内容正文:
专题03 语法串讲3(定语从句、构词法)(期末复习讲义)
语法点
常考题型
命题趋势
定语从句、构词法
单项选择
语法选择
语法填空等
1.注重素养:更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。
2.情境化突出:借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境,将语法考察与实际生活相结合。
3.文化传承与价值导向明显:注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。
定语从句
知识点01 定语从句的定义:
修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
知识点02 定语从句的先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语。
知识点03 定语从句的关系词:
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;
关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1. 引导定语从句。2. 代替先行词。3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。
知识点04 定语从句的结构:
先行词+关系词+定语从句。
知识点05 关系代词引导的定语从句
(1)who指人,在从句中做主语。
The woman who visited our factory yesterday is an Australian friend. 昨天参观我们工厂的女士是一位澳大利亚朋友。
(2)whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
【注意】关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
1.This is the student who I met yesterday. 这是我昨天见到的那个学生。
2.Who’s that man (whom) you just talked to? 刚才与你谈话的那个男人是谁?
3.The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚遇见的那个人是我的朋友。
(3)which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
1.The shoe shop is a shop which sells shoes. 鞋店是销售鞋的商店。
2.The book (which) I read last night was wonderful. 我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。
(4)that指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
1.She is one of the students that works very hard. 她是最用功的学生中的一个。
2.A library is a place that people like very much. 图书馆是一个人们非常喜欢的地方。
(5)whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
【注意】whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替。
1.This is our classmate, Mary, whose home is not far from our school. 这是我们的同学玛丽,她的家离我们学校不远。
2.He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。
3.I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在一幢屋顶已倒塌的房子。
4.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书?
=Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书?
5.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那个教室将很快修复。
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那个教室将很快修复。
(6)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句:关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导。
① 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等。
② 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能
用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose。
1.This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) // This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) // The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) // The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
知识点06
限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况
① 先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等。
② 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
③ 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时。
④ 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。
⑤ 当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句用that 引导。
⑥ 先行词既有人又有物时。
⑦ time作先行词,前面如果有序数词或 last 修饰时,定语从句用 that 来引导或省略;如果没有序数词或 last 修饰时,既可用 when 也可用that来引导。
1.All that he said is true. 他所说的都是真的。
2.All (that) you have to do is to practice every day. 你要做的就是每天都要练习。
3.The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten. 我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。
4.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
5.I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。
6.The white flower is the only one that I really like. 这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。
7.This is the very book that I want to read. 这就是我要看的那本书。
8.This is the same skirt that I want to buy. (同一条裙子) 这就是我想买的那条裙子。
9.This is the only book (that) I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的唯一的一本书。
10.Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那儿的那个人是谁?
11.Which of us that knows something about physics doesn't know this? 在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个?
12.We talked about the persons and things that we could remember. 我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。
13.This is the last time (that) I shall give you a lesson. 这是我最后一次给你们上课了。
14.The first time (that) I saw him was in 2002. 我第一次见到他是在2002年。
15.There isn’t much (that) I can do. 我能做的不多。
知识点07 下列情况只能用 which:
①关系代词作介词的宾语时,用“介词+which”结构。②引导非限制性定语从句时,只能用which。
1.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍了。
2.This is the book for which you ask. 这是你要的那本书。
构词法
一 转化法
在英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
知识点01
动词转化为名词:很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。
①Let’s go out for a walk. 我们到外面去散步吧。
②Let’s have a swim. 咱们游泳吧。
③He is a man of strong build. 他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
知识点02
名词转化为动词:很多表示物件(如下①),身体部位(如下②),某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词,
①Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?
②Please hand me the book. 请把那本书递给我。
③She nursed her husband back to health. 她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
④We lunched together. 我们在一起吃了午餐。
知识点03
形容词转化为动词:有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
1.We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
2.He slowed down at the crossroad. 他在十字路口减速。
3.Please warm up the cold meat. 请把冷肉热一下。
知识点04
副词转化为动词:有少数副词可转化为动词。
Murder will out. (谚语)恶事终必将败露。
知识点05
形容词转化为名词:表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,做主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。
①You should be dressed in black at the funeral. 你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。
②The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
二 派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。加在单词前面的词缀叫前缀,加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。
1. 前缀:除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。
知识点01
表示否定意义的前缀,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。常用的否定前缀有:
前 缀
例 词
dis- 主要加在名词、形容词,动词之前
disappear消失;dislike 不喜欢;dishonest 不诚实的;disorder混乱,骚乱;disadvantage缺点;dishonorable不光彩的;disagree不同意;dissimilar不同的
im- 加在字母m, b, p之前
impossible不可能的;impolite粗鲁的,无礼的
in- 常加在形容词,名词之前
incorrect不正确的;informal非正式的;indirect间接的;inability无能力;inaccurate不准确的
mis- 加在动词、名词前
mistake 错误;misuse 错用misunderstand误解;misjudge误判;misfortune不幸;
un- 主要放于名词,形容词,副词前面
unhappy不愉快的;unlucky 不幸的;untrue 不真实的;unfair不公平的;unknown未知的,陌生的;unable不会/能的;unfriendly 不友好的;unhealthy不健康的
non- 加在形容词、名词前
non-existence不存在;non-essential非本质的,不重要的non-smoker 非吸烟者
ir- 放在以r开头的英语单词前面
irregular不稳固的;irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的,不能解决的
de- 加在名词、形容词前
demobilize遣散,使…复员;decolor 脱色,漂白
anti- 加在名词、形容词前边
anti-Japanese抗日战争;antigas防毒气的;antisocial反社会的
counter- 加在名词、动词前
counterattack反攻,反击;counteract抵抗阻碍;counterrevolution反革命
il- 主要加在以1开头的单词的前边
illegal非法的;illiterate文盲的 没有文化的;illogical不合逻辑的
知识点02
表示其他意义的前缀常用的有:
前 缀
例 词
a- 多构成表语形容词
alone单独的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的
auto- 表示“自动”
autochart自动图表;autobiography自传;Autonomous自治的
co- 表示“共同”
cooperate合作;co-worker同事
down- 表示“往下”
download下载;downstairs下楼
en- 表示“使……”
enjoy使高兴;endanger(使)遇危险;enlarge变大;enable(使)能够
fore- 表示“前的”
forehead额头;foresee预见
inter- 表示“互相,在……之间”
internet互联网;international国际的
kilo- 表示“千”
kilometre千米,公里;kilogram千克,公斤
man-表示“人,由人”
man-made人造的,人工的,合成的
mid- 表示“中间的”
midnight 午夜;mid-autumn中秋
micro- 表示“微观的,小的”
microfilm缩微胶卷;microphone话筒;micro-economy微观经济
re- 表示“重新,再;又”
reuse再用;retell复述;rewrite重写;rebuild重建
sub- 表示“下面的;次;小”
subway地铁;subconscious下(潜)意识;submarine潜艇
super- 表示“超级的”
superman 超人;supermarket超市;supergirl超级女孩
tele- 表示“远的,电信的(强调距离)”
telephone电话;telegraph;电报;telescope望远镜;television 电视
2. 后缀:英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。
知识点01
构成名词的后缀常用的有
后 缀
例 词
-(a)n 表示“某国人”
Australian澳大利亚人;Italian意大利人;Canadian加拿大人;European欧洲人
-ance, -ence表示“性质,程度”
attendance出勤率;acceptance接受;assistance帮助;dependence依靠
-ce表示“性质,程度”
difference不同之处;importance重要性;patience耐性;
-ese 表示“某国人”
Japanese日本人;Chinese中国人;Vietnamese越南人
-ess表示“雌性”
actress女演员;lioness 母狮子
-(e)r表示“从事某事的人”
teacher教师;singer歌手;driver司机;writer作家;runner跑步者;winner胜利者
-ful 表示某容器的容量
handful一把的;mouthful一口之量的;glassful一杯之量的
-hood表示关系或抽象意义
motherhood母亲身份;childhood童年;girlhood少女时代;neighborhood邻居
-ian表示“精通……的人”
musician音乐家
-ing表示“动作的过程,结果”
feeling感觉,触觉;感情,情绪;reading阅读,朗读;读物;building建筑;建筑物
-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示“行为的过程,结果,状况”
action行动;solution解决方案;conclusion结论;结局; expression表达;correction改正,修正;pronunciation发音;读法;invitation邀请;decision决定;discussion讨论
-ist表示“专业人员”
pianist 钢琴家;scientist 科学家;artist艺术家;typist打字员;violinist小提琴家
-ment表示“性质;状态”
agreement 协议;movement 运动;development发展;punishment惩罚
-ness表示“性质;状态”
happiness 幸福;business 事务;illness疾病;sadness悲痛;kindness和蔼;greatness伟大
-or表示“从事某事的人”
actor 演员;sailor 海员;visitor访问者,参观者;inventor发明家/人;创造者
-ship 表示状态、抽象概念
friendship友谊;membership会员资格;leadership领导权;relationship关系
-th
warmth温暖;truth 真理;length 长度;youth青年;death死亡;growth成长
-ty 表示特性或情况
difficulty困难;safety安全;beauty美人;ability能力
-ure表示“行为,结果”
failure失败;故障;pleasure快乐;希望;娱乐;令人高兴的事
知识点02
构成动词的后缀常用的有
后 缀
例 词
-(e)n多用于形容词名词
后变动词“使得,变得”
widen加宽;sharpen 削 ;变尖;loosen 使松散;strengthen加强;lessen减少
-fy表示“使……化”
beautify美化;purify提纯
-ize表示“使……成为”
realize意识到;organize组织
知识点03
构成形容词的后缀常用的有
后 缀
例 词
-able表示“有能力的”
reasonable有道理的;eatable 能吃的;enjoyable 令人愉快的
-al
natural自然的;national 民族的,国家的;
-an/ian表示“某国(人)的”
American美国(人)的;Australian澳大利亚(人)的;Indian印度(人)的
-ed
moved受感动的
-en 多用于表示材料的名词后“由……构成的”
woolen羊毛的;羊毛制的;golden金的;wooden木制的;frighten恐吓
-ent/-ant
pleasant令人愉快的;dependent依赖的;different不同的
-ern表示“方向的”
eastern东方的;southern南方的;northern北方的western西方的
-ese表示“某国人的”
Chinese中国人的;Japanese日本人的
-ful
beautiful美丽的;careful小心的;powerful强大的;colorful多彩的
-ing
moving 感动的;encouraging 鼓舞人心的;exciting令人激动的;interesting有趣的
-(ic)al
electric/electrical 电的;historic有历史性的;economical经济的;political政治的;scientific科学的
-ish
childish孩子气的;selfish自私的;womanish像女人的;bookish书呆子气的
-ive
active积极的,collective集体的 ;decisive决定性的;native本国的
-less 表示“否定”
careless 粗心的;useless 无用的;hopeless希望渺茫的;countless不可数的;helpless无助的
-like表示“像……的”
girllike像女孩一样的;boylike像男孩一样的;motherlike像母亲一样的
-ly
friendly友好的;yearly每年的;monthly每月的,weekly每周的;lovely可爱的;lively活泼的
-ous
famous著名的;continuous连续不断的;delicious可口的
-some
handsome英俊的,大方的;gladsome愉快的;tiresome疲惫的;lonesome孤独的
-(t)y
thirsty口渴的;noisy喧闹的;healthy健康的
-y 表示“天气”
snowy雪的;rainy下雨的;cloudy多云的;dusty多尘的
【注意】后缀词-ing与-ed的区别:加-ing的后缀词形容词主语一般为物,表示“令人……的”;加-ed的后缀词形容词,主语一般为人,表示“某人感到……”。如:
The movie was very interesting. All of us were interested in it. 那部电影很有趣。我们所有的人都对它感兴趣。(interesting指的是电影有兴趣,而interested指的是人对电影感兴趣)
知识点04
构成副词的常用后缀有
后 缀
例 词
-ly主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度
angrily生气地;slowly慢慢地,beautifully美丽地;terribly可怕地
-ward(s) 主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向
towards朝……,向……;eastward向东方地;backwards向后退地;upwards向上地;westward向西地;homeward向家去地
-wise
otherwise否则;likewise同样地;clockwise顺时针方向地;
知识点05
构成数词的后缀有
后 缀
例 词
-teen (十几)
thirteen三十;fourteen十四;fifteen十五;sixteen十六;eighteen十八;nineteen十九
-ty (几十)
twenty二十;thirty三十;forty四十;fifty五十;sixty六十;eighty八十nine→ninety九十
-th (构成序数词)
fifth第五; sixth第六;sixteenth第十六;fortieth第四十;twenty-first第二十一
基础通关(测试时间:10分钟)
1.—Have you got ready for the basketball match?
—Yes, I’ve done everything ________ I can to win the match.
A.what B.who C.whose D.that
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你们为篮球比赛做好准备了吗? ——是的,我已经尽我所能去赢得这场比赛了。
考查定语从句。what不引导定语从句,排除A;who引导定语从句,先行词指人;whose引导定语从句,修饰人或物,在从句中作定语;that引导定语从句,先行词指人或物。句中“everything”为先行词,且为不定代词,应用that引导定语从句。故选D。
2.He Zhong is the boy ________ the photo competition last year!
A.which won B.that wins C.who won D.whose wins
【答案】C
【详解】句意:何忠就是去年赢得摄影比赛的那个男孩!
考查定语从句及一般过去时。根据“He Zhong is the boy … the photo competition last year!”可知,句中“the boy”为先行词,指人,关系代词在从句中作主语,应用that/who引导从句,排除A和D;再根据“last year”可知,从句时态应用一般过去时,谓语动词应用过去式won,排除B。故选C。
3.The restaurant has a new machine ________ provides fresh grape juice in just one minute.
A.who B.what C.which D.where
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这家餐厅有一台新机器,可以在一分钟内提供新鲜葡萄汁。
考查定语从句。根据“The restaurant has a new machine...provides fresh grape juice in just one minute.”可知,空格处为定语从句引导词,从句缺主语,先行词a new machine为物,故应用关系代词which或that。故选C。
4.The game ________ they like most is Australian football.
A.that B.who C.whom D.what
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他们最喜欢的游戏是澳式足球。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是the game,关系词在从句中作宾语,用that引导定语从句。故选A。
5.Look! Our English teacher is the man ________ stands near the red car.
A.which B.who C./ D.whom
【答案】B
【详解】句意:看!我们的英语老师就是站在红色汽车旁边的那个人。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是the man,关系词在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句。故选B。
6.This travelling book is a good tool ________ helps you plan your driving route.
A.who B.which C.whom D.what
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这本旅行手册是一个很好的工具,可以帮助你规划你的驾驶路线。
考查定语从句。who的先行词指人(在从句中作主语或宾语);which的先行词指物;whom的先行词指人(在从句中作宾语);what不引导定语从句。分析题干可知,空格处是定语从句的引导词,先行词是tool“工具”,指物,故选B。
7.We like reading books ________ opens the doors of the world.
A.what B.whose C.which D.who
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们喜欢阅读能够打开世界之门的书籍。
考查定语从句。what什么,不引导定语从句;whose谁的,先行词指人或物,在从句中作定语;which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。根据“books”可知,先行词指物,且在从句中作主语,用which,故选C。
8.—Do you know Frank?
—Yes. He is the boy ________ likes playing the piano.
A.who B.which C.whom D.whose
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你认识Frank吗?——是。他是喜欢弹钢琴的男孩。
考查关系代词。who谁;which哪一个;whom谁,指代宾格;whose谁的。根据此空的先行词是“boy”,表示人,且此空在定语从句中作主语,故选A。
9.He is the hero ________ we like best.
A.what B.who C.which D.where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他是我们最喜欢的英雄。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,the hero后面应是一个定语从句;先行词the hero指人,定语从句由that或who引导。故选B。
10.It’s the pen ________ I gave you yesterday.
A.who B.which C.what D.where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是我昨天给你的那支钢笔。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,the pen后面是一个定语从句;先行词the pen是物,定语从句缺宾语,用that或which引导。故选B。
11.In Aboriginal culture, their ancient stories describe the spirits ________ created the world.
A.who B.what C.that D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在土著文化中,他们的古老故事描述了创造世界的神灵。
考查定语从句。根据“their ancient stories describe the spirits…created the world.”可知,此处含定语从句,先行词the spirits指物,关系代词用that,在此处作主语。故选C。
重难突破(测试时间:10分钟)
(22-23九年级上·浙江温州·期末)语法填空
Many animals are in danger. In order to protect the animals, World Animal Day falls on the 1 (four) of October. Protecting animals has got much attention all over the world. It is to make the world 2 better place for all animals.
Every year IUCN reports some important information about the plants and animals in danger. The giraffe is one of 3 (they). Over the last 30 years, the number of giraffes has dropped by 40%. Things are getting much 4 (bad). There are now fewer than 100,000 giraffes in the world today! Many animals are losing their 5 (life) because of human activities. Animals are often killed 6 their meat, teeth or even just for fun.
Animals will get more help, if everyone 7 (start) to do something. Here are the things you can do.
Love animals. You could give them a hand when it is necessary. They can live 8 (happy) with us.
Go outside to see wildlife. If you take a walk in nature, you can enjoy 9 (see) all the plants and animals around you.
Speak up for wildlife. Animals can't speak for themselves. You can be a voice for your animal friends.
Learn more about 10 (animal) difficult situations. By learning about their problems and pains, you can find new ways to help them.
【答案】1.fourth 2.a 3.them 4.worse 5.lives 6.for 7.starts 8.happily 9.seeing 10.animals'
【导语】本文介绍了一些濒危的植物和动物,呼吁大家开始做点什么,让动物和植物将得到更多的帮助。
1.句意:10月4日是世界动物日。根据定冠词the,可知此空用four的序数词fourth意为“第四”,表示10月4日。故填fourth。
2.句意:它就是为所有动物创造一个更美好的世界。根据句意和可数名词place,可知用表示泛指的冠词,better以辅音音素开头,可知用a。故填a。
3.句意:长颈鹿就是其中之一。根据固定短语one of意为“……之一”,其后接宾格。they的宾格是them意为“它们”。故填them。
4.句意:事情越来越糟了。根据much后接形容词的比较级,bad的比较级是worse意为“更糟糕的”。故填worse。
5.句意:由于人类活动,许多动物正在失去它们的生命。根据句意和their,可知用life的复数形式lives意为“生命”。故填lives。
6.句意:人们常常为了肉、牙齿甚至只是为了好玩而杀死动物。根据固定短语kill for意为“为……而杀死”。故填for。
7.句意:如果每个人都开始做点什么,动物们将得到更多的帮助。根据if引导的条件状语从句,遵循主将从现的原则,主语是everyone,动词用第三人称单数形式starts意为“开始”。故填starts。
8.句意:他们可以和我们一起快乐地生活。根据动词live(生活),可知用副词happily意为“快乐地”修饰。故填happily。
9.句意:如果你在大自然中散步,你可以享受看到你周围所有的植物和动物。根据固定短语enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢/享受做某事”。可知用see的现在分词seeing意为“看见”。故填seeing。
10.句意:更多地了解动物的困境。根据句意和difficult situations(困境),可知用animal的复数名词所有格animals意为“动物们的”。故填animals'。
易混易错(测试时间:10分钟)
1.It’s (possible) for me to eat all the food in 10 minutes.
【答案】impossible
【详解】句意:对我来说,在10分钟内吃完所有食物是不可能的。根据“...for me to eat all the food in 10 minutes”可知,空格处用形容词作表语,说明主语“It”的情况,结合语境可知,短时间内吃完所有食物是难以实现的,需用形容词“possible”的反义词“ impossible”,意为“不可能的”。故填impossible。
2.It can be a problem if you are of the hidden danger of using public Wi-Fi. (aware)
【答案】unaware
【详解】句意:如果你没有意识到使用公共Wi-Fi的潜在危险,这可能是一个问题。根据“It can be a problem”可知,此处指没有意识到其潜在危险,会是一个问题,此处用aware的反义词unaware。故填unaware。
3.He is quick-minded and speaks strongly like a (lead). That makes him special.
【答案】leader
【详解】句意:他思维敏捷,说话有力,像个领导者。这让他很特别。根据“a”可知,此处需填表示“人”的名词,lead对应的表示“领导者”的名词是leader。故填leader。
4.He was an man with great business talents. (usual)
【答案】unusual
【详解】句意:他是一个有着出色商业天赋的非凡之人。usual“通常的;平常的”,形容词。根据“with great business talents”可知,此处需表达“不寻常的、非凡的”含义,需在“usual”前加否定前缀“un-”构成反义词“unusual”。故填unusual。
5.Grandpa Tan is a 61-year-old panda . (keep)
【答案】keeper
【详解】句意:谭爷爷是一位61岁的大熊猫饲养员。根据“Grandpa Tan is a 61-year-old panda…”可知,此处需填名词,表示“熊猫饲养员”;“keep”的派生名词“keeper”符合语境,指“饲养员/管理员”。故填keeper。
6.My English teacher always speaks to us with great (kind). Everyone in our class likes her.
【答案】kindness
【详解】句意:我的英语老师总是非常和蔼地和我们说话。我们班的每个人都喜欢她。“kind”是形容词,根据“with great”可知,此处应用其名词形式“kindness”,意为“和蔼,仁慈”。故填kindness。
7.She’s a very (usual) woman, one of a kind.
【答案】unusual
【详解】句意:她是一个非常独特的女人,独一无二。usual“通常的”,形容词;根据句意“one of a kind(独一无二)”可知此处应使用其反义词unusual“不寻常的,独特的”来修饰woman。故填unusual。
8.She is (able) to come to the meeting because she’s sick.
【答案】unable
【详解】句意:她不能来参加会议,因为她病了。根据“She is…to come to the meeting because she’s sick.”可知,因为她病了,所以她不能来参加会议。able需要在其前面加上否定前缀un-,构成反义词unable。故填unable。
9.Did the English teacher give you any (suggest)?
【答案】suggestions
【详解】句意:英语老师给你什么建议了吗?“any”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,“suggest”是动词,其名词形式“suggestion”为可数名词,需用复数形式“suggestions”。故填suggestions。
10.Many patients are waiting outside the clinic (patient). Some of them become angry.
【答案】impatiently
【详解】句意:许多病人在诊所外面不耐烦地等着。他们中的一些人变得愤怒。patient“有耐心的”,形容词,根据“Some of them become angry.”可知,排队太久而变得愤怒,说明已经不耐烦了,应用副词impatiently“不耐烦地”修饰动词waiting。故填impatiently。
11.She promised that she would never leave him. (faith)
【答案】faithfully
【详解】句意:她信誓旦旦地承诺永远不会离开他。此空修饰动词“promised”,应用“faith”的副词形式faithfully“忠实地”。故填faithfully。
12.My 80-year-old grandmother is still very and even teaches others square dance. (act)
【答案】active
【详解】句意:我的80岁祖母仍然非常活跃,甚至还教别人跳广场舞。根据“even teaches others square dance”和提示词可知,80岁的祖母仍然非常活跃。active“活跃的”,形容词,作表语。故填active。
13.It is (polite) to speak to the old loudly.
【答案】impolite
【详解】句意:对老人大声说话是不礼貌的。polite“礼貌的”,形容词。根据“to speak to the old loudly”可知,对老人大声说话应该是不礼貌的,因此用polite的反义词impolite“不礼貌的”,在句中作表语。故填impolite。
14.The woman got (patient) as she waited in line for a long time.
【答案】impatient
【详解】句意:那个女人变得不耐烦了,因为她排了很长时间队。根据“as she waited in line for a long time”可知,此处表示因长时间排队而变得不耐烦,应用patient“耐心的”的反义词impatient“不耐烦的”,位于系动词“got”后作表语。故填impatient。
15.He is an (patient) person, so he doesn’t like to wait for anybody for long.
【答案】impatient
【详解】句意:他是个没有耐心的人,所以他不喜欢长时间等任何人。patient“有耐心的”,形容词,根据“he doesn’t like to wait for anybody for long.”可知,他不喜欢长时间等任何人,说明他是个没有耐心的人,impatient“没有耐心的”,形容词作定语修饰名词person。故填impatient。
16.The seller was found (honest) for misleading customers about the product’s quality.
【答案】dishonest
【详解】句意:卖家因在产品质量上误导顾客而被发现不诚实。honest“诚实的”,形容词。根据“misleading customers about the product’s quality.”可知,这样做是不诚实的,应用dishonest。故填dishonest。
17.Online shopping makes our lives more (convenience) than before.
【答案】convenient
【详解】句意:网购让我们的生活比以前更便利。根据“more…than before”可知此处应用“convenience”的形容词convenient“便利的”,和“more”构成形容词比较级,作宾语补足语。故填convenient。
18.I think a successful (learn)should have good learning habits.
【答案】learner
【详解】句意:我认为一个成功的学习者应该有良好的学习习惯。结合中文提示 “learn(学习)” 以及 “a successful” 可知,此处需要表示 “学习者” 的名词;“learn” 的名词形式 “learner” 意为 “学习者”,且 “a” 后接可数名词单数,故填 learner。
19.If you are (interest) in Huangmei Opera, come and join our club.
【答案】interested
【详解】句意:如果你对黄梅戏感兴趣,就来加入我们的俱乐部吧。“be interested in...”是固定短语,意为“对……感兴趣” ,“interest”的形容词形式“interested”用于此结构,描述人的感受。故填interested。
20.The weather here is , with sudden storms and temperature drops. (change)
【答案】changeable
【详解】句意:这里的天气多变,常有突如其来的暴风雨和气温骤降。is为be动词,后跟形容词做表语;change的形容词形式是changeable“多变的”,用于修饰weather多变。故填changeable。
21.Emma’s dream is to become a famous when she grows up. (design)
【答案】designer
【详解】句意:Emma的梦想是长大后成为一名著名的设计师。动词design意为“设计”,根据句意可知需要名词形式designer表示“设计师”,且前面有不定冠词a修饰,故填designer。
22.Sometimes brothers or sisters will (agree) with each other, but they still care about each other.
【答案】disagree
【详解】句意:有时兄弟姐妹会彼此意见不合,但他们仍然关心对方。根据“but they still care about each other”可知,这里指彼此意见不合,此处需填反义词,disagree“不同意”,是动词,will后接动词原形,故填disagree。
23.The act of (kind) from the stranger warmed my heart on the cold winter day.
【答案】kindness
【详解】句意:陌生人的善意之举温暖了我在那个寒冷冬天的内心。根据“The act of...from the stranger”和提示词可知,此处表示陌生人的善意之举,of后接名词,kind的名词为kindness,且为不可数名词。故填kindness。
24.Neil’s neighbour, Mr Smith, is a computer (engine). He often helps people check their computers.
【答案】engineer
【详解】句意:Neil的邻居Smith先生是位计算机工程师。他经常帮助人们检查电脑。前面有冠词a,后面填一个名词。根据“He often helps people check their computers.”可知,Smith先生经常帮助人们检查电脑,说明他是计算机工程师,engine为动词,名词形式是加后缀er变成engineer,表示“工程师”。故填engineer。
链接中考(测试时间:15分钟)
(2024·浙江温州·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的适当形式。
As a Canadian, I have been very interested in Chinese since very young. 1 the age of 12, I entered a Chinese writing competition. I tried 2 (real) hard but I failed to win a prize. I 3 (think) that learning Chinese was a huge challenge and lost confidence in myself.
One day, a book called Journey to the West caught 4 (I) eyes. In the book, Monkey King needs to borrow a fan to cross the Mountain of Flames. 5 he fails twice, he doesn’t give up and finally makes it.
Strongly encouraged by Monkey King, I kept 6 (work) hard on Chinese. Still, I met some problems along the way, but I found learning Chinese was 7 exciting challenge for me. Last week, I 8 (give) the third prize in a Chinese writing competition. I wasn’t the 9 (great) one in the competition, but I learned to face challenges bravely.
The journey of learning Chinese is like climbing towards the mountain top, sometimes up, sometimes down. The experiences can cause me pain, but also fill my life with 10 (happy). I will continue on my journey, looking forward to playing a role in developing communication between the East and the West in the future.
【答案】1.At 2.really 3.thought 4.my 5.Although/Though/After 6.working 7.an 8.was given 9.greatest 10.happiness
【导语】本文主要介绍了一个加拿大人学习汉语的经历。
1.句意:12岁时,我参加了一个中文写作比赛。at the age of“在……岁时”,固定短语,位于句首首字母需大写。故填At。
2.句意:我真的很努力,但还是没能得奖。此处应用副词修饰动词tried。故填really。
3.句意:我认为学习中文是一个巨大的挑战,对自己失去了信心。由“learning Chinese was a huge challenge and lost confidence in myself”可知,句子为一般过去时,应用过去式。故填thought。
4.句意:有一天,一本叫《西游记》的书引起了我的注意。由“…eyes”可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词。故填my。
5.句意:虽然他失败了两次,但他不放弃,最终成功了。/在两次失败后,他没有放弃,最终成功了。由“…he fails twice, he doesn’t give up and finally makes it”可知,此处指虽然他失败了两次,但他没有放弃,应用although/though引导让步状语从句,位于句首首字母需大写;或指他在失败两次之后也没有放弃,可用after引导时间状语从句,位于句首首字母需大写。故填Although/Though/After。
6.句意:在孙悟空的大力鼓励下,我继续努力学习中文。keep doing sth.“继续做某事”,固定短语。故填working。
7.句意:尽管如此,我还是遇到了一些问题,但我发现学习中文对我来说是一个令人兴奋的挑战。由“…exciting challenge”可知,此处应用不定冠词an表泛指。故填an。
8.句意:上周,我在语文写作比赛中获得了三等奖。由“Last week, I…the third prize in a Chinese writing competition”可知,是被发了奖项,句子为一般过去时,应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为was/were+过去分词,主语是I,be动词用was。故填was given。
9.句意:在比赛中我不是最优秀的,但我学会了勇敢地面对挑战。由“the…one in the competition”可知,此处应用形容词的最高级形式。故填greatest。
10.句意:这些经历会让我痛苦,但也会让我的生活充满快乐。由“The experiences can cause me pain, but also fill my life with…”可知,此处应用名词形式。故填happiness。
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专题03 语法串讲3(定语从句、构词法)(期末复习讲义)
语法点
常考题型
命题趋势
定语从句、构词法
单项选择
语法选择
语法填空等
1.注重素养:更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。
2.情境化突出:借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境,将语法考察与实际生活相结合。
3.文化传承与价值导向明显:注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。
定语从句
知识点01 定语从句的定义:
修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
知识点02 定语从句的先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语。
知识点03 定语从句的关系词:
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;
关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1. 引导定语从句。2. 代替先行词。3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。
知识点04 定语从句的结构:
先行词+关系词+定语从句。
知识点05 关系代词引导的定语从句
(1)who指人,在从句中做主语。
The woman visited our factory yesterday is an Australian friend. 昨天参观我们工厂的女士是一位澳大利亚朋友。
(2)whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
【注意】关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
1.This is the student I met yesterday. 这是我昨天见到的那个学生。
2.Who’s that man you just talked to? 刚才与你谈话的那个男人是谁?
3.The man you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚遇见的那个人是我的朋友。
(3)which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
1.The shoe shop is a shop sells shoes. 鞋店是销售鞋的商店。
2.The book I read last night was wonderful. 我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。
(4)that指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
1.She is one of the students works very hard. 她是最用功的学生中的一个。
2.A library is a place people like very much. 图书馆是一个人们非常喜欢的地方。
(5)whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
【注意】whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替。
1.This is our classmate, Mary, home is not far from our school. 这是我们的同学玛丽,她的家离我们学校不远。
2.He has a friend father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。
3.I once lived in a house roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在一幢屋顶已倒塌的房子。
4.Do you like the book cover is yellow? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书?
=Do you like the book the cover is yellow? 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书?
5.The classroom door is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那个教室将很快修复。
=The classroom the door is broken will soon be repaired. 门坏了的那个教室将很快修复。
(6)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句:关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导。
① 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等。
② 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能
用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose。
1.This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) // This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) // The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) // The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
知识点06
限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况
① 先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等。
② 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
③ 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时。
④ 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。
⑤ 当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句用that 引导。
⑥ 先行词既有人又有物时。
⑦ time作先行词,前面如果有序数词或 last 修饰时,定语从句用 that 来引导或省略;如果没有序数词或 last 修饰时,既可用 when 也可用that来引导。
1.All he said is true. 他所说的都是真的。
2.All you have to do is to practice every day. 你要做的就是每天都要练习。
3.The first lesson I learned will never be forgotten. 我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。
4.This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
5.I have read all the books you gave me. 我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。
6.The white flower is the only one I really like. 这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。
7.This is the very book I want to read. 这就是我要看的那本书。
8.This is the same skirt I want to buy. (同一条裙子) 这就是我想买的那条裙子。
9.This is the only book I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的唯一的一本书。
10.Who is the man is standing there? 站在那儿的那个人是谁?
11.Which of us knows something about physics doesn't know this? 在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个?
12.We talked about the persons and things we could remember. 我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。
13.This is the last time I shall give you a lesson. 这是我最后一次给你们上课了。
14.The first time I saw him was in 2002. 我第一次见到他是在2002年。
15.There isn’t much I can do. 我能做的不多。
知识点07 下列情况只能用 which:
①关系代词作介词的宾语时,用“介词+which”结构。②引导非限制性定语从句时,只能用which。
1.This novel, I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍了。
2.This is the book you ask. 这是你要的那本书。
构词法
一 转化法
在英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
知识点01
动词转化为名词:很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作(如下③)。
①Let’s go out for a walk. 我们到外面去散步吧。
②Let’s have a swim. 咱们游泳吧。
③He is a man of strong build. 他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
知识点02
名词转化为动词:很多表示物件(如下①),身体部位(如下②),某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词,
①Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?
②Please hand me the book. 请把那本书递给我。
③She nursed her husband back to health. 她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
④We lunched together. 我们在一起吃了午餐。
知识点03
形容词转化为动词:有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
1.We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
2.He slowed down at the crossroad. 他在十字路口减速。
3.Please warm up the cold meat. 请把冷肉热一下。
知识点04
副词转化为动词:有少数副词可转化为动词。
Murder will out. (谚语)恶事终必将败露。
知识点05
形容词转化为名词:表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①);某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用,表示一类人,做主语时,谓语用复数(如下②)。
①You should be dressed in black at the funeral. 你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。
②The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
二 派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。加在单词前面的词缀叫前缀,加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。
1. 前缀:除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不引起词义的变化。
知识点01
表示否定意义的前缀,在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。常用的否定前缀有:
前 缀
例 词
dis- 主要加在名词、形容词,动词之前
disappear消失;dislike 不喜欢;dishonest 不诚实的;disorder混乱,骚乱;disadvantage缺点;dishonorable不光彩的;disagree不同意;dissimilar不同的
im- 加在字母m, b, p之前
impossible不可能的;impolite粗鲁的,无礼的
in- 常加在形容词,名词之前
incorrect不正确的;informal非正式的;indirect间接的;inability无能力;inaccurate不准确的
mis- 加在动词、名词前
mistake 错误;misuse 错用misunderstand误解;misjudge误判;misfortune不幸;
un- 主要放于名词,形容词,副词前面
unhappy不愉快的;unlucky 不幸的;untrue 不真实的;unfair不公平的;unknown未知的,陌生的;unable不会/能的;unfriendly 不友好的;unhealthy不健康的
non- 加在形容词、名词前
non-existence不存在;non-essential非本质的,不重要的non-smoker 非吸烟者
ir- 放在以r开头的英语单词前面
irregular不稳固的;irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的,不能解决的
de- 加在名词、形容词前
demobilize遣散,使…复员;decolor 脱色,漂白
anti- 加在名词、形容词前边
anti-Japanese抗日战争;antigas防毒气的;antisocial反社会的
counter- 加在名词、动词前
counterattack反攻,反击;counteract抵抗阻碍;counterrevolution反革命
il- 主要加在以1开头的单词的前边
illegal非法的;illiterate文盲的 没有文化的;illogical不合逻辑的
知识点02
表示其他意义的前缀常用的有:
前 缀
例 词
a- 多构成表语形容词
alone单独的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的
auto- 表示“自动”
autochart自动图表;autobiography自传;Autonomous自治的
co- 表示“共同”
cooperate合作;co-worker同事
down- 表示“往下”
download下载;downstairs下楼
en- 表示“使……”
enjoy使高兴;endanger(使)遇危险;enlarge变大;enable(使)能够
fore- 表示“前的”
forehead额头;foresee预见
inter- 表示“互相,在……之间”
internet互联网;international国际的
kilo- 表示“千”
kilometre千米,公里;kilogram千克,公斤
man-表示“人,由人”
man-made人造的,人工的,合成的
mid- 表示“中间的”
midnight 午夜;mid-autumn中秋
micro- 表示“微观的,小的”
microfilm缩微胶卷;microphone话筒;micro-economy微观经济
re- 表示“重新,再;又”
reuse再用;retell复述;rewrite重写;rebuild重建
sub- 表示“下面的;次;小”
subway地铁;subconscious下(潜)意识;submarine潜艇
super- 表示“超级的”
superman 超人;supermarket超市;supergirl超级女孩
tele- 表示“远的,电信的(强调距离)”
telephone电话;telegraph;电报;telescope望远镜;television 电视
2. 后缀:英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词,也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。
知识点01
构成名词的后缀常用的有
后 缀
例 词
-(a)n 表示“某国人”
Australian澳大利亚人;Italian意大利人;Canadian加拿大人;European欧洲人
-ance, -ence表示“性质,程度”
attendance出勤率;acceptance接受;assistance帮助;dependence依靠
-ce表示“性质,程度”
difference不同之处;importance重要性;patience耐性;
-ese 表示“某国人”
Japanese日本人;Chinese中国人;Vietnamese越南人
-ess表示“雌性”
actress女演员;lioness 母狮子
-(e)r表示“从事某事的人”
teacher教师;singer歌手;driver司机;writer作家;runner跑步者;winner胜利者
-ful 表示某容器的容量
handful一把的;mouthful一口之量的;glassful一杯之量的
-hood表示关系或抽象意义
motherhood母亲身份;childhood童年;girlhood少女时代;neighborhood邻居
-ian表示“精通……的人”
musician音乐家
-ing表示“动作的过程,结果”
feeling感觉,触觉;感情,情绪;reading阅读,朗读;读物;building建筑;建筑物
-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示“行为的过程,结果,状况”
action行动;solution解决方案;conclusion结论;结局; expression表达;correction改正,修正;pronunciation发音;读法;invitation邀请;decision决定;discussion讨论
-ist表示“专业人员”
pianist 钢琴家;scientist 科学家;artist艺术家;typist打字员;violinist小提琴家
-ment表示“性质;状态”
agreement 协议;movement 运动;development发展;punishment惩罚
-ness表示“性质;状态”
happiness 幸福;business 事务;illness疾病;sadness悲痛;kindness和蔼;greatness伟大
-or表示“从事某事的人”
actor 演员;sailor 海员;visitor访问者,参观者;inventor发明家/人;创造者
-ship 表示状态、抽象概念
friendship友谊;membership会员资格;leadership领导权;relationship关系
-th
warmth温暖;truth 真理;length 长度;youth青年;death死亡;growth成长
-ty 表示特性或情况
difficulty困难;safety安全;beauty美人;ability能力
-ure表示“行为,结果”
failure失败;故障;pleasure快乐;希望;娱乐;令人高兴的事
知识点02
构成动词的后缀常用的有
后 缀
例 词
-(e)n多用于形容词名词
后变动词“使得,变得”
widen加宽;sharpen 削 ;变尖;loosen 使松散;strengthen加强;lessen减少
-fy表示“使……化”
beautify美化;purify提纯
-ize表示“使……成为”
realize意识到;organize组织
知识点03
构成形容词的后缀常用的有
后 缀
例 词
-able表示“有能力的”
reasonable有道理的;eatable 能吃的;enjoyable 令人愉快的
-al
natural自然的;national 民族的,国家的;
-an/ian表示“某国(人)的”
American美国(人)的;Australian澳大利亚(人)的;Indian印度(人)的
-ed
moved受感动的
-en 多用于表示材料的名词后“由……构成的”
woolen羊毛的;羊毛制的;golden金的;wooden木制的;frighten恐吓
-ent/-ant
pleasant令人愉快的;dependent依赖的;different不同的
-ern表示“方向的”
eastern东方的;southern南方的;northern北方的western西方的
-ese表示“某国人的”
Chinese中国人的;Japanese日本人的
-ful
beautiful美丽的;careful小心的;powerful强大的;colorful多彩的
-ing
moving 感动的;encouraging 鼓舞人心的;exciting令人激动的;interesting有趣的
-(ic)al
electric/electrical 电的;historic有历史性的;economical经济的;political政治的;scientific科学的
-ish
childish孩子气的;selfish自私的;womanish像女人的;bookish书呆子气的
-ive
active积极的,collective集体的 ;decisive决定性的;native本国的
-less 表示“否定”
careless 粗心的;useless 无用的;hopeless希望渺茫的;countless不可数的;helpless无助的
-like表示“像……的”
girllike像女孩一样的;boylike像男孩一样的;motherlike像母亲一样的
-ly
friendly友好的;yearly每年的;monthly每月的,weekly每周的;lovely可爱的;lively活泼的
-ous
famous著名的;continuous连续不断的;delicious可口的
-some
handsome英俊的,大方的;gladsome愉快的;tiresome疲惫的;lonesome孤独的
-(t)y
thirsty口渴的;noisy喧闹的;healthy健康的
-y 表示“天气”
snowy雪的;rainy下雨的;cloudy多云的;dusty多尘的
【注意】后缀词-ing与-ed的区别:加-ing的后缀词形容词主语一般为物,表示“令人……的”;加-ed的后缀词形容词,主语一般为人,表示“某人感到……”。如:
The movie was very interesting. All of us were interested in it. 那部电影很有趣。我们所有的人都对它感兴趣。(interesting指的是电影有兴趣,而interested指的是人对电影感兴趣)
知识点04
构成副词的常用后缀有
后 缀
例 词
-ly主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度
angrily生气地;slowly慢慢地,beautifully美丽地;terribly可怕地
-ward(s) 主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向
towards朝……,向……;eastward向东方地;backwards向后退地;upwards向上地;westward向西地;homeward向家去地
-wise
otherwise否则;likewise同样地;clockwise顺时针方向地;
知识点05
构成数词的后缀有
后 缀
例 词
-teen (十几)
thirteen三十;fourteen十四;fifteen十五;sixteen十六;eighteen十八;nineteen十九
-ty (几十)
twenty二十;thirty三十;forty四十;fifty五十;sixty六十;eighty八十nine→ninety九十
-th (构成序数词)
fifth第五; sixth第六;sixteenth第十六;fortieth第四十;twenty-first第二十一
基础通关(测试时间:10分钟)
1.—Have you got ready for the basketball match?
—Yes, I’ve done everything ________ I can to win the match.
A.what B.who C.whose D.that
2.He Zhong is the boy ________ the photo competition last year!
A.which won B.that wins C.who won D.whose wins
3.The restaurant has a new machine ________ provides fresh grape juice in just one minute.
A.who B.what C.which D.where
4.The game ________ they like most is Australian football.
A.that B.who C.whom D.what
5.Look! Our English teacher is the man ________ stands near the red car.
A.which B.who C./ D.whom
6.This travelling book is a good tool ________ helps you plan your driving route.
A.who B.which C.whom D.what
7.We like reading books ________ opens the doors of the world.
A.what B.whose C.which D.who
8.—Do you know Frank?
—Yes. He is the boy ________ likes playing the piano.
A.who B.which C.whom D.whose
9.He is the hero ________ we like best.
A.what B.who C.which D.where
10.It’s the pen ________ I gave you yesterday.
A.who B.which C.what D.where
11.In Aboriginal culture, their ancient stories describe the spirits ________ created the world.
A.who B.what C.that D./
重难突破(测试时间:10分钟)
(22-23九年级上·浙江温州·期末)语法填空
Many animals are in danger. In order to protect the animals, World Animal Day falls on the 1 (four) of October. Protecting animals has got much attention all over the world. It is to make the world 2 better place for all animals.
Every year IUCN reports some important information about the plants and animals in danger. The giraffe is one of 3 (they). Over the last 30 years, the number of giraffes has dropped by 40%. Things are getting much 4 (bad). There are now fewer than 100,000 giraffes in the world today! Many animals are losing their 5 (life) because of human activities. Animals are often killed 6 their meat, teeth or even just for fun.
Animals will get more help, if everyone 7 (start) to do something. Here are the things you can do.
Love animals. You could give them a hand when it is necessary. They can live 8 (happy) with us.
Go outside to see wildlife. If you take a walk in nature, you can enjoy 9 (see) all the plants and animals around you.
Speak up for wildlife. Animals can't speak for themselves. You can be a voice for your animal friends.
Learn more about 10 (animal) difficult situations. By learning about their problems and pains, you can find new ways to help them.
易混易错(测试时间:10分钟)
1.It’s (possible) for me to eat all the food in 10 minutes.
2.It can be a problem if you are of the hidden danger of using public Wi-Fi. (aware)
3.He is quick-minded and speaks strongly like a (lead). That makes him special.
4.He was an man with great business talents. (usual)
5.Grandpa Tan is a 61-year-old panda . (keep)
6.My English teacher always speaks to us with great (kind). Everyone in our class likes her.
7.She’s a very (usual) woman, one of a kind.
8.She is (able) to come to the meeting because she’s sick.
9.Did the English teacher give you any (suggest)?
10.Many patients are waiting outside the clinic (patient). Some of them become angry.
11.She promised that she would never leave him. (faith)
12.My 80-year-old grandmother is still very and even teaches others square dance. (act)
13.It is (polite) to speak to the old loudly.
14.The woman got (patient) as she waited in line for a long time.
15.He is an (patient) person, so he doesn’t like to wait for anybody for long.
16.The seller was found (honest) for misleading customers about the product’s quality.
17.Online shopping makes our lives more (convenience) than before.
18.I think a successful (learn)should have good learning habits.
19.If you are (interest) in Huangmei Opera, come and join our club.
20.The weather here is , with sudden storms and temperature drops. (change)
21.Emma’s dream is to become a famous when she grows up. (design)
22.Sometimes brothers or sisters will (agree) with each other, but they still care about each other.
23.The act of (kind) from the stranger warmed my heart on the cold winter day.
24.Neil’s neighbour, Mr Smith, is a computer (engine). He often helps people check their computers.
链接中考(测试时间:15分钟)
(2024·浙江温州·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的适当形式。
As a Canadian, I have been very interested in Chinese since very young. 1 the age of 12, I entered a Chinese writing competition. I tried 2 (real) hard but I failed to win a prize. I 3 (think) that learning Chinese was a huge challenge and lost confidence in myself.
One day, a book called Journey to the West caught 4 (I) eyes. In the book, Monkey King needs to borrow a fan to cross the Mountain of Flames. 5 he fails twice, he doesn’t give up and finally makes it.
Strongly encouraged by Monkey King, I kept 6 (work) hard on Chinese. Still, I met some problems along the way, but I found learning Chinese was 7 exciting challenge for me. Last week, I 8 (give) the third prize in a Chinese writing competition. I wasn’t the 9 (great) one in the competition, but I learned to face challenges bravely.
The journey of learning Chinese is like climbing towards the mountain top, sometimes up, sometimes down. The experiences can cause me pain, but also fill my life with 10 (happy). I will continue on my journey, looking forward to playing a role in developing communication between the East and the West in the future.
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