主题11 百科知识-【众相原创·赋能中考】2026年中考英语主题培优册（外研版 广西专用）

主题11 百科知识（聚焦动物，植物，生活）（建议课时：3-4课时） ⊙主题考情概览 读2025D篇（竹子）；2024D篇（蜜蜂）；2023D篇（野生白犀牛）；2020I卷D篇（人们在公共汽车上嗜睡的原因） 一、选择型阅读理解 2.【细节归纳题】What fun things would apes do to joke A with each other? 文体：说明文 词数：约250词 ①They walk into each other.②They tickle each 难度：★★★女☆ 建议用时：7分钟 other.3They sing songs together. Do you like playing little jokes on your friends and A.①③ B.①② C.②③ family?A new study found we're not the only ones like 3.What's the special thing about young apes when they doing this.Big apes()have great fun doing this too.A play jokes? ( group of scientists spent a lot of time studying the apes A.They make special sounds from San Diego Zoo in the US and Leipzig Zoo in B.They don't show happiness. Germany.They were surprised to find out apes love to C.They make the same sounds as usual. monkey around in many ways. 4.【后续推断题】What will scientists do next according Some apes would give their friends something only to the passage? （) to take it back quickly,or even tickle(挠痒痒)each A.Start teaching apes to play more new jokes. other happily.They liked to catch their friends'hair and B.Stop researching apes'joke-playing behavior. some even walked into their friends and fell over for fun. C.Spend more time studying why apes love playing Often,if one ape didn't play back,the other ape would jokes. keep doing the same funny things again and again.The young apes,around three to five years old,enjoyed 5.What does the passage mainly talk about?（） doing this the most,just like little kids do.Dr.Isabelle A.Apes eat a lot. Laumer,one scientist in this group,told the newspaper, B.Apes around the world. "When a little kid plays jokes on his or her mother,he C.Apes love playing jokes. or she likes to watch how she feels carefully.We see that B in these great apes,too."What's more,the study found 文体：说明文 词数：约280词 that these young apes make special sounds when playing 难度：★★★☆☆ 建议用时：9分钟 jokes,different from the sounds they often make.It's their way to show their happiness for monkeying around. Studies show that people now have more free time Next,scientists need to spend more time finding out than ever before.Then why doesn't it feel that way? why the apes love playing jokes on each other.They These days,many of us spend lots of free time playing think knowing this can help us learn more about how with our phones.Pictures and information keep getting apes and people show their feelings. into our minds,so it's no wonder we don't feel fully L.【单词运用题】Which is the meaning of the relaxed.To help you feel relaxed and energetic,it is underlined word“monkey'”in Paragraph 1?() important to use your free time wisely.Here is how to monkey do it. Dan animal with a long tail and likes climbing trees Set your goals.Think about what you want to 2a child who is active and likes doing funny things achieve in your free time.Do you want to get fit,learn 3do things in a playful way something new or just relax?Don't worry about what you A.① B.② C.③ should do.Just think about what will bring you 134 satisfaction(满足) 5.【文章结构题】What's the structure of the passage? Get creative.When we watch TV or read,we are only taking things in.Try to be a producer for a change. A.①/②③/④⑤⑥ Build a model or write a blog(博客).You will use B.①②/③④⑤/⑥ different parts of your brain and feel more energetic as a C.①/②③④⑤/⑥ result. C原创时文 Meet like-minded people.Everyone has different 文体：说明文 词数：约270词 interests,so don't expect your friends to be into the same 难度：★★★☆☆ 建议用时：9分钟 things as you.You can join a club and get to know You might think the sun is people with the same interests as you. yellow,but it's not that simple.The Guard(守护)your time.Don't let anything else sun actually shines with all the colors take up your free time.A Otherwise,the line of the rainbow.But it's brightest in the between your free time and everyday life will be unclear, blue and green parts of the spectrum()In other and you won't feel relaxed. words,the sun should look blue or green.But it clearly Once you're fully relaxed,you can think about what doesn't.Why is that? you'd like to improve in your life.Want to be stronger? It has to do with how our eyes work.Our eyes have Want to learn a skill?There are many groups,clubs and three types of special cells called cones(视锥细胞)， They help us see colors:red,green,and blue.When classes that you can join to help you start a new life.So sunlight hits these cells,they send messages to our just get out there and enjoy yourself! brains.Our brains use these messages to decide what 1.Why don't people feel fully relaxed in their free time color we see.If all three cells send the strong messages, according to the passage? () we see white light.That's what happens with sunlight. A.Because they are always on the phones. Even though it shines more blue and green light,the sun B.Because they don't have many interests. looks white because our eyes mix all the colors together. C.Because they don't talk enough with others. That's why the sun looks white to astronauts in space! 2.What is the difference between reading and writing a But on Earth,something different happens.As blog? sunlight passes through the air around Earth,tiny A.Different parts of your brain are used. particles()spread out shorter blue waves in every B.Reading makes you feel more energetic. direction.This is why the sky looks blue!At the same C.Writing a blog uses more parts of your brain. time,longer red,yellow,and orange waves pass straight 3.What do the underlined words "be into"mean in through.So during the day,the sun appears yellow or orange.At sunrise or sunset,it might look redder Paragraph 4? because the light travels through more air,spreading out A.Buy. B.Like. C.Feel. even more blue light. 4.【句子还原题】Which of the following can be put in So,what color is the sun?It depends on where you “▲”？ are.In space,it's white.On Earth,it's often golden or A.Don't forget to check the weather report. orange.But no matter what,it's still our bright,shiny B.Don't check your mobile phone for messages and star! turn it off. 1.What color does the sun actually shine with? C.Make sure you have everything you need to enjoy A.Both blue and green. your free time. B.Only the color yellow. C.All colors of the rainbow. 135 2.【图片理解题】Which picture can match the green in summer because they are making food.But information in the passage? ( inside the leaves,there are also orange,yellow,or The Visible Spectrum 光心 The sun is brown colors.The green color covers them up. yellow. When autumn comes,it gets colder.Days get shorter and nights get longer.Trees get less sunlight.So, Red A B photosynthesis slows down.Little by little,leaves stop 女 making the green chemical(化学物质).Then,the orange,yellow,and brown colors can be seen.That's sunlight∠ why leaves turn beautiful colors in autumn! In winter,trees drop their leaves.Why?They do this to stay safe!If leaves stay on the tree and get icy, 3.Why do astronauts think the sun is white? the tree could get hurt.In winter,trees look bare( A.Because sunlight has no blue or green light. )But they use the food they saved in summer to get B.Because our eyes mix all the colors of sunlight through the cold days and nights. together. Spring brings warmth.Ice and snow go away,and C.Because astronauts see stronger red light from rain comes.The sun shines again.Tiny new leaves grow the sun. from the branches )These new leaves will use 4.What can we infer from the passage? () sunlight,water,and air to make food,just like before. A.We can see the red,yellow and orange colors more The cycle begins again! easily. 1.【写作方式题】How does the writer start the passage? B.The sky looks blue because blue waves are spread by air particles. A.By telling a story. C.Red,yellow and orange waves can't pass through B.By giving an example. air around Earth. C.By asking questions. 5.Where is this passage probably taken from?( 2.What is photosynthesis according to the passage? A.A cooking guide. ( B.A sports newspaper. A.It is a way to change colors. C.A science magazine. B.It is a way to make food for plants. D C.It is a way for animals to eat plants. 文体：说明文 词数：约260词 3.What stops leaves from making the green chemical in 难度：★★★☆☆ 建议用时：8分钟 autumn? Why do tree leaves have different colors?Why do A.Less air in autumn. they change colors? B.Less water in autumn. Leaves are like little factories.They use sunlight,C.Less sunlight in autumn. water,and air to make food for the tree.We call it 4.What does the underlined word "They"in Paragraph photosynthesis(光合作用).If's not just good for trees. 5 refer to? () Animals also need it.Some animals eat plants,and other A.Trees. B.Leaves. C.Colors. animals eat these animals. 5.What is the best title of the passage? ( Summer is playtime.In summer,the sun shines A.Trees in Different Seasons brightly.Leaves are busy!They make a lot of food for the B.The Colors of the Tree Leaves tree.The tree keeps enough food inside.Leaves look C.The Changes of the Four Seasons 136 E原创时文 2.How many times did scientists touch the plants during 文体：说明文 词数：约280词 the experiment? 难度：★★★☆☆ 建议用时：9分钟 A.3. B.6. C.12. 3.How do the mitochondria support the plants'growth? When we see babies or pets,we can't help gently touching them to show our love.And they give us happy A.By providing energy for cells. feelings back.But a recent study shows that it's different B.By changing the plants'genes. for plants. C.By reducing the amount of cells In fact,plants don't "like"to be touched.That's 4.What did scientists find that repeated touching could because touching changes their genes()and,even do? worse,can slow their growth.Professor Jim Whelan of A.Shorten the life of plants. the La Trobe Institute in Australia gave an explanation. B.Cause the death of plants "The lightest touch from a human,or even plants C.Make plants grow more slowly. touching each other in the wind,leads to a huge gene 5.What can we learn from the passage? change in the plant.” A.We're not sure how to help plants grow by In order to test the idea,the scientists did an touching. experiment on plants.They grew a number of plants to B.The changes of the plants caused by touching may the age of four weeks.Then they touched them with a be not bad. paintbrush every 12 hours over a 36-hour period.They C.Touching can have a good influence on plants' found that as a result,the mitochondria(线粒体)in the growth. plants had been partly hurt.The mitochondria are the 二、任务型阅读理解2025中考新增题型 powerhouse of the cell".The mitochondria produce A原创时文 energy for the rest of the cell in both animals and plants. If this "powerhouse"is weakened,the plants will lose a 文体：说明文 词数：约250词 large amount of energy that should have supported their 难度：★★★☆☆ 建议用时：9分钟 growth.Whelan further explained,"If the touching is Elephants are the largest land mammals(哺乳动 repeated,then plant growth is reduced by up to 30 )in the world.They have amazing trunks.Elephants percent."According to Science Alert,repeated touching can use their trunks to do a great many things,such as or moving plants will make them grow shorter than picking up food,digging holes for water,spraying others. water or sand on their backs to cool down and Although the touching does have a strong effect on warning other elephants.But do you know?Just as some plants,it's not always bad.The researchers believe,in people are left-handed and others are right-handed,there some ways,it could be helpful.It may help plants fight are also "left-trunked"and "right-trunked"elephants. against insects and bad weather.The new research People can tell this by looking at the wrinkles()on findings have opened up a deeper understanding of the their trunks.A new study has found this. plants'reply to touch.And the research might also "lead Why do elephants have“left--trunked”and“right- to new ways to improve growth in the future",Science trunked"differences?Scientists find that elephants like Alert reported. to bend()their trunks to one side to put food into 1.What can slow plants'growth according to the passage? their mouths.As time goes by,the trunk on this side gets more wrinkles than the other side. A.Love. B.Touch. C.Water. Elephants have about a 50:50 probability of being 137 “left-trunked”or“right-trunked'”.So,it's not surprising When the clocks go forward,the mornings get a that scientists find half of elephants'trunks have more little darker,and the evenings stay light for longer.This wrinkles on the right,and half on the left. can affect people's body clocks and influence their sleep What's more,Asian elephants have more wrinkles for several weeks.Some studies have even suggested that on their trunks than African elephants.African elephants more heart attacks and strokes(心脏病和中风)happen have two finger-like structures at the end of their trunks around this time of year in places where the clocks to get things,but Asian elephants have only one.So change.So,some people prepare for daylight saving Asian elephants bend their trunks more often to get time.For example,they go to bed a little earlier a few things than African elephants. nights before the change happens. The study helps us learn about elephant skin Getting more sunlight at this time of year is also wrinkles and gives us a new way to look into the growth thought to help reset (the body's natural clock. of the largest land mammals. However,that may not always be enough.Our L.【反向猜词题】Which English word in the passage brains use the light and the dark to help control our body probably means“象鼻”？ clocks,although our ways of sleeping and waking change 2.How can we tell an elephant is "left-trunked"or with age.Too much light in the evenings during daylight “right--trunked”? saving time can make the beginning of our sleep cycle come later,affecting the length and quality(质量）of 3.Are there more“right-trunked”elephants than“left- our sleep. trunked”ones? In addition,not getting enough sleep can lead to a number of health problems,while tiredness caused by 4.Why do Asian elephants have more wrinkles on their the time change can lead to an increase in car accidents. trunks than African elephants? So,some believe all countries should use the same time all year round. 5.In which part of the newspaper can you most probably 1.When do most areas in the US start daylight saving read this passage? time? B原创时文 2.【代词指代题】What does the underlined word 文体：说明文 词数：约290词 “This”refer to in Paragraph3? 难度：★★★★☆ 建议用时：12分钟 Some countries around the world already moved 3.What do our brains use to help control body clocks? their clocks an hour forward this March as they began daylight saving time(夏令时).In most of the US,it's 4.Why might too much evening light be bad for our the second Sunday of March.And many European sleep? countries made the change in late March. People often complain about losing an hour of sleep5.Do you think daylight saving time should be used in on the day when the clocks change.However,some say all countries?Why or why not? the change does more than just make them tired and it may even be bad for their health. 138五、1.sing2.thow3.since4.widely5.stories B 1.On the second Sunday of March. 6.famous 7.accident 8.became 9.themselves 2.The mornings get a little darker and the evenings stay light 10.but for longer when the clocks go forward. 主题11百科知识（聚焦动物， 3.Our brains use the light and the dark to help control our body 植物，生活) clocks. 4.Because it can make the beginning of our sleep cycle come 一、A1-5 CBACC B1-5 AABBC C1-5 CABBC later,and then affect the length and quality of our sleep. D 1-5 CBCAB E 1-5 BAACB 二、A1.Itis“trunk”. 5.Yes.Because it can save energy and encourage people to be more active outdoors./.. 2.By looking at the trunk wrinkles. 3.No,there aren't. 主题12跨学科实践 4.Because Asian elephants only have one finger-like structure -、1-5 BABCA6-10 CCABA at the end of their trunks and they bend their trunks more 【一材多问】11.C often to get things than African elephants. 二、A1-5 ACABB 5.In the nature/animal part of the newspaper. B 1-5 BCBCA 教材·课标两轮过词汇 第一部分 教材基础知识自测（一轮） 七年级（上)Starter Module1 help/with the help of sb.help to)do sth.help sb.to)do 重点单词及拓展 sth.;help (sb.)with sth.;can't help doing sth.15.course; 1.name 2.class 3.teacher 4.friend;friendly;friendship; of course 16.know;knew;known;known;know about;be be friendly to sb.make friends with sb.5.meet:met known for...17.say;said 18.that;those 19.again;over 6.nice;be nice to sb.7.good;better;best;be good at;be and over again 20.welcome;You're welcome 21.colour/ good for 8.fine 9.morning 10.afternoon 11.what color;colourful/colorful 22.green 23.orange;orange juice 12.how 13.can;could 14.spell;spelt/spelled;spelt/ 七年级（上)Starter Module4 spelled;spelling 15.sorry 16.thank;thankful;thanks to 重点单词及拓展 17.too 18.this:these 19.time:in time:on time 1.day 2.today 3.birthday 4.Monday;on Monday 20.go;went;gone 21.now 22.see;saw;seen 23.tomorrow 5.Tuesday 6.Wednesday 7.Thursday 8.Friday 24.1me;my;mine;myself 2 you;your;yours;yourself; 9.Saturday 10.Sunday 11.spring;in spring 12.summer yourselves 3it;its;its;itself her;her;hers;herself 13.autumn 14.winter 15.weather 16.warm 17.hot: 5him:his:his:himself 6us;our:ours;ourselves hotter;hottest 18.cool 19.cold 20.sport:play/do sports 7them:their;theirs;themselves 21.play;player;play with sb.play with sth.play a joke on 七年级（上)Starter Module2 sb.22.basketball:play basketball 23.football 重点单词及拓展 24.swimming;go swimming 25.like;look like 26.let;let; 1.sit;sat;sitting 2.stand;stood 3.down;sit down letting;let us do sth.Let's do sth.27.after 28.school 4.listen:listen to 5.draw;drew:drawn 6.put;put:put 29.idea 30.favourite/favorite away;put down 7.open 8.close 9.book 10.hand;give 模块整合语境练(Starter Modules1-4) sb.a hand 11.new 12.old:how old 13.student -、1-5 BCAAB6-10 CABAB 14.here 15.telephone 16.number:a number of;the number 1.weather 2.warm 3.now 4.favourite 5.writing of...17.boy 18.girl 19.desk 20.chair 21.bag 6.Her 7.draw 8.Sunday 9.On 10.dogs 22.one;first 23.two:second:twice 24.three:third 七年级（上)Module1 25.four;fourth 26.five;fifth 27.six;sixth 重点单词及拓展 28.seven;seventh 29.eight;eighth 30.nine;ninth 1.China;Chinese 2.from;be from/come from;from...to... 31.ten;tenth 32.eleven 33.twelve;twelfth 34.thirteen 3.capital 4.city 5.where 6.year 7.about;How about.../ 35.fourteen 36.fifteen 37.sixteen 38.seventeen What about...8.grade 9.everyone 10.but 39.eighteen 40.nineteen 41.twenty;twentieth 11.very 12.big;bigger;biggest 13.small;smaller;smallest 七年级（上)Starter Module3 14.first;first name/given name;at first/first of all 15.last; 重点单词及拓展 last name/family name;at last 16.all;after all;all in all 1.classroom 2.blackboard 3.pen 4.pencil 5.bird 七年级（上)Module2 6.cat 7.dog 8.flower 9.on 10.in 11.English;in 重点单词及拓展 English 12.write:wrote:written:writer:write down 1.family 2.grandfather 3.grandmother 4.grandparent 13.does;did;done 14.help;helpful;helpless;with one's 5.father 6.mother 7.parent 8.daughter 9.son 17