知识必备 句子成分和六大基本句型-【众相原创·赋能中考】2026年中考英语课堂精讲册（人教版 陕西专用）

二、句法 专题八简单句 Y///I//I1W 知识必备 句子成分和六大基本句型I 句子成分 成分 作用 位置 例句 主语 动作的执行者或被描述的对象 放在句首，动词之前 I love my mother. 谓语 对主语的行为和状态加以 主语后 The teacher praised me. 陈述 I can dance. 宾语 动作的对象或承受者 动词或介词后 John likes singing. 宾语补 补充说明宾语的动作、身份或 足语 状态等 宾语后 I find this story interesting. 表语 说明主语的性质、状态或特征 系动词之后 She is my mother. 般放在所修饰的成分之前， 对名词或代词进行修饰或限 The woman with a baby in her 定语 不定式、短语或从句放在所修 定的词、词组或句子 arms is my mother. 饰的成分之后 表示动作的时间、地点、方式、 位置灵活：一般修饰形容词或 状语 原因、目的等，用于修饰动词、 副词时放在其前，修饰动词时 I love my mother deeply. 形容词、副词或整个句子 放在其前后均可 一个名词对另一个名词或代 同位语 名词或代词之后 We students should study hard 词进行解释或补充说明 六大基本句型 只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫作简单句。简单句的六大 基本句型如下： 句型一：主语+谓语 They walked and laughed. 他们边走边笑。 主语 谓语 该句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，如：work,jump,arrive,come,die,cy,happen等，动词本身能 表达完整的意思，其后无需跟宾语。 句型二：主语+谓语+宾语 I don't know what to do. 我不知道做什么。 主语谓语 宾语 谓语是及物动词时，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能表达出完整的意思。其宾语常由名词/代词/ 动词不定式/动名词/从句等充当。 句型三：主语+系动词+表语 That pie looks good. 那个馅饼看上去不错。 主语 系动词 表语 He became a doctor 他成为了一名医生。 主语系动词 表语 谓语是系动词时，不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个体现主语特征、身份、状态的表语。系动词一 般可分为下列两类： 165 ①表示特征/存在状态：be,seem,feel,look,smell,taste,sound等。 ②表示状态变化：become,get,turn,go,un,fall,come,gow等。 句型四：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 He told me where to buy the ticket. 主语谓语 他告诉我去哪里买票。 间接宾语 直接宾语 My father bought me a new bike. 主语谓语 间接宾语直接宾语 我爸爸给我买了一辆新的自行车。 直接宾语常由表示物的名词来充当；间接宾语多由指人的名词/代词充当。后接双宾语结构的常见 动词：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。 )易错点 若将直接宾语置于间接宾语前，则在变换时要加介词to或for。如： My father bought me a new bike yesterday.My father bought a new bike for me yesterday. 昨天，我爸爸给我买了一辆新的自行车。 句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 can hear someone playing the violin 我能听见有人正在拉小提琴。 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 We must keep our school clean. 我们必须保持我们的学校整洁。 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语 补足语 名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。 句型六：存现句（新课标） There is a tree behind the shop There be 在这家店铺的后面有一棵树。 名词 地点状语 )易错点 有两个及两个以上的主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”。 111111114444 陕西近6年中考解读1/11/1 简单句主要在完形填空第一节、短文填空和补全对话中考查。具体如下表： 年份 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026预测 考查点 一般疑问句 77 77 78 76 76 特殊疑问句 23,78,79 78,79 76,78,79 77,79 77,78 77,78 感叹句 25 / 一 / 存现句 69 / / 分数占比 6分 3分 3分 3分 3分 3分 课标导图抓核心I/// 般疑问句 祈使句的基本句型： Do型，Be型，Let型，No型，Never型 特殊疑问句 疑问句 祈使句 祈使句的用法 选择疑问句 简单句 存现句的句式结构 How引导 What引导 感叹句 存现句 存现句的时态 存现句的就近原则 166专题八简单句 考点2状语从句 考点1疑问句 1.B2.A3.C4.D5.B6.A7.B8.A9.D 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.No,I won't 9.Sunday 10.How long have you been in the sports club 10.C11.B12.A13.B 11.How many pets do you have 12.How often does your school 考点3定语从句 have the sports meeting 13.Yes,she does 1.B2.B3.C4.D5.A6.B7.A8.A 考点2感叹句 1.A 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.How cute/lovely 6.What an ★视野拓展练 7.What heavy 8.How wonderful/excellent I.1.My family and I visited Xi'an last summer vacation. 考点3祈使句 1.Make sure 2.turn it down 3.No photos/Don't take photos 2.We saw many old buildings there.3.How beautiful they are! 4.Don't cross 5.give up 6.Let's eat 7.Be careful 4.We also tried many delicious local snacks.5.It was an unfor- 8.Look at gettable trip full of joy and memories.6.I have made some plans to 考点4存现句(There be结构) 1.There is 2.There aren't 3.will be 4.have been improve myself.7.I plan to study hard to get better grades. 5.There are 6.there will be 7.There was 8.Is there going to 8.I will get up early and run for half an hour every day.9.I will be/Will there be spend more time with my family and friends.10.I will try my best 专题九并列复合句 1.C2.A3.B4.A to achieve them step by step. 专题十主从复合句 II.1.don't believe 2.so that 3.How can 考点1宾语从句 4.pay attention 5.What a meaningful way we found! 1.B2.D3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.C 主题练习册 第一部分 课标主题分层练 主题1人与社会：和谐家庭与社区生活 student of this school 3.What's your name 4.Which grade are 一阶语境小题基础练 you in 5.How long can I keep these books I.1.lovely/cute girl 2.being/becoming a musician 二阶主题语篇提升练 3.practices 4.learned to cook 5.tastes very)delicious I.1-5 DCDAC 6-10 BBDCA II.1.Whose dog is it 2.How often do they go there Ⅱ.1-4DBAC 3.Who is the boy 4.Because he is funny/humorous/... IlI.1.asking (two)questions 2.different learning experiences 5.Where is he from/Where does he come from 3.Being outside 4.curiosity 5.The School Trip Is Important 二阶主题语篇提升练 【一材多问】6.B I.1-5 CACBC 6-10 BADAD 主题4人与自然：热爱与敬畏自然， Ⅱ.1-3CAC 与自然和谐共生 IlI.1.plan 2.invited 3.rubbish 4.colorful 5.was 一阶语境小题基础练 6.delicious 7.first 8.games 9.happily 10.closer I.1.went for/on a picnic 2.several bottles of 3.a nice/good/ 主题2人与自我：货币常识，理财意识， great place 4.flew kites 5.wonderful day 理性消费，信用维护 II.1.Where did you go 2.I went with my classmates 3.Why 一阶语境小题基础练 did you do that 4.I think you are so great/You did a good job 5.Sure/Okay/No problem/... I.1.every two weeks 2.clean/sweep his room 3.spends 4.buying gifts/presents 5.carefully 二阶主题语篇提升练 I.1-5 ABAAC 6-10 BDDCA II.1.Can I help you 2.What would you like/What do you want to 【一材多问11.D buy 3.She likes reading books 4.How much (is it)5.Thank Ⅱ.1-5 ADEBC you/Thanks/... 【一材多问】6.B 二阶主题语篇提升练 Ⅲ.1-3CCA I.1-5 BADDB 6-10 CBACC 主题5人与自我：饮食与健康 II.1.more 2.usually 3.lessons 4.start 5.tradition 6.beautiful 7.written 8.their 9.have 10.meaning 一阶语境小题基础练 主题3人与自我：多彩、安全、 I.1.doesn't feel 2.something wrong 3.carefully 4.take medicine 5.healthy eating 有意义的学校生活 II.1.Was there anything new 2.Do you often exercise/Do you 一阶语境小题基础练 always exercise/...3.What/How about you/...4.Yes/I agree/I I.1.an interesting/a fun class 2.In the class i think so/...5.See you 3.to communicate 4.improved 5.share with 二阶主题语篇提升练 II.1.May I help you/What can I do for you/...2.Are you a I.1.went 2.hospital's 3.them 4.share 5.changes 6