专题01 语法知识串讲1（形容词，副词的级、过去进行时）（期末复习讲义）八年级英语上学期新教材译林版

该初中英语期末复习讲义通过表格梳理与知识点分层构建形容词副词级和过去进行时的知识体系，用对比表格呈现形容词副词级的规则与不规则变化，以“知识点+易错点拨”框架解析比较级最高级用法及过去进行时谓语构成、时间状语等重难点，清晰呈现语法点内在逻辑。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础通关含单项选择（如比较级句型转换题），重难突破设短文填空（如过去进行时与一般过去时辨析），培养语言能力与思维品质。易错点拨（如“as...as”结构冠词位置）帮助基础生夯实基础，中考链接题助力优秀生提升，支持学生自主复习，为教师精准教学提供依据。

专题01 语法知识串讲1（形容词，副词的级、过去进行时）（期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 形容词，副词的级、过去进行时 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 形容词、副词的级 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成规律 知识点01 规则变化 1. 一般在词尾直接加 。如：tall-taller-tallest; long-longer-longest; soon-sooner-soonest; hard-harder-hardest等。 2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加 。如：nice-nicer-nicest, late-later-latest等。 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词， 。如：heavy-heavier-heaviest; early-earlier-earliest等。 4. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 。如：big-bigger-biggest等。 【注意】大，红，湿，热，悲，瘦，胖；双写末辅再变级。（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat） 5. 部分双音节词和多音节词，分别是在原级 。如： often-more often-most often; beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful等。 【注意】表示否定意义的比较级和最高级可以在其前加less /least。如：important-less important-least important等。 English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English. 6. 由“形容词+ly”构成的副词，分别是在原级前加more构成比较级和在原级前加most构成最高级。如： slowly-more slowly-most slowly；quickly-more quickly- most quickly等。但early(形容词)-earlier-earliest例外。 知识点02不规则变化（好坏多少老远） 原 级 比较级 最高级 good好的 更好的 最好的 well好；(身体)好的 bad,badly糟糕的，糟糕地 更糟糕的，更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的 最糟糕的，最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的 ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) 更多的；更 最多的；最 much许多的(不可数)；非常 little少的 更少的 最少的 old旧的，老的，年长的 较旧的，较老的 最旧的，最老的 较年长的 最年长的 far远的；远地 (指距离)更远的；更远地 (指距离)最远的/地 (指程度)进一步的/地 (指程度)最深刻的/地 下列单、双音节词只能加more和most。如：like, real, right, glad, tired, pleased, often, exact等。 【注意】有些形容词如：dead, empty, sure, round, woolen等无比较级和最高级。 形容词、副词比较等级的用法 知识点01 原级的用法 ⒈ 讲述某人/物自身的情况时，用原级。只能修饰原级的词有：very, quite, so, too, rather。基本句型为： “主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(very/too/so/quite/rather…)+形容词/副词原级 +其它.” He is very old now. They ran quite fast. The weather looks rather bad. I am so happy! ⒉ 原级常用的句型结构 ⑴ 表示两者之间没有差别时，即A= B，使用句型：“A +谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B+其它.” Tom is as old as Kate. He is as excited as his younger sister. Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady. ⑵ 表示A比不上B时，即A＜B，使用句型：“A+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B+其它.”（so只能用于否定句中，as既可以用于肯定句也可以用于否定句中） This room is not as/so big as that one. He doesn’t walk as slowly as you. 【注意】在as ... as结构中，若形容词作定语修饰单数可数名词，不定冠词a (an)应置于形容词和名词之间，不可放在形容词之前。as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰。 She is your father. 她和你的父亲一样是个好老师。 “as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较，这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词，但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as。not so much…as (或not…so much as)的意思是“不如……那样多”或“与其说是……不如说是……”。 Henry is a reporter. 与其说亨利是一个作家不如说是一个记者。 They weren’t sandbars. 与其说那是些岛屿，还不如说都是些沙洲。 ⒊ 表示“相当于……的一半/两倍/三倍……”等时，用“half/twice/three/four/…times as+形容词原级+as”句型。 This book is half as thick as that one. This garden is ten times as large as that one. ⒋“the same＋名词＋as”表示同等比较。 I’m the same tall as you. 知识点02 比较级的用法 1. 比较级常用句型结构： ⑴ 表示两者比较，A超过B时，用比较级。基本句型为：“A+谓语动词(系动词)+形容词/副词比较级+than+B+ 其它”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去than。 He works harder than I. This book didn’t cost me more than that one. ⑵ 表示两者比较，A不及B时，用比较级。句型是：“A+谓语动词+less+(多音节形/副)比较级+than+B+其它”。 I think English is less difficult than maths. Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language? ⑶ “the+比较级+of the two”表示“两者中较……的一个”。 Wang Gang is the taller of the two boys. Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two. ⑷ “ ”表示“越来越……”，注意多音节形容词或副词用“more and more+多音节形容词或副词原级”。 The weather is getting warmer and warmer. The days are getting longer and longer. He becomes fatter and fatter. English is becoming more and more important. ⑸ “The + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”表示“ ” The more trees we plant, the better it will be. The harder you try, the greater your progress is. ⑹ “特殊疑问词+be+形容词/副词的比较级+甲or乙？”用于两者之间的比较。 Which do you like better, the blue coat or the white coat? 易｜错｜点｜拨 需注意的比较级的用法： ⑴ 比较级前还可以用a little, much, far, a lot, still, even等来修饰。以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 Tom looks even younger than before. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. ⑵ than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。 My pencil is longer than yours (your pencil). ⑶ 用比较级表示最高级含义的常用句型有： 1 比较级+than+any other+单数名词。 Xiaoming is taller than any other boy in his class.=Xiaoming is taller than(any of)the other boys in his class.=Xiaoming is the tallest boy in his class. 2 比较级+than+the other+复数名词。 Tom is taller than the other boys in our class. 3 比较级+than+anyone else。 Tom is taller than anyone else in our class. 4 比较级+than+all other+复数名词。 This building is higher than all other buildings in Beijing. 5 Nobody else+比较级+than …。 Nobody else is taller than Tom in our class. ⑥ 有关的否定词+比较级。如： No other books has had a greater influence on my work and study. I never read a more interesting book. 知识点03 最高级的用法 1. 最高级常用句型结构： ⑴ 表示三者或三者以上进行比较用最高级。基本句型为：主语+谓语动+形容词/副词最高级+in/of/among+表示比较范围的名词、短语或从句。（of/among+人或物的复数形式，表示“在……之中的；在……中”；“in+地点、范围”表示“在……之中”。 He runs fastest in our class. This is the biggest apple I have ever met. He is the best among the students. ⑵“one of +the +形容词最高级+ 名词”表示“最……之一”。 He is one of the cleverest students in our class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. ⑶“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。 Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn? 2. 需注意的最高级的用法： ⑴ 副词的最高级前the 可省掉。如：Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. ⑵ 形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the，但如果形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，其前不加the；若两个最高级并列使用，后一个最高级前也可以不加the。 ⑶ most 同形容词连用而不用 the，表示“极，很，非常，十分”。 ⑷ 最高级可被序数词及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。 He is our best friend. Liu Fang is the youngest and shortest girl in our class. It’s most dangerous to be here. I cannot do it, it’s most difficult. It’s today’s most important news. This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat coat? The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 过去进行时 知识点01 谓语构成：由“助动词be的过去形式（was/were）+v-ing”。 知识点02 各种句式变化：否定形式是在be(was/were)后加not。 一般疑问句是把be(was/were)放到句首。如： He was not waiting for me at that time. ---- Was he waiting for me at that time? ---- Yes, he was.(No he wasn’t) 知识点03 过去进行时的用法 ① 表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。 ② 表示过去某一段时间内一直在做或持续进行的动作。 ③ 在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时。如： ④ 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，尤其是come, go, leave, start, begin, move等表示位置移动和起止的动词。 ⑤ 与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩。 1.They TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们在看电视。 2.I dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon. 我丈夫昨天下午到家时，我正在做晚饭。 3.What yesterday evening? 昨天晚上你一直在干些什么？ 4.He his homework between 8:00 and 9:00 on Sunday morning. 星期日八点到九点他一直在做作业。 5.Mary some reading while her younger brother was writing. 玛丽在看书，此时，她弟弟在写字。 6.She told me she Beijing next week. 她告诉我她下周动身去北京。 7.We two always . 我们俩老是吵架。 8.The boy was continually questions. 这孩子总是问东问西的。 知识点04 过去进行时常见的时间状语 ① 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：last night, at that time, at noon ② 也有时在没有时间状语的情况下，需要通过上下文的暗示或者在同一个句子中的推理来判定用过去进行时。如：yesterday, last Sunday等。 1.I was reading a book . 在那时我在看书。 2.I was watching TV . 昨晚八点钟的时候我在看电视。 3. , we all knew what we were studying for. 那时，我们都知道为什么而学习。 知识点05 when和while的区别： ① 引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。 ② while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。 ③ when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问；while 不能。 1. were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2.What was your father doing your mother was cooking？你妈妈做饭的时候，你爸爸在干什么呢？ 3.What was your mother doing you came back? 当你回来时，你妈妈在干什么呢？ 4.I was trying my best to finish my work my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。 易｜错｜点｜拨 过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较 ① 过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成。 ②过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。 1.He his homework in the afternoon. (没有言明作业是否完成) 2.He his homework in the afternoon. (作业已做完) 3. It all night. (只说明下雨事实) 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1．—I think the book Peter Pan is more interesting than Happy Prince. —You mean the Happy Prince is ________ Peter Pan. A．as interesting as B．the most interesting C．not as interesting as D．more interesting than 2．Some people want to have more farms and buildings. As a result, there will be ________ space for the wildlife. A．larger and larger B．fewer and fewer C．less and less D．worse and worse 3．—How tall the boy is! —Yes, he is taller than ________ in his class. A． any other student B．any student C．the other student D．other student 4．—How about the black dress, madam? —OK, but do you have ________ one? This one is a little short for me. A．a long B．the long C．the longer D．a longer 5．—Oh, no! I have to lose weight. The sweater doesn’t fit me. Could you show me a ______ one? —Just a minute. A．bigger B．biggest C．smaller D．smallest 6．Lots of people come to fish here, so the birds have _________ food to eat. A．more and more B．less and less C．fewer and fewer D．healthier and healthier 7．The temperature is getting ________. We’d better wear thick coats. A．warmer and warmer B．colder and colder C．higher and higher D．lower and lower 8．—Chen Yufei won her third championship (冠军) at the BWF China Masters. —I think it was really ________ moment for her in her life. A．more excited B．the most excited C．more exciting D．the most exciting 9．The wind is blowing ________, and the weather will get even ________ in the afternoon. A．badly, bad B．hardly, badly C．strongly, worse D．heavily, better 10．—The price of petrol (汽油) is not ________ that of last year. —Exactly! And some people plan to buy new energy cars instead. A．as good as B．as cheap as C．as high as D．as low as 11．—Don’t just believe the advertisements on Tictok, the things are _________ it says.           —OK, I see! A．as good as B．not as well as C．not as good as D．as well as 12．—Why didn’t you carry an umbrella with you? —Because it ________ when I left my home. A．didn’t rain B．rained C．wasn’t raining D．was raining 13．—Amy, you didn’t answer my call. What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night? —Sorry. I ________ TV at that time. A．watch B．watched C．was watching D．am watching 14．—Sandy, what is your plan for the coming winter holiday? —Pardon? I’m sorry. I ________ about something else. A．think B．thought C．am thinking D．was thinking 15．—Why didn’t you come to our party yesterday? —Sorry. I ________ a football match on TV from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. and forgot the time. A．watched B．was watching C．am watching D．will watch 16．—Did you watch the celebration 25th anniversary of Macao’s return to motherland? —Oh, no! I _________ a report at that time. A．wrote B．was writing C．am writing D．would write 17．—Is everything ready for the New Year Party? —I guess not. Henry and Hans ______ the room when I met them this morning. A．decorate B．decorated C．are decorating D．were decorating 18．—I called you at 7:00 yesterday evening, but nobody answered. —I’m sorry for it. My parents and I ________ in the supermarket. A．am shopping B．are shopping C．was shopping D．were shopping 19．—Tom, did you notice Jack come in? —No. I ________ a football game at that time. A．watch B．watched C．was watching D．am watching 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。（每空不限填一词） Max Burns, a 19-year-old British man, is very popular on the Internet because of his videos of 1 (make) Chinese food. Max’s parents 2 (work) in China for many years. So Max spent his first 13 years being immersed (沉浸于) in Chinese culture—learning the language and loving the food. When his family moved to Brighton, UK in 2017, Max missed Chinese food very much. He began to order takeaways (外卖食物) from local Chinese restaurants at first. But the meals didn’t taste as 3 (well) as they were in China. They were also 4 (real) expensive. Then Max decided to try to make Chinese 5 (dish) at home. Max found that many of his friends didn’t know much about the real Chinese food, 6 he wanted to do something. Then he made videos of making Chinese food and put 7 online. In his videos, Max shows others how to cook the real Chinese food at home. The videos 8 (help) him win millions of fans all over the world over the years. “When people ask me where I’m from, I find it hard 9 (answer) because I grew up in China and now I’m living in the UK,” he says. “I’m just trying to share Chinese and British culture 10 Chinese and British people, and build a cultural bridge between them.” 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Little Shawn had a fight with his parents and ran away from home, but the further he walked, the he got. Finally, beat him and he decided to go back. (hunger) 2．Many of the audience look quite . Is the movie ? (bored) 3．Recently, I’ve been practicing yoga, which has helped me manage my levels and feel than I used to be. (stress) 4．Kate is looking for some information about online tours. (far) 5．His wife’s sudden death made him (lonely) and quieter than before. 6．Jimmy felt (pride) than anyone else because he was recommended as “the Most Helpful Student” in our school. 7．Air pollution is (harm) to our health. So we should protect our environment. 8．In Yancheng Nature Reserve, tourists can watch the birds (easy) in the daytime. 9．Lily can’t sleep well since the bed in her school dormitory (宿舍) is . She cannot wait to come back home in the winter holiday and have a rest in her own bed. (comfortable) 10．With the money, we have sent many children to school. (success) 11．We should speak to the old as as possible, young man. (polite) 12．All the team members were (train) hard when I passed by the room. 13．—Why didn’t you open the door for me? —Sorry, I (translate) an email and didn’t hear the knock. 14．When I called Lucy last night, she (watch) a movie with her family. 15．We (climb) the hill when it began to rain yesterday. 16．—Did you see Anne outside the door just now? —Sure. She (ring) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 17．While we (mop) the floor, the telephone suddenly rang. 18．—I saw Alice in Greenwich Park last Sunday afternoon. —What? But she (practise) playing the volleyball with me that whole afternoon. 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） （2024·江苏常州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are many special days in a year, not only in the Western countries 1 in China. Mother’s Day is one of them. It is a special day when people show respect to their mothers. But do you know how it originated (起源)? Mother’s Day that 2 (celebrate) today began with a woman named Anna Jarvis. She wrote 3 (thousand) of letters to the local government and advised that the second Sunday in May should be celebrated 4 Mother’s Day. In 1914, the government of the US 5 (final) agreed. After that, the second Sunday in May became a day to express love for mothers all over the country. On Mother’s Day, children of all 6 (age) give their mothers different gifts. Popular gifts include flowers, jewellery or candy. Children also do nice things so their mother will not have to do any work on this day. Children 7 can’t be with their mother on the holiday send a card with a message of love. They also call their mother on the telephone 8 (wish) her a happy day. Mother’s Day is one of 9 (busy) days of the year for telephone use in the US. Nowadays, more and more people around the world like to celebrate Mother’s day. In China, many people invite their mother to see a film or go 10 (travel). Some family get together and have a big dinner for this day. It makes their life colorful and their life is full of more love. 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 语法知识串讲1（形容词，副词的级、过去进行时）（期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 形容词，副词的级、过去进行时 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 形容词、副词的级 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成规律 知识点01 规则变化 1. 一般在词尾直接加er或est。如：tall-taller-tallest; long-longer-longest; soon-sooner-soonest; hard-harder-hardest等。 2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st。如：nice-nicer-nicest, late-later-latest等。 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est。如：heavy-heavier-heaviest; early-earlier-earliest等。 4. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est。如：big-bigger-biggest等。 【注意】大，红，湿，热，悲，瘦，胖；双写末辅再变级。（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat） 5. 部分双音节词和多音节词，分别是在原级前加more构成比较级和在原级前加most构成最高级。如： often-more often-most often; beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful等。 【注意】表示否定意义的比较级和最高级可以在其前加less /least。如：important-less important-least important等。 English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English. 6. 由“形容词+ly”构成的副词，分别是在原级前加more构成比较级和在原级前加most构成最高级。如： slowly-more slowly-most slowly；quickly-more quickly- most quickly等。但early(形容词)-earlier-earliest例外。 知识点02不规则变化（好坏多少老远） 原 级 比较级 最高级 good好的 better更好的 best最好的 well好；(身体)好的 bad,badly糟糕的，糟糕地 worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的 worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的 ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) more更多的；更 most最多的；最 much许多的(不可数)；非常 little少的 less更少的 least最少的 old旧的，老的，年长的 older较旧的，较老的 oldest最旧的，最老的 elder较年长的 eldest最年长的 far远的；远地 farther(指距离)更远的；更远地 farthest(指距离)最远的/地 further(指程度)进一步的/地 furthest(指程度)最深刻的/地 下列单、双音节词只能加more和most。如：like, real, right, glad, tired, pleased, often, exact等。 【注意】有些形容词如：dead, empty, sure, round, woolen等无比较级和最高级。 形容词、副词比较等级的用法 知识点01 原级的用法 ⒈ 讲述某人/物自身的情况时，用原级。只能修饰原级的词有：very, quite, so, too, rather。基本句型为： “主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(very/too/so/quite/rather…)+形容词/副词原级 +其它.” He is very old now. They ran quite fast. The weather looks rather bad. I am so happy! ⒉ 原级常用的句型结构 ⑴ 表示两者之间没有差别时，即A= B，使用句型：“A +谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B+其它.” Tom is as old as Kate. He is as excited as his younger sister. Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady. ⑵ 表示A比不上B时，即A＜B，使用句型：“A+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B+其它.”（so只能用于否定句中，as既可以用于肯定句也可以用于否定句中） This room is not as/so big as that one. He doesn’t walk as slowly as you. 【注意】在as ... as结构中，若形容词作定语修饰单数可数名词，不定冠词a (an)应置于形容词和名词之间，不可放在形容词之前。as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰。 She is as good a teacher as your father. 她和你的父亲一样是个好老师。 “as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较，这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词，但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as。not so much…as (或not…so much as)的意思是“不如……那样多”或“与其说是……不如说是……”。 Henry is not so much a writer as a reporter. 与其说亨利是一个作家不如说是一个记者。 They weren’t so much islands as sandbars. 与其说那是些岛屿，还不如说都是些沙洲。 ⒊ 表示“相当于……的一半/两倍/三倍……”等时，用“half/twice/three/four/…times as+形容词原级+as”句型。 This book is half as thick as that one. This garden is ten times as large as that one. ⒋“the same＋名词＋as”表示同等比较。 I’m the same tall as you. 知识点02 比较级的用法 1. 比较级常用句型结构： ⑴ 表示两者比较，A超过B时，用比较级。基本句型为：“A+谓语动词(系动词)+形容词/副词比较级+than+B+ 其它”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去than。 He works harder than I. This book didn’t cost me more than that one. ⑵ 表示两者比较，A不及B时，用比较级。句型是：“A+谓语动词+less+(多音节形/副)比较级+than+B+其它”。 I think English is less difficult than maths. Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language? ⑶ “the+比较级+of the two”表示“两者中较……的一个”。 Wang Gang is the taller of the two boys. Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two. ⑷ “比较级+ and+比较级”表示“越来越……”，注意多音节形容词或副词用“more and more+多音节形容词或副词原级”。 The weather is getting warmer and warmer. The days are getting longer and longer. He becomes fatter and fatter. English is becoming more and more important. ⑸ “The + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”表示“越……越……”、“越……就越……” The more trees we plant, the better it will be. The harder you try, the greater your progress is. ⑹ “特殊疑问词+be+形容词/副词的比较级+甲or乙？”用于两者之间的比较。 Which do you like better, the blue coat or the white coat? 易｜错｜点｜拨 需注意的比较级的用法： ⑴ 比较级前还可以用a little, much, far, a lot, still, even等来修饰。以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 Tom looks even younger than before. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. ⑵ than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。 My pencil is longer than yours (your pencil). ⑶ 用比较级表示最高级含义的常用句型有： 1 比较级+than+any other+单数名词。 Xiaoming is taller than any other boy in his class.=Xiaoming is taller than(any of)the other boys in his class.=Xiaoming is the tallest boy in his class. 2 比较级+than+the other+复数名词。 Tom is taller than the other boys in our class. 3 比较级+than+anyone else。 Tom is taller than anyone else in our class. 4 比较级+than+all other+复数名词。 This building is higher than all other buildings in Beijing. 5 Nobody else+比较级+than …。 Nobody else is taller than Tom in our class. ⑥ 有关的否定词+比较级。如： No other books has had a greater influence on my work and study. I never read a more interesting book. 知识点03 最高级的用法 1. 最高级常用句型结构： ⑴ 表示三者或三者以上进行比较用最高级。基本句型为：主语+谓语动+形容词/副词最高级+in/of/among+表示比较范围的名词、短语或从句。（of/among+人或物的复数形式，表示“在……之中的；在……中”；“in+地点、范围”表示“在……之中”。 He runs fastest in our class. This is the biggest apple I have ever met. He is the best among the students. ⑵“one of +the +形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”。 He is one of the cleverest students in our class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. ⑶“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。 Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn? 2. 需注意的最高级的用法： ⑴ 副词的最高级前the 可省掉。如：Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. ⑵ 形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the，但如果形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，其前不加the；若两个最高级并列使用，后一个最高级前也可以不加the。 ⑶ most 同形容词连用而不用 the，表示“极，很，非常，十分”。 ⑷ 最高级可被序数词及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。 He is our best friend. Liu Fang is the youngest and shortest girl in our class. It’s most dangerous to be here. I cannot do it, it’s most difficult. It’s today’s most important news. This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat coat? The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 过去进行时 知识点01 谓语构成：由“助动词be的过去形式（was/were）+v-ing”。 知识点02 各种句式变化：否定形式是在be(was/were)后加not。 一般疑问句是把be(was/were)放到句首。如： He was not waiting for me at that time. ---- Was he waiting for me at that time? ---- Yes, he was.(No he wasn’t) 知识点03 过去进行时的用法 ① 表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。 ② 表示过去某一段时间内一直在做或持续进行的动作。 ③ 在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行时。如： ④ 表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作，尤其是come, go, leave, start, begin, move等表示位置移动和起止的动词。 ⑤ 与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩。 1.They were watching TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们在看电视。 2.I was cooking dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon. 我丈夫昨天下午到家时，我正在做晚饭。 3.What were you doing yesterday evening? 昨天晚上你一直在干些什么？ 4.He was doing his homework between 8:00 and 9:00 on Sunday morning. 星期日八点到九点他一直在做作业。 5.Mary was doing some reading while her younger brother was writing. 玛丽在看书，此时，她弟弟在写字。 6.She told me she was leaving for Beijing next week. 她告诉我她下周动身去北京。 7.We two were always quarrelling. 我们俩老是吵架。 8.The boy was continually asking questions. 这孩子总是问东问西的。 知识点04 过去进行时常见的时间状语 ① 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间状语连用。常见的时间状语有：last night, at that time, at noon ② 也有时在没有时间状语的情况下，需要通过上下文的暗示或者在同一个句子中的推理来判定用过去进行时。如：yesterday, last Sunday等。 1.I was reading a book at that time. 在那时我在看书。 2.I was watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday evening. 昨晚八点钟的时候我在看电视。 3.At that time, we all knew what we were studying for. 那时，我们都知道为什么而学习。 知识点05 when和while的区别： ① 引导时间状语从句时，while 连接的是时间段，后常接延续性动词；而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。 ② while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。 ③ when可作特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问；while 不能。 1.When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2.What was your father doing while your mother was cooking？你妈妈做饭的时候，你爸爸在干什么呢？ 3.What was your mother doing when you came back? 当你回来时，你妈妈在干什么呢？ 4.I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV. 我当时正在尽力完成作业，而我的妹妹正在看电视。 易｜错｜点｜拨 过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较 ① 过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则往往表示动作已完成。 ②过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。 1.He was doing his homework in the afternoon. (没有言明作业是否完成) 2.He did his homework in the afternoon. (作业已做完) 3. It rained all night. (只说明下雨事实) 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） 1．—I think the book Peter Pan is more interesting than Happy Prince. —You mean the Happy Prince is ________ Peter Pan. A．as interesting as B．the most interesting C．not as interesting as D．more interesting than 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我认为《彼得·潘》比《快乐王子》更有趣。——你的意思是《快乐王子》不如《彼得·潘》有趣。 考查“not as+形容词+as”结构。as interesting as和……一样有趣；the most interesting最有趣的；not as interesting as不如……有趣；more interesting than比……更有趣。根据“Peter Pan is more interesting than Happy Prince”可知，《彼得·潘》比《快乐王子》更有趣，即《快乐王子》不如《彼得·潘》有趣。故选C。 2．Some people want to have more farms and buildings. As a result, there will be ________ space for the wildlife. A．larger and larger B．fewer and fewer C．less and less D．worse and worse 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有些人想要更多的农场和建筑。因此，野生动物的生存空间将越来越少。 考查比较级。larger and larger越来越大；fewer and fewer越来越少；less and less越来越少；worse and worse越来越糟。根据“Some people want to have more farms and buildings. As a result, there will be ... space for the wildlife.”可知，野生动物的生存空间将越来越少，space为不可数名词，应用less and less修饰。故选C。 3．—How tall the boy is! —Yes, he is taller than ________ in his class. A． any other student B．any student C．the other student D．other student 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个男孩真高啊！——是的，他比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。 考查不定代词辨析及比较级用法。any other student其他任何学生，单数名词，不包括本人在内；any student任何学生，单数名词，包括本人在内；the other student另一个学生，通常用于“两者中的另一个”；other student其他学生，名词应用复数形式。根据“he is taller than”及“in his class”可知，此处是在同一范围内作比较，应用any other+名词单数，表示除主语外的所有人。故选A。 4．—How about the black dress, madam? —OK, but do you have ________ one? This one is a little short for me. A．a long B．the long C．the longer D．a longer 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——夫人，那件黑色连衣裙怎么样？——可以，但是你有长一点的吗？这件对我来说有点短。 考查冠词和形容词的用法。此处泛指“一条连衣裙”，应用不定冠词，所以排除选项B和C；根据“This one is a little short for me.”可知，这位夫人需要更长一点的连衣裙，所以此处应用比较级longer。因此空处应选a longer。故选D。 5．—Oh, no! I have to lose weight. The sweater doesn’t fit me. Could you show me a ______ one? —Just a minute. A．bigger B．biggest C．smaller D．smallest 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——哦，不！我必须减肥。这件毛衣不适合我。你能给我看一件更大的吗?——请稍等。 考查形容词比较级和最高级。bigger更大；biggest最大；smaller更小；smallest最小。根据“ I have to lose weight. The sweater doesn’t fit me.”可知，我要减肥，可知毛衣不适合我，需要来一件更大的毛衣。故选A。 6．Lots of people come to fish here, so the birds have _________ food to eat. A．more and more B．less and less C．fewer and fewer D．healthier and healthier 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很多人来这里钓鱼，所以鸟儿可以吃的食物越来越少。 考查形容词辨析及比较级。more and more越来越多的，其原级为many/much许多的；less and less越来越少的，其原级为little少的，修饰不可数名词；fewer and fewer越来越少的，其原级为few少的，修饰可数名词复数；healthier and healthier越来越健康的，其原级为healthy健康的。根据“Lots of people come to fish here,”可知，因为很多人来这里钓鱼，所以鸟的食物变得越来越少，food为不可数名词，所以应用less and less修饰。故选B。 7．The temperature is getting ________. We’d better wear thick coats. A．warmer and warmer B．colder and colder C．higher and higher D．lower and lower 【答案】D 【详解】句意：气温越来越低了。我们最好穿厚外套。 考查比较级。warmer and warmer越来越暖和；colder and colder越来越冷；higher and higher越来越高；lower and lower越来越低。根据“The temperature is getting...We’d better wear thick coats.”可知，这里是指气温越来越低，形容气温越来越低应用lower and lower。故选D。 8．—Chen Yufei won her third championship (冠军) at the BWF China Masters. —I think it was really ________ moment for her in her life. A．more excited B．the most excited C．more exciting D．the most exciting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——陈雨菲在世界羽联中国大师赛上赢得了她的第三个冠军。——我认为这真的是她人生中最激动人心的时刻。 考查最高级和形容词辨析。 excited感到兴奋的，修饰人；exciting令人激动的，修饰物。根据从句主语“it ”可知，应用“exciting”来修饰。根据“in her life”可知，此处表达人生中最激动的时刻，应用形容词“exciting”的最高级形式。故选D。 9．The wind is blowing ________, and the weather will get even ________ in the afternoon. A．badly, bad B．hardly, badly C．strongly, worse D．heavily, better 【答案】C 【详解】句意：风猛烈地吹着，天气在下午会变得更加糟糕。 考查副词和比较级。badly严重地，厉害地；bad有害的，糟的；hardly几乎不；strongly强有力地，强烈地；worse更糟的；heavily沉重地；better更好的。根据句子结构，第一空应为副词 “强烈地” ，副词修饰前面的动词blowing ；结合空前的even，第二空应为比较级，风大故天气还会变糟糕。故选C。 10．—The price of petrol (汽油) is not ________ that of last year. —Exactly! And some people plan to buy new energy cars instead. A．as good as B．as cheap as C．as high as D．as low as 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——汽油的价格并不像去年那样低。——没错！有些人计划购买新能源汽车来替代。 考查形容词辨析。as good as和……一样好；as cheap as和……一样便宜；as high as和……一样高；as low as和……一样低。根据“And some people plan to buy new energy cars instead.”可知，此处表示有些人计划购买新能源汽车来替代，是因为汽油的价格并不像去年那样低。故选D。 11．—Don’t just believe the advertisements on Tictok, the things are _________ it says.           —OK, I see! A．as good as B．not as well as C．not as good as D．as well as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——不要只相信Tictok上的广告，东西并不像它说的那么好。——好的，我明白！ 考查形容词原级。as good as和……一样好，形容词；not as well as不太好，副词；not as good as不太好，形容词；as well as和……一样好，副词。根据“Don’t just believe the advertisements on Tictok,”可知，应表达东西并不像它说的那样好，用否定形式，be动词are后面用形容词。故选C。 12．—Why didn’t you carry an umbrella with you? —Because it ________ when I left my home. A．didn’t rain B．rained C．wasn’t raining D．was raining 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你为什么不带伞？——因为我离开家时没下雨。 考查过去进行时。答语为when引导的一般过去时的时间状语从句，主句描述的是过去某个时间正在发生的动作，故用过去进行时态，它的构成为：主语+was/were+V-ing形式，主语it是第三人称单数形式，be动词应该用was；根据“Why didn’t you carry an umbrella with you”可知，那时候没有下雨，所以用否定形式wasn’t。故选C。 13．—Amy, you didn’t answer my call. What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night? —Sorry. I ________ TV at that time. A．watch B．watched C．was watching D．am watching 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——艾米，你没接我电话。昨晚8点你在做什么？——抱歉，我当时正在看电视。 考查过去进行时。根据“at that time”可知需用过去进行时，故选C。 14．—Sandy, what is your plan for the coming winter holiday? —Pardon? I’m sorry. I ________ about something else. A．think B．thought C．am thinking D．was thinking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——桑迪，你对即将到来的寒假有什么计划？——什么？对不起，我刚才在想别的事情。 考查动词时态。根据“I’m sorry”及“about something else”可知，此处是在解释刚才没有听到对方说话的原因，因为刚才正在想别的事情，所以应该用过去进行时。故选D。 15．—Why didn’t you come to our party yesterday? —Sorry. I ________ a football match on TV from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. and forgot the time. A．watched B．was watching C．am watching D．will watch 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你昨天为什么没来参加我们的聚会？——对不起。我从晚上7点到8点半在看足球比赛，忘记了时间。 考查过去进行时。根据“yesterday”和“from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m”可知，此处表示过去某个时间段正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，结构是was/were doing。故选B。 16．—Did you watch the celebration 25th anniversary of Macao’s return to motherland? —Oh, no! I _________ a report at that time. A．wrote B．was writing C．am writing D．would write 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你看了澳门回归祖国25周年庆祝活动吗？  ——哦，没有！那时我正在写一份报告。 考查过去进行时。根据“Did you”以及“at that time”可知，此处指的是过去某个时间段内一直进行的动作，应用过去进行时，故选B。 17．—Is everything ready for the New Year Party? —I guess not. Henry and Hans ______ the room when I met them this morning. A．decorate B．decorated C．are decorating D．were decorating 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——新年聚会的一切都准备好了吗？——我想不是。今天早上我遇见亨利和汉斯时，他们正在装饰房间。 考查过去进行时。根据“Henry and Hans…the room when I met them this morning.”可知此处是描述亨利和汉斯早上正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”。故选D。 18．—I called you at 7:00 yesterday evening, but nobody answered. —I’m sorry for it. My parents and I ________ in the supermarket. A．am shopping B．are shopping C．was shopping D．were shopping 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我昨晚7点给你打电话，但没有人接。——很抱歉。我和父母在超市购物。 考查时态及主谓一致。根据“I called you at 7:00 yesterday evening, but nobody answered.”可知，此处指过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时；空处所在句的主语表复数，be动词用were。故选D。 19．—Tom, did you notice Jack come in? —No. I ________ a football game at that time. A．watch B．watched C．was watching D．am watching 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你注意到杰克进来了吗？——没有。那时我正在看一场足球比赛。 考查时态。根据“at that time”可知，时态应用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing，表示“杰克进来那一刻，汤姆在看一场足球比赛”；主语为I，应用was。故选C。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。（每空不限填一词） Max Burns, a 19-year-old British man, is very popular on the Internet because of his videos of 1 (make) Chinese food. Max’s parents 2 (work) in China for many years. So Max spent his first 13 years being immersed (沉浸于) in Chinese culture—learning the language and loving the food. When his family moved to Brighton, UK in 2017, Max missed Chinese food very much. He began to order takeaways (外卖食物) from local Chinese restaurants at first. But the meals didn’t taste as 3 (well) as they were in China. They were also 4 (real) expensive. Then Max decided to try to make Chinese 5 (dish) at home. Max found that many of his friends didn’t know much about the real Chinese food, 6 he wanted to do something. Then he made videos of making Chinese food and put 7 online. In his videos, Max shows others how to cook the real Chinese food at home. The videos 8 (help) him win millions of fans all over the world over the years. “When people ask me where I’m from, I find it hard 9 (answer) because I grew up in China and now I’m living in the UK,” he says. “I’m just trying to share Chinese and British culture 10 Chinese and British people, and build a cultural bridge between them.” 【答案】1．making 2．worked 3．good 4．really 5．dishes 6．so 7．them 8．have helped 9．to answer 10．with 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Max Burns喜欢中国食物，在短视频上教人们如何制作中国食物的故事。 1．句意：19岁的英国男子马克斯·伯恩斯 (Max Burns) 因制作中国菜的视频而在网上走红。介词of后接动名词。故填making。 2．句意：马克斯的父母在中国工作多年。根据“When his family moved to Brighton, UK in 2017, Max missed Chinese food very much.”可知在中国工作是过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填worked。 3．句意：但是这些饭菜的味道没有中国的好。taste是感官动词，后接形容词作表语。故填good。 4．句意：它们也很贵。此处用副词修饰形容词。故填really。 5．句意：然后马克斯决定尝试在家里做中国菜。空前无表示数量的词，用复数。故填dishes。 6．句意：马克斯发现他的很多朋友都不太了解真正的中国菜，所以他想做点什么。句子前因后果，用so连接表因果关系的并列句。故填so。 7．句意：然后，他制作了做中国菜的视频，并把它们放到了网上。根据“Then he made videos of making Chinese food”可知是把视频放到网上，动词后用人称代词宾格them指代上文提到过的videos。故填them。 8．句意：多年来，这些视频帮助他在世界各地赢得了数百万粉丝。根据“over the years”可知用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have，其后接过去分词helped。故填have helped。 9．句意：当人们问我来自哪里时，我发现很难回答，因为我在中国长大，现在住在英国。find it adj. to do sth.“发现做某事……”。故填to answer。 10．句意：我只是想与中英两国人民分享中英文化，在两国人民之间架起一座文化桥梁。share sth. with sb.“和某人分享某物”。故填with。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 1．Little Shawn had a fight with his parents and ran away from home, but the further he walked, the he got. Finally, beat him and he decided to go back. (hunger) 【答案】 hungrier hunger 【详解】句意：小肖恩和父母吵架后离家出走了，但他走得越远，就越饿。最后，饥饿感战胜了他，他决定回家。第一空，根据“the further he walked”可知，句子使用了“the +比较级，the +比较级”的固定句型，表示“越……，越……”，因此这里应用hunger的形容词形式hungry的比较级hungrier，在句中作系动词“got”的表语，描述主语“he”的身体状态；第二空，分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，主语通常由名词、代词等充当；从语义角度看，此处需要指代“饥饿”这一抽象的生理感受，作为“beat him”这个动作的发出者；“hunger”本身就是名词，意为“饥饿；饥饿感”，通常作不可数名词，既能够满足“作主语”的语法功能，又能精准传达“是饥饿感让他无法继续坚持，最终决定回家”的语境逻辑，因此这里应用名词hunger。故填hungrier；hunger。 2．Many of the audience look quite . Is the movie ? (bored) 【答案】 bored boring 【详解】句意：许多观众看起来很无聊。这部电影很无聊吗？第一空，根据“audience look quite”可知，此处修饰人“audience”，用bored“感到无聊的”。第二空，根据“Is the movie”可知，此处修饰物“movie”，用boring“无聊的”。故填bored；boring。 3．Recently, I’ve been practicing yoga, which has helped me manage my levels and feel than I used to be. (stress) 【答案】 stress less stressed 【详解】句意：最近我一直在练习瑜伽，这帮助我控制压力水平，并感觉比过去更放松了。第一空需要名词“stress”作定语，修饰“levels”，表示“压力水平”。第二个空位于“feel ... than I used to be”中，这里需要形容词比较级形式。根据句意，瑜伽帮助管理压力，因此应表示“感觉比过去更少压力”，使用“less stressed”。故填stress；less stressed。 4．Kate is looking for some information about online tours. (far) 【答案】further 【详解】句意：凯特正在寻找有关在线旅游的更多信息。根据“information about online trips”和提示词可知，此处指寻找更多的信息。far“远的”，形容词，表示程度上更进一步时，用比较级的further“更多的”。故填further。 5．His wife’s sudden death made him (lonely) and quieter than before. 【答案】lonelier 【详解】句意：他妻子的突然去世使他变得比以前更孤独、更安静。lonely是形容词，表示“孤独的”；根据句中than before可知，此处应用其比较级形式，表示“更孤独”。故填lonelier。 6．Jimmy felt (pride) than anyone else because he was recommended as “the Most Helpful Student” in our school. 【答案】prouder 【详解】句意：吉米比任何人都感到自豪，因为他被推荐为我们学校的“最乐于助人的学生”。根据句中的“than”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式，“pride”的形容词形式是“proud”，其比较级为“prouder”。故填prouder。 7．Air pollution is (harm) to our health. So we should protect our environment. 【答案】harmful 【详解】句意：空气污染对我们健康有害。所以我们应该保护我们的环境。harm为名词，意为“伤害”，其形容词为harmful，表示“有害的”，be harmful to 意为“对……有害”；故填harmful。 8．In Yancheng Nature Reserve, tourists can watch the birds (easy) in the daytime. 【答案】easily 【详解】句意：在盐城自然保护区，游客们在白天可以很容易地观察鸟类。根据“tourists can watch the birds”可知，横线处需填副词修饰动词watch，easy“容易的”，形容词，其副词形式为easily。故填easily。 9．Lily can’t sleep well since the bed in her school dormitory (宿舍) is . She cannot wait to come back home in the winter holiday and have a rest in her own bed. (comfortable) 【答案】 uncomfortable comfortably 【详解】句意：莉莉睡不好，因为她学校宿舍的床不舒服。她迫不及待地想在寒假回家，在自己的床上躺着舒服地休息。根据“Lily can’t sleep well”可知，第一空指的是床不舒服，uncomfortable“不舒服的”，作表语；第二空指莉莉想在寒假里舒适地休息，修饰动词短语“have a rest”，需用副词comfortably“舒服地”。故填uncomfortable；comfortably。 10．With the money, we have sent many children to school. (success) 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意：有了这笔钱，我们成功地送了许多孩子上学。此处修饰动词sent，应用success的副词形式successfully“成功地”。故填successfully。 11．We should speak to the old as as possible, young man. (polite) 【答案】politely 【详解】句意：年轻人，我们应该尽可能礼貌地和老人说话。根据“speak to the old”可知，此处是修饰动词speak，应该用副词形式。“as + 副词原级 + as possible”表示“尽可能……”。故填politely。 12．All the team members were (train) hard when I passed by the room. 【答案】training 【详解】句意：当我经过房间时，所有队员都在努力训练。根据“All the team members were...when I passed by the room.”可知，此处表明训练动作在那一刻正在进行，应用现在分词形式training。故填training。 13．—Why didn’t you open the door for me? —Sorry, I (translate) an email and didn’t hear the knock. 【答案】was translating 【详解】句意：——你为什么不给我开门？——抱歉，我正在翻译一封邮件，没听到敲门声。根据“Why didn’t you open the door for me”和“didn’t hear the knock”可知，“没开门”和“没听到敲门声”的时候，“翻译邮件”这个动作正在进行，所以要用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”；主语I是第一人称单数，be动词用was，translate的现在分词是translating。故填was translating。 14．When I called Lucy last night, she (watch) a movie with her family. 【答案】was watching 【详解】句意：昨晚我给露西打电话时，她正在和家人一起看电影。根据“When I called Lucy last night”以及英语提示可知，此处强调过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语she是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was，watch的现在分词是watching。故填was watching。 15．We (climb) the hill when it began to rain yesterday. 【答案】were climbing 【详解】句意：昨天开始下雨时，我们正在爬山。根据“when it began to rain yesterday.”可知，此处表示过去某一时间正在做某事，时态为过去进行时，其构成为主语+was/were+doing，主语为We，复数，故此处用were，climb的现在分词为climbing。故填were climbing。 16．—Did you see Anne outside the door just now? —Sure. She (ring) someone, so I nodded to her and went away. 【答案】was ringing 【详解】句意：——你刚才在门外看见安妮了吗？ ——当然。她在给别人打电话，所以我向她点了点头就走开了。根据“so I nodded to her and went away.”可知，此处是指“我”向安妮点头时她正在打电话，应用过去进行时，其结构是was/were doing；主语She为第三人称单数，be动词用was；ring“打电话”，动词，其现在分词为ringing。故填was ringing。 17．While we (mop) the floor, the telephone suddenly rang. 【答案】were mopping 【详解】句意：当我们正在拖地的时候，电话突然响了。此句是while引导的时间状语从句。根据“the telephone suddenly rang” 可知主句用一般过去时，所以从句要用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。从句主语we是复数，所以用were，mop的现在分词是mopping，故填were mopping。 18．—I saw Alice in Greenwich Park last Sunday afternoon. —What? But she (practise) playing the volleyball with me that whole afternoon. 【答案】was practising 【详解】句意：——上星期天下午我在Greenwich公园看到了爱丽丝。——什么？但整个下午她都在和我练习打排球。根据答语中的时间状语that whole afternoon判断，是过去段时间，句子要用过去进行时态来表达，其构成为were/was+doing。故填was practising。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） （2024·江苏常州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are many special days in a year, not only in the Western countries 1 in China. Mother’s Day is one of them. It is a special day when people show respect to their mothers. But do you know how it originated (起源)? Mother’s Day that 2 (celebrate) today began with a woman named Anna Jarvis. She wrote 3 (thousand) of letters to the local government and advised that the second Sunday in May should be celebrated 4 Mother’s Day. In 1914, the government of the US 5 (final) agreed. After that, the second Sunday in May became a day to express love for mothers all over the country. On Mother’s Day, children of all 6 (age) give their mothers different gifts. Popular gifts include flowers, jewellery or candy. Children also do nice things so their mother will not have to do any work on this day. Children 7 can’t be with their mother on the holiday send a card with a message of love. They also call their mother on the telephone 8 (wish) her a happy day. Mother’s Day is one of 9 (busy) days of the year for telephone use in the US. Nowadays, more and more people around the world like to celebrate Mother’s day. In China, many people invite their mother to see a film or go 10 (travel). Some family get together and have a big dinner for this day. It makes their life colorful and their life is full of more love. 【答案】1．but 2．is celebrated 3．thousands 4．as 5．finally 6．ages 7．who/that 8．to wish 9．the busiest 10．travelling 【导语】本文介绍了母亲节的起源和活动。 1．句意：一年中有很多特殊的日子，不仅在西方国家，在中国也是如此。根据“not only”可知，考查not only...but (also)...“不仅……而且……”，故填but。 2．句意：今天庆祝的母亲节始于一位名叫Anna Jarvis的女人。根据“Mother’s Day that...today began with a woman named Anna Jarvis.”可知，此处为定语从句，that指代先行词“Mother’s Day”，与“celebrate”是被动关系，根据“today”可知，从句为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为“Mother’s Day”，所以结构为“is+过去分词”；celebrate的过去分词为celebrated。故填is celebrated。 3．句意：她给当地政府写了数千封信，并建议将五月的第二个星期日定为母亲节。根据“of letters”可知，此处考查thousands of“数千的”，故填thousands。 4．句意：她给当地政府写了数千封信，并建议将五月的第二个星期日定为母亲节。根据“the second Sunday in May should be celebrated...Mother’s Day.”可知，此处考查be celebrated as...“作为……被庆祝”，as“作为”符合句意，故填as。 5．句意：1914年，美国政府终于同意了。根据“agreed”可知，此处填副词finally修饰动词，故填finally。 6．句意：在母亲节，各个年龄段的孩子都会给母亲不同的礼物。根据“all”可知，此处填名词复数ages。故填ages。 7．句意：不能在假期与母亲在一起的孩子会寄一张卡片，上面写着爱的信息。根据“Children...can’t be with their mother on the holiday send a card with a message of love.”可知，此处为定语从句，从句缺少主语，且指代先行词“Children”，所以用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。 8．句意：他们还打电话给母亲，祝她有快乐的一天。根据“They also call their mother on the telephone...her a happy day.”可知，此处表示打电话的目的，表目的用动词不定式，故填to wish。 9．句意：母亲节是美国一年中电话使用最繁忙的日子之一。根据“one of”可知，考查one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数“……之一”，busy的最高级为busiest。故填the busiest。 10．句意：在中国，很多人邀请妈妈去看电影或去旅游。根据“go”可知，考查go+动名词“去做某事”，travel的动名词为travelling。故填travelling。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $