精品解析：山东省威海经区2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末考试英语试题

2024-2025学年度第一学期质量检测 初四英语 温馨提示： 1.本试题为笔试题，共80分。考试时间为90分钟。 2.请考生将信息填写在答题区上。考试结束后只交答题卷。请自己保管好试卷。 祝你考试成功! 一、阅读理解(共两节，合计20小题，计20分) 第一节：阅读选择(共15小题，每小题1分)。 阅读A、B、C三篇短文，根据短文内容，从每小题所给的三个选项中选择最佳答案。 请将答案填写到答题卡指定位置。 A In 1419, a clockmaker named Filippo Brunelleschi started work on a very difficult project. He was building the dome of Florence’s main cathedral, the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore. For 1,500 years, the world’s largest dome belonged to the Pantheon in Rome. Brunelleschi’s job was to build one even larger. The building of the cathedral began in 1296. By 1359, much of it was complete, but no one knew how to build its dome. Many builders could build concrete (混凝土) domes. However, the dome in Florence needed to be wider than any dome ever built. A concrete dome would be too heavy and would easily fall. The cathedral, therefore, remained unfinished for many years. Filippo Brunelleschi promised to find a solution. He said he would build two domes, an inner dome made of stone and an outer one made of light bricks. He would use lighter materials as he worked upwards. Strong rings made of stone, wood, and iron would hold everything together. Brunelleschi also had to find a way to lift the materials high into the air. What did he do? He invented a new machine to do the job. Building the dome took 16 years. Brunelleschi had done something no one else could. However, he left no pictures of his design. So even today’s experts don’t fully understand how this incredible structure was built. 1. Which of the following is NOT given as a reason the dome was difficult to build? A. No one had ever built a dome from concrete before. B. No one had built such a wide dome before. C. Materials needed to be lifted high into the air. 2. What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? A. To argue another side of an issue. B. To provide background information. C. To explain a solution to a problem. 3. What is NOT true about Filippo Brunelleschi? A. He built two domes for the cathedral. B. He wanted to build the dome using only one material. C. He invented a machine that lifted things into the air. 4. The following sentence would best be placed at the end of which paragraph? As a result, there was a large hole in the cathedral’s roof. A. Paragraph 2. B. Paragraph 3. C. Paragraph 4. 5. Why don’t we fully understand how the dome was built? A. Brunelleschi didn’t leave any pictures of his design. B. It is covered in concrete and therefore difficult to study. C. The dome has been rebuilt many times over the years. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了文艺复兴时期建筑师菲利波·布鲁内莱斯基成功建造佛罗伦萨圣母百花大教堂穹顶的过程，包括他所面临的工程难题、创新的双层结构与施工方案，以及其设计至今仍留下未解之谜。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many builders could build concrete (混凝土) domes.”可知，许多建造者都会建混凝土穹顶，所以A选项“以前从来没有人用混凝土建造过穹顶。”不属于圆顶建造困难的原因。故选A。 【2题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Filippo Brunelleschi promised to find a solution. He said he would build two domes, an inner dome made of stone and an outer one made of light bricks. He would use lighter materials as he worked upwards. Strong rings made of stone, wood, and iron would hold everything together.”可知，本段描述了布鲁内莱斯基提出的双层穹顶、轻质材料、加固环等方案，目的是解释对建造难题的解决方案。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“He said he would build two domes, an inner dome made of stone and an outer one made of light bricks...Strong rings made of stone, wood, and iron would hold everything together.”可知，文中提到他用了石、砖、木、铁等多种材料，未说只用一种，因此B项错误。故选B。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据“As a result, there was a large hole in the cathedral’s roof.”可知，该句表示“因此，大教堂屋顶上有一个大洞”，这是穹顶建造难题带来的结果。第二段结尾说“大教堂因此多年未完工”，正好与之衔接。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, he left no pictures of his design. So even today’s experts don’t fully understand how this incredible structure was built.”可知，布鲁内莱斯基没有留下任何设计图，所以专家至今不完全理解它是如何建成的。故选A。 B Great progress has been made in technology by now. It seems like everything has been greatly improved. But there is one thing unlike them. It was invented over 100 years ago but remained unchanged until now. I’m talking about a blind walking stick. The white stick has been used by many blind people for a long time. However, it hasn’t really been improved, until a blind engineer named Kursat decided to do something to change that. He hoped his invention would help the blind. He invented a smart stick called the WeWalk. The smart stick uses built-in speakers and different sensors (传感) to warn about possible dangers. It helps blind people in navigation (导航) around their environment. It makes their travel much easier. The stick is priced at around $500. It is less than half the price of most smart phones. Most people can afford it. This invention is going to change life a lot for the blind. Kursat well understands the difficulties that the blind face. That’s because he is blind himself. He decided to put his knowledge of technology into inventing something. It would not only change his life, but also the life of many others. “In these days, we are talking about flying cars. But the blind have been using just a simple stick. As a blind person, when I am at the bus stop, I don’t know which bus is coming or which stores are around me. Now, that kind of information can be provided by the WeWalk,” he said, “I believe life of the blind will be much easier and safer.” 6. Why did Kursat invent the WeWalk? A. To become an engineer. B. To help the blind. C. To change the world. 7. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A. The name of the smart stick. B. The reason for inventing the WeWalk. C. The introduction of the WeWalk. 8. What does Para. 4 mainly want to tell us? A. Kursat is a creative and caring person. B. Kursat knows the knowledge of technology. C. Kursat has many difficulties in his life. 9. Which of the following is Kursat’s idea? A. Flying cars are more important than the WeWalk. B. With the WeWalk, the blind can find their way more easily. C. The WeWalk can solve all the problems for the blind. 10. What can be inferred about the passage? A. It may be from a magazine about science. B. It may be written for the teenagers. C. It encourages the blind to buy the WeWalk. 【答案】6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文，讲述盲人工程师Kursat因自身经历，发明了智能盲杖WeWalk，介绍了其功能、价格，以及这项发明对盲人生活的改变。 6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第2段“He hoped his invention would help the blind.”可知，Kursat发明WeWalk是为了帮助盲人。故选B。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第3段，内容围绕WeWalk的功能（用扬声器和传感器预警危险、辅助导航）、价格（约500美元）展开，是对WeWalk的介绍。故选C。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第4段“Kursat well understands the difficulties that the blind face... put his knowledge of technology into inventing something... change his life, but also the life of many others.”可知，他是有创造力且有爱心的人。故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Now, that kind of information can be provided by the WeWalk... I believe life of the blind will be much easier and safer.”可知，Kursat认为WeWalk能帮助盲人更轻松地认路。故选B。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。文章介绍的是智能盲杖这一科技发明，这类内容通常出现在科学类杂志中。故选A。 C Nature has so much to teach us. It’s filled with clever designs and smart systems that humans can learn from. There is even a special name for when we learn from nature. This field of study is called biomimicry. Biomimicry is when scientists and engineers study how animals and plants work in nature, then try to copy these clever designs to solve problems or make their own designs better. One of the most well known examples of biomimicry is the invention of Velcro. An engineer noticed how burrs, a spiky seed, stuck to his clothes and his dog’s hair after a walk one day. He got out a microscope to look more closely at how this was possible. He saw that the burrs had thousands of tiny hooks (钩子) attached to the clothes. This inspired him to create velcro, which used the same clever design. Let’s look at a bird called the kingfisher. When hunting for fish, it dives beak first at high speeds into the water. It barely makes a splash. Inspired by this, an engineer redesigned the front of the famous Japanese bullet train into the same shape as the kingfisher’s beak. The train is now more streamlined, quieter, and travels faster than before. Another example is the blade of a wind turbine (涡轮机). Scientists took inspiration from the shape of a bird’s wing. Now they’re looking at whale fins and maple seeds to improve the design. They want the blades to be able to move easily through the air, even when there is less wind. A whale fin doesn’t have smooth edges, but rather small bumps (凸起) along the side called tubercles. This design makes it easier for the fin to cut through water. Adapting these features to the blade of the wind turbine could make for more efficient energy generation. There is so much information in nature that can help us solve problems and design better. We just have to pay attention and look closely. 11. What does the underlined word “biomimicry” mean in Para 2? A 生态学 B. 生物学 C. 仿生学 12. How does the writer develop the passage from Para 3 to Para 5? A. By giving 3 examples. B. By telling 3 stories. C. By showing 3 pictures. 13. What was a Japanese engineer inspired by to redesign the front of the bullet train? A. The burrs with hooks. B. The kingfisher’s beak. C. A bird’s wing. 14. Which of the following statements is right? A. An engineer’s dog inspired him to create velcro. B. Scientists designed the blade of the wind turbine into the same shape as a bird’s wing. C. The blade of the wind turbine can cut through water easily like a whale fin. 15. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To call on people to protect nature and love animals. B. To tell people to pay attention and learn from nature. C. To help people solve more design problems. 【答案】11. C 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了仿生学的概念，并通过多个例子说明人类如何从自然界中获取灵感，解决实际问题并改进设计，强调了向自然学习的重要性。 【11题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Biomimicry is when scientists and engineers study how animals and plants work in nature, then try to copy these clever designs to solve problems or make their own designs better.”可知，仿生学是科学家和工程师研究动植物在自然界中的工作方式，然后尝试复制这些巧妙的设计来解决问题或改进自己的设计，所以“biomimicry”意思是“仿生学”。故选C。 12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“One of the most well known examples of biomimicry is the invention of Velcro.”、第四段“Let’s look at a bird called the kingfisher.”以及第五段“Another example is the blade of a wind turbine (涡轮机).”可知，作者从第三段到第五段通过给出三个例子来展开文章。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Inspired by this, an engineer redesigned the front of the famous Japanese bullet train into the same shape as the kingfisher’s beak.”可知，一位日本工程师受到翠鸟喙的启发，重新设计了子弹头列车的前部。故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Scientists took inspiration from the shape of a bird’s wing. Now they’re looking at whale fins and maple seeds to improve the design.”可知，科学家们从鸟翼的形状中获得灵感，设计了风力涡轮机的叶片。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“There is so much information in nature that can help us solve problems and design better. We just have to pay attention and look closely.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要目的是告诉人们要关注自然并从自然中学习。故选B。 第二节：短文还原(共5小题，每小题1分)。 阅读D篇，从下面六个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整，每个选项限用一次，有一项为多余选项。 D Anyone can benefit (受益) from personal growth. Not all personal growth has to be lengthy processes. I can share five skills for enabling personal growth. ___16___ Before taking part in an important project or task, take 60 seconds to ask or to find out the difference between good and great. If the definition of great is such that it requires you learning new things, you just build yourself a mini-learning plan. Growth will follow. ___17___ Growth stops when you’re not in the mood (情绪) to invest in it. I tell myself when I’m in a bad mood that it’s just a bad mood, and it reminds me that I don’t actually have bigger problems. I have to stay open to learn something new. ___18___ Before your next conversation, remind yourself to be interested in what the other person has to say, not focus on (关注) what you could say next. ___19___ When we’re arguing for our point of view, we’re listening the least. We focus on trying to find faults in the other’s argument rather than keeping an open mind and trying to learn something from the other’s perspective. ___20___ Before you start work on Mondays, ask yourself three “What” questions: “What do I need to learn this week to advance my goals? What do I want to learn to advance my cause? What am I interested to learn to feed my curiosity? In one minute, you’ve prioritized your learning goals for the week. A. Focus on your mood B. Start your week with three “Whats” C. What good and great look like D. Listen to understand, not to convince (说服) E. Be interested, not interesting F. How you feel is not how things are 【答案】16. C 17. F 18. E 19. D 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了促进个人成长的五项技能。 【16题详解】 根据“Before taking part in an important project or task, take 60 seconds to ask or to find out the difference between good and great. If the definition of great is such that it requires you learning new things, you just build yourself a mini - learning plan. Growth will follow.”可知，此段主要围绕在参与重要项目或任务前，弄清楚好与伟大的区别展开，若伟大要求学习新事物就制定小学习计划，成长会随之而来。选项C“好和伟大是什么样的”符合语境。故选C。 【17题详解】 根据“Growth stops when you’re not in the mood (情绪) to invest in it. I tell myself when I’m in a bad mood that it’s just a bad mood, and it reminds me that I don’t actually have bigger problems. I have to stay open to learn something new.”可知，此段重点讲述当没有情绪投入时成长会停止，在坏情绪时要提醒自己这只是坏情绪，并非有更大问题，要保持开放心态学习新事物。选项F“你的感受并不代表事情的真实情况”符合语境。故选F。 【18题详解】 根据“Before your next conversation, remind yourself to be interested in what the other person has to say, not focus on (关注) what you could say next.”可知，此段强调在下次对话前，要提醒自己对对方的话感兴趣，而不是关注自己接下来要说什么。选项E“要感兴趣，而不是让自己有趣”符合语境。故选E。 【19题详解】 根据“When we’re arguing for our point of view, we’re listening the least. We focus on trying to find faults in the other’s argument rather than keeping an open mind and trying to learn something from the other’s perspective.”可知，此段指出当我们为自己的观点争论时，很少倾听，专注于找对方论点的错误，而不是保持开放心态从对方角度学习。选项D“倾听是为了理解，而不是为了说服”符合语境。故选D。 【20题详解】 根据“Before you start work on Mondays, ask yourself three ‘What’ questions: ‘What do I need to learn this week to advance my goals? What do I want to learn to advance my cause? What am I interested to learn to feed my curiosity? In one minute, you’ve prioritized your learning goals for the week.”可知，此段主要讲述在周一开始工作前，问自己三个“什么”问题，在一分钟内确定本周的学习目标优先级。选项B“以三个‘什么’开启你的一周”符合语境。故选B。 二、语言知识运用(共4节，合计27小题，计33分) 第一节：完形填空(共6小题，每小题1分)。 阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The salmon (大麻哈鱼) is a very strange fish. It is born in a river. But the young salmon takes 2 years to swim down the rivers towards the Pacific Ocean. For ___21___ 2 years it lives in the sea and becomes full-grown. Then it returns to the river where it was born. The female salmon will not lay the eggs in the Pacific Ocean. When it is almost time to lay them, both male and female salmon begin a great ___22___. Each salmon is heading for the river where it was born. A salmon may be a thousand miles from ___23___ its life began, yet it is able to return to that place. As the salmon swim, larger fish attack them. The salmon are food for some other fish. Some ___24___ by fishermen. The salmon that are left keep swimming. If rocks and waterfalls are in their way, the salmon leap (跳) over them. A salmon can leap up a fall as high as ten feet. It leaps by swimming at full speed underwater, then ___25___ to the surface. Almost the whole body of a salmon is made of muscle (肌肉). It is these ___26___ muscles that make the salmon fit for fast swimming, turning quickly, and leaping high out of the water. 21. A. other B. another C. the other 22. A. ceremony B. effort C. journey 23. A. where B. which C. when 24. A. are caught B. are bought C. are taken 25. A. supporting B. rising C. pulling 26. A. smooth B. valuable C. powerful 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍大麻哈鱼的生活习性，包括洄游过程、天敌及强健肌肉赋予的运动能力。 【21题详解】 句意：接下来的另外2年它生活在海里并长成成年鱼 other其他；another另一个 (三者或三者以上中的另一个)；the other另一个 (两者中的另一个)。根据上文“the young salmon takes 2 years to swim down the rivers towards the Pacific Ocean.”以及“For...2 years it lives in the sea”可知，这里说的是接下来的另外2年，“another + 数词 + 名词”表示“另外的……”。故选B。 【22题详解】 句意：当差不多到产卵时间时，雄性和雌性大麻哈鱼都开始一段伟大的旅程。 ceremony仪式；effort努力；journey旅程。根据下文“Each salmon is heading for the river where it was born.”可知，这里说的是开始一段旅程。故选C。 【23题详解】 句意：一条大麻哈鱼可能离它生命开始的地方有一千英里远，但它仍能回到那个地方。 where哪里；which哪一个；when什么时候。根据语境可知，“its life began”(它生命开始) 是修饰先行词“the place”(那个地方) 的定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故选A。 【24题详解】 句意：一些被渔民捕获。 are caught被捕获；are bought被买；are taken被带走。根据上文“The salmon are food for some other fish.”以及语境可知，这里说的是一些大麻哈鱼的困境，指被渔民捕获。故选A。 【25题详解】 句意：它通过在水下全速游泳，然后上升到水面来跳跃。 supporting支持；rising上升；pulling拉。根据上文“It leaps by swimming at full speed underwater”以及“to the surface”可知，这里说的是上升到水面。故选B。 【26题详解】 句意：正是这些强壮的肌肉使大麻哈鱼适合快速游泳、快速转弯和从水中高高跃起。 smooth光滑的；valuable有价值的；powerful强壮的。根据上文“Almost the whole body of a salmon is made of muscle.”以及语境可知，此处是指强壮的肌肉。故选C。 第二节：选词填空(共7小题;每小题1分)。 根据短文内容，选择适当的单词或短语填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项限用一次， 有一项为多余选项。请将答案序号写在指定位置上。 A. thousands of standards；B. together；C. reusable； D. However； E. For example； F. separated；G. sixth；H. At that point US company SpaceX successfully completed its fifth test flight of Starship on Oct 13, 2024. This helped SpaceX get closer to making ___27___ rockets. The 122-meter-tall Starship has two parts: the Starship spacecraft (太空飞船) and the Super Heavy rocket. The rocket’s 33 engines (引擎) gave a strong push. About seven minutes after launch, the two parts ___28___ at around 70 kilometers above Earth. Then, the rocket’s booster (助推器) made itself “stand up” in the air and started to fall slowly. ___29___, two big mechanical arms (机械臂) from the launch tower, like “chopsticks”, “caught” the booster. Starship is made to send astronauts to the moon, Mars and beyond. SpaceX engineers have been working on it and testing it for many years. They made sure both the booster and the tower met ___30___. If standards has not been met, the booster would have been directed to drop in the Gulf of Mexico. SpaceX has been growing quickly since it started in 2002. This is partly thanks to its “fail fast, learn fast” working style. ___31___, Starship’s first three test flights failed because of problems like explosions (爆炸) or losing contact. ___32___, these failures helped engineers get data and make progress. This is different from the traditional way organizations, like NASA operate. They spend a lot of time planning for possible problems before a launch. SpaceX already plans to do a ___33___ fight, which will likely happen soon. 【答案】27. C 28. F 29. H 30. A 31. E 32. D 33. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了SpaceX公司成功完成其星舰火箭第五次测试飞行的情况，并说明了其实现火箭可回收的关键技术、设计目的以及“快速失败、快速学习”的创新工作模式。 【27题详解】 句意：这有助于太空探索技术公司接近制造可重复使用的火箭。分析句子“This helped SpaceX get closer to making…rockets.”，结合语境和备选词可知，此处应填入reusable，形容词，作定语，修饰名词rockets，意为“可重复使用的”，表达这有助于太空探索技术公司接近制造可重复使用的火箭。故填C。 【28题详解】 句意：发射后大约7分钟，两部分在地球上空大约70公里处分离。根据后文“Then, the rocket’s booster (助推器) made itself ‘stand up’ in the air and started to fall slowly.”，结合常识和备选词可知，下文提到助推器开始下落，此处应指飞船与火箭分离，填入separated，作谓语。故填F。 【29题详解】 句意：在那一刻，两只巨大的机械臂从发射塔架上伸出，像“筷子”一样，“抓住”了助推器。根据前一句“Then, the rocket’s booster (助推器) made itself ‘stand up’ in the air and started to fall slowly.”和“..., two big mechanical arms (机械臂) from the launch tower, like ‘chopsticks’, ‘caught’ the booster.”可知，前句描述助推器开始下落，后句说机械臂“抓住”了它。这里需要一个词来引出“抓住”这个动作发生的时刻或条件。At that point，介词短语，意为“在那一刻”符合语境。故填H。 【30题详解】 句意：他们确保助推器和发射塔都符合数千项标准。根据后一句“If standards has not been met, the booster would have been directed to drop in the Gulf of Mexico.”，结合备选词可知，助推器会被引导坠入墨西哥湾”的假设，这里应指严格的标准或规范，填入thousands of standards，意为“数千项标准”符合语境。故填A。 【31题详解】 句意：例如，Starship的前三次试飞都因为类似爆炸的问题而失败(爆炸)或者失联。根据前一句“This is partly thanks to its ‘fail fast, learn fast’ working style.”和“…Starship’s first three test flights failed because of problems like explosions (爆炸) or losing contact.”可知，前句提到“快速失败、快速学习”的工作风格，空格后具体举例说明星舰的前三次测试因各种问题失败，这里需要引出例子的连接词，结合备选词，for example，介词短语，意为“例如”符合语境，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填E。 【32题详解】 句意：然而，这些失败帮助工程师获得数据并取得进展。根据前一句“Starship’s first three test flights failed because of problems like explosions (爆炸) or losing contact.”和“…, these failures helped engineers get data and make progress.”可知，前句说前三次测试失败了，空格后说这些失败帮助工程师获取数据并取得进步。前后是转折关系，失败却带来了积极结果，结合备选词，however，连词，位于句首，首字母要大写，表转折关系，意为“然而”符合语境。故填D。 【33题详解】 句意：太空探索技术公司已经计划做第六次战斗，这可能很快就会发生。根据前文“US company SpaceX successfully completed its fifth test flight of Starship on Oct 13, 2024.”，结合备选词可知，文章开头提到刚完成第五次，所以接下来应该是第六次，所以此处应填入sixth，意为“第六次”，表达太空探索技术公司已经计划做第六次战斗，这可能很快就会发生。故填G。 第三节：语法填空(共8小题，每小题1分)。 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号中所给词的正确形式。 In January, a new law which is called the Plastic Pollution Reduction Act ___34___ (pass) in Colorado, US. This law stops the use of styrofoam containers (聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料容器) and single-use plastic bags. Madhvi Chittoor, a Grade 8 student, worked on this for seven years. When Chittoor was five years old, she watched the eco-documentary Midway: A Plastic Island. It ___35___ (show) a far-away Pacific island filled with trash washed up from around the world. After she saw the ___36___ (island) seabirds and fish eating plastic, she knew something needed to change. “I cried the night,” Chittoor, now 13, said to PEOPLE, “and told my mom, ‘I ___37___ (real) want to do something about this’.” Since then, she ___38___ (try) her best to show people the best sides of plastic pollution and to push policymakers (决策人) to create laws that stop the use of plastic. She published a children’s book called Is Plastic My Food? and has even met some famous people. “I spoke with so many ___39___ (busy) owners and nearly 30 mayors all over Colorado, even in faraway areas,” said Chittoor. “And they all supported it. I was excited and happy when it passed.” Now she ___40___ (help) lawmakers stop the use of “forever chemicals” in things like non-stick pans and fake grass. She will continue on the long road to fight ___41___ plastic pollution. 【答案】34. was passed 35. shows 36. island’s 37. really 38. has tried 39. business 40. is helping 41. against 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国科罗拉多州八年级学生Madhvi Chittoor为减少塑料污染而努力推动立法，并取得成果的故事。 【34题详解】 句意：1月，美国科罗拉多州通过了一项名为《塑料污染减少法案》新法律。主语“a new law”与动词“pass”是被动关系，且时间“In January”为过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态，用was passed。故填was passed。 【35题详解】 句意：它展示了一个遥远的太平洋岛屿，岛上堆满了来自世界各地的垃圾。主语“It”指代前文的纪录片，此处指记录片的内容，用一般现在时，主语为“It”，用shows。故填shows。 【36题详解】 句意：在她看到岛上的海鸟和鱼吃塑料后，她知道需要改变一些事情。空后“seabirds and fish”是名词短语，需用所有格形式表示所属关系，用island’s。故填island’s。 【37题详解】 句意：我真的很想为此做点什么。空后“want”为动词，需用副词修饰，real的副词形式为really。故填really。 【38题详解】 句意：从那以后，她一直竭尽全力向人们揭露塑料污染的危害，并推动决策人制定禁止使用塑料的相关法律。根据“Since then”可知，时态为现在完成时，主语为“she”，用has tried。故填has tried。 【39题详解】 句意：我和科罗拉多州各地的众多企业主以及近30位市长谈过，甚至包括偏远地区的（企业主和市长）。原文空格后“owners”，根据语境可知，此处指企业主，business owners“企业主”。故填business。 【40题详解】 句意：现在，她正在帮助立法者禁止在不粘锅、人造草皮等物品中使用“永久性化学物质”。根据“Now”可知，此处指正在进行的动作，时态为现在进行时，主语为“she”，用is helping。故填is helping。 【41题详解】 句意：她将继续在对抗塑料污染的漫长道路上前行。fight against为固定搭配，意为“对抗”。故填against。 第四节：完成句子(共6小题，每小题2分) 根据所给汉语句子完成英语句子，词数不限。 42. Bert希望有一天他的绘画作品会在美术馆展出。 ________________________________ 【答案】Bert hopes one day his art works will be shown in the gallery. 【解析】 【详解】根据汉语意思可知，本句是一个宾语从句。主句时态为一般现在时，从句描述将来发生的事情，用一般将来时。主句中，“Bert希望”英文为“Bert hopes”。从句中，“有一天”英文为“one day”；“他的绘画作品”英文为“his art works”，作从句主语；“会……展出”应用被动语态，表示“作品是被展出的”，且为将来时，故用“will be shown”；“在美术馆”英文为“in the gallery”。故填Bert hopes one day his art works will be shown in the gallery. 43. 从9月份起这个学校就食物做了多次调查。 ________________________________ 【答案】The school has done many/plenty of surveys on its food since September. 【解析】 【详解】分析原句可知，该句是简单句，结构为：主谓宾，时态为现在完成时，“从9月份起”翻译为since September，放于句末，作时间状语；“这个学校”翻译为the school，位于句首，作主语，首字母要大写；“就学校的食物”翻译为on its food，此处用its来指代school’s；“做了多次调查”翻译为has done many/plenty of surveys，其中has done作谓语，many surveys或者plenty of surveys作宾语。故填The school has done many/plenty of surveys on its food since September. 44. 曾经她以为她女儿太小不会坚持她的选择。 ________________________________ 【答案】She used to think her daughter was too young to stick to her choice. 【解析】 【详解】根据汉语意思可知，本句描述过去的想法，时态用一般过去时。“曾经”英文表达为“used to”，常与动词原形搭配构成“used to do sth.”结构，表示“过去常常做某事”，所以“她曾经以为”翻译为“She used to think”；“她女儿”翻译为“her daughter”，作“think”的宾语从句中的主语；“太小”翻译为“too young” ，“too...to...”是固定结构，表示“太……而不能……”；“坚持”翻译为“stick to”，动词短语；“她的选择”翻译为“her choice”，作“stick to”的宾语。故填She used to think her daughter was too young to stick to her choice. 45. 毫无疑问，登得越高，你就看得越远。 ________________________________ 【答案】Without doubt, the higher you climb, the further you’ll see. 【解析】 【详解】“毫无疑问”without doubt；“登得越高”the higher you climb，其中“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”；“看得越远”the further you’ll see，further是far的比较级形式；本句结合语境用“Without doubt”置于句首表示“毫无疑问”，后接“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句型结构。故填Without doubt, the higher you climb, the further you’ll see. 46. 那位总统总说他要斗争到最后一刻。 ________________________________ 【答案】The president always says he will fight till the end. 【解析】 【详解】句子是宾语从句结构，引导词that可省略。主句“那位总统总说”用一般现在时，从句“要斗争到最后一刻”用一般将来时。“总统”表达为“president”；“总说”是一般现在时，表达为“always says”；“斗争”译为“fight”；“要斗争到最后一刻”是将来动作，用“will fight till the end”。 故填The president always says he will fight till the end. 47. 吸烟不仅对健康有害，还会造成空气污染。 ________________________________ 【答案】Smoking is not only harmful to your health, but also can cause air pollution. 【解析】 【详解】not only...but also...“不仅……还……”；smoking“吸烟”，is harmful to your health“对健康有害”；can“能，会”，情态动词，后接动词原形；cause air pollution“造成空气污染”。故填Smoking is not only harmful to your health, but also can cause air pollution. 三、书面表达(共2节，合计7小题，计27分) 第一节：阅读表达(共6小题，每小题2分)。 E 阅读短文，简要回答问题。1-5小题，每小题答案不超过8个词，6小题答案不少于30词。 Step into the thrilling world of fencing (击剑), where skill and intelligence meet in the dance of blades. Two fencers face off against each other. They use one of three kinds of swords, called foils, épées or sabers. Their goal is to score points by touching their opponent with their sword. This sounds simple, but it’s not. Touching an opponent requires strategy, quick thinking and quick movement. Each kind of swordplay has its own rules and ways to score points. Fencing with a foil is about getting point by touching the torso (躯干). In épées fencers can score a touch anywhere on the body. Saber requires the sword’s edge or tip to touch the body to score points. Two of the styles are the same; one is different. Foil and épée bouts, or games consist of (由……组成) three, three-minute periods with a one-minute break in between. But saber bouts consist of two periods. The first period lasts for eight touches, or points. The second period ends when one fencer scores 15 points. 48. What kinds of swords are mentioned in the passage? _____________________________ 49. How does the fencer score points in the bouts? _____________________________ 50. Jim is a fencer. What can help him to beat his opponent in the bouts? _____________________________ 51. What does Paragraph Two mainly tell us? _____________________________ 52. Suppose you take part in the foil bout, how long does it take you to finish the game? _____________________________ 53. If you want to learn fencing, which one will you choose to learn? And why? _____________________________ 【答案】48. Foils, épées and sabers. 49. By touching the opponent with the sword. 50. Strategy, quick thinking and quick movement. 51. The swordplay’s rules and ways to score points. 52. 11 minutes. 53. I will choose foil. Because foil focuses on touching the torso, which requires precise control and strategic thinking, helping me improve my concentration and tactical skills. It’s also a good start for beginners to learn basic fencing techniques. 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍击剑运动的类型（花剑、重剑、佩剑）、得分方式及不同剑种的规则与比赛时长。 【48题详解】 根据文章第1段“They use one of three kinds of swords, called foils, épées or sabers.”可知，提到的剑种是花剑、重剑、佩剑。故填Foils, épées and sabers. 【49题详解】 根据文章第1段“Their goal is to score points by touching their opponent with their sword.”可知，得分方式是用剑触碰对手。故填By touching the opponent with the sword. 【50题详解】 根据文章第1段“Touching an opponent requires strategy, quick thinking and quick movement.”可知，这些能力能帮助击败对手。故填Strategy, quick thinking and quick movement. 【51题详解】 根据文章第2段“Each kind of swordplay has its own rules and ways to score points.”可知，第二段主要讲击剑的规则和得分方式。故填The swordplay’s rules and ways to score points. 【52题详解】 根据文章第2段“Foil and épée bouts... consist of three, three-minute periods with a one-minute break in between.”可知，3×3（回合时长） + 2×1（两次休息时长）= 11分钟。故填11 minutes. 【53题详解】 本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，结合文章内容与自身喜好作答即可，字数不得少于30词。例如花剑专注于触碰躯干，需要精准控制和策略思维，能提升专注力与战术技巧，适合初学者学习基础击剑技术。故填I will choose foil. Because foil focuses on touching the torso, which requires precise control and strategic thinking, helping me improve my concentration and tactical skills. It’s also a good start for beginners to learn basic fencing techniques. 第二节：写作(共1小题，计15分)。 54. 在你的成长历程中，有许多帮助过或影响过你的人，你最想感恩谁？请你以“The Person I Want to Express My Thanks In my life”为题，写一篇英文短文，向学校英语广播站投稿。 要求：1.内容包含这个人的性格、对你影响最深的一件事情以及你想怎样感谢她/他；2.语句要规范、通顺；3.词数不少于100词，已给词不计入总词数。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文 The Person I Want to Express My Thanks In My life The person I want to thank most is my head teacher, Ms. Li. She’s warm-hearted and always patient with us. Last month, I lost my confidence after failing the English test. When I sat alone in the classroom crying, she came over. She listened to my worries and helped me find out why I did badly. She also spent her free time teaching me reading skills. Soon, my English grades improved. To thank her, I’ll make a handmade card for her and keep working hard. Ms. Li’s care has changed how I face difficulties. I’ll never forget her kindness, and I hope I can pass on this warmth to others too. 【解析】 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文； ②时态：以一般过去时（描述影响事件）和一般现在时（描述人物性格、感恩方式）为主； ③提示：需包含“人物性格”“影响最深的一件事”“感恩方式”，词数不少于100词。 [写作步骤] 第一步：开篇点题，介绍想要感恩的人及他 / 她的性格； 第二步：叙述影响最深的一件事； 第三步：说明感恩方式，结尾升华情感。 [亮点词汇] ① warm-hearted热心的 ② lost my confidence失去信心 ③ pass on传递 [高分句型] ① When I sat alone in the classroom crying, she came over.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句，crying作伴随状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024-2025学年度第一学期质量检测 初四英语 温馨提示： 1.本试题为笔试题，共80分。考试时间为90分钟。 2.请考生将信息填写在答题区上。考试结束后只交答题卷。请自己保管好试卷。 祝你考试成功! 一、阅读理解(共两节，合计20小题，计20分) 第一节：阅读选择(共15小题，每小题1分)。 阅读A、B、C三篇短文，根据短文内容，从每小题所给的三个选项中选择最佳答案。 请将答案填写到答题卡指定位置。 A In 1419, a clockmaker named Filippo Brunelleschi started work on a very difficult project. He was building the dome of Florence’s main cathedral, the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore. For 1,500 years, the world’s largest dome belonged to the Pantheon in Rome. Brunelleschi’s job was to build one even larger. The building of the cathedral began in 1296. By 1359, much of it was complete, but no one knew how to build its dome. Many builders could build concrete (混凝土) domes. However, the dome in Florence needed to be wider than any dome ever built. A concrete dome would be too heavy and would easily fall. The cathedral, therefore, remained unfinished for many years. Filippo Brunelleschi promised to find a solution. He said he would build two domes, an inner dome made of stone and an outer one made of light bricks. He would use lighter materials as he worked upwards. Strong rings made of stone, wood, and iron would hold everything together. Brunelleschi also had to find a way to lift the materials high into the air. What did he do? He invented a new machine to do the job. Building the dome took 16 years. Brunelleschi had done something no one else could. However, he left no pictures of his design. So even today’s experts don’t fully understand how this incredible structure was built. 1. Which of the following is NOT given as a reason the dome was difficult to build? A. No one had ever built a dome from concrete before. B. No one had built such a wide dome before. C. Materials needed to be lifted high into the air. 2. What is the purpose of Paragraph 3? A. To argue another side of an issue. B. To provide background information. C. To explain a solution to a problem. 3. What is NOT true about Filippo Brunelleschi? A. He built two domes for the cathedral. B He wanted to build the dome using only one material. C. He invented a machine that lifted things into the air. 4. The following sentence would best be placed at the end of which paragraph? As a result, there was a large hole in the cathedral’s roof. A. Paragraph 2. B. Paragraph 3. C. Paragraph 4. 5. Why don’t we fully understand how the dome was built? A. Brunelleschi didn’t leave any pictures of his design. B. It is covered in concrete and therefore difficult to study. C. The dome has been rebuilt many times over the years. B Great progress has been made in technology by now. It seems like everything has been greatly improved. But there is one thing unlike them. It was invented over 100 years ago but remained unchanged until now. I’m talking about a blind walking stick. The white stick has been used by many blind people for a long time. However, it hasn’t really been improved, until a blind engineer named Kursat decided to do something to change that. He hoped his invention would help the blind. He invented a smart stick called the WeWalk. The smart stick uses built-in speakers and different sensors (传感) to warn about possible dangers. It helps blind people in navigation (导航) around their environment. It makes their travel much easier. The stick is priced at around $500. It is less than half the price of most smart phones. Most people can afford it. This invention is going to change life a lot for the blind. Kursat well understands the difficulties that the blind face. That’s because he is blind himself. He decided to put his knowledge of technology into inventing something. It would not only change his life, but also the life of many others. “In these days, we are talking about flying cars. But the blind have been using just a simple stick. As a blind person, when I am at the bus stop, I don’t know which bus is coming or which stores are around me. Now, that kind of information can be provided by the WeWalk,” he said, “I believe life of the blind will be much easier and safer.” 6. Why did Kursat invent the WeWalk? A. To become an engineer. B. To help the blind. C. To change the world. 7. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A. The name of the smart stick. B. The reason for inventing the WeWalk. C. The introduction of the WeWalk. 8. What does Para. 4 mainly want to tell us? A. Kursat is a creative and caring person. B. Kursat knows the knowledge of technology. C. Kursat has many difficulties in his life. 9. Which of the following is Kursat’s idea? A. Flying cars are more important than the WeWalk. B. With the WeWalk, the blind can find their way more easily. C. The WeWalk can solve all the problems for the blind. 10. What can be inferred about the passage? A. It may be from a magazine about science. B. It may be written for the teenagers. C. It encourages the blind to buy the WeWalk. C Nature has so much to teach us. It’s filled with clever designs and smart systems that humans can learn from. There is even a special name for when we learn from nature. This field of study is called biomimicry. Biomimicry is when scientists and engineers study how animals and plants work in nature, then try to copy these clever designs to solve problems or make their own designs better. One of the most well known examples of biomimicry is the invention of Velcro. An engineer noticed how burrs, a spiky seed, stuck to his clothes and his dog’s hair after a walk one day. He got out a microscope to look more closely at how this was possible. He saw that the burrs had thousands of tiny hooks (钩子) attached to the clothes. This inspired him to create velcro, which used the same clever design. Let’s look at a bird called the kingfisher. When hunting for fish, it dives beak first at high speeds into the water. It barely makes a splash. Inspired by this, an engineer redesigned the front of the famous Japanese bullet train into the same shape as the kingfisher’s beak. The train is now more streamlined, quieter, and travels faster than before. Another example is the blade of a wind turbine (涡轮机). Scientists took inspiration from the shape of a bird’s wing. Now they’re looking at whale fins and maple seeds to improve the design. They want the blades to be able to move easily through the air, even when there is less wind. A whale fin doesn’t have smooth edges, but rather small bumps (凸起) along the side called tubercles. This design makes it easier for the fin to cut through water. Adapting these features to the blade of the wind turbine could make for more efficient energy generation. There is so much information in nature that can help us solve problems and design better. We just have to pay attention and look closely. 11. What does the underlined word “biomimicry” mean in Para 2? A. 生态学 B. 生物学 C. 仿生学 12. How does the writer develop the passage from Para 3 to Para 5? A. By giving 3 examples. B. By telling 3 stories. C. By showing 3 pictures. 13. What was a Japanese engineer inspired by to redesign the front of the bullet train? A. The burrs with hooks. B. The kingfisher’s beak. C. A bird’s wing. 14. Which of the following statements is right? A. An engineer’s dog inspired him to create velcro. B. Scientists designed the blade of the wind turbine into the same shape as a bird’s wing. C. The blade of the wind turbine can cut through water easily like a whale fin. 15. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To call on people to protect nature and love animals. B. To tell people to pay attention and learn from nature. C. To help people solve more design problems. 第二节：短文还原(共5小题，每小题1分)。 阅读D篇，从下面六个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整，每个选项限用一次，有一项为多余选项。 D Anyone can benefit (受益) from personal growth. Not all personal growth has to be lengthy processes. I can share five skills for enabling personal growth. ___16___ Before taking part in an important project or task, take 60 seconds to ask or to find out the difference between good and great. If the definition of great is such that it requires you learning new things, you just build yourself a mini-learning plan. Growth will follow. ___17___ Growth stops when you’re not in the mood (情绪) to invest in it. I tell myself when I’m in a bad mood that it’s just a bad mood, and it reminds me that I don’t actually have bigger problems. I have to stay open to learn something new. ___18___ Before your next conversation, remind yourself to be interested in what the other person has to say, not focus on (关注) what you could say next. ___19___ When we’re arguing for our point of view, we’re listening the least. We focus on trying to find faults in the other’s argument rather than keeping an open mind and trying to learn something from the other’s perspective. ___20___ Before you start work on Mondays, ask yourself three “What” questions: “What do I need to learn this week to advance my goals? What do I want to learn to advance my cause? What am I interested to learn to feed my curiosity? In one minute, you’ve prioritized your learning goals for the week. A. Focus on your mood B. Start your week with three “Whats” C. What good and great look like D. Listen to understand, not to convince (说服) E. Be interested, not interesting F. How you feel is not how things are 二、语言知识运用(共4节，合计27小题，计33分) 第一节：完形填空(共6小题，每小题1分)。 阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The salmon (大麻哈鱼) is a very strange fish. It is born in a river. But the young salmon takes 2 years to swim down the rivers towards the Pacific Ocean. For ___21___ 2 years it lives in the sea and becomes full-grown. Then it returns to the river where it was born. The female salmon will not lay the eggs in the Pacific Ocean. When it is almost time to lay them, both male and female salmon begin a great ___22___. Each salmon is heading for the river where it was born. A salmon may be a thousand miles from ___23___ its life began, yet it is able to return to that place. As the salmon swim, larger fish attack them. The salmon are food for some other fish. Some ___24___ by fishermen. The salmon that are left keep swimming. If rocks and waterfalls are in their way, the salmon leap (跳) over them. A salmon can leap up a fall as high as ten feet. It leaps by swimming at full speed underwater, then ___25___ to the surface. Almost the whole body of a salmon is made of muscle (肌肉). It is these ___26___ muscles that make the salmon fit for fast swimming, turning quickly, and leaping high out of the water. 21 A. other B. another C. the other 22. A. ceremony B. effort C. journey 23. A. where B. which C. when 24. A. are caught B. are bought C. are taken 25. A. supporting B. rising C. pulling 26. A. smooth B. valuable C. powerful 第二节：选词填空(共7小题;每小题1分)。 根据短文内容，选择适当单词或短语填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项限用一次， 有一项为多余选项。请将答案序号写在指定位置上。 A. thousands of standards；B. together；C. reusable； D. However； E. For example； F. separated；G. sixth；H. At that point US company SpaceX successfully completed its fifth test flight of Starship on Oct 13, 2024. This helped SpaceX get closer to making ___27___ rockets. The 122-meter-tall Starship has two parts: the Starship spacecraft (太空飞船) and the Super Heavy rocket. The rocket’s 33 engines (引擎) gave a strong push. About seven minutes after launch, the two parts ___28___ at around 70 kilometers above Earth. Then, the rocket’s booster (助推器) made itself “stand up” in the air and started to fall slowly. ___29___, two big mechanical arms (机械臂) from the launch tower, like “chopsticks”, “caught” the booster. Starship is made to send astronauts to the moon, Mars and beyond. SpaceX engineers have been working on it and testing it for many years. They made sure both the booster and the tower met ___30___. If standards has not been met, the booster would have been directed to drop in the Gulf of Mexico. SpaceX has been growing quickly since it started in 2002. This is partly thanks to its “fail fast, learn fast” working style. ___31___, Starship’s first three test flights failed because of problems like explosions (爆炸) or losing contact. ___32___, these failures helped engineers get data and make progress. This is different from the traditional way organizations, like NASA operate. They spend a lot of time planning for possible problems before a launch. SpaceX already plans to do a ___33___ fight, which will likely happen soon. 第三节：语法填空(共8小题，每小题1分)。 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号中所给词的正确形式。 In January a new law which is called the Plastic Pollution Reduction Act ___34___ (pass) in Colorado, US. This law stops the use of styrofoam containers (聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料容器) and single-use plastic bags. Madhvi Chittoor, a Grade 8 student, worked on this for seven years. When Chittoor was five years old, she watched the eco-documentary Midway: A Plastic Island. It ___35___ (show) a far-away Pacific island filled with trash washed up from around the world. After she saw the ___36___ (island) seabirds and fish eating plastic, she knew something needed to change. “I cried the night,” Chittoor, now 13, said to PEOPLE, “and told my mom, ‘I ___37___ (real) want to do something about this’.” Since then, she ___38___ (try) her best to show people the best sides of plastic pollution and to push policymakers (决策人) to create laws that stop the use of plastic. She published a children’s book called Is Plastic My Food? and has even met some famous people. “I spoke with so many ___39___ (busy) owners and nearly 30 mayors all over Colorado, even in faraway areas,” said Chittoor. “And they all supported it. I was excited and happy when it passed.” Now she ___40___ (help) lawmakers stop the use of “forever chemicals” in things like non-stick pans and fake grass. She will continue on the long road to fight ___41___ plastic pollution. 第四节：完成句子(共6小题，每小题2分) 根据所给汉语句子完成英语句子，词数不限。 42. Bert希望有一天他的绘画作品会在美术馆展出。 ________________________________ 43. 从9月份起这个学校就食物做了多次调查。 ________________________________ 44. 曾经她以为她女儿太小不会坚持她选择。 ________________________________ 45. 毫无疑问，登得越高，你就看得越远。 ________________________________ 46. 那位总统总说他要斗争到最后一刻。 ________________________________ 47. 吸烟不仅对健康有害，还会造成空气污染。 ________________________________ 三、书面表达(共2节，合计7小题，计27分) 第一节：阅读表达(共6小题，每小题2分)。 E 阅读短文，简要回答问题。1-5小题，每小题答案不超过8个词，6小题答案不少于30词。 Step into the thrilling world of fencing (击剑), where skill and intelligence meet in the dance of blades. Two fencers face off against each other. They use one of three kinds of swords, called foils, épées or sabers. Their goal is to score points by touching their opponent with their sword. This sounds simple, but it’s not. Touching an opponent requires strategy, quick thinking and quick movement. Each kind of swordplay has its own rules and ways to score points. Fencing with a foil is about getting point by touching the torso (躯干). In épées fencers can score a touch anywhere on the body. Saber requires the sword’s edge or tip to touch the body to score points. Two of the styles are the same; one is different. Foil and épée bouts, or games consist of (由……组成) three, three-minute periods with a one-minute break in between. But saber bouts consist of two periods. The first period lasts for eight touches, or points. The second period ends when one fencer scores 15 points. 48. What kinds of swords are mentioned in the passage? _____________________________ 49. How does the fencer score points in the bouts? _____________________________ 50. Jim is a fencer. What can help him to beat his opponent in the bouts? _____________________________ 51. What does Paragraph Two mainly tell us? _____________________________ 52. Suppose you take part in the foil bout, how long does it take you to finish the game? _____________________________ 53. If you want to learn fencing, which one will you choose to learn? And why? _____________________________ 第二节：写作(共1小题，计15分)。 54. 在你的成长历程中，有许多帮助过或影响过你的人，你最想感恩谁？请你以“The Person I Want to Express My Thanks In my life”为题，写一篇英文短文，向学校英语广播站投稿。 要求：1.内容包含这个人的性格、对你影响最深的一件事情以及你想怎样感谢她/他；2.语句要规范、通顺；3.词数不少于100词，已给词不计入总词数。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $