精品解析：广东省广州市真光中学汾水校区2025-2026学年高二上学期12月阶段测试英语试卷

广州市真光中学（高中部汾水校区）2025学年 高二12月阶段测试 英语 2025.12. 本试卷共10页，满分130分，考试用时：120分钟 注意事项： 1. 答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2. 请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Inventions born out of love Garbage Disposers (处理器) John W. Hammes, an architect from Wisconsin, created the InSinkErator in 1935. Hammes got the idea after watching his wife spend time wrapping food in newspaper and throwing it out. The InSinkErator is a device, put under a kitchen sink between the sink’s drain (排水管)and the trap. The disposal unit tears food waste into pieces small enough—generally less than 2 mm in diameter(直径) —to pass through the drains. Surgical Gloves William Stewart Halsted, M. D. (1852-1922) was a well-known US surgeon who is often called the “Father of Modern Surgery”. Known for his strict insistence to sterile(无菌的) working conditions, Halsted invented rubber gloves that allowed his colleagues to lessen the transfer of germs(细菌) during their work. Yet the initial reason why he created them is more romantic than you would think. Knowing Caroline, a nurse, suffered from a skin disease during her work, Halsted invented the gloves especially for her and gave them to her as a gift after their marriage. Band-Aids When Josephine Knight Dickson from New Jersey kept cutting herself while cooking for her family in the 1920s, her husband, Earle Dickson, stepped in. Dickson, a cotton buyer for Johnson &Johnson, according to the company’s website, decided to invent a temporary adhesive (有黏性的) bandage for his wife. His creation became the Band-Aid we all know and use today. Magnetic (有磁性的)Shirt Buttons Maura Horton’s husband, Don, was a football coach who had Parkinson’s disease. One day, after Don struggled to button his shirt before a game, Horton decided there needed to be a better clothing option for people suffering from a disability. So, Horton designed a shirt with magnetic buttons in 2012. These buttons will finally allow everyone to dress and undress themselves efficiently. 1. What’s the function of the InSinkErator? A. It can clear sink pipes. B. It can recycle kitchen waste. C. It can remove food waste easily. D. It can extend the service life of sinks. 2. For whom did William invent surgical gloves? A. A nurse. B. The patient. C. The surgeons D. His colleagues. 3. Which is the latest invention? A. The InSinkErator B. Band-Aids C. Surgical Gloves. D. Magnetic Shirt Buttons. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种发明，这四种发明都是源于发明人对伴侣的爱。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“T The disposal unit tears food waste into pieces small enough—generally less than 2 mm in diameter(直径) —to pass through the drains.(该处理装置将食物垃圾撕成足够小的碎片，通常直径小于2毫米，以便通过管道。)”可知，InSinkErator用来将食物垃圾撕成足够小的碎片，以便更轻松地清除食物垃圾。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Knowing Caroline, a nurse, suffered from a skin diseuse during her work, Halsted invented the gloves especially for her and gave them to her as a gift after their marriage. (得知护士Caroline在工作中患有皮肤病后，Halsted特意为她发明了这副手套，并在婚后送给她作为礼物。)”可知，手术手套最初是Halsted特意为他作护士工作的妻子发明的。故选A。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据这四种发明的发明时间：根据最后一段“So, Horton designed a shirt with magnetic buttons in 2012.(因此，Horton在2012年设计了一款带有磁性纽扣的衬衫。)”可知，选项A“Magnetic shirt buttons.(磁性衬衫纽扣)”的发明时间为2012年；根据第二段“William Stewart Halsted, M. D. (1852-1922)was a well-known US surgeon who is often called the “Father of Modern Surgery”. ( William Stewart Halsted医学博士(1852-1922)是美国著名的外科医生，常被称为“现代外科之父”。)”可推断，选项B“Surgical Gloves(手术手套)”的发明时间为1852到1922之间；根据第一段“John W. Hammes, an architect from Wisconsin, created the InSinkErator in 1935. (来自威斯康星州的建筑师John W. Hammes于1935年设计了InSinkErator。)”可知，选项C“The InSinkErator.”发明于1935年；根据文章第三段“When Josephine Knight Dickson from New Jersey kept cutting herself while cooking for her family in the 1920s, her husband, Earle Dickson, stepped in. ( 20世纪20年代，新泽西州的Josephine Knight Dickson在为家人做饭时不断割伤自己，她的丈夫Earle Dickson介入了。)”可知，选项D“Band-Aids.”发明于20世纪20年代。由此判断，四种发明中，最新发明是Magnetic Shirt Buttons。故选A。 B Old Mr. Hazlewood mended books in a shop that smelled of dust and drying glue. He was, by his own account, a gardener of words. “Words are like seeds,” he once told me. “They contain life, but they need the right soil to grow.” I was sent to him as a boy because I used language clumsily (笨拙地). My sentences were awkward, full of thorny (晦涩的) phrases. Instead of criticizing me. he placed a worn dictionary between us. “This is the seed catalogue,” he said, his finger, tracing the words. “But knowing the name of a seed is different from knowing how to make it grow.” One afternoon, he pointed to the word “effervescent”. “This one,” he said, “is a bubble. It belongs in a description of a stream in sunlight, or a child’s laughter. Plant it in a sad sentence, and the bubble will pop.” Then he showed me “sombre,” which he called “a deep-rooted thing, needing the shade of a serious thought.” Under his care, I learned to feel the weight and texture of words. I learned that “home” is a strong oak tree, offering shelter, while “house” is merely its timber (木材). That “lonely” has a colder chill than “alone”. Years later, when word reached me that Mr. Hazlewood had died, I went back to the silent shop. On his workbench lay a note, left for me. It was short, reading: “The garden is yours now. Tend it well.” I finally understood. He was not just tending words; he was tending minds. He knew that a well-chosen word, planted in a moment of understanding, could bloom for a lifetime, its meaning ripening long after the gardener was gone. 4. How did Mr. Hazlewood help the author understand words? A. By providing him with difficult books to read. B. By correcting his grammar mistakes strictly. C. By making him memorize long lists of definitions. D. By comparing them to seeds and explaining their use. 5. What is the difference between the words “home” and “house”? A. “Home” implies warmth and emotion, while “house” just a building. B. “Home” represents something artificial, while “house” something natural. C. “Home” suggests a specific existence, while “house” an abstract concept. D. “Home” indicates an integrated project, while “house” just raw materials. 6. What does “The garden is yours now.” in Paragraph 5 mean to the writer? A. He should develop his own understanding of language. B. He is supposed to continue mending books in the shop. C. He becomes the legal owner of the physical property. D. He has to rebuild the garden to honour his late teacher. 7. What is the author’s purpose in writing this text? A. To memorize a precious childhood friendship. B. To argue the traditional book mending is dying. C. To provide a biography of an unusual book mender. D. To show language is alive and needs care and love. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候语言笨拙，在老Hazlewood先生的引导下，通过将单词比作种子学习语言，明白了语言需要呵护的道理。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“One afternoon, he pointed to the word “effervescent”. “This one,” he said, “is a bubble. It belongs in a description of a stream in sunlight, or a child’s laughter. Plant it in a sad sentence, and the bubble will pop.” Then he showed me “sombre,” which he called “a deep-rooted thing, needing the shade of a serious thought.”(一天下午，他指着“effervescent（冒泡的）”这个词。“这个，”他说，“是一个气泡。它适合用来描述阳光下的溪流，或者孩子的笑声。把它种在一个悲伤的句子里，气泡就会破裂。”然后他给我看了“sombre（昏暗的）”，他称之为“一种根深蒂固的东西，需要严肃思想的阴凉。”)”以及第一段中““Words are like seeds,” he once told me. “They contain life, but they need the right soil to grow.”(“单词就像种子，”他曾经告诉我。“它们包含生命，但需要合适的土壤才能生长。”)”可知，Hazlewood先生通过将单词比作种子并解释它们的用法来帮助作者理解单词。故选D。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“I learned that “home” is a strong oak tree, offering shelter, while “house” is merely its timber (木材).(我了解到，“home（家）”是一棵强壮的橡树，提供庇护，而“house（房子）”只是它的木材。)”可知，home意味着温暖和情感，而house只是一座建筑。故选A。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“I finally understood. He was not just tending words; he was tending minds. He knew that a well-chosen word, planted in a moment of understanding, could bloom for a lifetime, its meaning ripening long after the gardener was gone.(我终于明白了。他不仅是在照料文字，他还在照料心灵。他知道，一个精心挑选的词，在理解的时刻种下，可以绽放一生，在园丁离开很久之后，它的意义才会成熟。)”以及第五段中“Years later, when word reached me that Mr. Hazlewood had died, I went back to the silent shop. On his workbench lay a note, left for me.(多年后，当我得知Hazlewood先生去世的消息时，我回到了那家寂静的书店。在他的工作台上放着一张留给我的便条。)”可知，Hazlewood先生去世后，作者回到书店，看到工作台上留给自己的便条，上面写着“The garden is yours now.（花园现在是你的了）”，结合上文Hazlewood先生对作者的教导可知，Hazlewood先生这句话的意思是作者应该发展自己对语言的理解。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“I finally understood. He was not just tending words; he was tending minds. He knew that a well-chosen word, planted in a moment of understanding, could bloom for a lifetime, its meaning ripening long after the gardener was gone.(我终于明白了。他不仅是在照料文字，他还在照料心灵。他知道，一个精心挑选的词，在理解的时刻种下，可以绽放一生，在园丁离开很久之后，它的意义才会成熟。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者小时候语言笨拙，在老Hazlewood先生的引导下，通过将单词比作种子学习语言，明白了语言需要呵护的道理。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了表明语言是有生命的，需要呵护和关爱。故选D。 C A new study from the University of California San Diego says learning Mandarin Chinese can help with music. In a paper in Developmental Science, researchers found that preschoolers who speak Mandarin first are better at musical pitch (音高) than those who speak English. The results are not just about finding who might be good at music early. The study shows that when the brain learns skills in one area, it can affect learning in another. Sarah Creel, the lead author from UC San Diego’s Department of Cognitive Science (认知科学系), said, “A big question is whether our mental abilities are separate. For example, do we have special brain systems only for language? Our research suggests the opposite — there’s a kind of interaction and we can use cognitive abilities in different areas.” The researchers did two experiments with young Mandarin learners and English learners. They tested 180 children on tasks about pitch patterns and timbre (音色). In the timbre task, Mandarin-speakers and English-speakers did similarly. But in the pitch task, Mandarin-speakers outperform English-speakers. Mandarin is a tone language. The authors think that paying attention to tones helps young Mandarin speakers notice pitch in music better. Gail Heyman, a co-author from UC San Diego’s Department of Psychology, said, “This shows that the language you speak affects how you understand music. It supports the idea of cross-domain (跨领域) learning.” The study’s co-authors wrote, “We show for the first time that learning a tone language is connected with better musical pitch processing in young children. This is important for neuroscience (神经科学) and behavior, and our research can help design brain training programs.” But Heyman and Creel advise: Don’t stop your child’s music lessons to focus only on language, or language lessons for music. To be good at music, you still need to study music. And learning another language is good in itself, whether it makes you a better musician or not. 8. What is the main finding of the new study? A. Listening to music early is always good. B. Mandarin is better than English in all ways. C. Preschoolers have totally different mental skills. D. Learning Mandarin helps people understand music. 9. What does the underlined word “outperform” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Do better than. B. Do worse than. C. Act differently from. D. React similarly to. 10. What can the study’s findings help do? A. Make more exact language tests. B. Create better cognitive training plans. C. Find out kids’ musical ability very early. D. Make music teaching more interesting. 11. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To point out the study’s problems. B. To suggest topics for future research. C. To prevent overinterpreting the results. D. To tell people to value early education. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。加州大学圣地亚哥分校研究发现，学龄前普通话使用者的音乐音高感知优于英语使用者，因普通话声调学习助力音高识别，证实跨领域认知关联，且研究可辅助设计大脑训练项目。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A new study from the University of California San Diego says learning Mandarin Chinese can help with music.(加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的一项新研究表明，学习汉语普通话对音乐能力有益)”可知，这项新研究的主要发现是学习普通话有助于人们更好地理解音乐。故选D。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In the timbre task, Mandarin-speakers and English-speakers did similarly.(在音色测试中，说普通话的人和说英语的人表现得大致相同)”可知，在音色任务中，说普通话和英语的儿童表现相似，但在音高任务中，说普通话的儿童outperform说英语的儿童，通过“but”的转折逻辑可推断，outperform意为“表现优于”。故划线词意思是“表现优于”。故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“The study’s co-authors wrote, “We show for the first time that learning a tone language is connected with better musical pitch processing in young children. This is important for neuroscience (神经科学) and behavior, and our research can help design brain training programs.”(该研究的合著者写道：“我们首次证明，学习一种声调语言与幼儿对音乐音高的处理能力的提高有关。这在神经科学和行为学领域都具有重要意义，而我们的研究有助于设计大脑训练方案。”)”可知，该研究的成果有助于制定更有效的认知训练计划。故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Heyman and Creel advise: Don’t stop your child’s music lessons to focus only on language, or language lessons for music. To be good at music, you still need to study music. And learning another language is good in itself, whether it makes you a better musician or not.(但海曼和克里尔建议：不要因为只专注于语言学习而中断孩子的音乐课程，也不要只专注于音乐课程而忽略语言学习。要想精通音乐，你仍然需要学习音乐知识。而且学习另一种语言本身也是有益的，无论它是否能让你成为更出色的音乐家)”可推知，最后一段的目的是避免对结果进行过度解读。故选C。 D Scientists in China have developed a technology that can replace high-strength plastics used in home facilities with bamboo fiber. Bamboo shoots up when it rains. Its growth is so fast that raw material costs are low. According to researchers at Northeast Forestry University, bioplastic made from bamboo is similar to oil-based plastic in strength, shapeability, and thermal stability (热稳定性), but can decompose (分解) in soil within fifty days. It can also be fully recycled while maintaining 90% of its strength. As plastic pollution worsens, bioplastics — plastics made from natural materials — are gaining popularity, but they still account for only 0.5% of the more than 400 million tons of plastic produced every year. That is because bioplastics have lower mechanical strength than oil-based plastics and are difficult to apply easily in common production processes. The Chinese team developed a method to produce plastic from cellulose, the fibrous component of bamboo. They first treated bamboo by adding zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) and a simple acid. In experiments, the team said bamboo-based bioplastic showed mechanical strength outperforming that of conventional plant-based bioplastic. In tests of mechanical and thermal stability and shapeability, bamboo-based bioplastic demonstrated its potential as an industrial alternative. The development of bamboo-based bioplastic by researchers at Northeast Forestry University represents a significant advancement in the pursuit of sustainable development. With its impressive mechanical properties and biodegradability, bamboo-based bioplastic stands out as a promising candidate for reducing plastic waste and reliance on oil. However, the path to future widespread adoption requires overcoming challenges related to production scalability (可扩展性) and market acceptance. As industries explore the potential of bamboo-based bioplastic, the question remains: Can this innovation truly replace traditional plastics and transform our approach to sustainable production? 12. What can we learn about the bamboo-based bioplastic? A. It is a sustainable plastic alternative. B. It is difficult to break down in soil naturally. C. It loses original strength when decomposing. D. It is second to oil-based plastics in shapability. 13. What is the key advantage of bamboo-based bioplastic over past bioplastic? A. Simpler recycling process. B. Higher mechanical strength. C. Cheaper raw materials. D. Lower carbon footprint. 14. What is a challenge for the widespread use of bamboo-based bioplastic? A. Market recognition. B. Production process. C. Thermal stability. D. Technology innovation. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Bamboo: The Green Steel B. Bamboo: Can it save our planet? C. Bamboo-based bioplastic: Is it really eco-friendly? D. Bamboo-based bioplastic: Strong Material, Greener Future 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家开发出的一种以竹纤维替代家用设施中高强度塑料的技术，详细说明了这种竹基生物塑料的特性、优势以及未来广泛应用面临的挑战。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“According to researchers at Northeast Forestry University, bioplastic made from bamboo is similar to oil-based plastic in strength, shapeability, and thermal stability (热稳定性), but can decompose (分解) in soil within fifty days. It can also be fully recycled while maintaining 90% of its strength.(据东北林业大学的研究人员称，竹制生物塑料在强度、可塑性和热稳定性方面与石油基塑料相似，但可以在土壤中50天内分解。它还可以完全回收，同时保持90%的强度)”和第四段中“The development of bamboo-based bioplastic by researchers at Northeast Forestry University represents a significant advancement in the pursuit of sustainable development.(东北林业大学的研究人员开发的竹基生物塑料代表了可持续发展追求中的重大进展)”可知，竹基生物塑料是一种可持续的塑料替代品。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In experiments, the team said bamboo-based bioplastic showed mechanical strength outperforming that of conventional plant-based bioplastic.(在实验中，研究小组表示，竹基生物塑料表现出的机械强度优于传统的植物基生物塑料)”可知，竹基生物塑料相对于过去的生物塑料的主要优势是具有更高的机械强度。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, the path to future widespread adoption requires overcoming challenges related to production scalability (可扩展性) and market acceptance.(然而，要实现未来大规模普及，仍需攻克生产可扩展性与市场接受度相关的双重挑战)”可知，竹基生物塑料广泛应用面临的挑战之一是市场接受度，即市场认可。故选A项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Scientists in China have developed a technology that can replace high-strength plastics used in home facilities with bamboo fiber.(中国科学家开发出一种技术，可以用竹纤维替代家用设施中使用的高强度塑料)”和第四段中“The development of bamboo-based bioplastic by researchers at Northeast Forestry University represents a significant advancement in the pursuit of sustainable development. With its impressive mechanical properties and biodegradability, bamboo-based bioplastic stands out as a promising candidate for reducing plastic waste and reliance on oil.(东北林业大学的研究人员开发的竹基生物塑料代表了可持续发展追求中的重大进展。凭借其令人印象深刻的机械性能和可生物降解性，竹基生物塑料成为减少塑料垃圾和对石油依赖的有前途的候选材料)”可知，文章主要介绍了竹基生物塑料这种强材料以及它所带来的更绿色的未来。由此可知，D项“Bamboo-based bioplastic: Strong Material, Greener Future(竹基生物塑料：强材料，更绿色的未来)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） In cities across the globe, up to a quarter of office buildings are unoccupied, along with other urban properties, from storage to abandoned skyscrapers. To put this space to use, many cities are transforming empty buildings for other uses. ____16____ Just as the name suggests, vertical (垂直的) farming is the practice of growing crops in layers as opposed to traditional horizontal rows. These layers are often placed in spaces unfit for farming, but now we can grow crops there due to advanced agricultural methods. ____17____ However, thanks to technology, artificial light, and controlled temperatures and humidity, office spaces have proved to be great environments for farming. ____18____ It dates back to over 2,000 years ago with the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Modern vertical farming simply began as an experiment in 1999, focused on growing food on the rooftops of Manhattan. Their work eventually transformed into using high-rise buildings as vertical farms to feed thousands of people in a sustainable manner. Vertical farming is now a $6 billion industry. The main benefit of vertical farming is that it maximizes the yield of crops by efficiently using space. ____19____ It is made possible by their controlled environments and soilless agriculture methods like hydroponics (水培法). Hydroponics allows plants to grow in a water-based solution rather than soil, saving water. In fact, hydroponic systems only require 10% of the water of a traditional field. Despite being untraditional, vertical farms produce over 50 types of plants, ranging from leafy greens and herbs to experimental fruits and more! ____20____ The reason lies in that they are capable of growing a variety of produce at all times and providing people with local fresh foods at affordable prices. A. Vertical farming has a rich history. B. One solution is indoor vertical farming. C. The practice isn’t as simple as it sounds. D. Most vertical farms can grow all year round. E. That said, vertical farming will replace traditional agriculture soon. F. Despite the benefits, the method also comes with considerable downsides. G. This diversity and consistent output help address a critical urban issue: food deserts. 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市中利用空置建筑发展垂直农业的相关情况。 【16题详解】 根据前文“To put this space to use, many cities are transforming empty buildings for other uses.(为了利用这些空间，许多城市正将空置建筑改造为其他用途)”可知，前文提出“改造空置建筑”的需求，此空需承接该需求，给出具体的改造方向。B选项“One solution is indoor vertical farming.(其中一种解决方案是室内垂直农业)”符合语境。故选B项。 【17题详解】 根据前文“These layers are often placed in spaces unfit for farming, but now we can grow crops there due to advanced agricultural methods.(这些种植层通常设置在不适合耕种的空间，但如今借助先进的农业技术，我们可以在这些地方种植作物)”，以及空后“However, thanks to technology, artificial light, and controlled temperatures and humidity, office spaces have proved to be great environments for farming.(然而，得益于技术、人工照明以及可控的温湿度，办公空间已被证明是理想的种植环境)”可知，空处需先说明垂直农业的实施难度。C选项“The practice isn’t as simple as it sounds.(这种做法并不像听起来那么简单)”符合语境。故选C项。 【18题详解】 根据后文“It dates back to over 2,000 years ago with the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Modern vertical farming simply began as an experiment in 1999...(它的历史可追溯至2000多年前的巴比伦空中花园。现代垂直农业最初始于1999年的一项实验……)”可知，后文通过“古代”与“现代”的案例，介绍了垂直农业的发展历程，此空需概括“垂直农业有悠久历史”这一核心。A选项“Vertical farming has a rich history.(垂直农业有着丰富的历史)”符合语境。故选A项。 【19题详解】 根据前文“The main benefit of vertical farming is that it maximizes the yield of crops by efficiently using space.(垂直农业的主要优势在于通过高效利用空间来最大化作物产量)”，以及空后“It is made possible by their controlled environments and soilless agriculture methods like hydroponics.(这得益于其可控的环境以及水培法等无土栽培技术)”可知，空处需补充垂直农业的另一优势，且该优势需与“可控环境、无土栽培”相关。D选项“Most vertical farms can grow all year round.(大多数垂直农场可以全年种植)”符合语境。故选D项。 【20题详解】 根据前文“Despite being untraditional, vertical farms produce over 50 types of plants, ranging from leafy greens and herbs to experimental fruits and more!(尽管形式非传统，垂直农场仍能种植50多种植物，从绿叶蔬菜、香草到实验性水果等应有尽有)”，以及空后“The reason lies in that they are capable of growing a variety of produce at all times and providing people with local fresh foods at affordable prices (原因在于它们能够随时种植多种农产品，并以实惠的价格为人们提供本地新鲜食物)”可知，空处需承接“种植多样性”与“全年种植”的特点，说明其对城市的具体作用。G选项“This diversity and consistent output help address a critical urban issue: food deserts.(这种多样性和稳定的产量有助于解决一个关键的城市问题：食物沙漠)”符合语境。故选G项。 二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was early June 1861 during the American Civil War. A sudden bomb ___21___ into James’ left leg above the knee. Unable to escape, he dragged himself into a cave and waited to die. Later, he was ___22___ by the enemy and underwent a surgery. After recovering the strength, he was given an artificial leg, which looked almost like a table leg and a leather belt around his left leg. He ___23___ it. In August, James was freed as part of a(n) ___24___ exchange. After arriving home, he told his family he wanted to be ___25___. Then James hid in his own room. Wood shavings appeared outside his door to be taken away. Three months later, James’ door opened ___26___. His family gathered below the stairs, staring in ___27___. James wasn’t stumping (笨重地走) toward them on the former artificial leg. He should be ___28___! James had created his own artificial leg! James had been studying ___29___ in college before, convinced he could do a better artificial leg. James carved a foot and shaped leg pieces, until he’d created a comfortable leg that bent at both the ankle and the knee. They were ___30___ when he walked. Making improvements in his design, he started an artificial leg production company. James retired in 1905, but retirement didn’t keep James from ___31___ his life’s work. James read reports about new battlefield ___32___ of amputees (被截肢者) to develop new techniques. During the war, his company received contracts from England and France. The company he founded is today one of the most famous ___33___ of replacement legs in the world. Looking back upon those days in hospital, James wrote, “In a flash, life’s fondest hopes seemed ___34___.” He continued, “Today I am thankful for what seemed to me nothing but a ___35___ of fate (命运) then, but it was to prove instead a great opportunity.” 21. A. rolled B. tore C. stepped D. dug 22. A. attacked B. discovered C. abused D. hanged 23. A. rejected B. reformed C. decorated D. disliked 24. A. prisoner B. information C. task D. officer 25. A. left behind B. left out C. left alone D. left off 26. A. ultimately B. absolutely C. barely D. automatically 27. A. panic B. amazement C. sorrow D. guilt 28. A. waving B. lecturing C. jumping D. walking 29. A. defence B. medicine C. economics D. engineering 30. A. rigid B. stable C. painful D. movable 31. A. abandoning B. shifting C. continuing D. suspending 32. A. psychology B. heroism C. diet D. treatment 33. A. designers B. donators C. suppliers D. investors 34. A. vain B. bright C. abnormal D. lasting 35. A. mistake B. beginning C. secret D. pleasure 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了詹姆斯战争受伤后自制假腿并创业的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一颗突如其来的炸弹炸伤了詹姆斯膝盖以上的左腿。A. rolled滚动；B. tore撕裂；C. stepped踩；D. dug挖。根据前文“A sudden bomb”可知，炸弹会对身体造成“撕裂、炸伤”，“tore into”意为“撕裂了/穿透了/炸伤了”。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，他被敌人发现，接受了手术。A. attacked攻击；B. discovered发现；C. abused滥用；D. hanged绞死。根据前文“Unable to escape, he dragged himself into a cave and waited to die.”可知，詹姆斯无法逃脱，躲进山洞等死，后来被敌人发现。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不喜欢它。A. rejected拒绝；B. reformed改革；C. decorated装饰；D. disliked不喜欢。根据后文“James had created his own artificial leg!”可知，詹姆斯自己制作了假肢，说明他不喜欢之前给的假肢。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：8月，詹姆斯作为战俘交换的一部分被释放。A. prisoner囚犯；B. information信息；C. task任务；D. officer军官。根据前文“In August, James was freed”以及后文“After arriving home”可知，詹姆斯作为战俘被交换释放，回到了家中。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：回到家后，他告诉家人他想一个人待着。A. left behind留下；B. left out遗漏；C. left alone单独留下，不打扰；D. left off停止。根据后文“Then James hid in his own room.”可知，詹姆斯想一个人待着，所以躲进自己的房间。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，詹姆斯的门终于打开了。A. ultimately最终；B. absolutely绝对地；C. barely勉强；D. automatically自动地。根据后文“Three months later”以及“His family gathered below the stairs, staring in ___7___.”可知，三个月后，詹姆斯的门最终打开了，家人们在门外等他。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的家人聚集在楼梯下，惊讶地盯着。A. panic恐慌；B. amazement惊讶；C. sorrow悲伤；D. guilt内疚。根据后文“James wasn’t stumping (笨重地走) toward them on the former artificial leg.”可知，詹姆斯没有用之前的假肢笨重地走，而是用自己制作的假肢，所以家人很惊讶。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他应该走路的！A. waving挥手；B. lecturing演讲；C. jumping跳跃；D. walking走路。根据后文“James had created his own artificial leg!”可知，詹姆斯自己制作了假肢，所以他应该能走路。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯以前在大学学过工程学，他相信自己能做出更好的假肢。A. defence防御；B. medicine医学；C. economics经济学；D. engineering工程学。根据后文“James carved a foot and shaped leg pieces”可知，詹姆斯雕刻了一只脚并塑造了腿部，说明他学过工程学。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他走路时它们是很稳定的。A. rigid僵硬的；B. stable稳定的；C. painful痛苦的；D. movable灵活的。根据前文“until he’d created a comfortable leg that bent at both the ankle and the knee”可知，詹姆斯制作的假肢在脚踝和膝盖处都能弯曲，所以走路时非常稳定。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯于1905年退休，但退休并没有让詹姆斯停止他毕生的事业。A. abandoning放弃；B. shifting转移；C. continuing继续；D. suspending暂停。根据后文“James read reports about new battlefield ___12___ of amputees (被截肢者) to develop new techniques”可知，詹姆斯退休后仍在研究新的截肢者战场治疗方法，说明他没有停止毕生的事业。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯阅读有关被截肢者新战场治疗方法的报告，以开发新技术。A. psychology心理学；B. heroism英雄主义；C. diet饮食；D. treatment治疗。根据语境和下文“to develop new techniques”可知，詹姆斯阅读报告是为了开发新的截肢者治疗方法。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他创立的公司如今是世界上最著名的假肢供应商之一。A. designers设计师；B. donators捐赠者；C. suppliers供应商；D. investors投资者。根据空后“replacement legs”以及语境可知，詹姆斯创立的公司是假肢供应商。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回首医院里的那些日子，詹姆斯写道：“一瞬间，人生最美好的希望似乎破灭了。”A. vain徒劳的；B. bright明亮的；C. abnormal反常的；D. lasting持久的。根据前文“A sudden bomb ___1___ into James’ left leg above the knee. Unable to escape, he dragged himself into a cave and waited to die.”可知，詹姆斯被炸伤截肢，所以他认为人生最美好的希望似乎破灭了。in vain意为“徒劳地，无用地”，符合语境。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他继续写道：“今天，我很感激当时在我看来只是命运的错误，但它却证明是一个巨大的机会。”A. mistake错误；B. beginning开始；C. secret秘密；D. pleasure愉快。根据后文“but it was to prove instead a great opportunity”可知，詹姆斯认为当时看似命运的错误，实则是一个巨大的机会。故选A。 三、语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mandarin is the official language of China and one of the official languages of the United Nations. It is generally referred to as “Chinese”. But in fact, Mandarin is just one of the Chinese dialects. China is ____36____ old and vast country and the mountain ranges, rivers, and deserts create region ____37____ (border). In ancient times, it was difficult for people in different places to communicate with each other and many regions ____38____ (develop) their own spoken languages. There are over 80 Chinese dialects ____39____ existence now, including Wu, Xiang, Hakka, Cantonese, Min and many other dialects. Classifying these Chinese languages as dialects or languages is a controversial topic. A Cantonese ____40____ (speak) and a person speaking Min will not be able to communicate with each other. Similarly, a person speaking Hakka will not be able to understand Xiang. ____41____ (give) these major difference, they could be regarded as languages. However, they all share a common ____42____ (write) system—Chinese characters. Even though the characters can ____43____ (pronounce) in completely different ways depending on the dialect one speaks, the language on paper is ____44____ (understand) between people of different regions. So from ____45____ is talked above, it is reasonable to say that they are all dialects of the official Chinese language—Mandarin. 【答案】36. an 37. borders 38. developed 39. in 40. speaker 41. Given 42. writing 43. be pronounced 44. understandable 45. what 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国方言的多样性以及它们官方汉语——普通话之间的关系。 【36题详解】 考查冠词。句意：中国是一个古老而辽阔的国家，山脉、河流和沙漠形成了地区的边界。根据空格后的单数名词country可知，空格处应该用不定冠词泛指“一个”，old的发音是元音音素开头，所以用an。故填an。 【37题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：中国是一个古老而辽阔的国家，山脉、河流和沙漠形成了地区的边界。根据空格前的动词create可知，空格处应该用名词border作宾语，可数名词，此处应该用复数形式表示泛指。故填borders。 【38题详解】 考查时态。句意：在古代，不同地方的人们很难相互交流，许多地区发展出了自己的口语。空格处是谓语动词，由时间状语In ancient times可知，描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时。故填developed。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：目前存在80多种汉语方言，包括吴语、湘语、客家话、粤语、闽语和许多其他方言。in existence“存在”是固定搭配。故填in。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：一个说粤语的人和一个说闽语的人无法相互交流。根据句意和空格前的A Cantonese可知，空格处应该填入单数名词，且意义为“讲某种语言的人”，所以用名词speaker。故填speaker。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：。鉴于这些重大差异，它们可以被视为不同的语言。根据句意和空格后的名词短语these major difference可知，空格处应该填入介词，且意义为“考虑到；鉴于”，所以用given。故填Given。 【42题详解】 考查动名词。句意：然而，它们都共享一个共同的书写系统——汉字。根据句意和空格后的名词system可知，空格处应该用动名词writing作定语，修饰后面的名词system，writing system意义为“书写系统”。故填writing。 【43题详解】 考查语态。句意：虽然根据方言的不同，这些字的发音可能完全不同，但纸上的语言在不同地区的人之间是可以理解的。空格处是谓语动词，动词pronounce与主语the characters之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；由空格前的can可知，空格处用动词原形。故填be pronounced。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然根据方言的不同，这些字的发音可能完全不同，但纸上的语言在不同地区的人之间是可以理解的。根据句意和空格前的is可知，空格处应该用形容词understandable作表语。故填understandable。 【45题详解】 考查连接代词。句意因此，从上面所说的，有理由说，它们都是中国官方语言——普通话的方言。空格处引导名词性从句作介词from的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且意义为“……的事物”，所以用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 四、单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 请根据所给的中文，用选择性必修二第一单元、第二单元单词表中的单词的适当形式填空。 46. She doesn’t _______ (订购) to the newspaper because she feels like reading E-magazines. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】subscribe 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：她不订阅那份报纸，因为她想要阅读电子杂志。根据汉语提示可知用动词subscribe，此处为否定陈述句，在助动词doesn’t后应填原形。故填subscribe。 47. The knowledgeable scientist resigned after being ________ (怀疑) of dealing with criminals to leak the company’s information. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】suspected 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：这位知识渊博的科学家在被怀疑与罪犯勾结泄露公司机密后辞职了。根据汉语提示“怀疑”可知，本空用动词suspect，且与The knowledgeable scientist为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与being构成动名词的被动式。故填suspected。 48. They worked as secretaries, or rather, personal ________ (助手). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】assistants 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们的工作是秘书，或者更确切地说，是私人助理。形容词personal后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。名词“助手”英文为assistant，表示泛指，前面无冠词应用复数形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填assistants。 49. The police can’t charge the suspect for lack of ______ (具体的) evidence. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】concrete 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于缺乏确凿的证据，警方不能起诉嫌疑犯。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词evidence，“具体的”的形容词是concrete，故填concrete。 50. Treated with a vaccine, you can’t be ___________（感染） with bird flu. 【答案】infected 【解析】 【详解】infected 考查过去分词。句意：接种疫苗，你就不会感染禽流感。此处是情态动词的被动，结构是情态动词+be+动词过去分词，故填infected. 51. Modern women are energetic, ________ (有雄心的), and most of all, persistent in pursuit of their goals. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】ambitious 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：现代女性精力充沛、有雄心，且最重要的是，在追求目标时坚持不懈。此处与“energetic (精力充沛的)”“persistent (坚持不懈的)”并列作表语，根据汉语提示“有雄心的”可知，应用形容词ambitious，来描述“modern women”的特质。故填ambitious。 52. To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of________(申请者) to attend the opening ceremony. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】applicants 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：令我高兴的是，我从数百名申请者中被选中参加开幕式。介词of后接名词作宾语。名词“申请者”英文为applicant。根据hundreds of可知，用名词的复数形式。故填applicants。 53. You’d better not get yourself ______________ (暴露) to the sun so long. It may result in skin diseases. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】exposed 【解析】 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：你最好不要让自己长时间暴露在阳光下，这可能会导致皮肤病。根据提示的汉语，表示“暴露”为动词expose，该句为“get +宾语+宾补”结构，表示“使……被……”，逻辑主语yourself与动词expose（暴露）之间是被动关系，应为过去分词exposed作宾补。故填exposed。 54. A few days after our ________ (离开，启程) from the camp, our car was truly stuck in the mud. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】departure 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们离开营地几天后，我们的车真的陷进泥里了。“离开，启程”作介词after后宾语，用名词departure，这里指的是这一次离开，用单数形式。故填departure。 55. The reason why people get to the top seems complex, because they get ______ (激励) by different things. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】motivated 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：人们达到顶峰的原因似乎很复杂，因为他们受到不同事物的激励。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“激励”应用motivate，为动词， they与motivate为逻辑被动关系，所以这里应用过去分词形式表被动。故填motivated。 五、应用文写作（满分15分） 56. 假如你是李华，你校英语报的“Remarkable People”（非凡人物）专栏正在征稿。请你用英语写一篇短文，介绍一位你敬佩的人物（可以是历史人物、科学家、艺术家、运动员等）。内容包括： （1）人物的基本信息及主要成就； （2）你敬佩他/她的原因； （3）他/她对你的影响或启示。 注意：(1)词数不少于80词； (2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 A Remarkable Person I Admire The person I admire most is Tu Youyou, a Chinese pharmacologist born in 1930. Her greatest achievement is discovering artemisinin, which saves millions from malaria. She even won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. What moves me is her perseverance. In the 1970s, with poor resources, she and her team tested over 2,000 recipes and never gave up after failures. Tu’s story inspires me deeply. When I struggle with studies, her spirit pushes me to keep trying. I learn that success needs hard work and I’ll follow her to chase my dreams. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以投稿形式介绍一位敬佩的非凡人物，需包含其成就、受敬佩的原因及对个人的启示，语言正式且富有感染力。 【详解】1.词汇积累 成就：achievement→accomplishment 使感动：move→touch 放弃：give up→quit 追逐：chase→pursue 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In the 1970s, with poor resources, she and her team tested over 2,000 recipes and never gave up after failures. 拓展句：In the 1970s, she and her team, who never gave up after failures, tested over 2,000 recipes with poor resources. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Her greatest achievement is discovering artemisinin, which saves millions from malaria.（运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句） 【高分句型2】 What moves me is her perseverance.（运用了what引导的主语从句） 六、读后续写（满分25分） 57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I had always thought language was just a subject in school until I stepped into college. Growing up in Kolkata, I studied at a government-aided secondary school. Though English was part of the curriculum, it never felt important. I could pass exams with minimal effort, so I never took it seriously. That changed the moment I began my first term of engineering. All the lectures were in English. I sat in class, trying to grasp what the professors were saying, but all my efforts were fruitless. I couldn’t follow the lessons, ask questions, or join in discussions. Outside the classroom, things were no better. My classmates quickly realized I struggled with English. Some laughed at me, while others simply ignored me. Slowly, I backed off. I avoided group outings and kept to myself for fear that I’d embarrass myself if I spoke. At the end of the term, I failed almost every subject. I stared at my school report in silence. My chest felt heavy, but I knew I had two choices— either giving up or fighting back. I chose the latter. I started small. I read English newspapers daily, carried an English dictionary in my backpack, and watched English videos with subtitles (字幕). Bit by bit, I improved. By the second term,I could finally understand lectures. But speaking was still a challenge. No matter how much I tried, I couldn’t express myself fluently. By my final year, I had gained knowledge in my field but still failed in every campus interview — always rejected in the communication round. My parents were disappointed. My brother thought I hadn’t worked hard enough. I was stuck in a sense of helplessness. Then, one day, my cousin visited. He asked what was wrong and listened patiently. “You’ve done your part,” he said. “Now let someone help you.” He advised me to attend a spoken English class. I was hesitant. What if people found out? What if I failed again? 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Still, I signed up for the class. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A month later, I stood before an employer, nervous but prepared. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Still, I signed up for the class. The classroom was filled with people who were eager to improve their spoken English, just like me. The teacher was very kind and patient. She taught us how to pronounce words correctly and how to use common expressions in daily conversations. I found that I enjoyed the class, where I could practice speaking without worrying about being laughed at. I knew that this was my chance to turn things around, and I was determined to make the most of it. A month later, I stood before an employer, nervous but prepared. The interview was in English, which used to be my biggest fear. However, now I felt more confident. The employer seemed impressed by my performance. When he told me that I had passed the interview, I couldn’t believe my ears. All the hard work and effort had finally paid off. I realized that with determination and the right help, I could overcome any challenge that came my way. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述作者起初不重视英语，进入大学后因英语不佳而学业受挫、遭同学嘲笑。虽努力自学有进步，但口语仍是难题，求职屡败。后在表弟建议下，作者犹豫是否参加英语口语班。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段句首内容“尽管如此，我还是报名参加了这门课。”可知，第一段可描写作者报名参加英语口语班后的课堂场景，以及作者积极运用所学的努力，体现作者想要改变的决心。 ②由第二段句首内容“一个月后，我站在一位雇主面前，紧张但做好了准备。”可知，第二段可描写作者凭借课堂所学参加英语面试的过程，以及最终通过面试的结果，进而领悟到决心与正确帮助能克服挑战的道理。 2.续写线索：报名参加英语口语班——课堂努力——课后复习巩固所学内容——一个月后参加英语面试——通过面试——领悟努力与正确帮助可战胜挑战的真谛 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①教：teach/instruct ②练习：practice/drill/rehearse ③复习：review/go over/revise 情绪类 ①渴望的：eager/anxious/keen ②自信的：confident/self-assured 【点睛】【高分句型1】The classroom was filled with people who were eager to improve their spoken English, just like me. (运用了who引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】I found that I enjoyed the class, where I could practice speaking without worrying about being laughed at.(运用了that引导的宾语从句、where引导的定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 广州市真光中学（高中部汾水校区）2025学年 高二12月阶段测试 英语 2025.12. 本试卷共10页，满分130分，考试用时：120分钟 注意事项： 1. 答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2. 请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Inventions born out of love Garbage Disposers (处理器) John W. Hammes, an architect from Wisconsin, created the InSinkErator in 1935. Hammes got the idea after watching his wife spend time wrapping food in newspaper and throwing it out. The InSinkErator is a device, put under a kitchen sink between the sink’s drain (排水管)and the trap. The disposal unit tears food waste into pieces small enough—generally less than 2 mm in diameter(直径) —to pass through the drains. Surgical Gloves William Stewart Halsted, M. D. (1852-1922) was a well-known US surgeon who is often called the “Father of Modern Surgery”. Known for his strict insistence to sterile(无菌的) working conditions, Halsted invented rubber gloves that allowed his colleagues to lessen the transfer of germs(细菌) during their work. Yet the initial reason why he created them is more romantic than you would think. Knowing Caroline, a nurse, suffered from a skin disease during her work, Halsted invented the gloves especially for her and gave them to her as a gift after their marriage. Band-Aids When Josephine Knight Dickson from New Jersey kept cutting herself while cooking for her family in the 1920s, her husband, Earle Dickson, stepped in. Dickson, a cotton buyer for Johnson &Johnson, according to the company’s website, decided to invent a temporary adhesive (有黏性的) bandage for his wife. His creation became the Band-Aid we all know and use today. Magnetic (有磁性的)Shirt Buttons Maura Horton’s husband, Don, was a football coach who had Parkinson’s disease. One day, after Don struggled to button his shirt before a game, Horton decided there needed to be a better clothing option for people suffering from a disability. So, Horton designed a shirt with magnetic buttons in 2012. These buttons will finally allow everyone to dress and undress themselves efficiently. 1. What’s the function of the InSinkErator? A. It can clear sink pipes. B. It can recycle kitchen waste. C. It can remove food waste easily. D. It can extend the service life of sinks. 2. For whom did William invent surgical gloves? A. A nurse. B. The patient. C. The surgeons D. His colleagues. 3. Which is the latest invention? A. The InSinkErator B. Band-Aids C. Surgical Gloves. D. Magnetic Shirt Buttons. B Old Mr. Hazlewood mended books in a shop that smelled of dust and drying glue. He was, by his own account, a gardener of words. “Words are like seeds,” he once told me. “They contain life, but they need the right soil to grow.” I was sent to him as a boy because I used language clumsily (笨拙地). My sentences were awkward, full of thorny (晦涩的) phrases. Instead of criticizing me. he placed a worn dictionary between us. “This is the seed catalogue,” he said, his finger, tracing the words. “But knowing the name of a seed is different from knowing how to make it grow.” One afternoon, he pointed to the word “effervescent”. “This one,” he said, “is a bubble. It belongs in a description of a stream in sunlight, or a child’s laughter. Plant it in a sad sentence, and the bubble will pop.” Then he showed me “sombre,” which he called “a deep-rooted thing, needing the shade of a serious thought.” Under his care, I learned to feel the weight and texture of words. I learned that “home” is a strong oak tree, offering shelter, while “house” is merely its timber (木材). That “lonely” has a colder chill than “alone”. Years later, when word reached me that Mr. Hazlewood had died, I went back to the silent shop. On his workbench lay a note, left for me. It was short, reading: “The garden is yours now. Tend it well.” I finally understood. He was not just tending words; he was tending minds. He knew that a well-chosen word, planted in a moment of understanding, could bloom for a lifetime, its meaning ripening long after the gardener was gone. 4. How did Mr. Hazlewood help the author understand words? A. By providing him with difficult books to read. B. By correcting his grammar mistakes strictly. C. By making him memorize long lists of definitions. D. By comparing them to seeds and explaining their use. 5. What is the difference between the words “home” and “house”? A. “Home” implies warmth and emotion, while “house” just a building. B. “Home” represents something artificial, while “house” something natural. C. “Home” suggests a specific existence, while “house” an abstract concept. D. “Home” indicates an integrated project, while “house” just raw materials. 6. What does “The garden is yours now.” in Paragraph 5 mean to the writer? A. He should develop his own understanding of language. B. He is supposed to continue mending books in the shop. C. He becomes the legal owner of the physical property. D. He has to rebuild the garden to honour his late teacher. 7. What is the author’s purpose in writing this text? A. To memorize a precious childhood friendship. B. To argue the traditional book mending is dying. C. To provide a biography of an unusual book mender. D. To show language is alive and needs care and love. C A new study from the University of California San Diego says learning Mandarin Chinese can help with music. In a paper in Developmental Science, researchers found that preschoolers who speak Mandarin first are better at musical pitch (音高) than those who speak English. The results are not just about finding who might be good at music early. The study shows that when the brain learns skills in one area, it can affect learning in another. Sarah Creel, the lead author from UC San Diego’s Department of Cognitive Science (认知科学系), said, “A big question is whether our mental abilities are separate. For example, do we have special brain systems only for language? Our research suggests the opposite — there’s a kind of interaction and we can use cognitive abilities in different areas.” The researchers did two experiments with young Mandarin learners and English learners. They tested 180 children on tasks about pitch patterns and timbre (音色). In the timbre task, Mandarin-speakers and English-speakers did similarly. But in the pitch task, Mandarin-speakers outperform English-speakers. Mandarin is a tone language. The authors think that paying attention to tones helps young Mandarin speakers notice pitch in music better. Gail Heyman, a co-author from UC San Diego’s Department of Psychology, said, “This shows that the language you speak affects how you understand music. It supports the idea of cross-domain (跨领域) learning.” The study’s co-authors wrote, “We show for the first time that learning a tone language is connected with better musical pitch processing in young children. This is important for neuroscience (神经科学) and behavior, and our research can help design brain training programs.” But Heyman and Creel advise: Don’t stop your child’s music lessons to focus only on language, or language lessons for music. To be good at music, you still need to study music. And learning another language is good in itself, whether it makes you a better musician or not. 8. What is the main finding of the new study? A. Listening to music early is always good. B. Mandarin is better than English in all ways. C. Preschoolers have totally different mental skills. D. Learning Mandarin helps people understand music. 9. What does the underlined word “outperform” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Do better than. B. Do worse than. C. Act differently from. D. React similarly to. 10. What can the study’s findings help do? A. Make more exact language tests. B. Create better cognitive training plans. C. Find out kids’ musical ability very early. D. Make music teaching more interesting. 11. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To point out the study’s problems. B. To suggest topics for future research. C. To prevent overinterpreting the results. D. To tell people to value early education. D Scientists in China have developed a technology that can replace high-strength plastics used in home facilities with bamboo fiber. Bamboo shoots up when it rains. Its growth is so fast that raw material costs are low. According to researchers at Northeast Forestry University, bioplastic made from bamboo is similar to oil-based plastic in strength, shapeability, and thermal stability (热稳定性), but can decompose (分解) in soil within fifty days. It can also be fully recycled while maintaining 90% of its strength. As plastic pollution worsens, bioplastics — plastics made from natural materials — are gaining popularity, but they still account for only 0.5% of the more than 400 million tons of plastic produced every year. That is because bioplastics have lower mechanical strength than oil-based plastics and are difficult to apply easily in common production processes. The Chinese team developed a method to produce plastic from cellulose, the fibrous component of bamboo. They first treated bamboo by adding zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) and a simple acid. In experiments, the team said bamboo-based bioplastic showed mechanical strength outperforming that of conventional plant-based bioplastic. In tests of mechanical and thermal stability and shapeability, bamboo-based bioplastic demonstrated its potential as an industrial alternative. The development of bamboo-based bioplastic by researchers at Northeast Forestry University represents a significant advancement in the pursuit of sustainable development. With its impressive mechanical properties and biodegradability, bamboo-based bioplastic stands out as a promising candidate for reducing plastic waste and reliance on oil. However, the path to future widespread adoption requires overcoming challenges related to production scalability (可扩展性) and market acceptance. As industries explore the potential of bamboo-based bioplastic, the question remains: Can this innovation truly replace traditional plastics and transform our approach to sustainable production? 12. What can we learn about the bamboo-based bioplastic? A. It is a sustainable plastic alternative. B. It is difficult to break down in soil naturally. C. It loses original strength when decomposing. D. It is second to oil-based plastics in shapability. 13. What is the key advantage of bamboo-based bioplastic over past bioplastic? A. Simpler recycling process. B. Higher mechanical strength. C. Cheaper raw materials. D. Lower carbon footprint. 14. What is a challenge for the widespread use of bamboo-based bioplastic? A. Market recognition. B. Production process. C. Thermal stability. D. Technology innovation. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Bamboo: The Green Steel B. Bamboo: Can it save our planet? C. Bamboo-based bioplastic: Is it really eco-friendly? D. Bamboo-based bioplastic: Strong Material, Greener Future 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） In cities across the globe, up to a quarter of office buildings are unoccupied, along with other urban properties, from storage to abandoned skyscrapers. To put this space to use, many cities are transforming empty buildings for other uses. ____16____ Just as the name suggests, vertical (垂直的) farming is the practice of growing crops in layers as opposed to traditional horizontal rows. These layers are often placed in spaces unfit for farming, but now we can grow crops there due to advanced agricultural methods. ____17____ However, thanks to technology, artificial light, and controlled temperatures and humidity, office spaces have proved to be great environments for farming. ____18____ It dates back to over 2,000 years ago with the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Modern vertical farming simply began as an experiment in 1999, focused on growing food on the rooftops of Manhattan. Their work eventually transformed into using high-rise buildings as vertical farms to feed thousands of people in a sustainable manner. Vertical farming is now a $6 billion industry. The main benefit of vertical farming is that it maximizes the yield of crops by efficiently using space. ____19____ It is made possible by their controlled environments and soilless agriculture methods like hydroponics (水培法). Hydroponics allows plants to grow in a water-based solution rather than soil, saving water. In fact, hydroponic systems only require 10% of the water of a traditional field. Despite being untraditional, vertical farms produce over 50 types of plants, ranging from leafy greens and herbs to experimental fruits and more! ____20____ The reason lies in that they are capable of growing a variety of produce at all times and providing people with local fresh foods at affordable prices. A. Vertical farming has a rich history. B. One solution is indoor vertical farming. C. The practice isn’t as simple as it sounds. D. Most vertical farms can grow all year round. E. That said, vertical farming will replace traditional agriculture soon. F. Despite the benefits, the method also comes with considerable downsides. G. This diversity and consistent output help address a critical urban issue: food deserts. 二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was early June 1861 during the American Civil War. A sudden bomb ___21___ into James’ left leg above the knee. Unable to escape, he dragged himself into a cave and waited to die. Later, he was ___22___ by the enemy and underwent a surgery. After recovering the strength, he was given an artificial leg, which looked almost like a table leg and a leather belt around his left leg. He ___23___ it. In August, James was freed as part of a(n) ___24___ exchange. After arriving home, he told his family he wanted to be ___25___. Then James hid in his own room. Wood shavings appeared outside his door to be taken away. Three months later, James’ door opened ___26___. His family gathered below the stairs, staring in ___27___. James wasn’t stumping (笨重地走) toward them on the former artificial leg. He should be ___28___! James had created his own artificial leg! James had been studying ___29___ in college before, convinced he could do a better artificial leg. James carved a foot and shaped leg pieces, until he’d created a comfortable leg that bent at both the ankle and the knee. They were ___30___ when he walked. Making improvements in his design, he started an artificial leg production company. James retired in 1905, but retirement didn’t keep James from ___31___ his life’s work. James read reports about new battlefield ___32___ of amputees (被截肢者) to develop new techniques. During the war, his company received contracts from England and France. The company he founded is today one of the most famous ___33___ of replacement legs in the world. Looking back upon those days in hospital, James wrote, “In a flash, life’s fondest hopes seemed ___34___.” He continued, “Today I am thankful for what seemed to me nothing but a ___35___ of fate (命运) then, but it was to prove instead a great opportunity.” 21. A. rolled B. tore C. stepped D. dug 22. A. attacked B. discovered C. abused D. hanged 23. A. rejected B. reformed C. decorated D. disliked 24. A. prisoner B. information C. task D. officer 25. A. left behind B. left out C. left alone D. left off 26. A. ultimately B. absolutely C. barely D. automatically 27. A. panic B. amazement C. sorrow D. guilt 28. A. waving B. lecturing C. jumping D. walking 29. A. defence B. medicine C. economics D. engineering 30. A. rigid B. stable C. painful D. movable 31. A. abandoning B. shifting C. continuing D. suspending 32. A. psychology B. heroism C. diet D. treatment 33. A. designers B. donators C. suppliers D. investors 34. A. vain B. bright C. abnormal D. lasting 35. A. mistake B. beginning C. secret D. pleasure 三、语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mandarin is the official language of China and one of the official languages of the United Nations. It is generally referred to as “Chinese”. But in fact, Mandarin is just one of the Chinese dialects. China is ____36____ old and vast country and the mountain ranges, rivers, and deserts create region ____37____ (border). In ancient times, it was difficult for people in different places to communicate with each other and many regions ____38____ (develop) their own spoken languages. There are over 80 Chinese dialects ____39____ existence now, including Wu, Xiang, Hakka, Cantonese, Min and many other dialects. Classifying these Chinese languages as dialects or languages is a controversial topic. A Cantonese ____40____ (speak) and a person speaking Min will not be able to communicate with each other. Similarly, a person speaking Hakka will not be able to understand Xiang. ____41____ (give) these major difference, they could be regarded as languages. However, they all share a common ____42____ (write) system—Chinese characters. Even though the characters can ____43____ (pronounce) in completely different ways depending on the dialect one speaks, the language on paper is ____44____ (understand) between people of different regions. So from ____45____ is talked above, it is reasonable to say that they are all dialects of the official Chinese language—Mandarin. 四、单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 请根据所给的中文，用选择性必修二第一单元、第二单元单词表中的单词的适当形式填空。 46. She doesn’t _______ (订购) to the newspaper because she feels like reading E-magazines. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 47. The knowledgeable scientist resigned after being ________ (怀疑) of dealing with criminals to leak the company’s information. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 48. They worked as secretaries, or rather, personal ________ (助手). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 49. The police can’t charge the suspect for lack of ______ (具体的) evidence. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 50. Treated with a vaccine, you can’t be ___________（感染） with bird flu. 51. Modern women are energetic, ________ (有雄心的), and most of all, persistent in pursuit of their goals. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 52. To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of________(申请者) to attend the opening ceremony. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 53. You’d better not get yourself ______________ (暴露) to the sun so long. It may result in skin diseases. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 54. A few days after our ________ (离开，启程) from the camp, our car was truly stuck in the mud. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 55. The reason why people get to the top seems complex, because they get ______ (激励) by different things. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 五、应用文写作（满分15分） 56. 假如你是李华，你校英语报的“Remarkable People”（非凡人物）专栏正在征稿。请你用英语写一篇短文，介绍一位你敬佩的人物（可以是历史人物、科学家、艺术家、运动员等）。内容包括： （1）人物的基本信息及主要成就； （2）你敬佩他/她的原因； （3）他/她对你的影响或启示。 注意：(1)词数不少于80词； (2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、读后续写（满分25分） 57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I had always thought language was just a subject in school until I stepped into college. Growing up in Kolkata, I studied at a government-aided secondary school. Though English was part of the curriculum, it never felt important. I could pass exams with minimal effort, so I never took it seriously. That changed the moment I began my first term of engineering. All the lectures were in English. I sat in class, trying to grasp what the professors were saying, but all my efforts were fruitless. I couldn’t follow the lessons, ask questions, or join in discussions. Outside the classroom, things were no better. My classmates quickly realized I struggled with English. Some laughed at me, while others simply ignored me. Slowly, I backed off. I avoided group outings and kept to myself for fear that I’d embarrass myself if I spoke. At the end of the term, I failed almost every subject. I stared at my school report in silence. My chest felt heavy, but I knew I had two choices— either giving up or fighting back. I chose the latter. I started small. I read English newspapers daily, carried an English dictionary in my backpack, and watched English videos with subtitles (字幕). Bit by bit, I improved. By the second term,I could finally understand lectures. But speaking was still a challenge. No matter how much I tried, I couldn’t express myself fluently. By my final year, I had gained knowledge in my field but still failed in every campus interview — always rejected in the communication round. My parents were disappointed. My brother thought I hadn’t worked hard enough. I was stuck in a sense of helplessness. Then, one day, my cousin visited. He asked what was wrong and listened patiently. “You’ve done your part,” he said. “Now let someone help you.” He advised me to attend a spoken English class. I was hesitant. What if people found out? What if I failed again? 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Still, I signed up for the class. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A month later, I stood before an employer, nervous but prepared. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $