专题03 阅读表达 （期末复习讲义）高二英语上学期北师大版

本高中英语阅读表达复习讲义以思维导图构建“语法赋能阅读-语法优化表达”双模块知识体系，模块1聚焦从句、非谓语、特殊句式的语篇理解功能，通过真题片段标注语法结构、针对性设问及解题步骤示范梳理逻辑；模块2针对细节回答、推理概括等题型，结合答题模板与易错对比表呈现语法规范，形成“理解-表达”递进脉络。 该讲义特色在于“语法落地语篇”的分层设计，如模块1中通过“识别逻辑主语-判断关系-拆分语义”三步法解析非谓语长句，培养学生语言能力与思维品质；模块2设置“细节回答时态一致”“推理概括逻辑衔接”等变式训练，基础生可掌握规范表达，优秀生能深化逻辑分析，教师可依托真题示例实施精准分层教学，助力学生高效复习。

专题03 阅读表达 思维导图 模块 1：语法赋能阅读（聚焦语篇中高频语法的 “理解作用”） 核心目标 掌握从句、非谓语、特殊句式在阅读中的功能，通过语法分析拆分长句、理清逻辑关系，快速定位关键信息，提升细节题和推理题的解题准确率。 第一节：从句的语篇衔接作用（定语从句 / 状语从句 / 名词性从句） 一、语法功能解读 从句是语篇中衔接句子、丰富语义的核心语法结构，掌握其功能可快速拆分长句、定位逻辑关系： 定语从句：修饰名词 / 代词（先行词），拆分主句与从句可精准获取名词的修饰信息（如特征、时间、地点、原因），避免因长修饰成分混淆主干句意。 → 拆分技巧：先找先行词（被修饰的名词 / 代词），再看引导词在从句中作何成分（主语 / 宾语 / 状语），剥离从句后先译主句，再补充从句信息。 状语从句：表时间、原因、结果、转折、条件等逻辑关系，明确主句与从句的语义关联，帮助判断上下文逻辑走向（如 “转折关系” 提示重点在从句）。 → 拆分技巧：识别引导词（when/because/so/but/if 等），区分主句（核心语义）和从句（逻辑补充），优先抓主句核心。 名词性从句（主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 同位语从句）：充当句子核心成分（主语、宾语等），直接承载关键信息（如观点、事实、结论）。 → 拆分技巧：找连接词（that/what/whether 等），判断从句在句中作用，若为宾语从句可先定位主句谓语动词，再提取从句内容。 2、 高考真题语篇片段 片段 1（定语从句密集）（改编自 2023 年新课标 I 卷语法填空）：The library, which was founded in 1920 and has collected over 500,000 books that cover various fields such as history, science and literature, is a popular place for students who want to do research or borrow reference books. Last week, the library launched a new service that allows readers to reserve books online and pick them up at the front desk, which has greatly saved students’ time. 【语法标注】： 非限制性定语从句：① which was founded...literature（修饰 library）；② which has greatly saved...（修饰前文整个句子） 限制性定语从句：① that cover various fields...（修饰 books）；② who want to do research...（修饰 students）；③ that allows readers...（修饰 service） 片段 2（状语从句密集）（改编自 2024 年全国卷 II 语法填空）：Although online shopping has become increasingly convenient, many elderly people still prefer to buy groceries in physical stores because they can check the quality of products in person. When they go shopping, they often chat with shop owners, which not only strengthens social bonds but also makes their daily life more colorful. If young people take time to teach their parents how to use shopping apps, the elderly may be more willing to try new ways of shopping. 【语法标注】： 让步状语从句：Although online shopping...convenient 原因状语从句：because they can check...in person 时间状语从句：When they go shopping 条件状语从句：If young people take time...apps 三、针对性设问（细节题 / 推理题） 针对片段 1（定语从句）： 细节题：What is the library’s new service?（定位定语从句 that allows readers to...） 细节题：Who likes to visit the library?（定位定语从句 who want to do research...） 推理题：Why is the library popular among students?（结合定语从句修饰的 books 特征和 new service 功能推理） 针对片段 2（状语从句）： 细节题：Why do many elderly people prefer physical stores?（定位原因状语从句 because they can...） 推理题：What can we infer from the last sentence?（结合条件状语从句 If young people... 推理） 细节题：What do elderly people do when shopping in physical stores?（定位时间状语从句 When they go shopping 后的内容） 四、解题步骤示范（以片段 1 第 1 题为例） 审题：题干问 “图书馆的新服务是什么”，关键词 “new service”； 定位：在原文找到 “launched a new service”，其后紧跟定语从句 that allows readers to reserve books online and pick them up at the front desk； 拆分：主句 “the library launched a new service”，定语从句修饰 “service”，核心信息为 “reserve books online + pick up at front desk”； 组织答案：整合从句信息，用简洁语言表达 → It allows readers to reserve books online and pick them up at the front desk. 第二节：非谓语动词简化长句的理解技巧 一、语法功能解读 非谓语动词（doing/to do/done）是语篇中简化长句的核心手段，避免句子结构重复，其理解关键在于： 识别非谓语的逻辑主语：通常是句子主语或空前 / 后的名词 / 代词； 判断逻辑关系 主动关系用 doing 被动关系用 done 目的 / 将来用 to do 拆分语义：非谓语在句中作定语、状语或补语，先剥离非谓语成分找到句子主干，再补充非谓语的修饰 / 补充信息（如 “doing 作伴随状语” 表同时发生的动作）。 3、 高考真题语篇片段 片段 1（改编自 2023 年全国乙卷语法填空）：A group of volunteers from the local community spent last weekend cleaning up the park located in the city center. Carrying bags and gloves, they picked up plastic bottles, paper and other rubbish left by visitors. Some volunteers taught children playing in the park how to classify waste, hoping to raise their environmental awareness. To make the park more beautiful, they also planted dozens of young trees and watered the flowers growing along the paths. 【语法标注】： 过去分词作定语：located in the city center（修饰 park）；left by visitors（修饰 rubbish）；growing along the paths（修饰 flowers） 现在分词作状语：Carrying bags and gloves（伴随状语，逻辑主语 they）；hoping to raise...（结果状语，逻辑主语 some volunteers） 不定式作目的状语：To make the park more beautiful 现在分词作定语：playing in the park（修饰 children） 片段 2（改编自 2021 年浙江卷语法填空）：The report released by the research team shows that the number of people choosing to travel by high-speed rail has increased by 30% in the past year. Compared with other means of transportation, high-speed rail is praised for being fast, comfortable and environmentally friendly. To meet the growing demand, railway companies have added more trains and improved the booking system, making travel more convenient for passengers. 【语法标注】： 过去分词作定语：released by the research team（修饰 report） 现在分词作定语：choosing to travel by high-speed rail（修饰 people） 过去分词作状语：Compared with other means...（逻辑主语 high-speed rail） 不定式作目的状语：To meet the growing demand 现在分词作结果状语：making travel more convenient...（逻辑主语前文整个句子） 三、针对性设问（细节题 / 推理题） 针对片段 1： 细节题：What did the volunteers do to raise children’s environmental awareness?（定位现在分词短语 hoping to... 对应的动作） 细节题：Where is the park that the volunteers cleaned up?（定位过去分词短语 located in...） 推理题：Why did the volunteers plant young trees?（定位不定式作目的状语 To make the park more beautiful） 针对片段 2： 细节题：What are the advantages of high-speed rail?（定位过去分词短语 praised for being...） 细节题：How has the number of high-speed rail travelers changed?（定位现在分词短语 choosing to travel... 修饰的主语对应的数据） 推理题：What measures have railway companies taken?（定位不定式作目的状语 To meet... 后的动作） 四、解题步骤示范（以片段 2 第 1 题为例） 审题：题干问 “高铁的优势是什么”，关键词 “advantages of high-speed rail”； 定位：找到原文 “high-speed rail is praised for being fast, comfortable and environmentally friendly”，其中 “praised for” 后接优势，“being fast...” 为动名词短语作介词宾语； 拆分：句子主干 “high-speed rail is praised”，非谓语短语 “being fast...friendly” 补充被称赞的原因（即优势）； 组织答案：直接提取非谓语短语中的核心形容词 → It is fast, comfortable and environmentally friendly. 第三节：特殊句式（倒装 / 强调）的语义侧重 一、语法功能解读 特殊句式（倒装、强调）的核心作用是 “突出语义重点”，阅读中需快速识别句式特征，定位强调内容： 强调句（It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...）： → 功能：强调主语、宾语、状语（时间 / 地点 / 原因等），被强调部分即为语义核心； → 识别技巧：去掉 “It is/was + that/who”，句子仍完整通顺。 倒装句（部分倒装：助动词 / 情态动词提前；完全倒装：谓语动词提前）： → 功能：强调地点、时间、否定词、only 等开头的内容，或使句子结构平衡； → 高频类型：① Only + 状语开头（部分倒装）；② 否定词（Never/Not/Nowhere 等）开头（部分倒装）；③ There be 句型（完全倒装）。 二、高考真题语篇片段 片段 1（强调句密集）（改编自 2025 年全国 I 卷语法填空）：It was in the small village where he spent his childhood that he developed a strong interest in traditional music. It was his grandfather who taught him to play the erhu and told him stories about folk artists. It was not until he entered university that he decided to devote his life to protecting and developing traditional music. 【语法标注】： 强调句 1：It was in the small village...that he developed...（强调地点状语 in the small village） 强调句 2：It was his grandfather who taught him...（强调主语 his grandfather） 强调句 3：It was not until he entered university that he decided...（强调时间状语 not until he entered university） 片段 2（倒装句密集）（改编自 2023 年新课标 II 卷语法填空）：Never before have we seen such rapid development in renewable energy. Only when we take action to reduce pollution can we protect our planet. Here lies the key to solving the environmental problem: balancing economic growth with ecological protection. 【语法标注】： 部分倒装 1：Never before have we seen...（否定词 Never 开头，助动词 have 提前） 部分倒装 2：Only when...can we protect...（Only + 时间状语从句开头，情态动词 can 提前） 完全倒装：Here lies the key...（地点副词 Here 开头，谓语动词 lies 提前） 三、针对性设问（细节题 / 推理题） 针对片段 1（强调句）： 细节题：Where did he develop his interest in traditional music?（定位强调句 1 被强调的地点状语） 细节题：Who taught him to play the erhu?（定位强调句 2 被强调的主语） 推理题：When did he decide to protect traditional music?（定位强调句 3 被强调的时间状语） 针对片段 2（倒装句）： 推理题：What can we infer from the first sentence?（定位否定词开头的倒装句，强调 “从未有过的快速发展”） 细节题：What is the key to solving the environmental problem?（定位完全倒装句 Here lies the key...） 细节题：Under what condition can we protect our planet?（定位 Only + 状语开头的倒装句，还原主句逻辑） 四、解题步骤示范（以片段 2 第 3 题为例） 审题：题干问 “在什么条件下我们能保护地球”，关键词 “condition + protect our planet”； 定位：找到原文 “Only when we take action to reduce pollution can we protect our planet”，该句为 Only + 时间状语从句开头的部分倒装； 还原句式：将倒装句还原为正常语序 → We can protect our planet only when we take action to reduce pollution； 提取核心：被强调的条件是 “take action to reduce pollution” 组织答案 → We can protect our planet only when we take action to reduce pollution.（或简化为 By taking action to reduce pollution.） 模块 2：语法优化表达（聚焦阅读表达答题的 “语法准确性”） 核心目标 针对期末常考题型（细节回答、推理概括、观点表达），明确答题的语法要求，通过真题示例和变式训练，实现 “语法正确、表达简洁、符合规范”。 第一节：细节回答题（直接提取信息 + 语法规范） 一、答题语法要求 时态一致：严格遵循原文时态（如原文用一般过去时，答题不可用一般现在时）； 语序正确：避免从句语序混乱（如特殊疑问句不可漏助动词，宾语从句用陈述语序）； 词形规范：名词单复数、动词形式（过去式 / 过去分词）、代词指代准确； 简洁性：无需冗余信息，直接回应问题（可用短语 / 短句，无需完整长句，但语法需正确）。 二、高考真题答题示例（标注出处） 真题题干（2022 年北京卷阅读表达改编）： What did the author do to help the elderly neighbor last weekend? （原文片段：Last weekend, I helped my elderly neighbor clean her house, buy groceries and repair her broken radio.） 满分答案： He/She helped the elderly neighbor clean her house, buy groceries and repair her broken radio. 语法点评： 时态正确：用一般过去时 helped 呼应原文 Last weekend； 并列结构：clean, buy, repair 为并列不定式，符合 “help sb. do sth.” 固定搭配； 指代清晰：用 He/She 指代 author，避免指代模糊； 信息完整：直接提取原文三个动作，无遗漏、无冗余。 易错答案对比（附纠错）： 易错答案 错误原因（语法问题） 纠错后答案 I help the neighbor clean house. 时态错误（help→helped）；指代错误（I→He/She）；名词单复数（house→her house） He/She helped the elderly neighbor clean her house. He helped the neighbor to buy groceries and repaired radio. 并列结构不一致（to buy→buy）；词形错误（repaired→repair）；缺少定语（broken radio） He helped the elderly neighbor buy groceries and repair her broken radio. 三、变式训练（改编真题 + 答题模板 + 语法纠错提示） 改编题干（基于 2023 年新课标 I 卷阅读表达）： What does the school require students to do before the camping trip?（原文片段：The school requires all students to pack warm clothes, bring a first-aid kit and sign a safety agreement before the camping trip.） 答题模板： The school requires students to ________, ________ and ________.（并列不定式结构，保持动词原形） 学生作答区： ____________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节：推理概括题（整合信息 + 语法简化） 一、答题语法要求 简化表达：多用非谓语动词（doing/done/to do）、名词化短语替代长句，避免重复； 逻辑清晰：用连接词（however/therefore/besides 等）衔接信息，体现因果 / 转折 / 并列关系； 时态统一：概括类答案多用一般现在时（表客观事实 / 规律），推理类答案需呼应原文时态； 主谓一致：不可因简化句子导致主语与谓语单复数不一致（如 “many students” 后不可用 “is”）； 指代准确：避免代词指代模糊（如 “they” 需明确指代前文的复数名词）。 二、高考真题答题示例 真题题干（2021 年全国甲卷阅读表达）： What can we conclude from the passage about DIY? （原文片段：DIY, which stands for "do it yourself", has become increasingly popular among young people. It allows people to save money, develop practical skills and create unique items. Many people find DIY a meaningful activity that strengthens family bonds when they work together on projects.） 满分答案： DIY is popular among young people because it helps save money, develop practical skills, create unique items and strengthen family bonds. 语法点评： 简化表达：用名词短语 “DIY” 作主语，避免重复原文定义；用不定式 “to save...develop...create...” 简化并列谓语，符合概括题简洁要求； 逻辑清晰：用 “because” 衔接因果关系，准确整合原文 “popular” 与后续优势的关联； 时态正确：用一般现在时 “is popular/helps” 表客观事实，呼应原文时态； 主谓一致：主语 “DIY” 为单数，谓语 “is” 保持一致。 易错答案对比（附纠错）： 易错答案 错误原因（语法问题） 纠错后答案 DIY is popular, they can save money and make unique things. 指代模糊（they 无明确指代）；句子结构混乱（两个独立句无连接词） DIY is popular because it allows people to save money and make unique things. Young people like DIY, because it help them develop skills. 主谓不一致（it 后用 help→helps）；逗号多余（because 引导从句不可加逗号） Young people like DIY because it helps them develop skills. 三、变式训练（改编真题 + 答题模板 + 语法纠错提示） 改编题干（基于 2024 年新课标 II 卷阅读表达）： What is the main idea of the passage about urban gardening? （原文片段：Urban gardening refers to growing plants in cities, such as on balconies, rooftops or community gardens. It not only improves air quality but also provides people with fresh vegetables and flowers. Besides, it helps reduce stress and build a sense of community among neighbors.） 答题模板： Urban gardening is ________ that ________, ________ and ________.（第一空填名词性短语，后三空填并列谓语 / 非谓语短语） 学生作答区：_________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 第三节：观点表达题（明确立场 + 语法严谨） 一、答题语法要求 立场清晰：用明确的观点句式（如 “I think.../In my opinion.../From my perspective...”）开头； 理由充分：用连接词（firstly/secondly/besides/therefore 等）衔接观点与理由，逻辑连贯； 语法准确：虚拟语气（如建议用 “should do”）、情态动词（如 “must/should/can”）运用恰当； 句式多样：避免重复简单句，可适当用从句（定语从句 / 状语从句）丰富表达； 时态适配：观点用一般现在时，举例可用一般过去时（具体事例）或一般现在时（普遍情况）。 二、高考真题答题示例 真题题干（2023 年北京卷阅读表达）： Do you agree that technology makes our life easier? Why or why not?（要求：观点明确，理由充分，语法正确） 满分答案： In my opinion, technology does make our life easier. Firstly, online shopping allows us to buy products without going out, which saves a lot of time. Secondly, communication tools like WeChat and Zoom help us keep in touch with friends and family far away easily. Besides, smart devices such as smartphones and tablets provide convenient access to information and online courses. Therefore, I believe technology has greatly improved our quality of life. 语法点评： 立场清晰：用 “In my opinion” 开头，明确支持观点；结尾用 “Therefore” 总结，呼应开头； 逻辑连贯：用 “firstly/secondly/besides” 分点阐述理由，层次分明； 语法多样：运用定语从句（which saves...）、介词短语（without going out）、名词短语（smart devices such as...）丰富句式； 情态 / 时态正确：用一般现在时 “allows/helps/provides” 表普遍情况，用 “has improved” 表现在完成时（强调对现在的影响）。 易错答案对比（附纠错）： 易错答案 错误原因（语法问题） 纠错后答案 I agree technology make life easier, because we can shop online and chat with friends. 缺少连接词（agree 后加 that）；主谓不一致（technology 后 make→makes） I agree that technology makes life easier because we can shop online and chat with friends easily. I don’t agree. Because technology is bad, it makes people lazy. 观点模糊（未明确 “是否让生活更轻松”）；理由片面且语法错误（逗号不可连接两个独立句） I don’t fully agree that technology makes life easier. Although it brings convenience, it may make some people rely too much on it and become lazy. 三、变式训练（改编真题 + 答题模板 + 语法纠错提示） 改编题干（基于 2025 年全国卷阅读表达）： Should students learn traditional crafts at school? Give your reasons. 答题模板： From my perspective, students ________ (should/should not) learn traditional crafts at school. For one thing, ________. For another, ________. What’s more, ________. Thus, ________. 学生作答区： ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 模块 3：实战操练（核心：语法落地语篇 + 答题规范强化） Passage 1 There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea. 1．What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? 2．How does the app created by Sally and her friends help? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. 4．How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? (In about 40 words) Passage 2 Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 5．In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? 6．What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? 7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. 8．From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) Passage 3 1+1=MORE (or LESS) Why does one plus one equal two? One possible answer is simply “It just does!” or“ Because I said so!”— an answer that frustrates children for generations. But rather than asking why one plus one is two, let's question if it's always true. Sometimes, one plus one equals more than two, For example, if two pairs of tennis players get together, there are more than two pairs because they can play in different combinations. If the first pair is A and B, and the second is C and D, the possible pains are AB, AC, AD, BC, and CD — making six. Sometimes, one plus one equals just one, like when you combine two piles of sand or mix two colors there's only one pile or one color, Math isn’t just about finding the right answer, it's about building solid reasoning. This is why children need to learn different "strategies" for the same problem. Though parents often wonder if they can do something one way, why they need to know all these other ways? But different ways of thinking lead to deeper understanding and provide more ways to check if what you're doing is secure. Consider designing a jungle gym. We'd want to test it in every way to ensure it's safe — by jumping, swinging, or puling it apart — rather than simply trusting that it's well-built. The strength of math comes from questioning its framework so deeply. I hope that mathematics should be seen as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed. We should encourage curiosity and value those who pursue it, even when the journey is slow or uncertain. 9．According to the passage, when does one plus one equal just one? 10．What does the example of designing the jungle gym try to tell us? 11．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. >The strength of math lies in questioning its framework, so the math should be a place to explore fixed answers. 12．When exploring answers or solutions, what quality/qualities do we need and why?(In about 40 words) Passage 4: We Need to Talk... and Write A recent survey conducted by UNESCO reveals a significant decline in the ability of young people to express their thoughts and ideas. Half of the 1,333 participants admitted to having poor verbal skills, while 40% struggled with written expressions. Poor education could be a cause of poor communication skills, but that may not explain everything. Most of the participants were well-educated individuals in their 20s and 30s, with over 60% holding a bachelor’s degree or higher. The problem more likely resulted from the rise of digital communication, with young people now preferring texting short messages, which may limit their ability to engage in meaningful conversations and write complete sentences. Effective verbal and written communication skills are essential both in school and in the workplace. Warren Buffett, a famous investor, always urges young people to learn public speaking. It may be scary to speak in front of a group, but it boosts confidence. Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, is known for valuing the written word. He replaces PowerPoint presentations in meetings with “six-page, narratively-structured (叙事结构)” memos. Meetings start with each attendee sitting and silently reading a memo for the first 30 minutes. The decline in communication skills is a worldwide problem. In America, there is a movement among “homeschoolers” to. try to solve the problem by returning to ancient educational wisdom, the “Trivium”, which dates back to medieval times in Europe. The word comes from Latin and means “where three roads meet.” The subjects — the “three roads” — are grammar, rhetoric and logic. Grammar means learning how to write a complete and accurate sentence. Rhetoric is the use of similes (明喻), metaphors (暗喻) and other grammatical devices. And logic is the use of reason to discover what is true or not true, or what can be proved or disproved. Whether such classical education can help with the decline in communication skills remains to be seen, but it offers a glimmer of hope in this challenging situation. 13．What does the survey conducted by UNESCO reveal? 14．What is the main reason for young people’s poor communication skills? 15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Ancient educational wisdom is applied to address today’s communication decline in America, and it has already helped students improve expressive skills. 16．Besides the methods mentioned in the passage, what other ways would you use to improve your writing skills? (In about 40 words) Passage 5 Locals who frequent a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospital in Zhengzhou, Henan province, are often surprised when they are treated by a German doctor specializing in TCM with fluent Henan dialect. He is Joel Mikael Walker, a master’s student nearing graduation in the Henan University of Chinese Medicine. He skillfully performs techniques such as acupuncture (针灸), pulse diagnosis, and cupping therapy. Walker came to Henan province in 2015 when he was 20, because it is widely considered to be an important center for medical practice, education and research for traditional Chinese medicine. Now, he has fully adopted the lifestyle in Henan. On Chinese social media platforms, Walker is committed to promoting traditional Chinese medicine. His expertise in TCM fascinates Chinese netizens and he often uses ancient Chinese medical texts, for example, Huangdi Neijing, one of Chinese great medical works, to explain the philosophy behind the treatments. Other Chinese classics, such as Yijing, Zhuangzi, and Lunyu, which have long been foundation of Chinese philosophy, are also on Walker’s reading list. He takes pleasure in absorbing ancient wisdom because he finds many ideas deeply intertwined (交织) with TCM practices. One fundamental worldview of TCM highlights the balance, from which Walker himself benefited. In the past, he experienced significant emotional ups and downs, and tended to be somewhat stubborn, often viewing things from his own perspective. Now he has become more tolerant and approached issues from multiple angles with a more inclusive (包容的) perspective. In other words, his personality has also become more balanced. According to Walker, the unique wisdom rooted in Chinese culture can not only benefit physical well-being but can also extend beyond medicine and offer excellent guidance for the whole world. He stressed, “If more people could understand the TCM wisdom, the world would become more peaceful.” 17．What do we know about Walker? A．He is surprised at the locals’ dialect. B．He has gained a master’s degree in Henan. C．He has great skills of making acupuncture needles. D．He is a German good at traditional Chinese medicine. 18．Why did Walker come to Henan province? A．He intended to be popular online. B．Henan province is a centre for TCM. C．He desired to learn about its lifestyles. D．Henan province has rich natural resources. 19．What is the purpose of mentioning Walker’s emotional experiences? A．To show his positive changes. B．To prove the world is more peaceful. C．To introduce Chinese ancient classics. D．To share his ups and downs with the netizens. 20．Which of the following best describes Walker? A．Enthusiastic and kind. B．Courageous and calm. C．Cooperative and generous. D．Devoted and professional. Passage 6 The last time I visited my parents, I borrowed a novel from the shelves in my old bedroom. The books there once belonged to me, but over the decades, my father has taken over the space. It’s fitting. I grew up in a house full of books, free to explore anything, as long as I returned it. But that’s harder now. My parents, in their 80s, still live in Manhattan, while I’m in Los Angeles. The book I grabbed was a novel by S. A．Cosby. At first, I was surprised my father knew of him, but why not? For as long as I can remember, he’s been a regular at his neighborhood bookstore. He used to say he wouldn’t mind aging as long as he could read. Even now, I often find him with a book, though I fear he’s begun to fall out of the narrative (叙述). I didn’t read the book until I was back in Southern California. I didn’t want my father to know I had the book. I didn’t want him to feel any stress about it, though the two of us have been talking books ever since I was 12. I didn’t want to know what he might or might not recall. Opening it felt like opening a conversation with my father, retracing his steps and reading through his eyes. I enjoyed the novel, though that’s beside the point. What struck me most was a plotline about feeling sad for one’s parents, a process I’m beginning to understand. When I finished, I ran my fingers over my father’s mark on the cover, those letters he’d pressed into the cover with a hand-held metal press, spelling out a name the same as mine. Then I slipped the book into my suitcase, certain to return it next time I visit. 21．Why is it fitting for the father to take over the author’s old space? A．Because both are attached to reading. B．Because the father loves collecting books. C．Because the author’s books are preserved there. D．Because the father needs space for bookshelves. 22．Why did the author not want his father to know he had the book? A．To put the book into his own collection. B．To avoid pressure on his father to discuss it. C．To free his father from too much reading. D．To maintain a sense of privacy in reading. 23．How did the author feel while reading Cosby’s novel? A．Inspired by the plotline. B．Connected to his father. C．Eager to share with others. D．Surprised at his father’s mark. 24．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Returning Home B．Love through Pages C．The Power of Books D．My Father, a Great Reader Passage 7 As a student, I spent many days and nights standing on a forested slope in the rain. I loved the outdoors, and it was more like play than work. I was thrilled when I could connect what I saw to what I read. My ideas seemed to flow like the stream I was trying to understand. When I started my first teaching position, I no longer had the freedom to focus purely on research or think deeply about any given topic. I was consumed by pressing management demands and my creative stream narrowed. A decade later, I moved to a new university and was able to return to the topic I studied for my Ph. D．research. I found that if I could be in the moment with my students and act as a sounding board for new ideas — and not be distracted by my mid-career responsibilities — then I could play a part in their creative thought process. Creativity crept back into my work life, but I hadn’t yet found a way to stimulate my own deep thinking. Another decade had passed before I learned how to get my own creative stream flowing again. After accepting a position in my hometown, I had a few months between jobs when I was as free as a bird. And that’s when my first real post-Ph. D．eureka moment (顿悟) struck, while I was at a gym watching the rain fall onto a lawn outside. I was able to visualize similar processes that I had been trying to understand. But it was even more thrilling because it was a type of thought that I worried had permanently dried up. It was clear that I needed to slow down and experience the rain more often! In this new job, I tried to heed (留心) this enlightenment. I made a point to think and write a little bit at home each morning, in a room overlooking the large river. After that, I’d cycle to work along the banks, which helped me process those ideas and remember my daily goal of being curious. Fun drove what I worked on. And soon enough, I had new ideas to bring to the table. I now encourage my students to disconnect and take time out to think, to play, to have fun with their research. And to make these things a permanent habit in their lives. I also tell them to pay attention to the conditions and places that foster their curiosity and ability to think deeply. By openly discussing creativity, I hope we can help the next generation of scientists avoid losing it along the way, as I did. 25．What situation did the author find himself in when he started the first teaching position? A．He lost interest in his research. B．He couldn’t think clearly anymore. C．He was not as creative as before. D．He was heavily demanded by students. 26．What can we know about the author after he moved to a new university? A．He helped students with their Ph. D．research. B．He discovered a new topic for his mid-career. C．He began to take on more career responsibilities. D．He engaged himself in students’ thinking process. 27．How did the author feel during his free time in his hometown? A．Energetic and proud. B．Inspired and refreshed. C．Thrilled and supported. D．Curious and adventurous. 28．What can we learn from the author’s experience? A．East or west, home is the best. B．Small streams make great rivers. C．Creativity is the mother of invention. D．All work no play makes Jack a dull boy. Passage 8 When photojournalist Jasper Doest arrived in the Transylvanian Alps to document the coexistence of humans and wildlife, he found a story on the side of the road — a group of bears begging for food. This close encounter led to incredible photographs. But it also emphasizes the hurdles that conservationists (自然环境保护主义者) in Romania and elsewhere face in their efforts to restore and protect wild places. Tourists attracted by the region’s brown bears often give in to the temptation to feed them This can have disastrous effects. Usually shy around people, it takes just a few meals to get bears hooked on human food — and, after that, they don’t stay wild long. Instead, they can become dependent on humans for food, fueling more bear-human run-ins and putting bears in danger when they get too close. This region has seen a rise in bear-human conflicts. In 2023, there were 95 bear incidents, and a hiker was fatally mauled. This prompted officials to raise the annual bear kill quota. Doest also documented an attacked mother bear whose leg had been lost, forced to beg for food along the road. Bears fed by humans become “problem bears”, fueling local opposition to rewilding (再野生化) projects, as more forests mean more bears. While driving on a mountain pass, Doest and his assistant realized the bears were waiting for human handouts. They had completely changed their behavior. Doest saw other examples of how tourists’ handouts had changed the ecosystem. As he watched people feeding bears snacks like doughnuts, he realized the story of conversation in the region was as much about people as wildlife. “It isn’t just about rewilding — it’s about the opportunities and struggles rewilding brings us,” he says. “It’s about how to accept nature in our lives, and how we could benefit if we do it the right way.” So don’t feed the bears. You could save an animal’s life, and a community’s commitment to wildlife conservation. 29．What does the underlined word “hurdles” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Challenges. B．Responsibilities. C．Measures. D．Dangers. 30．What is the main reason for the increase in bear-human conflicts in the region? A．The growing number of tourists. B．The expansion of human settlements. C．The bears’ dependence on human food. D．The decrease in natural food sources for bears. 31．Why do some locals oppose rewilding projects? A．They believe that rewilding will attract more tourists. B．They fear that rewilding will harm the local economy. C．They think that rewilding is not effective in protecting wildlife. D．They worry that rewilding will cause more bear-human conflicts. 32．What is the author’s attitude towards feeding bears? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. Passage 9 One of the world’s rarest birds, the greater adjutant stork (大秃鹳), known locally as the Hargila was once considered “disease carrier” and “ugly” by the villagers in Assam who would destroy their nests. Dr Purnima Devi Barman, an Indian wildlife biologist, has been committed to protecting the endangered birds and changing the opinion of villagers. Barman’s love of animals started at age five while she lived with her grandparents by the Brahmaputra River, where she often encountered all sorts of birds coming to the fields and wetlands. Recalling one of the moments that changed her life, Barman said that while she was doing her PhD paper on the greater adjutant stork, she got a call telling her that a villager had cut the nest-tree of adjutant storks and nine chicks fell down. When she communicated with the villager and his neighbours, she was shouted at and laughed at. “The villager was so angry at me for rescuing the birds. One of his neighbours said that ‘we cannot keep it in our backyard. It makes our area very dirty and smelly’,” Barman recalled. But with her tireless effort, she managed to change his views and the villager joined her in protecting the birds. “After that, I experienced the power of the community and decided-to make use of it for stork conservation,” Barman added. She then started the Hargila Army of villagers, especially the network of thousands of families across villages who travel door to door with her in spreading awareness and educating people about stork conservation. “Initially women hesitated to come out and volunteer. But one day, I organized a cooking contest and scores of people participated and that’s how all our gatherings revolved (围绕) around stork conservation and restoring their ecosystem. Slowly and gradually, we increased the network, and now we are saving many other endangered species,” Barman said. 33．What has led to the decrease of the storks in Assam? A．The attack of diseases. B．High demand for wood. C．Villagers’ negative attitude. D．Ignorance of their situation: 34．What drove Barman to found “the Hargila Army of villagers”? A．Her bird-watching experience. B．Her PhD study on the bird. C．Her effort to prevent tree cutting. D．Her communication with a villager. 35．How did Barman involve women at first? A．By visiting them door to door. B．By organising a cooking contest: C．By giving away food to them. D．By hosting voluntary activities. 36．What can we learn about Barman from her deeds? A．She strives to preserve wildlife. B．She values diverse views. C．She prioritises academic education. D．She cares about villagers’ welfare. Passage 10 This week I visited Cambodia, and it could not have come at a “hotter” time, in the most literal sense of the word, because the temperatures in Siem Reap were almost 7°C above average. The night before, it rained in a few areas, and I could see the excitement around me with many calling their families to say, “It rained in my village!” But this sadly seemed to be an exception. In most areas of the country, farmers have been unable to plant the second rice crop, leading to economic hardship. As I made my way, in the sweltering heat, to visit a secondary school in the rural area in Siem Reap. As I walked from classroom to classroom, I wondered how learning outcomes must be impacted by the heat waves, and what would happen to the ability of children to learn, to play and to progress in school. But what made me excited was learning about the after-school programme on handling environmental challenges. As temperatures are rising, so are children rising to the occasion. Through the life skills training programme, students in Grade 9, learn to analyse problems, learn to work together, learn to find solutions. The programme also helps them to understand the environmental challenges of today’s world and how as young people they can be part of the solution. In the afternoon, I went to see the impact of their work in the field. We had lunch with the community leaders and youth volunteers as well as a 12-year-old student from the school. They showed me what they had done in terms of waste management. The village was clean and green. And the community leader said to me, “I am grateful for this programme.” During the chat I thought young people can be and must be part of the solution. They may not be rainmakers, but they certainly are change makers! 37．What does the author mean by saying the underlined words? A．Lack of rain is bad for planting crop. B．Raining less upsets some Cambodians. C．Cambodia is suffering from drought. D．Some of Cambodians dislike heave rain. 38．What did the author feel when seeing Cambodian students? A．Concerned. B．Full of admiration. C．Annoyed. D．Filled with stress. 39．What is the purpose of setting up the programme? A．To improve the students’ life skills. B．To demonstrate environmental protection. C．To introduce a new method to deal with waste. D．To improve students’ awareness of protecting their environment. 40．What is the main topic of paragraph 5? A．The process of waste management in the village. B．The author’s lunch experience with different people. C．The introduction of the after-school programme in detail. D．The impact of students’ work on the village environment. ( - 1 - ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读表达 思维导图 模块 1：语法赋能阅读（聚焦语篇中高频语法的 “理解作用”） 核心目标 掌握从句、非谓语、特殊句式在阅读中的功能，通过语法分析拆分长句、理清逻辑关系，快速定位关键信息，提升细节题和推理题的解题准确率。 第一节：从句的语篇衔接作用（定语从句 / 状语从句 / 名词性从句） 一、语法功能解读 从句是语篇中衔接句子、丰富语义的核心语法结构，掌握其功能可快速拆分长句、定位逻辑关系： 定语从句：修饰名词 / 代词（先行词），拆分主句与从句可精准获取名词的修饰信息（如特征、时间、地点、原因），避免因长修饰成分混淆主干句意。 → 拆分技巧：先找先行词（被修饰的名词 / 代词），再看引导词在从句中作何成分（主语 / 宾语 / 状语），剥离从句后先译主句，再补充从句信息。 状语从句：表时间、原因、结果、转折、条件等逻辑关系，明确主句与从句的语义关联，帮助判断上下文逻辑走向（如 “转折关系” 提示重点在从句）。 → 拆分技巧：识别引导词（when/because/so/but/if 等），区分主句（核心语义）和从句（逻辑补充），优先抓主句核心。 名词性从句（主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 同位语从句）：充当句子核心成分（主语、宾语等），直接承载关键信息（如观点、事实、结论）。 → 拆分技巧：找连接词（that/what/whether 等），判断从句在句中作用，若为宾语从句可先定位主句谓语动词，再提取从句内容。 2、 高考真题语篇片段 片段 1（定语从句密集）（改编自 2023 年新课标 I 卷语法填空）：The library, which was founded in 1920 and has collected over 500,000 books that cover various fields such as history, science and literature, is a popular place for students who want to do research or borrow reference books. Last week, the library launched a new service that allows readers to reserve books online and pick them up at the front desk, which has greatly saved students’ time. 【语法标注】： 非限制性定语从句：① which was founded...literature（修饰 library）；② which has greatly saved...（修饰前文整个句子） 限制性定语从句：① that cover various fields...（修饰 books）；② who want to do research...（修饰 students）；③ that allows readers...（修饰 service） 片段 2（状语从句密集）（改编自 2024 年全国卷 II 语法填空）：Although online shopping has become increasingly convenient, many elderly people still prefer to buy groceries in physical stores because they can check the quality of products in person. When they go shopping, they often chat with shop owners, which not only strengthens social bonds but also makes their daily life more colorful. If young people take time to teach their parents how to use shopping apps, the elderly may be more willing to try new ways of shopping. 【语法标注】： 让步状语从句：Although online shopping...convenient 原因状语从句：because they can check...in person 时间状语从句：When they go shopping 条件状语从句：If young people take time...apps 三、针对性设问（细节题 / 推理题） 针对片段 1（定语从句）： 细节题：What is the library’s new service?（定位定语从句 that allows readers to...） 细节题：Who likes to visit the library?（定位定语从句 who want to do research...） 推理题：Why is the library popular among students?（结合定语从句修饰的 books 特征和 new service 功能推理） 针对片段 2（状语从句）： 细节题：Why do many elderly people prefer physical stores?（定位原因状语从句 because they can...） 推理题：What can we infer from the last sentence?（结合条件状语从句 If young people... 推理） 细节题：What do elderly people do when shopping in physical stores?（定位时间状语从句 When they go shopping 后的内容） 四、解题步骤示范（以片段 1 第 1 题为例） 审题：题干问 “图书馆的新服务是什么”，关键词 “new service”； 定位：在原文找到 “launched a new service”，其后紧跟定语从句 that allows readers to reserve books online and pick them up at the front desk； 拆分：主句 “the library launched a new service”，定语从句修饰 “service”，核心信息为 “reserve books online + pick up at front desk”； 组织答案：整合从句信息，用简洁语言表达 → It allows readers to reserve books online and pick them up at the front desk. 第二节：非谓语动词简化长句的理解技巧 一、语法功能解读 非谓语动词（doing/to do/done）是语篇中简化长句的核心手段，避免句子结构重复，其理解关键在于： 识别非谓语的逻辑主语：通常是句子主语或空前 / 后的名词 / 代词； 判断逻辑关系 主动关系用 doing 被动关系用 done 目的 / 将来用 to do 拆分语义：非谓语在句中作定语、状语或补语，先剥离非谓语成分找到句子主干，再补充非谓语的修饰 / 补充信息（如 “doing 作伴随状语” 表同时发生的动作）。 3、 高考真题语篇片段 片段 1（改编自 2023 年全国乙卷语法填空）：A group of volunteers from the local community spent last weekend cleaning up the park located in the city center. Carrying bags and gloves, they picked up plastic bottles, paper and other rubbish left by visitors. Some volunteers taught children playing in the park how to classify waste, hoping to raise their environmental awareness. To make the park more beautiful, they also planted dozens of young trees and watered the flowers growing along the paths. 【语法标注】： 过去分词作定语：located in the city center（修饰 park）；left by visitors（修饰 rubbish）；growing along the paths（修饰 flowers） 现在分词作状语：Carrying bags and gloves（伴随状语，逻辑主语 they）；hoping to raise...（结果状语，逻辑主语 some volunteers） 不定式作目的状语：To make the park more beautiful 现在分词作定语：playing in the park（修饰 children） 片段 2（改编自 2021 年浙江卷语法填空）：The report released by the research team shows that the number of people choosing to travel by high-speed rail has increased by 30% in the past year. Compared with other means of transportation, high-speed rail is praised for being fast, comfortable and environmentally friendly. To meet the growing demand, railway companies have added more trains and improved the booking system, making travel more convenient for passengers. 【语法标注】： 过去分词作定语：released by the research team（修饰 report） 现在分词作定语：choosing to travel by high-speed rail（修饰 people） 过去分词作状语：Compared with other means...（逻辑主语 high-speed rail） 不定式作目的状语：To meet the growing demand 现在分词作结果状语：making travel more convenient...（逻辑主语前文整个句子） 三、针对性设问（细节题 / 推理题） 针对片段 1： 细节题：What did the volunteers do to raise children’s environmental awareness?（定位现在分词短语 hoping to... 对应的动作） 细节题：Where is the park that the volunteers cleaned up?（定位过去分词短语 located in...） 推理题：Why did the volunteers plant young trees?（定位不定式作目的状语 To make the park more beautiful） 针对片段 2： 细节题：What are the advantages of high-speed rail?（定位过去分词短语 praised for being...） 细节题：How has the number of high-speed rail travelers changed?（定位现在分词短语 choosing to travel... 修饰的主语对应的数据） 推理题：What measures have railway companies taken?（定位不定式作目的状语 To meet... 后的动作） 四、解题步骤示范（以片段 2 第 1 题为例） 审题：题干问 “高铁的优势是什么”，关键词 “advantages of high-speed rail”； 定位：找到原文 “high-speed rail is praised for being fast, comfortable and environmentally friendly”，其中 “praised for” 后接优势，“being fast...” 为动名词短语作介词宾语； 拆分：句子主干 “high-speed rail is praised”，非谓语短语 “being fast...friendly” 补充被称赞的原因（即优势）； 组织答案：直接提取非谓语短语中的核心形容词 → It is fast, comfortable and environmentally friendly. 第三节：特殊句式（倒装 / 强调）的语义侧重 一、语法功能解读 特殊句式（倒装、强调）的核心作用是 “突出语义重点”，阅读中需快速识别句式特征，定位强调内容： 强调句（It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...）： → 功能：强调主语、宾语、状语（时间 / 地点 / 原因等），被强调部分即为语义核心； → 识别技巧：去掉 “It is/was + that/who”，句子仍完整通顺。 倒装句（部分倒装：助动词 / 情态动词提前；完全倒装：谓语动词提前）： → 功能：强调地点、时间、否定词、only 等开头的内容，或使句子结构平衡； → 高频类型：① Only + 状语开头（部分倒装）；② 否定词（Never/Not/Nowhere 等）开头（部分倒装）；③ There be 句型（完全倒装）。 二、高考真题语篇片段 片段 1（强调句密集）（改编自 2025 年全国 I 卷语法填空）：It was in the small village where he spent his childhood that he developed a strong interest in traditional music. It was his grandfather who taught him to play the erhu and told him stories about folk artists. It was not until he entered university that he decided to devote his life to protecting and developing traditional music. 【语法标注】： 强调句 1：It was in the small village...that he developed...（强调地点状语 in the small village） 强调句 2：It was his grandfather who taught him...（强调主语 his grandfather） 强调句 3：It was not until he entered university that he decided...（强调时间状语 not until he entered university） 片段 2（倒装句密集）（改编自 2023 年新课标 II 卷语法填空）：Never before have we seen such rapid development in renewable energy. Only when we take action to reduce pollution can we protect our planet. Here lies the key to solving the environmental problem: balancing economic growth with ecological protection. 【语法标注】： 部分倒装 1：Never before have we seen...（否定词 Never 开头，助动词 have 提前） 部分倒装 2：Only when...can we protect...（Only + 时间状语从句开头，情态动词 can 提前） 完全倒装：Here lies the key...（地点副词 Here 开头，谓语动词 lies 提前） 三、针对性设问（细节题 / 推理题） 针对片段 1（强调句）： 细节题：Where did he develop his interest in traditional music?（定位强调句 1 被强调的地点状语） 细节题：Who taught him to play the erhu?（定位强调句 2 被强调的主语） 推理题：When did he decide to protect traditional music?（定位强调句 3 被强调的时间状语） 针对片段 2（倒装句）： 推理题：What can we infer from the first sentence?（定位否定词开头的倒装句，强调 “从未有过的快速发展”） 细节题：What is the key to solving the environmental problem?（定位完全倒装句 Here lies the key...） 细节题：Under what condition can we protect our planet?（定位 Only + 状语开头的倒装句，还原主句逻辑） 四、解题步骤示范（以片段 2 第 3 题为例） 审题：题干问 “在什么条件下我们能保护地球”，关键词 “condition + protect our planet”； 定位：找到原文 “Only when we take action to reduce pollution can we protect our planet”，该句为 Only + 时间状语从句开头的部分倒装； 还原句式：将倒装句还原为正常语序 → We can protect our planet only when we take action to reduce pollution； 提取核心：被强调的条件是 “take action to reduce pollution” 组织答案 → We can protect our planet only when we take action to reduce pollution.（或简化为 By taking action to reduce pollution.） 模块 2：语法优化表达（聚焦阅读表达答题的 “语法准确性”） 核心目标 针对期末常考题型（细节回答、推理概括、观点表达），明确答题的语法要求，通过真题示例和变式训练，实现 “语法正确、表达简洁、符合规范”。 第一节：细节回答题（直接提取信息 + 语法规范） 一、答题语法要求 时态一致：严格遵循原文时态（如原文用一般过去时，答题不可用一般现在时）； 语序正确：避免从句语序混乱（如特殊疑问句不可漏助动词，宾语从句用陈述语序）； 词形规范：名词单复数、动词形式（过去式 / 过去分词）、代词指代准确； 简洁性：无需冗余信息，直接回应问题（可用短语 / 短句，无需完整长句，但语法需正确）。 二、高考真题答题示例（标注出处） 真题题干（2022 年北京卷阅读表达改编）： What did the author do to help the elderly neighbor last weekend? （原文片段：Last weekend, I helped my elderly neighbor clean her house, buy groceries and repair her broken radio.） 满分答案： He/She helped the elderly neighbor clean her house, buy groceries and repair her broken radio. 语法点评： 时态正确：用一般过去时 helped 呼应原文 Last weekend； 并列结构：clean, buy, repair 为并列不定式，符合 “help sb. do sth.” 固定搭配； 指代清晰：用 He/She 指代 author，避免指代模糊； 信息完整：直接提取原文三个动作，无遗漏、无冗余。 易错答案对比（附纠错）： 易错答案 错误原因（语法问题） 纠错后答案 I help the neighbor clean house. 时态错误（help→helped）；指代错误（I→He/She）；名词单复数（house→her house） He/She helped the elderly neighbor clean her house. He helped the neighbor to buy groceries and repaired radio. 并列结构不一致（to buy→buy）；词形错误（repaired→repair）；缺少定语（broken radio） He helped the elderly neighbor buy groceries and repair her broken radio. 三、变式训练（改编真题 + 答题模板 + 语法纠错提示） 改编题干（基于 2023 年新课标 I 卷阅读表达）： What does the school require students to do before the camping trip?（原文片段：The school requires all students to pack warm clothes, bring a first-aid kit and sign a safety agreement before the camping trip.） 答题模板： The school requires students to ________, ________ and ________.（并列不定式结构，保持动词原形） 学生作答区： ____________________________________________________________________________________ 参考满分答案： The school requires students to pack warm clothes, bring a first-aid kit and sign a safety agreement. 语法纠错提示： 时态：原文用一般现在时 requires，答题需保持一致，不可用 required； 并列结构：pack, bring, sign 需用原形，不可加 to 或变形式； 名词短语：warm clothes（复数）、first-aid kit（单数，需加 a）、safety agreement（单数，需加 a）。 第二节：推理概括题（整合信息 + 语法简化） 一、答题语法要求 简化表达：多用非谓语动词（doing/done/to do）、名词化短语替代长句，避免重复； 逻辑清晰：用连接词（however/therefore/besides 等）衔接信息，体现因果 / 转折 / 并列关系； 时态统一：概括类答案多用一般现在时（表客观事实 / 规律），推理类答案需呼应原文时态； 主谓一致：不可因简化句子导致主语与谓语单复数不一致（如 “many students” 后不可用 “is”）； 指代准确：避免代词指代模糊（如 “they” 需明确指代前文的复数名词）。 二、高考真题答题示例 真题题干（2021 年全国甲卷阅读表达）： What can we conclude from the passage about DIY? （原文片段：DIY, which stands for "do it yourself", has become increasingly popular among young people. It allows people to save money, develop practical skills and create unique items. Many people find DIY a meaningful activity that strengthens family bonds when they work together on projects.） 满分答案： DIY is popular among young people because it helps save money, develop practical skills, create unique items and strengthen family bonds. 语法点评： 简化表达：用名词短语 “DIY” 作主语，避免重复原文定义；用不定式 “to save...develop...create...” 简化并列谓语，符合概括题简洁要求； 逻辑清晰：用 “because” 衔接因果关系，准确整合原文 “popular” 与后续优势的关联； 时态正确：用一般现在时 “is popular/helps” 表客观事实，呼应原文时态； 主谓一致：主语 “DIY” 为单数，谓语 “is” 保持一致。 易错答案对比（附纠错）： 易错答案 错误原因（语法问题） 纠错后答案 DIY is popular, they can save money and make unique things. 指代模糊（they 无明确指代）；句子结构混乱（两个独立句无连接词） DIY is popular because it allows people to save money and make unique things. Young people like DIY, because it help them develop skills. 主谓不一致（it 后用 help→helps）；逗号多余（because 引导从句不可加逗号） Young people like DIY because it helps them develop skills. 三、变式训练（改编真题 + 答题模板 + 语法纠错提示） 改编题干（基于 2024 年新课标 II 卷阅读表达）： What is the main idea of the passage about urban gardening? （原文片段：Urban gardening refers to growing plants in cities, such as on balconies, rooftops or community gardens. It not only improves air quality but also provides people with fresh vegetables and flowers. Besides, it helps reduce stress and build a sense of community among neighbors.） 答题模板： Urban gardening is ________ that ________, ________ and ________.（第一空填名词性短语，后三空填并列谓语 / 非谓语短语） 学生作答区：_________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 参考满分答案： Urban gardening is a popular activity in cities that improves air quality, provides fresh vegetables and flowers, and helps reduce stress and build community bonds. 语法纠错提示： 简化表达：用 “a meaningful activity” 等名词性短语概括核心属性，避免冗长定义； 逻辑衔接：用 “not only...but also...besides” 等连接词整合多个优势，不可遗漏关键信息； 非谓语运用：可将 “improves/provides/helps” 简化为 “improves air quality, provides fresh produce and reduces stress”，保持结构一致。 第三节：观点表达题（明确立场 + 语法严谨） 一、答题语法要求 立场清晰：用明确的观点句式（如 “I think.../In my opinion.../From my perspective...”）开头； 理由充分：用连接词（firstly/secondly/besides/therefore 等）衔接观点与理由，逻辑连贯； 语法准确：虚拟语气（如建议用 “should do”）、情态动词（如 “must/should/can”）运用恰当； 句式多样：避免重复简单句，可适当用从句（定语从句 / 状语从句）丰富表达； 时态适配：观点用一般现在时，举例可用一般过去时（具体事例）或一般现在时（普遍情况）。 二、高考真题答题示例 真题题干（2023 年北京卷阅读表达）： Do you agree that technology makes our life easier? Why or why not?（要求：观点明确，理由充分，语法正确） 满分答案： In my opinion, technology does make our life easier. Firstly, online shopping allows us to buy products without going out, which saves a lot of time. Secondly, communication tools like WeChat and Zoom help us keep in touch with friends and family far away easily. Besides, smart devices such as smartphones and tablets provide convenient access to information and online courses. Therefore, I believe technology has greatly improved our quality of life. 语法点评： 立场清晰：用 “In my opinion” 开头，明确支持观点；结尾用 “Therefore” 总结，呼应开头； 逻辑连贯：用 “firstly/secondly/besides” 分点阐述理由，层次分明； 语法多样：运用定语从句（which saves...）、介词短语（without going out）、名词短语（smart devices such as...）丰富句式； 情态 / 时态正确：用一般现在时 “allows/helps/provides” 表普遍情况，用 “has improved” 表现在完成时（强调对现在的影响）。 易错答案对比（附纠错）： 易错答案 错误原因（语法问题） 纠错后答案 I agree technology make life easier, because we can shop online and chat with friends. 缺少连接词（agree 后加 that）；主谓不一致（technology 后 make→makes） I agree that technology makes life easier because we can shop online and chat with friends easily. I don’t agree. Because technology is bad, it makes people lazy. 观点模糊（未明确 “是否让生活更轻松”）；理由片面且语法错误（逗号不可连接两个独立句） I don’t fully agree that technology makes life easier. Although it brings convenience, it may make some people rely too much on it and become lazy. 三、变式训练（改编真题 + 答题模板 + 语法纠错提示） 改编题干（基于 2025 年全国卷阅读表达）： Should students learn traditional crafts at school? Give your reasons. 答题模板： From my perspective, students ________ (should/should not) learn traditional crafts at school. For one thing, ________. For another, ________. What’s more, ________. Thus, ________. 学生作答区： ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考满分答案： From my perspective, students should learn traditional crafts at school. For one thing, it helps inherit traditional culture that is an important part of our history. For another, learning traditional crafts can develop their practical skills and creativity. What’s more, it allows students to experience the beauty of handwork and strengthen cultural confidence. Thus, I believe learning traditional crafts is beneficial for students’ all-round development. 语法纠错提示： 立场明确：开头直接用 “should/should not” 表明态度，不可模棱两可； 理由衔接：用 “For one thing/For another/What’s more” 分点，每个理由用完整句子表达（如 “it helps inherit traditional culture”）； 句式升级：可在理由中加入定语从句（“traditional crafts that are part of our culture”）或不定式（“to develop practical skills”）； 情态运用：建议用 “should”，必要性用 “must”，可能性用 “can”，避免混用（如 “should must learn” 错误）。 模块 3：实战操练（核心：语法落地语篇 + 答题规范强化） Passage 1 There’s something magical about the way imagination works. Around the world, kids are using imagination in ways that were once only found in science fiction. Take the story of Mark Lee. He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. Instead of simply complaining, he decided to do something about it. Using an old 3D printer, Mark started experimenting. He melted (熔化) plastic bottles down and tried shaping them into small bricks. At first, everything went wrong — the plastic broke, the printer jammed, and the pieces didn’t fit together. Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. But Mark had a different idea. He redesigned the bricks to lock together like puzzle (拼图) pieces and adjusted the heating temperature carefully. After months of trial and error, he succeeded. With a little help from his school and the local community centre, Mark used his bricks to build a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood. And he’s not alone. Thirteen-year-old Sally Carter loved reading fantasy books. Inspired by magical maps in her stories, she wondered: what if we could build a real-world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. Their app quickly grew popular in town and even won a local youth innovation award. Next time you see a young person lost in thought, don’t rush to pull them back. They might just be imagining the next great idea. 1．What upset Mark when he was biking around his neighbourhood? 2．How does the app created by Sally and her friends help? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > With encouragement from his friends and parents, Mark built a small bike shelter for his neighbourhood after months of trial and error. 4．How can you put your imagination into practice as Mark and Sally did? (In about 40 words) 【答案】1．Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 2．It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 3． According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 4．First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. Learn  relevant skills if needed, persist through setbacks, and ask friends or communities for help to keep trying despite difficulties to turn your ideas into real solutions. 【难度】0.85 【知识点】生活故事、发明与创造 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Mark Lee和Sally Carter两位青少年发挥想象力并付诸实践的故事，鼓励年轻人积极发挥想象力，勇敢尝试。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“He loved biking around his neighbourhood but grew upset seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. (他喜欢在社区里骑自行车，但看到公园和人行道上到处都是塑料瓶，他很沮丧。)” 可知，让Mark沮丧的是看到公园和人行道上有很多塑料瓶。故填 Seeing that many plastic bottles littered the parks and sidewalks. 2．考查细节理解。根据第五段“what if we could build a real - world app that helps people explore hidden places in their own cities? She gathered friends, learned some basic programming, and together they created an app that maps small local parks and gardens few people knew about. (如果我们能开发一个现实世界的应用程序，帮助人们探索他们自己城市里隐藏的地方会怎么样呢？她召集了朋友们，学习了一些基本的编程知识，然后他们一起开发了一个应用程序，该程序可以绘制出很少有人知道的当地小公园和花园的地图。)” 可知，Sally和她朋友创建的应用程序帮助人们探索自己城市里像小公园和花园这样隐藏的地方。故填It helps people explore hidden places like small local parks and gardens in their own cities. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up. (朋友们有点嘲笑，甚至Mark的父母都认为他应该放弃。)” 可知，Mark并没有得到朋友和父母的鼓励，所以“With encouragement from his friends and parents” 这部分是错误的。故填According to the passage, friends laughed a little, and even Mark’s parents thought he should just give up; so this part With encouragement from his friends and parents is false. 4．考查开放性试题。结合Mark和Sally的故事，可知他们都是先发现问题或有想法，然后勇敢尝试，必要时学习相关技能，面对困难坚持不懈。故填First, spot a problem you care about. Then, experiment boldly or create. Learn relevant skills if needed, persist through setbacks, and ask friends or communities for help to keep trying despite difficulties to turn your ideas into real solutions. Passage 2 Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 5．In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? 6．What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? 7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. 8．From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) 【答案】5．The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 6．The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 7．The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 8．In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. (答案言之有理即可) 【难度】0.65 【知识点】哲理感悟、个人经历 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。 5．考查细节理解。根据第二段“As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. (当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划)”可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. (我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训)”可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 7．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 8．开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案为：In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. Passage 3 1+1=MORE (or LESS) Why does one plus one equal two? One possible answer is simply “It just does!” or“ Because I said so!”— an answer that frustrates children for generations. But rather than asking why one plus one is two, let's question if it's always true. Sometimes, one plus one equals more than two, For example, if two pairs of tennis players get together, there are more than two pairs because they can play in different combinations. If the first pair is A and B, and the second is C and D, the possible pains are AB, AC, AD, BC, and CD — making six. Sometimes, one plus one equals just one, like when you combine two piles of sand or mix two colors there's only one pile or one color, Math isn’t just about finding the right answer, it's about building solid reasoning. This is why children need to learn different "strategies" for the same problem. Though parents often wonder if they can do something one way, why they need to know all these other ways? But different ways of thinking lead to deeper understanding and provide more ways to check if what you're doing is secure. Consider designing a jungle gym. We'd want to test it in every way to ensure it's safe — by jumping, swinging, or puling it apart — rather than simply trusting that it's well-built. The strength of math comes from questioning its framework so deeply. I hope that mathematics should be seen as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed. We should encourage curiosity and value those who pursue it, even when the journey is slow or uncertain. 9．According to the passage, when does one plus one equal just one? 10．What does the example of designing the jungle gym try to tell us? 11．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why. >The strength of math lies in questioning its framework, so the math should be a place to explore fixed answers. 12．When exploring answers or solutions, what quality/qualities do we need and why?(In about 40 words) 【答案】9．When you combine two piles of sand or mix two colors there's only one pile or one color. 10．The example tries to tell us that different ways of thinking lead to deeper understanding and provide more ways to check if what we're doing is secure. 11．The strength of math lies in questioning its framework, so the math should be a place to explore fixed answers. According to the passage, the strength of math lies in questioning its framework, so the author thinks that math should be a place to pose questions and explore answers rather than a place with fixed answers. 12．When exploring answers or solutions, we need curiosity and an open mind. On the one hand, curiosity drives us to raise questions and seek knowledge for better solutions. And an open mind enables us to consider various possibilities and perspectives, which can enhance our motivation for further exploration with the fuel of curiosity. 【难度】0.65 【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、哲理感悟 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了数学中 “1+1 是否总是等于 2” 的问题，指出数学不仅是寻找正确答案，更是建立可靠推理的过程，强调数学应是一个能提出问题并探索答案的地方，鼓励人们保持好奇心和开放的心态。 9．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Sometimes, one plus one equals just one, like when you combine two piles of sand or mix two colors there's only one pile or one color(有时，一加一等于一，就像当你合并两堆沙子或混合两种颜色时，就只有一堆沙子或一种颜色了)”可知，当合并两堆沙子或混合两种颜色时，一加一等于一。故填When you combine two piles of sand or mix two colors, there's only one pile or one color. 10．考查推理判断。根据第三段“Though parents often wonder if they can do something one way, why they need to know all these other ways? But different ways of thinking lead to deeper understanding and provide more ways to check if what you're doing is secure. Consider designing a jungle gym. We'd want to test it in every way to ensure it's safe — by jumping, swinging, or pulling it apart — rather than simply trusting that it's well-built. (尽管父母常常想知道如果他们能用一种方式做某件事，为什么还需要知道所有其他方式呢？但是不同的思维方式会带来更深入的理解，并提供更多方法来检查你正在做的事情是否可靠。考虑设计一个儿童游乐场。我们会想用各种方式来测试它以确保它是安全的 —— 通过跳跃、荡秋千或把它拆开 —— 而不是仅仅相信它建造得很好)”可推知，设计儿童游乐场的例子是为了表明不同的思维方式会带来更深入的理解，并提供更多方法来检查所做事情的可靠性。故填The example tries to tell us that different ways of thinking lead to deeper understanding and provide more ways to check if what we're doing is secure. 11．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“The strength of math comes from questioning its framework so deeply.(数学的力量来自于对其框架的深刻质疑)”以及根据最后一段 “I hope that mathematics should be seen as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed.(我希望数学应该被看作是一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个答案固定的地方)”可推知，“数学是一个探索固定答案的地方” 这一观点与作者想法不符，是错误的。故 “explore fixed answers” 错误，原因是：数学的力量在于质疑它的框架，所以数学应该是探索固定答案的地方。根据文章，数学的力量在于质疑它的框架，所以作者认为数学应该是一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个固定答案的地方。故填The strength of math lies in questioning its framework, so the math should be a place to explore fixed answers. According to the passage, the strength of math lies in questioning its framework, so the author thinks that math should be a place to pose questions and explore answers rather than a place with fixed answers. 12．开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。如根据最后一段“I hope that mathematics should be seen as a place to pose questions and explore answers, rather than a place where the answers are fixed. We should encourage curiosity and value those who pursue it, even when the journey is slow or uncertain.(我希望数学应该被视为一个提出问题和探索答案的地方，而不是一个固定答案的地方。我们应该鼓励好奇心，重视那些追求好奇心的人，即使旅程缓慢或不确定)”可知，在探索答案或解决方案时，我们需要好奇心和开放的心态。一方面，好奇心驱使我们提出问题并寻求知识，以找到更好的解决方案。另一方面，开放使我们能够考虑各种可能性和观点，从而在好奇心的推动下增强我们进一步探索的动力。故填 When exploring answers or solutions, we need curiosity and an open mind. On the one hand, curiosity drives us to raise questions and seek knowledge for better solutions. And an open mind enables us to consider various possibilities and perspectives, which can enhance our motivation for further exploration with the fuel of curiosity. Passage 4: We Need to Talk... and Write A recent survey conducted by UNESCO reveals a significant decline in the ability of young people to express their thoughts and ideas. Half of the 1,333 participants admitted to having poor verbal skills, while 40% struggled with written expressions. Poor education could be a cause of poor communication skills, but that may not explain everything. Most of the participants were well-educated individuals in their 20s and 30s, with over 60% holding a bachelor’s degree or higher. The problem more likely resulted from the rise of digital communication, with young people now preferring texting short messages, which may limit their ability to engage in meaningful conversations and write complete sentences. Effective verbal and written communication skills are essential both in school and in the workplace. Warren Buffett, a famous investor, always urges young people to learn public speaking. It may be scary to speak in front of a group, but it boosts confidence. Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, is known for valuing the written word. He replaces PowerPoint presentations in meetings with “six-page, narratively-structured (叙事结构)” memos. Meetings start with each attendee sitting and silently reading a memo for the first 30 minutes. The decline in communication skills is a worldwide problem. In America, there is a movement among “homeschoolers” to. try to solve the problem by returning to ancient educational wisdom, the “Trivium”, which dates back to medieval times in Europe. The word comes from Latin and means “where three roads meet.” The subjects — the “three roads” — are grammar, rhetoric and logic. Grammar means learning how to write a complete and accurate sentence. Rhetoric is the use of similes (明喻), metaphors (暗喻) and other grammatical devices. And logic is the use of reason to discover what is true or not true, or what can be proved or disproved. Whether such classical education can help with the decline in communication skills remains to be seen, but it offers a glimmer of hope in this challenging situation. 13．What does the survey conducted by UNESCO reveal? 14．What is the main reason for young people’s poor communication skills? 15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Ancient educational wisdom is applied to address today’s communication decline in America, and it has already helped students improve expressive skills. 16．Besides the methods mentioned in the passage, what other ways would you use to improve your writing skills? (In about 40 words) 【答案】13．It reveals a significant decline in the ability of young people to express their thoughts and ideas. 14．The rise of digital communication. 15．Ancient educational wisdom is applied to address today’s communication decline in American and it has already helped students improve expressive skills. According to the passage, whether such traditional education can help with the decline in communication skills remains to be seen. 16．I would read a lot of excellent literary works, analyze their writing techniques and expressions, learn new words and sentence patterns, and write diaries regularly to improve my writing skills. 【难度】0.85 【知识点】方法/策略、社会问题与社会现象 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述年轻人沟通能力下降原因及改善方法。 13．考查细节理解。由文章第一段“A recent survey conducted by UNESCO reveals a significant decline in the ability of young people to express their thoughts and ideas. Half of the 1,333 participants admitted to having poor verbal skills, while 40% struggled with written expressions. (联合国教科文组织最近进行的一项调查显示，年轻人表达思想和观点的能力显著下降。在1333名参与者中，有一半承认自己口头表达能力不佳，40%的人在书面表达方面存在困难。)”可知，调查揭示了年轻人表达思想和观点的能力显著下降。故答案为：It reveals a significant decline in the ability of young people to express their thoughts and ideas. 14．考查细节理解。由文章第二段中的“The problem more likely resulted from the rise of digital communication, with young people now preferring texting short messages, which may limit their ability to engage in meaningful conversations and write complete sentences. (这个问题更可能是由于数字通信的兴起造成的，年轻人现在更喜欢发送短信，这可能限制了他们进行有意义对话和写出完整句子的能力。)”可知，年轻人沟通能力差的主要原因是数字通信的兴起。故答案为：The rise of digital communication. 15．考查细节理解。由文章最后一段中的“Whether such classical education can help with the decline in communication skills remains to be seen, but it offers a glimmer of hope in this challenging situation. (这种古典教育能否帮助解决沟通技能下降的问题仍有待观察，但它为这一挑战性局面带来了一线希望。)”可知，这种古典教育（古代教育智慧）是否能帮助解决沟通能力下降的问题还有待观察，而不是已经帮助学生提高了表达能力。所以错误的部分是and it has already helped students improve expressive skills。答案为：Ancient educational wisdom is applied to address today’s communication decline in American and it has already helped students improve expressive skills. According to the passage, whether such traditional education can help with the decline in communication skills remains to be seen. 16．开放性题目，此题要求回答：除了文章中提到的方法，你还会用什么其他方法来提高你的写作技巧？答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我会阅读很多优秀的文学作品，分析他们的写作技巧和表达方式，学习新单词和句型，定期写日记来提高我的写作技巧。故答案为：I would read a lot of excellent literary works, analyze their writing techniques and expressions, learn new words and sentence patterns, and write diaries regularly to improve my writing skills. Passage 5 Locals who frequent a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospital in Zhengzhou, Henan province, are often surprised when they are treated by a German doctor specializing in TCM with fluent Henan dialect. He is Joel Mikael Walker, a master’s student nearing graduation in the Henan University of Chinese Medicine. He skillfully performs techniques such as acupuncture (针灸), pulse diagnosis, and cupping therapy. Walker came to Henan province in 2015 when he was 20, because it is widely considered to be an important center for medical practice, education and research for traditional Chinese medicine. Now, he has fully adopted the lifestyle in Henan. On Chinese social media platforms, Walker is committed to promoting traditional Chinese medicine. His expertise in TCM fascinates Chinese netizens and he often uses ancient Chinese medical texts, for example, Huangdi Neijing, one of Chinese great medical works, to explain the philosophy behind the treatments. Other Chinese classics, such as Yijing, Zhuangzi, and Lunyu, which have long been foundation of Chinese philosophy, are also on Walker’s reading list. He takes pleasure in absorbing ancient wisdom because he finds many ideas deeply intertwined (交织) with TCM practices. One fundamental worldview of TCM highlights the balance, from which Walker himself benefited. In the past, he experienced significant emotional ups and downs, and tended to be somewhat stubborn, often viewing things from his own perspective. Now he has become more tolerant and approached issues from multiple angles with a more inclusive (包容的) perspective. In other words, his personality has also become more balanced. According to Walker, the unique wisdom rooted in Chinese culture can not only benefit physical well-being but can also extend beyond medicine and offer excellent guidance for the whole world. He stressed, “If more people could understand the TCM wisdom, the world would become more peaceful.” 17．What do we know about Walker? A．He is surprised at the locals’ dialect. B．He has gained a master’s degree in Henan. C．He has great skills of making acupuncture needles. D．He is a German good at traditional Chinese medicine. 18．Why did Walker come to Henan province? A．He intended to be popular online. B．Henan province is a centre for TCM. C．He desired to learn about its lifestyles. D．Henan province has rich natural resources. 19．What is the purpose of mentioning Walker’s emotional experiences? A．To show his positive changes. B．To prove the world is more peaceful. C．To introduce Chinese ancient classics. D．To share his ups and downs with the netizens. 20．Which of the following best describes Walker? A．Enthusiastic and kind. B．Courageous and calm. C．Cooperative and generous. D．Devoted and professional. 【答案】17．D 18．B 19．A 20．D 【难度】0.85 【知识点】记叙文、个人经历、中医 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了德国人Walker在河南学习并推广中医的故事。 17．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Locals who frequent a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospital in Zhengzhou, Henan province, are often surprised when they are treated by a German doctor specializing in TCM with fluent Henan dialect. He is Joel Mikael Walker, a master’s student nearing graduation in the Henan University of Chinese Medicine. (在河南省郑州市的一家传统中医医院，当地人经常惊讶地发现，他们接受治疗的是一位精通河南方言的德国医生。他叫Joel Mikael Walker，是河南中医药大学即将毕业的硕士研究生。)”可知，Walker是一个擅长中医的德国人。故选D。 18．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Walker came to Henan province in 2015 when he was 20, because it is widely considered to be an important center for medical practice, education and research for traditional Chinese medicine. (沃克于2015年20岁时来到河南省，因为这里被广泛认为是中医实践、教育和研究的重要中心。)”可知，他来到河南的原因是因为河南是中医的中心。故选B。 19．推理判断题。由文章第四段“One fundamental worldview of TCM highlights the balance, from which Walker himself benefited. In the past, he experienced significant emotional ups and downs, and tended to be somewhat stubborn, often viewing things from his own perspective. Now he has become more tolerant and approached issues from multiple angles with a more inclusive (包容的) perspective. In other words, his personality has also become more balanced. (中医的一个基本世界观强调平衡，Walker本人也从中受益。过去，他经历了显著的情绪波动，并且有些固执，常常从自己的角度看待问题。如今，他变得更加宽容，能够从多个角度看待问题，拥有更加包容的视角。换句话说，他的性格也变得更加平衡。)”可知，提到Walker的情绪经历是为了展示他从一个固执己见的人变得更为包容和平衡，即展示他的积极变化。故选A。 20．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“He skillfully performs techniques such as acupuncture (针灸), pulse diagnosis, and cupping therapy. (他熟练地掌握了针灸、脉诊和拔罐等中医技术。)”、第二段中“On Chinese social media platforms, Walker is committed to promoting traditional Chinese medicine. (在中国的社交媒体平台上，沃克致力于推广中医。)”可知，Walker不仅努力学习中医知识和技能，还致力于在中国社交媒体上推广中医。这些都表明Walker是一个敬业且专业的人。故选D。 Passage 6 The last time I visited my parents, I borrowed a novel from the shelves in my old bedroom. The books there once belonged to me, but over the decades, my father has taken over the space. It’s fitting. I grew up in a house full of books, free to explore anything, as long as I returned it. But that’s harder now. My parents, in their 80s, still live in Manhattan, while I’m in Los Angeles. The book I grabbed was a novel by S. A．Cosby. At first, I was surprised my father knew of him, but why not? For as long as I can remember, he’s been a regular at his neighborhood bookstore. He used to say he wouldn’t mind aging as long as he could read. Even now, I often find him with a book, though I fear he’s begun to fall out of the narrative (叙述). I didn’t read the book until I was back in Southern California. I didn’t want my father to know I had the book. I didn’t want him to feel any stress about it, though the two of us have been talking books ever since I was 12. I didn’t want to know what he might or might not recall. Opening it felt like opening a conversation with my father, retracing his steps and reading through his eyes. I enjoyed the novel, though that’s beside the point. What struck me most was a plotline about feeling sad for one’s parents, a process I’m beginning to understand. When I finished, I ran my fingers over my father’s mark on the cover, those letters he’d pressed into the cover with a hand-held metal press, spelling out a name the same as mine. Then I slipped the book into my suitcase, certain to return it next time I visit. 21．Why is it fitting for the father to take over the author’s old space? A．Because both are attached to reading. B．Because the father loves collecting books. C．Because the author’s books are preserved there. D．Because the father needs space for bookshelves. 22．Why did the author not want his father to know he had the book? A．To put the book into his own collection. B．To avoid pressure on his father to discuss it. C．To free his father from too much reading. D．To maintain a sense of privacy in reading. 23．How did the author feel while reading Cosby’s novel? A．Inspired by the plotline. B．Connected to his father. C．Eager to share with others. D．Surprised at his father’s mark. 24．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Returning Home B．Love through Pages C．The Power of Books D．My Father, a Great Reader 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．B 24．B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】家人和亲人 、阅读 、记叙文 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过阅读父亲的书，感受到与父亲之间的情感联系。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I grew up in a house full of books, free to explore anything, as long as I returned it. (我在一个充满书籍的房子里长大，可以自由探索任何书籍，只要我归还它们)”和“For as long as I can remember, he’s been a regular at his neighborhood bookstore. He used to say he wouldn’t mind aging as long as he could read. Even now, I often find him with a book, though I fear he’s begun to fall out of the narrative (叙述). (从我记事起，他就一直是附近书店的常客。他过去常说，只要还能阅读，他就不介意变老。即使现在，我经常看到他手里拿着一本书，尽管我担心他已经开始跟不上故事情节了)”可知，父亲接管作者的旧空间是合适的，因为两人都对阅读有着深厚的感情。故选A项。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I didn’t want my father to know I had the book. I didn’t want him to feel any stress about it, though the two of us have been talking books ever since I was 12. I didn’t want to know what he might or might not recall. (我不想让父亲知道我拿了这本书。我不想让他因此感到任何压力，尽管我们俩从我12岁起就一直在讨论书籍。我也不想知道他可能记得或可能不记得的内容)”可知，作者这样做事希望避免让父亲感到需要讨论这本书的压力。故选B项。 23．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Opening it felt like opening a conversation with my father, retracing his steps and reading through his eyes. (打开它就像打开了与父亲的对话，追溯他的脚步，通过他的眼睛阅读)”可知，作者在阅读时感到与父亲有某种联系。故选B项。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要以作者拿了一本父亲读过的书来阅读为线索展开，讲述了作者读这本书前不希望父亲知道自己拿了这本书，在阅读时感受到与父亲的对话，并通过父亲的视角理解故事，决定之后和父亲一起讨论这本书，这展现了父子之间通过书籍建立的情感联系。因此，B项“通过书籍传递的爱”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 7 As a student, I spent many days and nights standing on a forested slope in the rain. I loved the outdoors, and it was more like play than work. I was thrilled when I could connect what I saw to what I read. My ideas seemed to flow like the stream I was trying to understand. When I started my first teaching position, I no longer had the freedom to focus purely on research or think deeply about any given topic. I was consumed by pressing management demands and my creative stream narrowed. A decade later, I moved to a new university and was able to return to the topic I studied for my Ph. D．research. I found that if I could be in the moment with my students and act as a sounding board for new ideas — and not be distracted by my mid-career responsibilities — then I could play a part in their creative thought process. Creativity crept back into my work life, but I hadn’t yet found a way to stimulate my own deep thinking. Another decade had passed before I learned how to get my own creative stream flowing again. After accepting a position in my hometown, I had a few months between jobs when I was as free as a bird. And that’s when my first real post-Ph. D．eureka moment (顿悟) struck, while I was at a gym watching the rain fall onto a lawn outside. I was able to visualize similar processes that I had been trying to understand. But it was even more thrilling because it was a type of thought that I worried had permanently dried up. It was clear that I needed to slow down and experience the rain more often! In this new job, I tried to heed (留心) this enlightenment. I made a point to think and write a little bit at home each morning, in a room overlooking the large river. After that, I’d cycle to work along the banks, which helped me process those ideas and remember my daily goal of being curious. Fun drove what I worked on. And soon enough, I had new ideas to bring to the table. I now encourage my students to disconnect and take time out to think, to play, to have fun with their research. And to make these things a permanent habit in their lives. I also tell them to pay attention to the conditions and places that foster their curiosity and ability to think deeply. By openly discussing creativity, I hope we can help the next generation of scientists avoid losing it along the way, as I did. 25．What situation did the author find himself in when he started the first teaching position? A．He lost interest in his research. B．He couldn’t think clearly anymore. C．He was not as creative as before. D．He was heavily demanded by students. 26．What can we know about the author after he moved to a new university? A．He helped students with their Ph. D．research. B．He discovered a new topic for his mid-career. C．He began to take on more career responsibilities. D．He engaged himself in students’ thinking process. 27．How did the author feel during his free time in his hometown? A．Energetic and proud. B．Inspired and refreshed. C．Thrilled and supported. D．Curious and adventurous. 28．What can we learn from the author’s experience? A．East or west, home is the best. B．Small streams make great rivers. C．Creativity is the mother of invention. D．All work no play makes Jack a dull boy. 【答案】25．C 26．D 27．B 28．D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】哲理感悟、记叙文、个人经历 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者在读博士时，很有创造力，但是开始第一份教学工作时，作者的创造力干涸了，在经过一段时间的探索，作者又重新找回了创造力。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段“When I started my first teaching position, I no longer had the freedom to focus purely on research or think deeply about any given topic. I was consumed by pressing management demands and my creative stream narrowed.( 当我开始我的第一个教学职位时，我不再有纯粹专注于研究或深入思考任何给定主题的自由。我被紧迫的管理要求所消耗，我的创意流也变窄了。)”可知，当作者开始第一份教学工作时，他被紧迫的管理需求所占据，不再有自由纯粹地专注于研究或深入思考任何特定话题，他的创作灵感也变窄了，即他不像以前那样有创造力了。故选C项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段“A decade later, I moved to a new university and was able to return to the topic I studied for my Ph. D. research. I found that if I could be in the moment with my students and act as a sounding board for new ideas — and not be distracted by my mid-career responsibilities—then I could play a part in their creative thought process.( 十年后，我去了一所新的大学，又回到了我的博士研究课题。我发现，如果我能和我的学生们在一起，充当新想法的传声筒，而不被我的中期职业责任分散注意力，那么我就能在他们的创造性思维过程中发挥作用。)”可知，作者搬到新大学后，能够回到他博士研究的课题上，并且发现如果他能和学生在一起，作为新想法的倾听者，不被职业生涯中期的责任分散注意力，他就能参与到学生的创造性思维过程中。故选D项。 27．推理判断题。根据第五段“After accepting a position in my hometown, I had a few months between jobs when I was as free as a bird. And that’s when my first real post-Ph. D. eureka moment (顿悟) struck, while I was at a gym watching the rain fall onto a lawn outside. I was able to visualize similar processes that I had been trying to understand. But it was even more thrilling because it was a type of thought that I worried had permanently dried up. It was clear that I needed to slow down and experience the rain more often!( 在接受了家乡的一份工作后，我有几个月的空闲时间。那是我博士毕业后第一次真正的。灵光一现的时刻来了，当时我正在健身房看着雨落在外面的草坪上。我能够想象出我一直试图理解的类似过程。但更令人兴奋的是，我担心这种想法已经永远枯竭了。很明显，我需要慢下来，多体验一下下雨的感觉！)”可知，作者在家乡有几个月的空闲时间，像鸟儿一样自由，并且有了顿悟，能够想象出他一直试图理解的类似过程，而且这种想法让他很激动，因为他曾担心这种思维已经永远枯竭了，他意识到自己需要慢下来，更多地体验这种时刻。所以作者在这段时间感到受到启发且精神振奋。故选B项。 28．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“I now encourage my students to disconnect and take time out to think, to play, to have fun with their research. And to make these things a permanent habit in their lives. I also tell them to pay attention to the conditions and places that foster their curiosity and ability to think deeply. By openly discussing creativity, I hope we can help the next generation of scientists avoid losing it along the way, as I did.( 我现在鼓励我的学生们脱离现实，花时间去思考，去玩耍，去享受他们的研究。并使这些事情成为他们生活中永久的习惯。我还告诉他们要注意那些能培养他们好奇心和深度思考能力的条件和场所。通过公开讨论创造力，我希望我们可以帮助下一代科学家避免像我一样在这个过程中失去创造力。)”可知，作者一开始热爱户外研究，想法如溪流般流淌，后来从事教学工作被管理需求占据，创造力下降，之后通过让自己放松、有空闲时间去思考和体验，创造力又回来了。作者还鼓励学生断开连接，抽出时间去思考、玩耍，把这些变成生活中的习惯。这说明只工作不玩耍会让人变得迟钝，即“All work no play makes Jack a dull boy.”（只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻）。故选D项。 Passage 8 When photojournalist Jasper Doest arrived in the Transylvanian Alps to document the coexistence of humans and wildlife, he found a story on the side of the road — a group of bears begging for food. This close encounter led to incredible photographs. But it also emphasizes the hurdles that conservationists (自然环境保护主义者) in Romania and elsewhere face in their efforts to restore and protect wild places. Tourists attracted by the region’s brown bears often give in to the temptation to feed them This can have disastrous effects. Usually shy around people, it takes just a few meals to get bears hooked on human food — and, after that, they don’t stay wild long. Instead, they can become dependent on humans for food, fueling more bear-human run-ins and putting bears in danger when they get too close. This region has seen a rise in bear-human conflicts. In 2023, there were 95 bear incidents, and a hiker was fatally mauled. This prompted officials to raise the annual bear kill quota. Doest also documented an attacked mother bear whose leg had been lost, forced to beg for food along the road. Bears fed by humans become “problem bears”, fueling local opposition to rewilding (再野生化) projects, as more forests mean more bears. While driving on a mountain pass, Doest and his assistant realized the bears were waiting for human handouts. They had completely changed their behavior. Doest saw other examples of how tourists’ handouts had changed the ecosystem. As he watched people feeding bears snacks like doughnuts, he realized the story of conversation in the region was as much about people as wildlife. “It isn’t just about rewilding — it’s about the opportunities and struggles rewilding brings us,” he says. “It’s about how to accept nature in our lives, and how we could benefit if we do it the right way.” So don’t feed the bears. You could save an animal’s life, and a community’s commitment to wildlife conservation. 29．What does the underlined word “hurdles” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Challenges. B．Responsibilities. C．Measures. D．Dangers. 30．What is the main reason for the increase in bear-human conflicts in the region? A．The growing number of tourists. B．The expansion of human settlements. C．The bears’ dependence on human food. D．The decrease in natural food sources for bears. 31．Why do some locals oppose rewilding projects? A．They believe that rewilding will attract more tourists. B．They fear that rewilding will harm the local economy. C．They think that rewilding is not effective in protecting wildlife. D．They worry that rewilding will cause more bear-human conflicts. 32．What is the author’s attitude towards feeding bears? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent. 【答案】29．A 30．C 31．D 32．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】人与动植物、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了摄影记者Jasper Doest在罗马尼亚特兰西瓦尼亚阿尔卑斯山的所见所闻，强调了人类活动对野生动物的影响以及保护野生环境的挑战。 29．词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“When photojournalist Jasper Doest arrived in the Transylvanian Alps to document the coexistence of humans and wildlife, he found a story on the side of the road — a group of bears begging for food. This close encounter led to incredible photographs. But it also emphasizes the hurdles that conservationists (自然环境保护主义者) in Romania and elsewhere face in their efforts to restore and protect wild places. (当摄影记者Jasper Doest抵达特兰西瓦尼亚阿尔卑斯山，记录人类与野生动物共存的场景时，他在路边发现了一个故事——一群熊在乞求食物。这次近距离的遭遇让他拍摄到了令人惊叹的照片。但这同时也凸显了罗马尼亚和其他地方的环保人士在恢复和保护野生环境方面所面临的hurdles)”可知，一群熊在乞求食物，而不是自己寻找食物，这反应了自然环境保护主义者在恢复和保护野生环境方面所面临的挑战，hurdles的含义是“挑战”，与“Challenges(挑战)”意思相符。故选A。 30．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Usually shy around people, it takes just a few meals to get bears hooked on human food — and, after that, they don’t stay wild long. Instead, they can become dependent on humans for food, fueling more bear-human run-ins and putting bears in danger when they get too close. This region has seen a rise in bear-human conflicts. (棕熊通常对人类很害羞，但只要吃过几次人类的食物，它们就会上瘾——之后，它们就不会再保持野性多久。相反，它们可能会变得依赖人类获取食物，这会导致更多熊与人类的冲突，而当它们靠得太近时，熊也会陷入危险。该地区熊与人类的冲突已经有所增加)”可知，该地区熊与人冲突增加的主要原因是熊对人类食物的依赖。故选C。 31．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Bears fed by humans become “problem bears”, fueling local opposition to rewilding (再野生化) projects, as more forests mean more bears. (被人类喂食的熊变成了“问题熊”，这加剧了当地对再野生化项目的反对，因为更多的森林意味着更多的熊)”可知，一些当地人反对再野生化项目是因为他们担心这会导致更多的熊与人之间的冲突。故选D。 32．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“So don’t feed the bears. You could save an animal’s life, and a community’s commitment to wildlife conservation. (所以不要给熊喂食。你可能会挽救一个动物的生命，以及一个社区对野生动物保护的承诺)”可知，作者对喂熊的态度是否定的。故选B。 Passage 9 One of the world’s rarest birds, the greater adjutant stork (大秃鹳), known locally as the Hargila was once considered “disease carrier” and “ugly” by the villagers in Assam who would destroy their nests. Dr Purnima Devi Barman, an Indian wildlife biologist, has been committed to protecting the endangered birds and changing the opinion of villagers. Barman’s love of animals started at age five while she lived with her grandparents by the Brahmaputra River, where she often encountered all sorts of birds coming to the fields and wetlands. Recalling one of the moments that changed her life, Barman said that while she was doing her PhD paper on the greater adjutant stork, she got a call telling her that a villager had cut the nest-tree of adjutant storks and nine chicks fell down. When she communicated with the villager and his neighbours, she was shouted at and laughed at. “The villager was so angry at me for rescuing the birds. One of his neighbours said that ‘we cannot keep it in our backyard. It makes our area very dirty and smelly’,” Barman recalled. But with her tireless effort, she managed to change his views and the villager joined her in protecting the birds. “After that, I experienced the power of the community and decided-to make use of it for stork conservation,” Barman added. She then started the Hargila Army of villagers, especially the network of thousands of families across villages who travel door to door with her in spreading awareness and educating people about stork conservation. “Initially women hesitated to come out and volunteer. But one day, I organized a cooking contest and scores of people participated and that’s how all our gatherings revolved (围绕) around stork conservation and restoring their ecosystem. Slowly and gradually, we increased the network, and now we are saving many other endangered species,” Barman said. 33．What has led to the decrease of the storks in Assam? A．The attack of diseases. B．High demand for wood. C．Villagers’ negative attitude. D．Ignorance of their situation: 34．What drove Barman to found “the Hargila Army of villagers”? A．Her bird-watching experience. B．Her PhD study on the bird. C．Her effort to prevent tree cutting. D．Her communication with a villager. 35．How did Barman involve women at first? A．By visiting them door to door. B．By organising a cooking contest: C．By giving away food to them. D．By hosting voluntary activities. 36．What can we learn about Barman from her deeds? A．She strives to preserve wildlife. B．She values diverse views. C．She prioritises academic education. D．She cares about villagers’ welfare. 【答案】33．C 34．D 35．B 36．A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】动物、环境保护、记叙文 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了印度野生生物学家普尔尼玛·德维·巴曼博士对于大秃鹳的保护工作。 33．细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the world’s rarest birds, the greater adjutant stork (大秃鹳), known locally as the Hargila was once considered “disease carrier” and “ugly” by the villagers in Assam who would destroy their nests. (世界上最稀有的鸟类之一，大秃鹳，在当地被称为哈吉拉，曾经被阿萨姆邦的村民认为是“疾病携带者”和“丑陋的”，他们会摧毁它们的巢穴。)”可知，村民的消极态度导致了大秃鹳的减少。故选C。 34．细节理解题。根据第三段“Recalling one of the moments that changed her life, Barman said that while she was doing her PhD paper on the greater adjutant stork, she got a call telling her that a villager had cut the nest-tree of adjutant storks and nine chicks fell down. When she communicated with the villager and his neighbours, she was shouted at and laughed at. “The villager was so angry at me for rescuing the birds. One of his neighbours said that ‘we cannot keep it in our backyard. It makes our area very dirty and smelly’,” Barman recalled. (回忆起改变她一生的一个时刻，巴曼说，当她正在写关于大秃鹳的博士论文时，她接到一个电话，告诉她一个村民砍倒了大秃鹳的巢树，九只小鸡掉了下来。当她与村民和他的邻居交流时，她被大声呵斥和嘲笑。“村民对我救了这些鸟很生气。他的一个邻居说：‘我们不能把它养在后院。它使我们的区域非常肮脏和难闻’，”巴曼回忆道。)”可知，和一个村民的交流驱使巴曼成立了“哈吉拉村民军”。故选D。 35．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But one day, I organized a cooking contest and scores of people participated and that’s how all our gatherings revolved (围绕) around stork conservation and restoring their ecosystem. (但是有一天，我组织了一场烹饪比赛，很多人参加了比赛，我们所有的聚会都围绕着保护鹳和恢复它们的生态系统展开。)”可知，巴曼一开始通过组织烹饪比赛让女人参与进来。故选B。 36．细节理解题。根据第一段“Dr Purnima Devi Barman, an Indian wildlife biologist, has been committed to protecting the endangered birds and changing the opinion of villagers. (印度野生生物学家普尔尼玛·德维·巴曼博士一直致力于保护濒危鸟类，并改变村民的看法。)”以及倒数第二段“She then started the Hargila Army of villagers, especially the network of thousands of families across villages who travel door to door with her in spreading awareness and educating people about stork conservation. (然后，她成立了“哈吉拉村民军”，特别是由数千个家庭组成的网络，他们和她一起挨家挨户地传播鹳的保护意识，教育人们。)”可知，巴曼努力保护野生动物。故选A。 Passage 10 This week I visited Cambodia, and it could not have come at a “hotter” time, in the most literal sense of the word, because the temperatures in Siem Reap were almost 7°C above average. The night before, it rained in a few areas, and I could see the excitement around me with many calling their families to say, “It rained in my village!” But this sadly seemed to be an exception. In most areas of the country, farmers have been unable to plant the second rice crop, leading to economic hardship. As I made my way, in the sweltering heat, to visit a secondary school in the rural area in Siem Reap. As I walked from classroom to classroom, I wondered how learning outcomes must be impacted by the heat waves, and what would happen to the ability of children to learn, to play and to progress in school. But what made me excited was learning about the after-school programme on handling environmental challenges. As temperatures are rising, so are children rising to the occasion. Through the life skills training programme, students in Grade 9, learn to analyse problems, learn to work together, learn to find solutions. The programme also helps them to understand the environmental challenges of today’s world and how as young people they can be part of the solution. In the afternoon, I went to see the impact of their work in the field. We had lunch with the community leaders and youth volunteers as well as a 12-year-old student from the school. They showed me what they had done in terms of waste management. The village was clean and green. And the community leader said to me, “I am grateful for this programme.” During the chat I thought young people can be and must be part of the solution. They may not be rainmakers, but they certainly are change makers! 37．What does the author mean by saying the underlined words? A．Lack of rain is bad for planting crop. B．Raining less upsets some Cambodians. C．Cambodia is suffering from drought. D．Some of Cambodians dislike heave rain. 38．What did the author feel when seeing Cambodian students? A．Concerned. B．Full of admiration. C．Annoyed. D．Filled with stress. 39．What is the purpose of setting up the programme? A．To improve the students’ life skills. B．To demonstrate environmental protection. C．To introduce a new method to deal with waste. D．To improve students’ awareness of protecting their environment. 40．What is the main topic of paragraph 5? A．The process of waste management in the village. B．The author’s lunch experience with different people. C．The introduction of the after-school programme in detail. D．The impact of students’ work on the village environment. 【答案】37．C 38．A 39．A 40．D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】自然灾害与防范、记叙文 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在柬埔寨的所见所闻，包括当地面临的干旱问题以及学生们通过课外项目积极应对环境挑战的情况。 37．词句猜测题。根据上文“The night before, it rained in a few areas, and I could see the excitement around me with many calling their families to say, ‘It rained in my village!’(前一天晚上，一些地区下了雨，我看到周围的人都很兴奋，许多人打电话给家人说，‘我的村子里下雨了！’)”和下文“In most areas of the country, farmers have been unable to plant the second rice crop, leading to economic hardship.(在该国大部分地区，农民无法种植第二季水稻，导致经济困难)”可知，大部分地区没有下雨，农民无法种植第二季水稻，说明柬埔寨正遭受干旱。由此可知，划线句子指的是柬埔寨正在遭受干旱。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据第二段“As I walked from classroom to classroom, I wondered how learning outcomes must be impacted by the heat waves, and what would happen to the ability of children to learn, to play and to progress in school.(当我从一间教室走到另一间教室时，我想知道热浪会对学习成果产生怎样的影响，以及孩子们的学习、玩耍和在学校进步的能力会发生什么变化)”可知，作者看到柬埔寨学生时，对他们的学习和生活状况感到担心。故选A。 39．推理判断题。根据第三段“Through the life skills training programme, students in Grade 9, learn to analyse problems, learn to work together, learn to find solutions. The programme also helps them to understand the environmental challenges of today’s world and how as young people they can be part of the solution.(通过生活技能培训项目，九年级的学生学会了分析问题、学会合作、学会找到解决方案。该项目还帮助他们了解当今世界面临的环境挑战，以及作为年轻人，他们如何能成为解决方案的一部分)”可知，设立这个项目的目的是提高学生的生活技能。故选A。 40．主旨大意题。根据第五段“In the afternoon, I went to see the impact of their work in the field. We had lunch with the community leaders and youth volunteers as well as a 12-year-old student from the school. They showed me what they had done in terms of waste management. The village was clean and green. And the community leader said to me, ‘I am grateful for this programme’.(下午，我去看了他们在实地工作的影响。我们与社区领导、青年志愿者以及学校的一名12岁学生一起吃了午饭。他们向我展示了他们在废物管理方面所做的工作。这个村庄干净整洁，绿意盎然。社区领导对我说:‘我很感激这个项目’)”可知，第五段主要讲述了作者实地查看学生工作对村庄环境的影响，发现村庄因学生的努力而变得干净整洁，社区领导对此表示感激。故选D。 ( - 1 - ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $