created to ward off bad spirits which is considered negative at that time, experts suggest. The marks, found carved into stones in the ruined church, likely date from the 12th century. It’s among the discoveries made as work continues on Britain’s new high-speed HS2 rail line, which is set to begin operation from 2029. End of the Stone Age saw monumental building rise The final years of the Neolithic period (新石器时代) were marked by intense building activity and the construction of several large monuments in Britain, a new study suggests. Analysis of a henge (巨石阵) at Mount Pleasant in Dorset shows that it took between 35 and 125years to build, rather than centuries, as previously thought. Experts assume that the effort may have been inspired by a sense that times were changing. First settlers in North America used dog hair for clothing Finding a landscape short of animals to domesticate, the first humans to arrive in North America bred the dogs that traveled with them from Eurasia for hunting, for labor and, most often, for fur. That’s a theory suggested by a study of 170,000 dogs’ bones found in the northwest of North America. Their hair may have been made into yarn (纱线) for use in clothing, experts suggest. 1．What does the phrase ward off mean in the second paragraph? A．prevent B．cause C．invade D．reverse 2．Which of the following statement is true? A．Van Gogh’s mental disorder was completely caused by alcohol. B．HS2 dig is meant to discover Medieval ruins. C．The Neolithic period lasted about 35 to 125 years. D．First settlers in North America raised dogs mainly for fur. 3．Who are probably the target readers of the text? A．Animal protectors. B．Scientific researchers. C．City architects. D．History lovers. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍四则关于梵高、HS2挖掘、新石器时代末期及北美首批定居者的历史与科学发现。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Medieval graffiti (中世纪涂鸦) found in the remains of a church in Buckinghamshire may have been created to ward off bad spirits which is considered negative at that time, experts suggest. (专家称，在白金汉郡一座教堂遗址中发现的中世纪涂鸦可能是为了ward off当时被认为是负面的恶灵。)”可知，中世纪涂鸦可能是为了抵御恶灵，故“ward off”意为“防止、抵御”。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Finding a landscape short of animals to domesticate, the first humans to arrive in North America bred the dogs that traveled with them from Eurasia for hunting, for labor and, most often, for fur. (由于发现北美缺乏可驯化的动物，首批抵达北美的人类饲养了从欧亚大陆带来的狗，用于狩猎、劳动，最常见的是为了获取皮毛。)”可知，北美首批定居者主要为了皮毛饲养狗。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，主要介绍四则关于梵高、HS2挖掘、新石器时代末期及北美首批定居者的历史与科学发现。目标读者可能是历史爱好者。故选D项。 Passage 8 （24-25高二下·云南·阶段练习）Borneo is home to some of the most extraordinary wildlife. Several years ago, I decided to go there for a visit. A local person offered to be my guide, which was a great 1 for me. One day, my guide turned off the 2 road and took me across a rough hillside instead. We picked our way carefully when, 3 , a Rafflesia (大王花) popped into my view among those stones. Oh, dear! More than pleased, I bent down and put my 4 inside the flower’s core to smell it. Nevertheless, to my surprise, it was only one of the 5 during the trip. As I 6 the end of my trip, there was still something I had yet to see. We planned to hunt for the most 7 creature there, the saltwater crocodile, which can 8 to a length of 6 meters or more. When we shone a flashlight towards the muddy shore, little sounds 9 in the darkness as if something unseen underwater had broken the surface. Taking a second look, we 10 two greedy eyes just above the water line. As we drew near, it 11 and we saw clearly it was a crocodile. With great caution, we neared it and finally could 12 its true dimension. It was a baby crocodile — no more than 0.6 meters long. Aha, whatever, I could now report to the 13 back home, who had never been to Borneo, that I had 14 a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to tell the tale. The world out there is so fascinating. Don’t let work 15 your life. Why not step outdoors and enjoy the wonders nature offers to you? 1．A．session B．bond C．profession D．bonus 2．A．breathtaking B．busy C．smooth D．winding 3．A．suddenly B．ultimately C．luckily D．precisely 4．A．mouth B．nose C．face D．head 5．A．species B．herbs C．destinations D．highlights 6．A．reached B．wrote C．approached D．expected 7．A．violent B．intelligent C．graceful D．mysterious 8．A．adjust B．grow C．agree D．add 9．A．emerged B．faded C．continued D．traveled 10．A．imagined B．opened C．spotted D．gripped 11．A．moved B．slept C．dived D．escaped 12．A．work out B．set out C．turn out D．make out 13．A．merchants B．hunters C．folks D．guides 14．A．caught B．encountered C．fed D．trained 15．A．rule B．ruin C．challenge D．relieve 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己到Borneo旅行并偶遇鳄鱼的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个当地人提出给我当导游，这对我来说是一个很大的意外收获。A. session会议；B. bond纽带，联系；C. profession职业；D. bonus奖金，意外收获。根据上文“A local person offered to be my guide”及常识可知，有当地人主动给作者当向导，这对作者来说是一个很大的额外令人高兴的事情，即意外收获。故选D。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我的导游离开了平坦的道路，带我穿过了一个崎岖的山坡。A. breathtaking惊险的，激动人心的；B. busy繁忙的；C. smooth平坦的；D. winding蜿蜒的。根据下文“took me across a rough hillside instead”可知，和崎岖山坡相反的是平坦的道路。故选C。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们小心翼翼地走着，突然，一个大王花出现在我的视野中。A. suddenly突然；B. ultimately最后；C. luckily幸运地；D. precisely精确地。根据下文“popped into my view”可知，pop into为“突然进入”之意，此处指的是“一棵大王花突然出现”。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我非常高兴，弯下腰，把鼻子伸进花心里闻。A. mouth嘴巴；B. nose鼻子；C. face脸；D. head头。根据下文“to smell it”可知，作者凑近鼻子去闻花香。故选B。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，令我惊讶的是，这只是这次旅行的亮点之一。A. species物种；B. herbs草本植物；C. destinations目的地；D. highlights亮点，最精彩的部分。根据上文“More than pleased”可知，作者遇到大王花时非常高兴，下文描述作者遇到鳄鱼的经历，故此处是说旅行中的亮点。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我接近旅行的终点时，还有一些东西我还没有看到。A. reached到达；B. wrote写；C. approached接近；D. expected期待。根据下文“there was still something I had yet to see. We planned to hunt for the most ___7___ creature there, the saltwater crocodile”可知，还有很多东西没看，作者还计划去寻找咸水鳄，故此处“接近旅行的终点时”符合语境，而不是“到达旅行的终点”。故选C。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们计划在那里寻找最凶猛的生物，咸水鳄鱼，它可以长到6米或更长。A. violent凶猛的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. graceful优雅的；D. mysterious神秘的。根据下文“the saltwater crocodile”可知，“最凶猛的生物”符合咸水鳄的特点。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. adjust调整；B. grow生长；C. agree同意；D. add增加。根据空后“to a length of 6 meters or more”可知，咸水鳄可以长到6米或更长。故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们用手电筒照向泥泞的海岸时，黑暗中传来了微弱的声音，好像有什么看不见的水下东西打破了水面。A. emerged出现；B. faded褪色；C. continued继续；D. traveled旅行。根据下文“as if something unseen underwater had broken the surface”可知，此处指出现了微弱的声音。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：再看一看，我们发现水线上方有两只贪婪的眼睛。A. imagined想象；B. opened打开；C. spotted发现，注意到；D. gripped紧握。根据上文“Taking a second look”可知，作者仔细看，发现有两只贪婪的眼睛。故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们走近时，它动了，我们清楚地看到它是一条鳄鱼。A. moved移动；B. slept睡觉；C. dived潜水；D. escaped逃跑。根据上文“As we drew near”以及下文“we saw clearly it was a crocodile”可知，作者走近它，它应该是动了，作者才看清楚是一条鳄鱼。故选A。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们小心翼翼地走近它，终于看清了它的真实尺寸。A. work out解决，计算出；B. set out启程；C. turn out结果，最终；D. make out辨认出，看出。根据上文“we neared it”可知，作者走近才看清鳄鱼的尺寸。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：啊哈，不管怎样，我现在可以向家乡那些从未去过婆罗洲的亲人报告，我在野外遇到了一只饥饿的鳄鱼，并活了下来，并讲述这个故事。A. merchants商人；B. hunters猎人；C. folks人们，亲人；D. guides导游。根据空后“back home, who had never been to Borneo”可知，此处指家乡的亲人。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. caught抓住；B. encountered遇到；C. fed喂养；D. trained训练。根据上文“we saw clearly it was a crocodile”可知，作者要向家乡的亲人讲述遇到鳄鱼的事情。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要让工作支配你的生活。A. rule统治，支配；B. ruin摧毁；C. challenge挑战；D. relieve缓解。根据下文“Why not step outdoors and enjoy the wonders nature offers to you?(为什么不走到户外，享受大自然带给你的奇迹呢？)”可知，作者建议去户外享受大自然带来的奇迹，故此处指不要让工作支配你的生活。故选A。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $