精品解析：2026届上海市崇明区高三英语一模英语试题

2025学年第一学期高三第一次模拟考试 英语 (考试时间105分钟，满分115分。) I.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Beijing Hosts the World’s First-ever Humanoid (像人的) Robot Half Marathon Running is for everyone — and everything, as it now happens. That’s ___1___ China has just staged a half marathon where humans weren’t the only participants. In addition to about 12,000 living, breathing runners, this race also welcomed 21 humanoid robots to its start line. This half marathon, which took place in Beijing on Saturday, ___2___ (believe) to be the first running event of its kind and a landmark moment for the Chinese robotics industry. ___3___ the humans and robots ran along separate tracks, likely for safety reasons which you’ll appreciate better in a moment, it was the first time that these two types of participants ___4___ (take) part in the same race.And it proved that bipedal (两腿行走的) robots can run a significant distance in real-world conditions. However, the robots’ performances on race day were chaotic. One robot fell at the starting line and stayed down for several minutes. ___5___ ran into a fence after just a few meters. Only six of the 21 competing robots, all of ___6___ had to be bipedal rather than on wheels, successfully completed the course. The best of the bunch was a humanoid called Tiangong Ultra, ___7___ (develop) by the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center, which won the robot race in 2 hours and 40 minutes. Even better, Tiangong Ultra crossed the finish line ___8___ the human cut-off time of three hours and 10 minutes. It made it the only robot ___9___ (qualify) for a human participation award. It was the tallest robot in the field, too, ___10___ (tower) over many human adults at nearly six feet (about 1.8 meters). By contrast, the shortest robot participant — which wore a blue and white tracksuit and waved at people every few seconds — was just 2.5 feet (about 0.76 meters) tall. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. aim B. apparent C. boosting D. campaign E. controversial F. misperception G. discourage H. manual I. decrease J. moving K. urging The Link Between Movement and Health How people exercise changes with each new trend, but the idea that physical activity is key to good health is more than a passing fashion. What won’t change is that staying active benefits health in various ways —including lowering the risk for heart attacks, and ____11____ mental health. Loss of activity in our lives It wasn’t always so difficult to keep ____12____. People did it because they had to. As cars multiplied and electric appliances reduced the amount of ____13____ labor people had to do, “we got to a point where we weren’t so physically active,” said Dr. Bethany Barone Gibbs, a professor at West Virginia University in Morgantown. “It then became ____14____that maybe people who were more active were healthier.” Recommended exercise Studies showed even moderate-intensity activities could make a difference, leading to a 1995 U.S. surgeon general’s report ____15____ people to engage in 30 to 45 minutes of moderate activity each day, and for those who were already doing so, to push themselves harder. In 2007, the American College of Sports Medicine, along with the American Medical Association and the U.S. surgeon general, launched a(n) ____16____, calling for people to engage in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Current federal guidelines now reflect additional evidence suggesting people ____17____ for up to 300 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise, or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise. All movement counts Even small amounts of activity throughout the day can make a difference. More evidence suggests it’s not just how much people move but how much they sit that matters. The guidelines now ____18____ long periods of sitting behavior, finding a benefit with even five minutes of movement at least once an hour. “Get off the couch” and move “There is a(n) ____19____ that you need to be a sportsperson to get health benefits from exercise,” said Dr.Damon Swift, an exercise physiologist (生理学家) at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. “But really the benefits increase much earlier than that. Once you start getting off the couch, there is a large ____20____ in risk as you go from being inactive to somewhat active.” II.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The world’s top insect experts say our planet’s important insect population is going through a “death by a thousand cuts”. A new group of studies suggests Earth is losing around 1 to 2 percent of its insects each year. The losses are ____21____ climate change, pollution, agriculture, land use changes and chemicals. David Wagner of the University of Connecticut is the lead writer of the 12 studies, which recently appeared in Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences. The problem is a complex issue and even scientists say they do not fully understand it. The ____22____ of the issue makes it hard to get the public interested in possible solutions. Wagner said scientists need to find out if the levels of insect ____23____ are bigger in comparison to other species. May Berenbaum of the University of Illinois, who helped lead the research ____24____ the insect losses to climate change 30 years ago. She said back then, the methods used to measure the degree and rate of climate change effects were ____25____ .Berenbaum says another issue is that many people simply ____26____ insects. She added that this is true even though the small creatures do a lot of good. Wagner said two famous insects, honeybees and Monarch butterflies, are good examples of the current _____27_____ insects face. Honeybees have been ____28____ because of disease, chemicals and lack of food. Drier weather in the U.S. West, driven by climate change, means less milkweed for butterflies to ____29____, Wagner said. And changes in American agriculture ____30____ weeds and flowers they need for nectar (花蜜). The recent scientific papers do not provide new data, so they show a big but ____31____ picture of a problem that is starting to get more attention. Scientists have ____32____ 1 million insect species, while up to 4 million more are likely to be discovered, Berenbaum said. Doug Tallamy of the University of Delaware was not part of the studies, but he said the research demonstrates how the world has “spent the last 30 years spending billions of dollars finding new ways to kill insects and ____33____ pennies (a small amount of money) working to preserve them”. In an email to the Associated Press, Tallamy said the good news was that people themselves can do a lot to ____34____ insect losses. “This is a global problem with a grassroots. ____35____,” he wrote. 21. A. replaced with B. mistaken for C. prohibited from D. blamed on 22. A. objective B. significance C. complexity D. sensitivity 23. A. loss B. species C. evolution D. distinction 24. A. owed B. compared C. contributed D. recommended 25. A. efficient B. difficult C. purposeful D. convincing 26. A. study B. pity C. respect D. hate 27 A. alternatives B. dimensions C. problems D. habitats 28. A. doubling B. escaping C. intervening D. disappearing 29. A. eat B. anchor C. conserve D. value 30. A. cultivate B. remove C. beautify D. visualize 31. A. unavoidable B. unappealing C. inappropriate D. incomplete 32. A. identified B. threatened C. anticipated D. neglected 33. A. private B. additional C. mere D. primitive 34. A. stop B. suffer C. generate D. explain 35. A. contradiction B. solution C. expectation D. promise Section B Directions: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) She sings, dances and interacts with her sea of fans as her electric blue hair glows (发光) under the stage lights. But there’s something different about this pop star — she doesn’t physically exist. The digital superstar dancing on stage is Hatsune Miku, a virtual celebrity, and she’s part of a growing trend that goes beyond the boundary between the physical and digital worlds. Virtual celebrities, also known as virtual influencers, are digital characters that are created using a mixture of technologies including computer-generated images(CGI) and artificial intelligence(Al). They are designed to look and behave like real people and are able to sing, dance, model clothing, promote products, engage with fans on social media and even advocate for causes. While some people embrace this new trend, others reject it for fear that interactions with digital personalities might lack credibility. What makes Hatsune Miku special is that she is a collaboration between human creativity and technology and “sings” over 100,000 songs created by individual fans. Her voice is a product of a complex voice synthesizer (合成器), and her performances are entirely digital. She has even performed with major artists. Miku’s live concerts, where LED screens are used to bring her to “life,” have sold out in cities around the world. One of the world’s most beloved virtual influencers, Lu came from humble beginnings. Lu, a digital being, started as a virtual assistant for online shoppers. However, her popularity increased, and she quickly became the face of the brand. Lu has also worked with top brands and starred in music videos with famous artists. She is a great example of how a digital celebrity can bridge the gap between entertainment, social issues and marketing. And with her support of women’s rights. Lu continues to break new ground for virtual influencers. Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy, with many expressing discomfort with the idea of “fake humans” interacting with the world as if they were real. As we look ahead, it’s worth asking: How will the world adjust to this new reality where digital beings exist alongside real humans? The answer, as always, lies in how we choose to use the tools we have been given. 36. The passage is mainly about _________ A. the development and influence of virtual celebrities B. the unique performances of Hatsune Miku and Lu C. the technologies used to create virtual influencers D. the controversies caused by digital characters 37 Why is Hatsune Miku referred to as a special virtual celebrity? A. She has a charming voice recorded from a real singer B. She is the first virtual influencer to work with famous artists C. She has a physical body that enables her to perform on stage D. She represents a combination of fan creativity and technology 38. By “humble beginnings” in Paragraph 4, the author means Lu _________ A. had a difficult personality at first B. always aimed to become a celebrity C. started in a simple and unnoticed way D. was created by an unknown company 39. What is the author’s attitude towards virtual influencers? A. Doubtful. B. Neutral. C. Strongly critical. D. Fully supportive. (B) Home > Student home Support and advice STUDENT SUPPORT AND ADVICE Need assistance? Whether it’s a simple question or more in-depth support, there’s a variety of help on hand for you while studying. STUDENT CENTRE If you’re not sure who to contact, start at the Student Centre. The Student Centre is a first point of contact for support and advice. We can help with quick queries (疑问), advice on managing your money, private housing issues, or help with any disability or mental health related queries. Based in the Student Centre you will find: ·Student Support Team ·Disability Services ·Open Door STUDENT SUPPORT TEAM Based in the Student Centre, the Student Support Team can direct you to support around money management, student finance queries, information on private housing and academic progress issues. How to contact our Student Support Team Open 10 am-4 pm, Monday-Friday In person: The Student Centre is in Sally Baldwin Block D on Campus West. Phone us: +44(0)1904324140 Email us: student-centre@york.ac.uk (the team will respond within five working days) For out-of-hours support: In an emergency, call 999. If it’s urgent but not dangerous, contact Campus Safety on 01904323333. For general security and safety questions, contact Campus Safety on 01904324444. DISABILITY SERVICES We’re committed to providing the best possible support for disabled students. For example, we can arrange academic support and adjustments if you have a disability or long-term health condition. ※ Individual exam arrangements If you require individual exam arrangements, you must have provided Disability Services with appropriate supporting information by the deadlines. OPEN DOOR Open Door is a team of Mental Health Practitioners and Student Wellbeing Officers providing free support to registered students experiencing psychological or mental health difficulties. ※ How do I access Open Door support? To make an appointment with Open Door, complete the Open Door form online, and we will try to contact you within two working days. 40. What is the main purpose of the webpage? A. To advertise university facilities. B. To provide academic course information. C. To explain emergency procedures. D. To offer access to student support services. 41. If a student loses his/her student ID card late at night and needs immediate guidance on replacement, he/she should _________ A. visit the Student Centre in person B. contact Campus Safety on 01904323333 C. email student-centre@york.ac.uk D. call+44(0)1904324140 right away 42. It can be learned from the webpage that _________ A. registered students with mental problems can receive free professional help from Open Door B. the Student Centre can provide students various support including advice on making money C. students can obtain individual exam arrangements as long as they submit forms beforehand D it usually takes the Student Support Team two working days at most to respond to an email (C) When you were a kid, you most likely had more friends than you do now. As you grew up, your friendship circle most likely grew smaller. You now have just a few really important friendships. One idea suggests that we become more selective about our friends because we become increasingly aware of our own mortality (生命的有限). In other words, we have future-oriented cognition (认知). However, a recent study suggests that our friendships may not actually be tied to thinking about the future. In this study, a team of researchers analyzed 78,000 hours of observations of 21 male chimpanzees (黑猩猩) made between 1995 and 2016. A unique feature of this study is the value that exists in the long-term collection of data. Like humans, as these chimpanzees grew older, they increased the number of mutual friendships and decreased the number of one-sided friendships. In these mutual friendships, aged chimpanzees were more likely to groom (理毛) each other, and they engaged in grooming for longer, which suggests these friendships were of high value to the chimpanzees. These results question some aspects of the socioemotional selectivity theory. While humans have a sense of mortality, it is widely believed that chimpanzees do not. Because we are so closely related to chimpanzees, these findings in the wild chimps might also apply to people. But if future-orientated cognition isn’t the source of this shift in social behavior seen in both humans and chimpanzees, what is? Now, the researchers are using the same data set to investigate whether changes in emotional reactivity explain the recent findings from the male chimpanzees. Joan Silk, a professor not involved in the study, explained that it could be emotional reactivity, but that’s just a possible explanation, distinct from a complete explanation of how something works. Does emotional reactivity also explain human shifts in friendship selection? These are questions that deserve further study. Anyway, the new study gives valuable insight into how natural selection shapes social relationship strategies as we age, and it is also stimulating because it makes one reconsider the nature of how humans think and behave. Answering questions like this is difficult because humans live such a long time, but what’s important about this study is that it provides long-term data on known individuals that live a long time. By studying our evolutionary cousins, we can learn more about our own behavior. 43. What social change occurs in both humans and chimpanzees as they age? A. They avoid all forms of social grooming. B. Their friendship circles expand significantly. C. They prioritize quantity over quality in friendships. D. They focus on fewer but deeper mutual relationships. 44. The chimpanzee study challenges the socioemotional selectivity theory because _________. A. young chimpanzees exhibited stronger future-oriented cognition B. human friendships were proven unrelated to emotional reactivity C. chimpanzees were found to have a human-like understanding of death D. the social shift occurs in chimpanzees despite their lack of mortality awareness 45 What did Joan Silk imply about the chimpanzee study? A. Its approach is innovative. B. Its findings remain incomplete. C. Its explanation is reasonable. D. Its conclusions are unbelievable. 46. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Aging and Friendship: A New Insight from Chimpanzees B. Future-Oriented Cognition: The Key to Friendships C. The Emotional Reactivity of Male Chimpanzees D. How Mortality Shapes Human Friendship Section C Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Ants Best Humans at Test of Collective Intelligence When people work together, they can achieve great things. But if they can’t talk, they’re not necessarily smarter than ants, at least according to a study published this month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Both longhorn crazy ants and humans can figure out how to work together to move a large and heavy object through a series of obstacles. ____47____ They had individuals and groups of different sizes of both species move a T-shaped object through a tricky series of openings in walls, both of which were scaled to the body size of the participants. This kind of puzzle is hard for ants because their pheromone-based (基于信息素的) communication doesn’t account for the kind of geometry (几何) needed to get the object through the doors._____48_____ In some of the trials, they made the humans wear sunglasses and masks and forbade talking and gestures. So the people, like the ants, had to work together without language. They could only rely on the forces generated by their fellow participants to figure out how to move the T-shaped piece. ____49____ They exhibited what the researchers described as “emergent” collective memory, an intelligence greater than the sum of its parts. The groups of humans, on the other hand, often didn’t do better when working together, especially if they weren’t allowed to talk. In fact, multiple people sometimes performed worse than individuals — and worse than the ants. The researchers assume that, in the absence of the ability to discuss and debate, individuals attempt to reach an agreement quickly rather than fully assessing the problem. This group think, they suggest, leads people toward fruitless “greedy” efforts where they directly pull the T-shaped object toward the gaps in the wall, rather than the less obvious, correct solution of pulling the object into the space between first. ____50____ A. So scientists made the two compete against each other. B. The groups of ants were much better at solving the puzzle than individual ants. C. It was a bit like moving an awkwardly large couch through a narrow hallway or stairwell. D. To make the experiments even more comparable the team also took away the humans’communication. E. Furthermore, when allowed to communicate, human groups performed about as well as the average individual in the group, so there was no advantage to teaming up. F. The ants “excel in cooperation,” they write, while humans need to be able to talk through their reasoning to avoid simply going with what they think the crowd wants. II.Summary Writing 51. Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. The Fear of Taking Risks May Be Holding You Back Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. But even when these thoughts lack a rational (理性的) basis, we sometimes allow our anxiety to prevail (占上风). The problem is that we often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. However, learning to take healthy risks can improve your life. If you find yourself fearing to take healthy,calculated risks, there are two strategies that can help. To begin with, balance your emotions with logic.Too often, we think our fear is related to the level of the risk. The scarier something feels, the riskier it must be. Driving a car probably doesn’t feel risky, but giving a speech might feel like a huge risk. Yet your chances of injury or death are higher when you’re behind the wheel. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. Ask yourself, “What risk do I actually face? How can I handle it if it doesn’t work out?” In addition, increase your chances of success. There are steps you can take to reduce the risk that you face. Spend time practicing a speech before you deliver it, which could increase your chances of success. Rather than spend time trying to decrease your fear, put your energy into increasing your chances of success. Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. It also provides you with a chance to sharpen your skills and learn from your mistake. With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV.Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets, 52. 坚持每天锻炼不仅能增强体质，还能缓解压力。（relieve）（汉译英） ____________________________________________ 53. 每每回想起小时候和外婆度过的快乐时光，他都情不自禁地感到温暖。（Every time）（汉译英） ____________________________________________ 54. 近年来，该地区牛奶消耗量稳步堤升，足见民众的健康意识已然深入人心。(which) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 55. 为使这款产品在竞争激烈的市场中脱颖而出，公司负责人建议把传统文化融入到产品的设计理念中。(integrate) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ V.Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是中华中学的高三学生张晶，你校英文报正在开展“AI and Our Life”的主题征文活动。 你有意参加，你的征文内容须包括： 1.具体描述一次你使用AI 的经历和感受; 2.谈谈你对高中学生使用AI 的看法和建议。 注：文中不得透露你的真实信息。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年第一学期高三第一次模拟考试 英语 (考试时间105分钟，满分115分。) I.Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Beijing Hosts the World’s First-ever Humanoid (像人的) Robot Half Marathon Running is for everyone — and everything, as it now happens. That’s ___1___ China has just staged a half marathon where humans weren’t the only participants. In addition to about 12,000 living, breathing runners, this race also welcomed 21 humanoid robots to its start line. This half marathon, which took place in Beijing on Saturday, ___2___ (believe) to be the first running event of its kind and a landmark moment for the Chinese robotics industry. ___3___ the humans and robots ran along separate tracks, likely for safety reasons which you’ll appreciate better in a moment, it was the first time that these two types of participants ___4___ (take) part in the same race.And it proved that bipedal (两腿行走的) robots can run a significant distance in real-world conditions. However, the robots’ performances on race day were chaotic. One robot fell at the starting line and stayed down for several minutes. ___5___ ran into a fence after just a few meters. Only six of the 21 competing robots, all of ___6___ had to be bipedal rather than on wheels, successfully completed the course. The best of the bunch was a humanoid called Tiangong Ultra, ___7___ (develop) by the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center, which won the robot race in 2 hours and 40 minutes. Even better, Tiangong Ultra crossed the finish line ___8___ the human cut-off time of three hours and 10 minutes. It made it the only robot ___9___ (qualify) for a human participation award. It was the tallest robot in the field, too, ___10___ (tower) over many human adults at nearly six feet (about 1.8 meters). By contrast, the shortest robot participant — which wore a blue and white tracksuit and waved at people every few seconds — was just 2.5 feet (about 0.76 meters) tall. 【答案】1. because 2. is believed 3. Although##Though##While 4. had taken 5. Another 6. which 7. developed 8. before##within 9. to qualify##to be qualified 10. towering 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了北京举办首届人形机器人半程马拉松的赛事情况。 【1题详解】 考查连词。句意：这是因为中国刚刚举办了一场半程马拉松比赛，人类并不是唯一的参赛者。前文“Running is for everyone — and everything”提出观点，后文“China has just staged a half marathon where humans weren’t the only participants”解释该现象的原因，空处应用连词because引导表语从句，构成固定句型“That’s because...”，意为“这是因为……”。故填because。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这场半程马拉松于周六在北京举行，被认为是此类赛事中的首场，也是中国机器人产业的一个里程碑时刻。空处作谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，believe和主语This half marathon之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语This half marathon是单数，be动词应用is。故填is believed。 【3题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管出于安全原因，人类和机器人分别在不同的赛道上奔跑（这一点你很快就会更清楚），但这是这两类参赛者首次参加同一场比赛。前半句“人类和机器人分道跑”与后半句“首次同场竞技”是让步转折关系，空处应用连词although/though/while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：尽管出于安全原因，人类和机器人分别在不同的赛道上奔跑（这一点你很快就会更清楚），但这是这两类参赛者首次参加同一场比赛。it was the first time that...为固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次……”，that从句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时。故填had taken。 【5题详解】 考查代词。句意：另一个机器人在仅仅跑了几米后就撞到了围栏上。根据上文“One robot fell at the starting line and stayed down for several minutes.”可知，此处表示“另一个机器人”，应用代词another，泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个，句首单词首字母大写。故填Another。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在21个参赛机器人中，只有6个成功完成了比赛，所有这些机器人都必须是两足行走的，而不是轮式的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词six of the 21 competing robots，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：其中表现最好的是一款名为“天工Ultra”的人形机器人，由北京人形机器人创新中心开发，以2小时40分钟的成绩赢得了机器人组冠军。空处作非谓语动词，develop和逻辑主语a humanoid called Tiangong Ultra之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填developed。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：更好的是，“天工Ultra”在人类设定的3小时10分钟截止时间之前（在3小时10分钟内）冲过了终点线。根据空后“the human cut-off time of three hours and 10 minutes”可知，此处表示“在……之前”或“在……之内”，应用介词before“在……之前”或within“在……之内”。故填before/within。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这使它成为唯一有资格获得人类参与奖的机器人。空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词robot，当名词有the only修饰，其后用不定式作后置定语，qualify“符合”和robot之间可以是主动关系，强调机器人自身符合获奖条件，可用to qualify；也可用不定式的被动形式to be qualified，强调机器人被官方授予资格。故填to qualify/to be qualified。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它也是赛场上最高的机器人，身高近6英尺（约1.8米），比许多成年人都高。空处作非谓语动词，动词tower“高耸；高出”和逻辑主语It（指代前文的机器人）之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填towering。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. aim B. apparent C. boosting D. campaign E. controversial F. misperception G. discourage H. manual I. decrease J. moving K. urging The Link Between Movement and Health How people exercise changes with each new trend, but the idea that physical activity is key to good health is more than a passing fashion. What won’t change is that staying active benefits health in various ways —including lowering the risk for heart attacks, and ____11____ mental health. Loss of activity in our lives It wasn’t always so difficult to keep ____12____. People did it because they had to. As cars multiplied and electric appliances reduced the amount of ____13____ labor people had to do, “we got to a point where we weren’t so physically active,” said Dr. Bethany Barone Gibbs, a professor at West Virginia University in Morgantown. “It then became ____14____that maybe people who were more active were healthier.” Recommended exercise Studies showed even moderate-intensity activities could make a difference, leading to a 1995 U.S. surgeon general’s report ____15____ people to engage in 30 to 45 minutes of moderate activity each day, and for those who were already doing so, to push themselves harder. In 2007, the American College of Sports Medicine, along with the American Medical Association and the U.S. surgeon general, launched a(n) ____16____, calling for people to engage in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Current federal guidelines now reflect additional evidence suggesting people ____17____ for up to 300 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise, or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise. All movement counts Even small amounts of activity throughout the day can make a difference. More evidence suggests it’s not just how much people move but how much they sit that matters. The guidelines now ____18____ long periods of sitting behavior, finding a benefit with even five minutes of movement at least once an hour. “Get off the couch” and move “There is a(n) ____19____ that you need to be a sportsperson to get health benefits from exercise,” said Dr.Damon Swift, an exercise physiologist (生理学家) at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. “But really the benefits increase much earlier than that. Once you start getting off the couch, there is a large ____20____ in risk as you go from being inactive to somewhat active.” 【答案】11. C 12. J 13. H 14. B 15. K 16. D 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. I 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了运动与健康之间的关系。 【11题详解】 考查动名词。句意：不变的是，保持活跃好动对健康有着多方面的益处——包括降低心脏病发作的风险，以及提升心理健康水平。空处应用动名词，与lowering并列作宾语；选项C. boosting表示“提升、推动”，为动名词形式，符合句子和句意。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查动名词。句意：保持活动并不总是那么困难。动词短语keep doing表示“保持做某事”，故空处用动名词形式；根据上句“Loss of activity in our lives(在我们的生活中失去活动)”可知，空处表示保持“活动”，选项J. moving为动名词形式，表示“移动、活动”，符合句意。故选J。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随着汽车数量的增多以及电器的普及减少了人们需要从事的体力劳动，“我们逐渐进入了一个身体活动量减少的阶段”，西弗吉尼亚大学莫兰顿分校的贝瑟尼·巴罗内·吉布斯教授如是说。空处应用形容词，修饰名词labor，作定语；选项H. manual为形容词，表示“体力的、手动的”，manual labor意为“体力劳动”，符合句意。故选H。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随后便显而易见的是，或许那些更活跃的人会更健康。空处应用形容词，作表语；选项B. apparent为形容词，表示“显而易见的”，符合句意。故选B。 【15题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：研究表明，即使是中等强度的运动也能产生效果，这促使 1995 年美国卫生局局长发布了一份报告，呼吁人们每天进行 30 至 45 分钟的中等强度运动，并且对于那些已经进行此类运动的人，要更加努力地坚持下去。空处应用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰名词report，并与其之间为主动关系；选项K. urging为现在分词，表示“力劝、敦促”，符合句意。故选K。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：2007 年，美国运动医学学院、美国医学协会以及美国卫生部长共同发起了一项活动，呼吁人们每周进行 150 分钟的中等强度运动。空处应用名词，作宾语；选项D. campaign为名词，表示“活动、运动”，符合句意。故选D。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：目前的联邦指南反映了更多证据，表明人们的目标是每周进行最多 300 分钟的中等强度运动，或 75 至 150 分钟的高强度运动。空处应用动词，作suggesting后宾语从句的谓语；选项A. aim为动词，表示“旨在、瞄准”，aim for表示“以……为目标”，符合句意。故选A。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：该指南现在不鼓励长时间坐着的行为，发现每小时至少运动一次，哪怕是五分钟也有好处。空处应用动词，作谓语；选项G. discourage为动词，表示“劝阻、不鼓励”，符合句意。故选G。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：有一种错误的观念认为，要想从运动中获得健康益处，就必须是专业的运动员。空处应用名词，作主语；选项F. misperception为名词，表示“误解、错误的想法”，符合句意。故选F。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：一旦你开始离开沙发，当你从不活动变为稍微活跃时，风险就会大大降低。空处应用名词，作主语；选项I. decrease可作名词，表示“减少、减低”，符合句意。故选I。 II.Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The world’s top insect experts say our planet’s important insect population is going through a “death by a thousand cuts”. A new group of studies suggests Earth is losing around 1 to 2 percent of its insects each year. The losses are ____21____ climate change, pollution, agriculture, land use changes and chemicals. David Wagner of the University of Connecticut is the lead writer of the 12 studies, which recently appeared in Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences. The problem is a complex issue and even scientists say they do not fully understand it. The ____22____ of the issue makes it hard to get the public interested in possible solutions. Wagner said scientists need to find out if the levels of insect ____23____ are bigger in comparison to other species. May Berenbaum of the University of Illinois, who helped lead the research ____24____ the insect losses to climate change 30 years ago. She said back then, the methods used to measure the degree and rate of climate change effects were ____25____ .Berenbaum says another issue is that many people simply ____26____ insects. She added that this is true even though the small creatures do a lot of good. Wagner said two famous insects, honeybees and Monarch butterflies, are good examples of the current _____27_____ insects face. Honeybees have been ____28____ because of disease, chemicals and lack of food. Drier weather in the U.S. West, driven by climate change, means less milkweed for butterflies to ____29____, Wagner said. And changes in American agriculture ____30____ weeds and flowers they need for nectar (花蜜). The recent scientific papers do not provide new data, so they show a big but ____31____ picture of a problem that is starting to get more attention. Scientists have ____32____ 1 million insect species, while up to 4 million more are likely to be discovered, Berenbaum said. Doug Tallamy of the University of Delaware was not part of the studies, but he said the research demonstrates how the world has “spent the last 30 years spending billions of dollars finding new ways to kill insects and ____33____ pennies (a small amount of money) working to preserve them”. In an email to the Associated Press, Tallamy said the good news was that people themselves can do a lot to ____34____ insect losses. “This is a global problem with a grassroots. ____35____,” he wrote. 21. A. replaced with B. mistaken for C. prohibited from D. blamed on 22. A. objective B. significance C. complexity D. sensitivity 23 A. loss B. species C. evolution D. distinction 24. A. owed B. compared C. contributed D. recommended 25. A. efficient B. difficult C. purposeful D. convincing 26. A. study B. pity C. respect D. hate 27. A. alternatives B. dimensions C. problems D. habitats 28. A. doubling B. escaping C. intervening D. disappearing 29. A. eat B. anchor C. conserve D. value 30. A. cultivate B. remove C. beautify D. visualize 31. A. unavoidable B. unappealing C. inappropriate D. incomplete 32. A. identified B. threatened C. anticipated D. neglected 33. A. private B. additional C. mere D. primitive 34. A. stop B. suffer C. generate D. explain 35. A. contradiction B. solution C. expectation D. promise 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了昆虫数量减少的现状、原因及相关应对方向。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些损失归咎于气候变化、污染、农业、土地利用变化和化学品。A. replaced with被替换为；B. mistaken for被误认为；C. prohibited from被禁止做某事；D. blamed on归咎于。根据上文“Earth is losing around 1 to 2 percent of its insects each year”及下文“climate change, pollution, agriculture, land use changes and chemicals”可知，此处指昆虫数量减少的原因归咎于气候变化、污染、农业、土地利用变化和化学品。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个问题的复杂性使得很难让公众对可能的解决方案感兴趣。A. objective目标；B. significance重要性；C. complexity复杂性；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据上文“The problem is a complex issue and even scientists say they do not fully understand it.”可知，此处指这个问题的复杂性。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：瓦格纳说，科学家们需要弄清楚，昆虫数量的减少幅度是否比其他物种更大。A. loss损失，减少；B. species物种；C. evolution进化；D. distinction区别。根据上文“Earth is losing around 1 to 2 percent of its insects each year.”可知，此处指昆虫数量减少的问题。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：伊利诺伊大学的梅·贝伦鲍姆30年前就协助主导了这项关于气候变化导致昆虫减少的对比研究。A. owed欠；B. compared比较；C. contributed贡献；D. recommended推荐。根据下文“the insect losses to climate change 30 years ago”可知，此处指将昆虫的减少与气候变化进行了比较。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说，当时，用来衡量气候变化影响的程度和速度的方法很困难。A. efficient高效的；B. difficult困难的；C. purposeful有目的的；D. convincing令人信服的。根据下文“Berenbaum says another issue is that many people simply.. insects.”结合下文现在对昆虫减少问题的深入研究，可推断出早期研究方法存在缺陷、实施难度大。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝伦鲍姆说，另一个问题是许多人就是讨厌昆虫。A. study学习；B. pity同情；C. respect尊敬；D. hate讨厌。根据下文“She added that this is true even though the small creatures do a lot of good.”的转折关系可知，此处应填与“益处”相反的负面态度词，指许多人讨厌昆虫。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：瓦格纳说，两种著名的昆虫，蜜蜂和帝王蝶，是当前昆虫面临的问题的好例子。A. alternatives替代品；B. dimensions方面；C. problems问题；D. habitats栖息地。根据上文“The problem is a complex issue and even scientists say they do not fully understand it.”可知，此处指当前昆虫面临的问题。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：蜜蜂因为疾病、化学物质和食物缺乏而正在消失。A. doubling加倍；B. escaping逃跑；C. intervening干预；D. disappearing消失。根据下文“because of disease, chemicals and lack of food”可知，此处指蜜蜂的生存威胁因素，正面临消失的危机。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：瓦格纳说，气候变化导致的美国西部天气干燥，意味着可供蝴蝶食用的乳草减少了。A. eat吃；B. anchor固定；C. conserve保护；D. value重视。根据上文“less milkweed for butterflies to”可知，此处指可供蝴蝶食用的乳草。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国农业的变化清除了它们赖以获取花蜜的杂草和花卉。A. cultivate培养；B. remove移除；C. beautify美化；D. visualize想象。根据下文“weeds and flowers they need for nectar”可知，农业活动通常会清除杂草和野花，而这些是昆虫的花蜜来源。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近的科学论文没有提供新的数据，所以它们展示了一个开始受到更多关注的问题的的图景，这一图景宏大但不完整。A. unavoidable不可避免的；B. unappealing不吸引人的；C. inappropriate不合适的；D. incomplete不完整的。根据上文“The recent scientific papers do not provide new data”可知，缺少新数据会导致问题的图景不够完整。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝伦鲍姆说，科学家们已经确认了100万种昆虫，而可能还会发现多达400万种。A. identified确认；B. threatened威胁；C. anticipated预期；D. neglected忽视。根据下文“1 million insect species,while up to 4 million more are likely to be discovered”的对比可知，此处指已经被识别、记录的昆虫种类。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：特拉华大学的道格・塔拉米没有参与这些研究，但他说，这项研究证明了世界“在过去30年里花费了数十亿美元寻找杀死昆虫的新方法，而仅仅花费了微不足道的钱来保护它们”。A. private私人的；B. additional额外的；C. mere仅仅的；D. primitive原始的。根据上文“spent the last 30 years spending billions of dollars finding new ways to kill insects and”可知，与“billions of dollars”形成对比，应是指花费了“仅仅”很少的钱在保护上。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：塔拉米在给美联社的一封电子邮件中说，好消息是人们自己可以做很多事情来阻止昆虫的减少。A. stop阻止；B. suffer遭受；C. generate产生；D. explain解释。根据下文“insect losses”可知，此处是提出解决办法，即采取行动阻止昆虫减少的趋势。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个全球性的问题，但解决之道却在于基层行动，”他写道。A. contradiction矛盾；B. solution解决方案；C. expectation期望；D. promise承诺。根据上文“the good news was that people themselves can do a lot to stop insect losses”可知，此处指解决问题的办法。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) She sings dances and interacts with her sea of fans as her electric blue hair glows (发光) under the stage lights. But there’s something different about this pop star — she doesn’t physically exist. The digital superstar dancing on stage is Hatsune Miku, a virtual celebrity, and she’s part of a growing trend that goes beyond the boundary between the physical and digital worlds. Virtual celebrities, also known as virtual influencers, are digital characters that are created using a mixture of technologies including computer-generated images(CGI) and artificial intelligence(Al). They are designed to look and behave like real people and are able to sing, dance, model clothing, promote products, engage with fans on social media and even advocate for causes. While some people embrace this new trend, others reject it for fear that interactions with digital personalities might lack credibility. What makes Hatsune Miku special is that she is a collaboration between human creativity and technology and “sings” over 100,000 songs created by individual fans. Her voice is a product of a complex voice synthesizer (合成器), and her performances are entirely digital. She has even performed with major artists. Miku’s live concerts, where LED screens are used to bring her to “life,” have sold out in cities around the world. One of the world’s most beloved virtual influencers, Lu came from humble beginnings. Lu, a digital being, started as a virtual assistant for online shoppers. However, her popularity increased, and she quickly became the face of the brand. Lu has also worked with top brands and starred in music videos with famous artists. She is a great example of how a digital celebrity can bridge the gap between entertainment, social issues and marketing. And with her support of women’s rights. Lu continues to break new ground for virtual influencers. Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy, with many expressing discomfort with the idea of “fake humans” interacting with the world as if they were real. As we look ahead, it’s worth asking: How will the world adjust to this new reality where digital beings exist alongside real humans? The answer, as always, lies in how we choose to use the tools we have been given. 36. The passage is mainly about _________ A. the development and influence of virtual celebrities B. the unique performances of Hatsune Miku and Lu C. the technologies used to create virtual influencers D. the controversies caused by digital characters 37. Why is Hatsune Miku referred to as a special virtual celebrity? A. She has a charming voice recorded from a real singer B. She is the first virtual influencer to work with famous artists C. She has a physical body that enables her to perform on stage D. She represents a combination of fan creativity and technology 38. By “humble beginnings” in Paragraph 4, the author means Lu _________ A. had a difficult personality at first B. always aimed to become a celebrity C. started in a simple and unnoticed way D. was created by an unknown company 39. What is the author’s attitude towards virtual influencers? A. Doubtful. B. Neutral. C. Strongly critical. D. Fully supportive. 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B 【解析】 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了虚拟名人的发展现状、特点、影响以及引发的争议。 36题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第2段“Virtual celebrities, also known as virtual influencers, are digital characters that are created using a mixture of technologies including computer-generated images(CGI) and artificial intelligence(Al).(虚拟名人，也被称为虚拟网红，是一种运用计算机生成图像和人工智能等多种技术创造出来的数字角色)”、第3段 “What makes Hatsune Miku special is that she is a collaboration between human creativity and technology and ‘sings’ over 100,000 songs created by individual fans.(初音未来的特别之处在于，她是人类创造力和技术的结合，‘演唱’了个人粉丝创作的10万多首歌曲。)”和第4段“One of the world’s most beloved virtual influencers, Lu came from humble beginnings. Lu, a digital being, started as a virtual assistant for online shoppers.(作为世界上最受欢迎的网红之一，Lu出身……。作为一个数字形象，Lu最初只是一名面向网购消费者的虚拟助手。但后来她的人气不断攀升，迅速成为了该品牌的代言人)”对初音未来和Lu的介绍，以及第5段“Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy(尽管虚拟网红们取得了成功，但他们也并非没有争议)”可知，文章围绕虚拟名人的发展和影响展开。故选A。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第3段中“What makes Hatsune Miku special is that she is a collaboration between human creativity and technology and ‘sings’ over 100,000 songs created by individual fans.(初音未来的特别之处在于，她是人类创造力和技术的结合，‘演唱’了个人粉丝创作的10万多首歌曲。)”可知，她的特殊性在于融合了粉丝创造力与科技。故选D。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第4段中“One of the world’s most beloved virtual influencers, Lu came from humble beginnings. Lu, a digital being, started as a virtual assistant for online shoppers. However, her popularity increased, and she quickly became the face of the brand.(作为世界上最受欢迎的网红之一，Lu出身……。作为一个数字形象，Lu最初只是一名面向网购消费者的虚拟助手。但后来她的人气不断攀升，迅速成为了该品牌的代言人)”可知，“humble beginnings”指的是她起步平凡、不引人注目。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第5段“Despite their success, virtual influencers aren’t without controversy(尽管虚拟网红们取得了成功，但他们也并非没有争议)”以及“The answer, as always, lies in how we choose to use the tools we have been given.(答案一如既往地取决于我们选择如何使用手中的工具)”可知，作者既提到了虚拟网红的成功，也提及了争议，并未表达偏向性的观点，态度是中立的。故选B。 (B) Home > Student home Support and advice STUDENT SUPPORT AND ADVICE Need assistance? Whether it’s a simple question or more in-depth support, there’s a variety of help on hand for you while studying. STUDENT CENTRE If you’re not sure who to contact, start at the Student Centre. The Student Centre is a first point of contact for support and advice. We can help with quick queries (疑问), advice on managing your money, private housing issues, or help with any disability or mental health related queries. Based in the Student Centre you will find: ·Student Support Team ·Disability Services ·Open Door STUDENT SUPPORT TEAM Based in the Student Centre, the Student Support Team can direct you to support around money management, student finance queries, information on private housing and academic progress issues. How to contact our Student Support Team Open 10 am-4 pm, Monday-Friday In person: The Student Centre is in Sally Baldwin Block D on Campus West. Phone us: +44(0)1904324140 Email us: student-centre@york.ac.uk (the team will respond within five working days) For out-of-hours support: In an emergency, call 999. If it’s urgent but not dangerous contact Campus Safety on 01904323333. For general security and safety questions, contact Campus Safety on 01904324444. DISABILITY SERVICES We’re committed to providing the best possible support for disabled students. For example, we can arrange academic support and adjustments if you have a disability or long-term health condition. ※ Individual exam arrangements If you require individual exam arrangements, you must have provided Disability Services with appropriate supporting information by the deadlines. OPEN DOOR Open Door is a team of Mental Health Practitioners and Student Wellbeing Officers providing free support to registered students experiencing psychological or mental health difficulties. ※ How do I access Open Door support? To make an appointment with Open Door, complete the Open Door form online, and we will try to contact you within two working days. 40. What is the main purpose of the webpage? A. To advertise university facilities. B. To provide academic course information. C. To explain emergency procedures. D. To offer access to student support services. 41. If a student loses his/her student ID card late at night and needs immediate guidance on replacement, he/she should _________ A. visit the Student Centre in person B. contact Campus Safety on 01904323333 C. email student-centre@york.ac.uk D. call+44(0)1904324140 right away 42. It can be learned from the webpage that _________ A. registered students with mental problems can receive free professional help from Open Door B. the Student Centre can provide students various support including advice on making money C. students can obtain individual exam arrangements as long as they submit forms beforehand D. it usually takes the Student Support Team two working days at most to respond to an email 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了约克大学为学生提供的各类支持服务，包括残疾学生支持、心理健康支持、学生中心服务及联系方式等。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据网页大标题STUDENT SUPPORT AND ADVICE及正文对STUDENT CENTRE、DISABILITY SERVICES、OPEN DOOR等各类支持服务的介绍可知，该网页的主要目的是提供学生支持服务的获取途径。故选D项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据For out-of-hours support部分“If it’s urgent but not dangerous, contact Campus Safety on 01904323333. (如果情况紧急但不危险，请拨打01904323333与校园安全部联系)”可知，深夜丢失学生卡属于紧急但非危险情况，应联系Campus Safety，即校园安全部。故选B项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据OPEN DOOR部分“providing free support to registered students experiencing psychological or mental health difficulties (为遇到心理或精神健康问题的注册学生提供免费支持)”可知，有心理问题的注册学生可以从Open Door获得免费专业帮助。故选A项。 (C) When you were a kid, you most likely had more friends than you do now. As you grew up, your friendship circle most likely grew smaller. You now have just a few really important friendships. One idea suggests that we become more selective about our friends because we become increasingly aware of our own mortality (生命的有限). In other words, we have future-oriented cognition (认知). However, a recent study suggests that our friendships may not actually be tied to thinking about the future. In this study, a team of researchers analyzed 78,000 hours of observations of 21 male chimpanzees (黑猩猩) made between 1995 and 2016. A unique feature of this study is the value that exists in the long-term collection of data. Like humans, as these chimpanzees grew older, they increased the number of mutual friendships and decreased the number of one-sided friendships. In these mutual friendships, aged chimpanzees were more likely to groom (理毛) each other, and they engaged in grooming for longer, which suggests these friendships were of high value to the chimpanzees. These results question some aspects of the socioemotional selectivity theory. While humans have a sense of mortality, it is widely believed that chimpanzees do not. Because we are so closely related to chimpanzees, these findings in the wild chimps might also apply to people. But if future-orientated cognition isn’t the source of this shift in social behavior seen in both humans and chimpanzees, what is? Now, the researchers are using the same data set to investigate whether changes in emotional reactivity explain the recent findings from the male chimpanzees. Joan Silk, a professor not involved in the study, explained that it could be emotional reactivity, but that’s just a possible explanation, distinct from a complete explanation of how something works. Does emotional reactivity also explain human shifts in friendship selection? These are questions that deserve further study. Anyway, the new study gives valuable insight into how natural selection shapes social relationship strategies as we age, and it is also stimulating because it makes one reconsider the nature of how humans think and behave. Answering questions like this is difficult because humans live such a long time, but what’s important about this study is that it provides long-term data on known individuals that live a long time. By studying our evolutionary cousins, we can learn more about our own behavior. 43. What social change occurs in both humans and chimpanzees as they age? A. They avoid all forms of social grooming. B. Their friendship circles expand significantly. C. They prioritize quantity over quality in friendships. D. They focus on fewer but deeper mutual relationships. 44. The chimpanzee study challenges the socioemotional selectivity theory because _________. A. young chimpanzees exhibited stronger future-oriented cognition B. human friendships were proven unrelated to emotional reactivity C. chimpanzees were found to have a human-like understanding of death D. the social shift occurs in chimpanzees despite their lack of mortality awareness 45. What did Joan Silk imply about the chimpanzee study? A. Its approach is innovative. B. Its findings remain incomplete. C. Its explanation is reasonable. D. Its conclusions are unbelievable. 46. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Aging and Friendship: A New Insight from Chimpanzees B. Future-Oriented Cognition: The Key to Friendships C. The Emotional Reactivity of Male Chimpanzees D. How Mortality Shapes Human Friendship 【答案】43. D 44. D 45. B 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，通过一项对黑猩猩的长期观察研究，探讨了人类和黑猩猩在衰老过程中社交关系的变化，并对原有的“社会情感选择理论”提出了质疑。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第1段中“As you grew up, your friendship circle most likely grew smaller. You now have just a few really important friendships.(随着你的成长，你的朋友圈很可能会变小。你现在只有几个真正重要的朋友了)”及第4段中“Like humans, as these chimpanzees grew older, they increased the number of mutual friendships and decreased the number of one-sided friendships.(和人类一样，随着年龄的增长，这些黑猩猩的双向友谊数量有所增加，而单向友谊的数量则有所减少)”可知，人类和黑猩猩变老后都会更关注数量更少但更深厚的双向关系。故选D。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第5段中“These results question some aspects of the socioemotional selectivity theory. While humans have a sense of mortality, it is widely believed that chimpanzees do not.(这些结果对社会情绪选择理论的某些方面提出了质疑。人类有生命有限的意识，但人们普遍认为黑猩猩没有这种意识)”可知，黑猩猩没有生命有限的认知却仍出现社交关系的转变，这一点挑战了该理论。故选D。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第6段中Joan Silk的解释“Joan Silk, a professor not involved in the study, explained that it could be emotional reactivity, but that’s just a possible explanation, distinct from a complete explanation of how something works.(乔安·西尔克（Joan Silk）是一位未参与此项研究的教授，她解释说这可能是情绪反应性，但这只是一个可能的解释，并非对事物运作方式的完整说明)”可知，Joan Silk认为研究提出的解释（情绪反应性）只是一种可能性，并不完整，暗示这项研究的发现并不完备。故选B。 46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是文章开篇“As you grew up, your friendship circle most likely grew smaller. You now have just a few really important friendships.(随着你的成长，你的朋友圈很可能会变小。你现在只有几个真正重要的朋友了)”提出人类随年龄增长朋友变少的现象，并引出一个理论解释“One idea suggests that we become more selective about our friends because we become increasingly aware of our own mortality.(有一种观点认为，我们对朋友的选择越来越挑剔，因为我们越来越意识到自己终有一死)”。接着第3、4段重点介绍了一项对黑猩猩的长期研究，该研究发现了黑猩猩也有类似的社交变化，并在第5段对原有理论提出了质疑“These results question some aspects of the socioemotional selectivity theory. While humans have a sense of mortality, it is widely believed that chimpanzees do not.(这些结果对社会情绪选择理论的某些方面提出了质疑。人类有生命有限的意识，但人们普遍认为黑猩猩没有这种意识)”，最后在文章末尾“By studying our evolutionary cousins, we can learn more about our own behavior.(通过研究我们的进化表亲，我们可以更多地了解我们自己的行为)”指出这项研究为了解人类行为提供了新视角。 由此可知，文章围绕衰老与友谊展开，且借助黑猩猩的研究给出了新视角。A选项“衰老与友谊：来自黑猩猩的新见解”为最佳标题。故选A。 Section C Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Ants Best Humans at Test of Collective Intelligence When people work together, they can achieve great things. But if they can’t talk, they’re not necessarily smarter than ants, at least according to a study published this month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Both longhorn crazy ants and humans can figure out how to work together to move a large and heavy object through a series of obstacles. ____47____ They had individuals and groups of different sizes of both species move a T-shaped object through a tricky series of openings in walls, both of which were scaled to the body size of the participants. This kind of puzzle is hard for ants because their pheromone-based (基于信息素的) communication doesn’t account for the kind of geometry (几何) needed to get the object through the doors._____48_____ In some of the trials, they made the humans wear sunglasses and masks and forbade talking and gestures. So the people, like the ants, had to work together without language. They could only rely on the forces generated by their fellow participants to figure out how to move the T-shaped piece. ____49____ They exhibited what the researchers described as “emergent” collective memory, an intelligence greater than the sum of its parts. The groups of humans, on the other hand, often didn’t do better when working together, especially if they weren’t allowed to talk. In fact, multiple people sometimes performed worse than individuals — and worse than the ants. The researchers assume that, in the absence of the ability to discuss and debate, individuals attempt to reach an agreement quickly rather than fully assessing the problem. This group think, they suggest, leads people toward fruitless “greedy” efforts where they directly pull the T-shaped object toward the gaps in the wall, rather than the less obvious, correct solution of pulling the object into the space between first. ____50____ A. So scientists made the two compete against each other. B. The groups of ants were much better at solving the puzzle than individual ants. C. It was a bit like moving an awkwardly large couch through a narrow hallway or stairwell. D. To make the experiments even more comparable, the team also took away the humans’communication. E. Furthermore, when allowed to communicate, human groups performed about as well as the average individual in the group, so there was no advantage to teaming up. F. The ants “excel in cooperation,” they write, while humans need to be able to talk through their reasoning to avoid simply going with what they think the crowd wants. 【答案】47. A 48. D 49. B 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蚂蚁和人类在集体合作移动重物通过障碍的测试中的表现，发现蚂蚁在没有语言交流的情况下比人类更擅长合作。 【47题详解】 上文“Both longhorn crazy ants and humans can figure out how to work together to move a large and heavy object through a series of obstacles.(长角狂蚁和人类都能想出如何合作将一个又大又重的物体通过一系列障碍物)”说明长角狂蚁和人类都能协作移物过障碍。下文“They had individuals and groups of different sizes of both species move a T-shaped object through a tricky series of openings in walls, both of which were scaled to the body size of the participants.(他们让两种物种（长角狂蚁和人类）中不同规模的个体和群体移动一个T形物体，使其穿过墙壁上一系列复杂的开口，这些开口的尺寸均根据参与者的体型进行了调整)”说明对前面描述的事情做了实验研究，空处和前文为顺接关系，引出研究的具体实验方式。所以A项“于是科学家让两者进行比拼”承接上文，开启下文对实验的描述。故选A。 【48题详解】 上文“This kind of puzzle is hard for ants because their pheromone-based communication doesn’t account for the kind of geometry needed to get the object through the doors.(这种难题对蚂蚁来说十分棘手，因为它们基于信息素的交流方式，并不能解决物体穿过洞口所需的几何形状相关问题)”说明蚂蚁的交流方式有局限。空处和前文为递进关系，说明研究人员如何让人类和蚂蚁的实验条件更具可比性。所以D项“为了让实验更具可比性，研究团队还剥夺了人类的交流能力” 符合语境，且下文“forbade talking and gestures(禁止说话和做手势)”是对D项的具体解释。故选D。 【49题详解】 下文“They exhibited what the researchers described as “emergent”collective memory an intelligence greater than the sum of its parts. The groups of humans, on the other hand, often didn’t do better when working together, especially if they weren’t allowed to talk. In fact, multiple people sometimes performed worse than individuals — and worse than the ants.(它们展现出了研究人员所描述的“突现”集体记忆——一种比其各部分总和还要强大的智慧。而另一方面，人类群体在合作时往往表现不佳，尤其是在他们不被允许交流的情况下。事实上，多人合作时的表现有时比个人单独行动还要差——甚至比蚂蚁还要差)”说明将蚂蚁群体和人类群体的表现进行对比。空处应先介绍蚂蚁群体的表现，为下文对比做铺垫。B项“蚂蚁群体比单个蚂蚁更擅长解决这个难题”引出下文的对比内容，符合语境。故选B。 【50题详解】 上文“The researchers assume that, in the absence of the ability to discuss and debate, individuals attempt to reach an agreement quickly rather than fully assessing the problem. This group think, they suggest, leads people toward fruitless “greedy” efforts where they directly pull the T-shaped object toward the gaps in the wall, rather than the less obvious, correct solution of pulling the object into the space between first.(研究人员推测，在缺乏讨论和辩论能力的情况下，个体倾向于迅速达成一致，而非全面评估问题。他们指出，这种“群体思维”会使人们做出徒劳无功的“短视”尝试——直接将T形物体拉向墙上的缝隙，而非先将其拉入中间空间这一不那么显而易见却正确的解决方案)”分析了无交流时人类表现差的原因。空处和前文为总结关系，归纳蚂蚁和人类在协作能力上的差异。F项“研究人员写道，蚂蚁“擅长协作”，而人类需要通过语言梳理思路，才能避免盲从大众的想法”总结全文，符合语境。故选F。 II.Summary Writing 51. Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. The Fear of Taking Risks May Be Holding You Back Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. But even when these thoughts lack a rational (理性的) basis, we sometimes allow our anxiety to prevail (占上风). The problem is that we often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. However, learning to take healthy risks can improve your life. If you find yourself fearing to take healthy,calculated risks, there are two strategies that can help. To begin with, balance your emotions with logic.Too often, we think our fear is related to the level of the risk. The scarier something feels, the riskier it must be. Driving a car probably doesn’t feel risky, but giving a speech might feel like a huge risk. Yet your chances of injury or death are higher when you’re behind the wheel. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. Ask yourself, “What risk do I actually face? How can I handle it if it doesn’t work out?” In addition, increase your chances of success. There are steps you can take to reduce the risk that you face. Spend time practicing a speech before you deliver it, which could increase your chances of success. Rather than spend time trying to decrease your fear, put your energy into increasing your chances of success. Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. It also provides you with a chance to sharpen your skills and learn from your mistake. With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Fear of risks holds people back due to emotional rather than logical decision-making. However, two strategies are helpful. First, balance emotions with logic by assessing actual risk levels. Second, boost success chances by focusing on preparation. Facing fears helps build mental resilience, improve risk calculation, and enhance success likelihood. (49 words) 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了人们因受情绪影响害怕冒险而停滞不前，进而给出平衡情绪与逻辑、提升成功概率两种应对策略，同时说明直面恐惧的积极意义。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. ②We often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. ③Balance your emotions with logic. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. ④Increase your chances of success. Put your energy into increasing your chances of success. ⑤Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. ⑥With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. 2.缜密构思 将第①、②两个要点进行重组，作为开头。将第③、④要点进行整合，作为核心方法。最后将第⑤、⑥要点进行合并，作为总结。 3.遣词造句 Fear of risks holds people back due to emotional rather than logical decision-making. Balance emotions with logic by assessing actual risk levels. Boost success chances by focusing on preparation. Facing fears helps build mental resilience, improve risk calculation, and enhance success likelihood. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Fear of risks holds people back as they make decisions based on emotion rather than logic.(运用了as引导的原因状语从句，清晰阐明人们因情绪主导决策而受恐惧束缚的因果关系) 【高分句型2】However, healthy calculated risks benefit life, with two strategies: balancing emotions with logic by assessing actual risks and boosting success chances through preparation.(运用了with复合结构和并列动名词短语，with 引导的短语简洁引出应对策略，并列的动名词短语明确两种策略的具体做法，句式紧凑且信息完整) IV.Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets, 52. 坚持每天锻炼不仅能增强体质，还能缓解压力。（relieve）（汉译英） ____________________________________________ 【答案】Keeping exercising every day not only builds up one’s physical strength but also relieves stress. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态、主谓一致和固定短语。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；“坚持每天锻炼”用keep exercising every day，在句中作主语，动词keep应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母需大写；“不仅……还能……”，用固定短语not only…but also…，连接两个并列谓语；“增强体质”用bulid up one’s physical strength，动名词作主语时，谓语动词应用单数，动词build应变为builds；“缓解压力”用relieve stress，动词relieve作并列谓语，也应用单三形式relieves。故翻译为Keeping exercising every day not only builds up one’s physical strength but also relieves stress. 53. 每每回想起小时候和外婆度过的快乐时光，他都情不自禁地感到温暖。（Every time）（汉译英） ____________________________________________ 【答案】Every time he recalls the happy days spent with his grandmother in his childhood, he can’t help feeling warm. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句、时态、主谓一致、非谓语动词和固定短语。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；根据提示可知，“每每”用Every time，在句中引导时间状语从句，“他”用人称代词he，作从句主语；“回想起”用recall，作从句谓语，主语he为第三人称单数，故recall变为recalls；“快乐时光”用the happy days，作从句宾语；“小时候和外婆度过的”作后置定语修饰the happy days，应用spend with his grandmother in his childhood，其中动词spend与逻辑主语the happy days之间为被动关系，故应用其过去分词形式spent；“他”用人称代词he，作主句主语，“情不自禁做某事”为固定短语can’t help doing sth.，“感到温暖”用feel warm，feel应变为feeling。故翻译为Every time he recalls the happy days spent with his grandmother in his childhood, he can’t help feeling warm. 54. 近年来，该地区牛奶消耗量稳步堤升，足见民众的健康意识已然深入人心。(which) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 【答案】In recent years, milk consumption in this region has been rising steadily, which clearly indicates that people’s health awareness has been deeply rooted. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句、宾语从句和时态。“近年来”可译为in recent years，所在句应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；“该地区牛奶消耗量稳步提升”表示从过去到现在一直发生的动作，故应用现在完成进行时；“牛奶消耗量”可译为milk consumption，作主语，谓语应用单数，副词steadily表示“稳步地”，故该部分译为In recent years, milk consumption in this region has been rising steadily。“足见民众的健康意识已然深入人心”可理解为“清楚地表明人们的健康意识已经深深地扎根”，可用which引导的非限制性定语从句表达，修饰前面的主句，在从句中作主语，该句表达客观现实，故应用一般现在时，谓语动词为单数；动词indicate表示“表明”，作谓语，后可接以that引导的宾语从句，表示“民众的健康意识已经深深扎根”，从句表示从过去到现在已经完成的动作，故应用现在完成时，主语是“民众的健康意识”，可译为people’s health awareness，动词root表示“扎根于”，与主语之间应为被动关系，表示“意识被扎根”，且谓语为单数形式，故该部分译为which clearly indicates that people’s health awareness has been deeply rooted。故全句译为In recent years, milk consumption in this region has been rising steadily, which clearly indicates that people’s health awareness has been deeply rooted.。 55. 为使这款产品在竞争激烈的市场中脱颖而出，公司负责人建议把传统文化融入到产品的设计理念中。(integrate) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 【答案】To make this product stand out in the fiercely competitive market, the company’s leader suggested integrating traditional culture into the design concept of the product. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。“使……脱颖而出”用动词短语make...stand out，宾语“这款产品”用this product，地点状语“在竞争激烈的市场中”用介词短语in the fiercely competitive market，且“为使这款产品在竞争激烈的市场中脱颖而出”表目的，应动词不定式形式to make this product stand out in the fiercely competitive market作目的状语；主语“公司负责人”用the company’s leader，谓语“建议”用动词suggest，描述过去的行为，用一般过去时态suggested，“把传统文化融入到产品的设计理念中”用动词短语integrate traditional culture into the design concept of the product，用动名词形式作宾语。综上，全句译为：To make this product stand out in the fiercely competitive market, the company’s leader suggested integrating traditional culture into the design concept of the product. V.Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是中华中学的高三学生张晶，你校英文报正在开展“AI and Our Life”的主题征文活动。 你有意参加，你的征文内容须包括： 1.具体描述一次你使用AI 的经历和感受; 2.谈谈你对高中学生使用AI 的看法和建议。 注：文中不得透露你的真实信息。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As a senior student, I once used an AI learning tool for a challenging physics problem. Instead of simply providing answers, it guided me through detailed explanations and practical examples. I was impressed by its round-the-clock availability and patience, which transformed my frustration into a productive learning experience. I believe AI offers significant benefits to high school students when used appropriately. It can act as a personalized tutor, making complex topics easier to grasp. However, excessive reliance may undermine our ability to think independently. Therefore, I suggest treating AI as a supplementary tool rather than a shortcut. Always attempt problems on your own before turning to AI for verification or further insight. Ultimately, true understanding stems from our own efforts — AI should only assist, not replace the learning process. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以中华中学高三学生张晶的名义向校英文报投稿，围绕“AI and Our Life”主题分享使用AI的经历，并阐述对高中生使用AI的看法与建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 沮丧：frustration → discouragement/ depression 依赖：reliance → dependence 有挑战性的，有难度的：challenging → demanding 辅助的：supplementary → supportive/ auxiliary 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Instead of simply providing answers, it guided me through detailed explanations and practical examples. 拓展句：Instead of simply providing the answer, it guided me through detailed explanations and practical examples, which turned my confusion into clear understanding and made the abstract concepts much easier to grasp. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I was impressed by its round-the-clock availability and patience, which transformed my frustration into a productive learning experience. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】I believe AI offers significant benefits to high school students when used appropriately. (运用了省略that的宾语从句和状语从句的省略) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $