专题02 语法知识串讲2（动词不定式、简单句的五种基本句型、祈使句）（期末复习讲义）八年级英语上学期新教材译林版

该初中英语期末复习讲义通过表格系统梳理动词不定式、简单句五种基本句型及祈使句的语法点、常考题型与命题趋势，以知识点模块（如动词不定式作主语、宾语等七种用法）分层讲解，结合例句和结构公式呈现知识脉络，突出重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，从基础通关（单项选择）、重难突破（语篇填空）到链接中考（语法填空），情境化例句（如“保护环境”）培养语言能力与文化意识，易混易错部分的句子结构分析提升思维品质，助力不同层次学生巩固，支持教师精准复习教学。

专题02 语法知识串讲2（动词不定式、简单句的五种基本句型、祈使句）（期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 动词不定式、简单句的五种基本句型、祈使句 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式为：“to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to，这里的to为不定式符号，本身无词义；不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但能保持动词的特点。动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，初中阶段应该掌握的是不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。 知识点01 动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末，这样可使主语不至显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象。动词不定式作主语的基本结构是：It+be+形容词(+for/of sb)+to do sth.. To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy English well. 学好英语不容易。 ▲for sb.句型前常用表示事物的特征、特点、客观形式的形容词。如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等。 1.It’s easy (for me) do that. 我做这事太容易了。 2.It’s difficult for Jim learn Chinese well. 对于吉姆来说学好中文是困难的。 3.It’s important for us protect the environment. 保护环境对于我们来说是重要的。 ▲of sb.句型前常用表示人物的性格、品德、主观感情、态度、赞扬或批评的形容词。如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise, rude, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等。 1.It’s very kind him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 2.It’s very nice you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 动词不定式在句中做主语时，常用于下列句式中。 ① It+be+名词+to do sth. ② It takes sb+some time+to do sth. ③ It seems(appears)+形容词+to do. ④ It+动词+宾语+ to do sth. 1.It’s our duty take good care of the old. 2.It took me half an hour walk there. 我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。 3.It seemed impossible save money. 节约钱似乎是不可能的。 4.It cost a lot of money build this museum. 建造这座博物馆花了许多钱。 【注意】动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。 1.To walk after dinner my hobby. 饭后散步是我的爱好。 2. 2.222.( \8 n9 b) ^) ^# S, }9 _5 ^; YTo be a scientist my dream. 当一名科学家是我的梦想。 3.To see to believe. 百闻不如一见。 4.To sweep the floor my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。 知识点02 动词不定式作宾语 ① 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词，初中阶段常见的有：ask, choose, agree, expect, hope, decide, learn, prefer, pretend, know, wish, want, would like, love, afford, dare, fail, manage, need, plan, promise, refuse, seem等。 1.He can’t afford go abroad. 他负担不起出国的费用。 2.We hope get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 3.They didn’t agree do that. 他们不同意那样做。 4.The girl decided do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。 ② 动词feel, find, make, think等后面接不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ feel/find/make/think+it+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。 1.He found very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 2.I find useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。 3.We thought wrong not to tell her. 我们认为不告诉她是错误的。 知识点03动词不定式作补语 动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态中作宾语补足语，在被动语态中作主语补足语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。 1 英语中许多动词可跟一个“名词（代词）+不定式”构成的复合宾语，这里的动词不定式就作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, allow, permit, advise, expect, suppose, invite, encourage, teach, tell, want, wait for, wish, would like/love等。 1.I’d invite her to have dinner at my house. 2.Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones. 3.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 2 英语中有些动词要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有：四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice等。help后不定式的to可以省略，也可以保留。 1.Can you help me (to) learn English? 2.They were made to work day and night. 3.She was heard to sing in the room. 4.This picture makes me feel tense! 5.Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams. 知识点04 动词不定式作状语 ① 动词不定式作目的状语：在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as 1.He went to Paris learn French. 他去巴黎学法语。 2.I come here only say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 3.A group of young people got together discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚在一群目的是讨论这个问题。 ②动词不定式作原因状语：不定式常跟在表示情感的形容词后，修饰形容词，作原因状语，不定式作原因状语的基本结构是：“sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.”。能用于该结构的形容词有：angry, clever, careful, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, sorry, slow等。 I’m very glad see you again. 我很高兴又见到你。 ③ 动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“too+形容词+to do sth.”结构句中。 The T-shirt is too big for me wear. 这件T恤对于我来说太大了而不能穿。 ④ 动词不定式作程度状语，多见于 “形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.”结构句中。 1.The boy is old enough go to school. 2.Jack ran fast enough catch the bus. 知识点05动词不定式作定语(须后置) ① 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，它与其他修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系。 I can’t think of any good advice to give her. I have nothing to say on this question. He needs time to do homework. Is that a good place to hang out? You want to know the best way to get around the city. ② 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词。但当名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词可以省略。 1.I need a pen to write . 我需要一支笔写字。 2.I have a comfortable house to live . 我有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 3.Tom had no money and no place to live . 汤姆没有钱，也没有地方居住。 知识点06动词不定式作表语 动词不定式往往放在系动词be（become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。 1.My wish is a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。 2.Your job today is the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。 3.Their duty is the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 知识点07（7）动词不定式的特殊结构 ①“疑问词＋不定式”结构：动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个宾语从句，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等，或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 I can’t decide where go. (作宾语) Where go is not decided yet. (作主语) The question is how put it into practice. (作表语) Can you tell me Guilin Middle School? (作宾补) 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。如： What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) // Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?) ②动词不定式的否定形式：“not/never+to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to。 1.My mother let me not it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 2.Zhang Ming asked me not stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 3.His parents tell him never drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。 ③ 动词不定式的省略：在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中，动词不定式符号to常常省略。 1.You’d better get up early. 2.Why not have a picnic in the countryside this Sunday? 3.Will/Would /Could you please not open the window? It’s too cold outside. 4.I would rather stay at home. ④ 有时为了避免重复，在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等，短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其他部分省略。 ---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation. ---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go) ---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come) 简单句的五种基本句型 　　简单句是含有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。简单句有五种基本句型。 1.主语+谓词　(S+V) 　　本结构是由主语加不及物动词构成的,常用来表示主语的动作。 The boy swimming. 那个男孩正在游泳。 The accident yesterday afternoon.事故发生在昨天下午。 2.主语+谓语+宾语　(S+V+O) 　　本结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词(短语),宾语可以是名词或相当于名词的成分。 (1)名词或代词作宾语 Who the answer? 谁知道答案? I it.我喜欢它。 (2)动名词作宾语 You should not up studying.你不应该放弃学习。 (3)不定式作宾语 I hope go to college.我希望上大学。 3.主语+系动词+表语　(S+V+P) 　　本结构主要用来说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。此句型中常见的系动词有:be动词、 感官动词(look、sound、feel、smell、taste)和表示"变,变成"的动词(become、get、grow、turn)。 (1)形容词作表语 Everything different.一切看起来都不同了。 (2)名词作表语 Later he a scientist. 他后来成了一位科学家。 (3)副词、介词短语或反身代词作表语 The lights all on.灯都亮着。 This of importance. 这很重要。 You're not yourself today. 今天你看上去气色不好。 4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语　(S+V+IO+DO) (1)动词give、offer、show、pass、tell、send、sell、lend等后可接双宾语。这些动词构成的双宾语句型可用to(表示动作的方向)来变换,句意不变。 Could you give me the letter? =Could you the letter to me?你能把那封信给我吗? (2)动词make、 buy、 cook、 get等后可接双宾语。这些动词构成的双宾语句型可用for来变换,句意不变。 He bought me a bottle of water. =He a bottle of water for me.他为我买了一瓶水。 5.主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+DO+OC) 　　此结构中的谓语由后面可接宾语补足语(简称宾补)的及物动词充当,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。 (1)名词作宾补 They usually the baby Dick. 他们通常叫那个婴儿迪克。 (2)形容词作宾补 New findings at the Sanxingdui Ruins site us excited. 三星堆遗址的新发现使我们激动。 (3)过去分词、动词-ing、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补(过去分词作宾补,表示宾语和宾补之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系;动词-ing作宾补,表示宾语和宾补之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系)。 I'll never get all this work . 这么多的工作我怎么也干不完。(过去分词作宾补) He left me in the rain. 他让我在雨中等待。(动词-ing作宾补) She saw the boy the kitchen.她看见那个男孩进了厨房。(省略to的动词不定式作宾补) (4)副词、介词短语等作宾补 Please her in.请让她进来。 The police the thief to prison. 警察把这个小偷关进了监狱。 祈使句 　　当我们向他人发出命令、提出要求或建议时,常使用祈使句。祈使句一般省略主语you,以动词原形开头。根据句子开头动词的不同,常把祈使句分为以下几种: Do型 肯定式 行为动词原形+其他. Put up your hand, please. 请举手。 否定式 Don't+行为动词原形+其他. Don't play with fire. 不要玩火。 Be型 肯定式 Be+表语+其他. Be careful next time. 下次小心。 否定式 Don't+be+表语+其他. Don't be late next time.下次不要迟到。 Let型 肯定式 Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他. Let me help you carry the heavy box.让我帮你拿这个重箱子吧。 否定式 Don't+let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他. Don't let him do that.不要让他做那件事。 Let+人称代词宾格+not+动词原形+其他. Let him not go there with his father.让他不要和他父亲去那儿。 无动词 祈使句 This way,please!请这边走! No smoking!禁止抽烟! 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） （1） 1．—Yesterday I finally got myself ________ sorry to my best friend, Amy. —You did the right thing. As the lyrics ________, “Friendship is what we live for.” A．say; say B．to say; say C．say; go D．to say; go 2．Thomas Adams didn’t know ________ to do to help his chewing gum company ________ the economic crisis (危机). A．how; survive B．how; survive in C．what; survive D．what; survive in 3．Martin is the first English teacher in our school ________ in the west, where he was known as a ________ dictionary in local students’ minds. A．volunteering; walking B．to volunteer; walked C．volunteering; walked D．to volunteer; walking 4．—Nile, do you know why some wild birds fly to the south every winter? —________ from the cold weather here. A．Hide B．Hides C．To hide D．Hiding 5．The students were asked ________ some interesting pictures for the sick kids. A．draw B．to draw C．drawing D．to drawing 6．Having failed many times, Tom finally ________ to fix his broken bicycle on his own. Now he feels proud and doesn’t regret ________ so many hours repairing it. A．tried; to spend B．managed; spending C．tried; spending D．managed; to spend 7．— Did you tell your mother ________ you? — Yes, at the school gate. A．when meeting B．when to meet C．where meeting D．where to meet 8．The boy was made ________ the streets without money in the old days. A．clean B．cleaned C．be cleaned D．to clean 9．—Mr. Wu has recommended many books. Have you decided ________ first? —Yes. The Little Prince. A．how to read it B．which to read C．when to read D．where to read 10．—Can you tell me ________ people in the UK when we first meet each other? —Yes. You can say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand. A．how to greet B．where to greet C．what to greet D．when to greet 11．—Excuse me, would you mind me ________ a short break here? —Of course not. Stay as long as you want. A．to take B．take C．took D．taking 12．—What a terrible flood! —Yes. We must try to prevent the flood ________ to our city. A．of coming B．come C．from coming D．to come 13．—Can you teach me how to save water? —Of course. For example, collect rain water or ________ the water to do some cleaning after ________ your face. A．reuse; washing B．reuse; wash C．reusing; wash D．reusing; washing 14．Jim is shy and he always avoids ________ in front of the class. A．speak B．speaking C．speaks D．to speak 15．Mr Brown was too busy ________ for the competition ________ the meeting. A．to prepare; to attend B．to prepare; attend C．preparing; attending D．preparing; to attend 16. 　　　fast to your dreams， for if dreams die， life is like a broken⁃winged bird that can never fly.  A.Hold　　　　 B.To hold　　　　 C.Held　　　　 D.Holding 17.—Cindy， 　　　out the rubbish when you leave. And I’ll do the dishes.  —OK， Dad. A.take　　　　 B.takes　　　　 C.took　　　　 D.to take 18.—Your room is in a terrible mess， Tom. 　　　your books here and there next time.  —OK， 　　　. I’ll put them away in five minutes， Mum.  A.Don’t leave;I won’t　　　　 B.Won’t leave;I will C.Don’t leave;I will　　　　 D.Won’t leave;I won’t （2） 1.The sentence structure of “The food tastes better than I cooked last week.” is　　　.  A.S+V+O　　　 B.S+V C.S+V+DO+OC　　　 D.S+V+P 2.I visited the zoo last Sunday. A.主语　　　　 B.谓语　　　　 C.状语　　　　 D.宾语 3.The food in the restaurant is delicious. A.表语　　　　 B.宾语　　　　 C.主语　　　　 D.谓语 4.The quiet music makes me relax.  A.宾语　　　　 B.状语 C.宾补　　　　 D.定语 5.It is our duty to protect the environment.  A.直接宾语　　　　 B.间接宾语　　　　 C.形式主语　　　　 D.真正主语 6.I bought my mother some flowers on Mother’s Day.  A.直接宾语　　　　B.间接宾语　　　　 C.表语　　　 　D.状语 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）Dolphins are stars in aquariums (水族馆). They bring a lot of joy to people. 1 dolphins are not happy living in aquariums. A study shows that dolphins in aquariums live much shorter than 2 (that) in the sea. They die of 3 (ill) at a very young age. 4 (luck), a company in the USA is there to help these dolphins. It has made robot dolphins. The robot dolphins not only look but also move like real ones. 5 a test, people thought they were real dolphins. “The robot dolphins can swim and dive 6 (they) ,” a worker in the company said. One robot dolphin costs about $ 27 million. Now, an aquarium in China 7 (think) about using them instead of real dolphins. To save the sea animals, the company says it will keep on 8 (make) other different kinds of robot animals, such as sharks and seahorses, in the future. We look forward to 9 (watch) the shows from robot animals. Thanks to the company, more and more sea animals will go back to the nature and live 10 happy life. 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一.在下面每个句子后的横线上写出其所属的句子结构  1.Suddenly,he heard someone shouting “Fire. Fire. Help!”. 　　　　　　　  2.We are all students. 　　　　　　　  3.You look well today. 　　　　　　　  4.The girl in a red dress loves reading very much. 　　　　　　　  5.His words made me unhappy. 　　　　　　  6.That fat boy is running on the playground.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  7.My father bought me a new pen yesterday. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  8.The wind blows. 　　　　　　　  9.He watches TV at home in the evening. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  10.It is very hot now. 　　　　　　　  二．完成句子 1．等公共汽车时插队是不礼貌的。 before others while waiting for the bus. 2．Simon太激动了而没有能清晰的表达自己。 Simon was excited to himself clearly. 3．同情他是没有用的，我们要尽力帮助他! It’s useless to him. We should try our best to give a helping hand. 4．政府建议人们不要在湿地里捕鱼。 The government in the wetlands. 5．春天是放风筝的完美时节。 Spring is . 6．现在有点迟了，让我们立刻上车吧! It’s late now. Let’s the bus right away! 7．这个小镇由许多美丽的岛屿组成，我都不知道选择哪一座岛了。 This town of many beautiful islands. I don’t know which one . 8．在餐桌上，我们不允许在长辈之前先开始用餐。这是一条基本准则。 This is a basic rule that we before the elderly at the dining table. 9．我的家人正逐渐习惯购物时携带布袋而不是塑料袋。 My family cloth bags instead of plastic ones when shopping. 10．你已经放弃玩电脑游戏了吗？ computer games yet? 11.Mr Lee， 　　　　　(not mix) your life and work together.  12.　　　　　(make) sure there are no mistakes in your paper and you can hand it in.  链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） （2024·江苏常州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Adolescence (青春期) is a difficult time for teenagers. It usually takes place when you are aged 1 thirteen and nineteen. 2 your body changes, you also begin to think and feel differently. For example, you used to be happy in the company (陪伴) of your parents. But now you need your own space and privacy (隐私). In the past, your parents made most decisions for you, but now you want to decide things for 3 (you). All these changes are quite natural. But it is important to remember that the relationship with your parents may 4 (affect). So what can you do to make sure that you get on well with your parents? Firstly, your parents will feel much 5 (well) if you let them know that you still love and value them. Remember that they have forever lost the little child you once 6 (be). They may not say so, but they are probably feeling a sense of 7 (lose). Secondly, try to agree with your family rules. You may feel these are unnecessary, but your 8 (parent) main purpose is just to keep you safe. Once you have agreed with the rules, try to obey them. Maybe you are not willing 9 (let) them know where you are, but make the effort anyway. Finally, it’s all about communication! Keep talking to your parents, tell them about what you did today, let them know where you are going, and ask for advice if you need it. The more connected they feel, the more trustful they 10 (become). 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法知识串讲2（动词不定式、简单句的五种基本句型、祈使句）（期末复习讲义） 语法点 常考题型 命题趋势 动词不定式、简单句的五种基本句型、祈使句 单项选择 语法选择 语法填空等 1.注重素养：更加注重对学生英语核心素养的考查。 2.情境化突出：借助生活、学校、社会等多种情境，将语法考察与实际生活相结合。 3.文化传承与价值导向明显：注重选取具有文化内涵和思想价值的语篇。 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式为：“to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to，这里的to为不定式符号，本身无词义；不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但能保持动词的特点。动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，初中阶段应该掌握的是不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。 知识点01 动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末，这样可使主语不至显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象。动词不定式作主语的基本结构是：It+be+形容词(+for/of sb)+to do sth.. To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。 ▲for sb.句型前常用表示事物的特征、特点、客观形式的形容词。如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等。 1.It’s easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。 2.It’s difficult for Jim to learn Chinese well. 对于吉姆来说学好中文是困难的。 3.It’s important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对于我们来说是重要的。 ▲of sb.句型前常用表示人物的性格、品德、主观感情、态度、赞扬或批评的形容词。如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise, rude, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等。 1.It’s very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 2.It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 动词不定式在句中做主语时，常用于下列句式中。 ① It+be+名词+to do sth. ② It takes sb+some time+to do sth. ③ It seems(appears)+形容词+to do. ④ It+动词+宾语+ to do sth. 1.It’s our duty to take good care of the old. 2.It took me half an hour to walk there. 我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。 3.It seemed impossible to save money. 节约钱似乎是不可能的。 4.It cost a lot of money to build this museum. 建造这座博物馆花了许多钱。 【注意】动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。 1.To walk after dinner is my hobby. 饭后散步是我的爱好。 2.( \8 n9 b) ^) ^# S, }9 _5 ^; YTo be a scientist is my dream. 当一名科学家是我的梦想。 3.To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 4.To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。 知识点02 动词不定式作宾语 ① 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词，初中阶段常见的有：ask, choose, agree, expect, hope, decide, learn, prefer, pretend, know, wish, want, would like, love, afford, dare, fail, manage, need, plan, promise, refuse, seem等。 1.He can’t afford to go abroad. 他负担不起出国的费用。 2.We hope to get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 3.They didn’t agree to do that. 他们不同意那样做。 4.The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。 ② 动词feel, find, make, think等后面接不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ feel/find/make/think+it+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。 1.He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 2.I find it useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。 3.We thought it wrong not to tell her. 我们认为不告诉她是错误的。 知识点03动词不定式作补语 动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态中作宾语补足语，在被动语态中作主语补足语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。 1 英语中许多动词可跟一个“名词（代词）+不定式”构成的复合宾语，这里的动词不定式就作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, allow, permit, advise, expect, suppose, invite, encourage, teach, tell, want, wait for, wish, would like/love等。 1.I’d invite her to have dinner at my house. 2.Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones. 3.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 2 英语中有些动词要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有：四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice等。help后不定式的to可以省略，也可以保留。 1.Can you help me (to) learn English? 2.They were made to work day and night. 3.She was heard to sing in the room. 4.This picture makes me feel tense! 5.Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams. 知识点04 动词不定式作状语 ① 动词不定式作目的状语：在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as 1.He went to Paris to learn French. 他去巴黎学法语。 2.I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 3.A group of young people got together (in order/so as) to discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚在一群目的是讨论这个问题。 ②动词不定式作原因状语：不定式常跟在表示情感的形容词后，修饰形容词，作原因状语，不定式作原因状语的基本结构是：“sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.”。能用于该结构的形容词有：angry, clever, careful, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, sorry, slow等。 I’m very glad to see you again. 我很高兴又见到你。 ③ 动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“too+形容词+to do sth.”结构句中。 The T-shirt is too big for me to wear. 这件T恤对于我来说太大了而不能穿。 ④ 动词不定式作程度状语，多见于 “形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.”结构句中。 1.The boy is old enough to go to school. 2.Jack ran fast enough to catch the bus. 知识点05动词不定式作定语(须后置) ① 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，它与其他修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系。 I can’t think of any good advice to give her. I have nothing to say on this question. He needs time to do homework. Is that a good place to hang out? You want to know the best way to get around the city. ② 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词。但当名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词可以省略。 1.I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字。 2.I have a comfortable house to live in. 我有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 3.Tom had no money and no place to live (in). 汤姆没有钱，也没有地方居住。 知识点06动词不定式作表语 动词不定式往往放在系动词be（become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。 1.My wish is to become a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。 2.Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。 3.Their duty is to look after the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 知识点07（7）动词不定式的特殊结构 ①“疑问词＋不定式”结构：动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个宾语从句，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等，或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 I can’t decide where to go. (作宾语) Where to go is not decided yet. (作主语) The question is how to put it into practice. (作表语) Can you tell me how to get to Guilin Middle School? (作宾补) 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。如： What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) // Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?) ②动词不定式的否定形式：“not/never+to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to。 1.My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 2.Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 3.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。 ③ 动词不定式的省略：在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中，动词不定式符号to常常省略。 1.You’d better get up early. 2.Why not have a picnic in the countryside this Sunday? 3.Will/Would /Could you please not open the window? It’s too cold outside. 4.I would rather stay at home. ④ 有时为了避免重复，在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等，短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其他部分省略。 ---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation. ---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go) ---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come) 简单句的五种基本句型 　　简单句是含有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。简单句有五种基本句型。 1.主语+谓词　(S+V) 　　本结构是由主语加不及物动词构成的,常用来表示主语的动作。 The boy is swimming. 那个男孩正在游泳。 The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故发生在昨天下午。 2.主语+谓语+宾语　(S+V+O) 　　本结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词(短语),宾语可以是名词或相当于名词的成分。 (1)名词或代词作宾语 Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案? I like it.我喜欢它。 (2)动名词作宾语 You should not give up studying.你不应该放弃学习。 (3)不定式作宾语 I hope to go to college.我希望上大学。 3.主语+系动词+表语　(S+V+P) 　　本结构主要用来说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。此句型中常见的系动词有:be动词、 感官动词(look、sound、feel、smell、taste)和表示"变,变成"的动词(become、get、grow、turn)。 (1)形容词作表语 Everything looks different.一切看起来都不同了。 (2)名词作表语 Later he became a scientist. 他后来成了一位科学家。 (3)副词、介词短语或反身代词作表语 The lights were all on.灯都亮着。 This is of importance. 这很重要。 You're not looking yourself today. 今天你看上去气色不好。 4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语　(S+V+IO+DO) (1)动词give、offer、show、pass、tell、send、sell、lend等后可接双宾语。这些动词构成的双宾语句型可用to(表示动作的方向)来变换,句意不变。 Could you give me the letter? =Could you give the letter to me?你能把那封信给我吗? (2)动词make、 buy、 cook、 get等后可接双宾语。这些动词构成的双宾语句型可用for来变换,句意不变。 He bought me a bottle of water. =He bought a bottle of water for me.他为我买了一瓶水。 5.主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+DO+OC) 　　此结构中的谓语由后面可接宾语补足语(简称宾补)的及物动词充当,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。 (1)名词作宾补 They usually call the baby Dick. 他们通常叫那个婴儿迪克。 (2)形容词作宾补 New findings at the Sanxingdui Ruins site made us excited. 三星堆遗址的新发现使我们激动。 (3)过去分词、动词-ing、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补(过去分词作宾补,表示宾语和宾补之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系;动词-ing作宾补,表示宾语和宾补之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系)。 I'll never get all this work finished. 这么多的工作我怎么也干不完。(过去分词作宾补) He left me waiting in the rain. 他让我在雨中等待。(动词-ing作宾补) She saw the boy enter the kitchen.她看见那个男孩进了厨房。(省略to的动词不定式作宾补) (4)副词、介词短语等作宾补 Please ask her in.请让她进来。 The police put the thief to prison. 警察把这个小偷关进了监狱。 祈使句 　　当我们向他人发出命令、提出要求或建议时,常使用祈使句。祈使句一般省略主语you,以动词原形开头。根据句子开头动词的不同,常把祈使句分为以下几种: Do型 肯定式 行为动词原形+其他. Put up your hand, please. 请举手。 否定式 Don't+行为动词原形+其他. Don't play with fire. 不要玩火。 Be型 肯定式 Be+表语+其他. Be careful next time. 下次小心。 否定式 Don't+be+表语+其他. Don't be late next time.下次不要迟到。 Let型 肯定式 Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他. Let me help you carry the heavy box.让我帮你拿这个重箱子吧。 否定式 Don't+let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他. Don't let him do that.不要让他做那件事。 Let+人称代词宾格+not+动词原形+其他. Let him not go there with his father.让他不要和他父亲去那儿。 无动词 祈使句 This way,please!请这边走! No smoking!禁止抽烟! 基础通关（测试时间：10分钟） （1） 1．—Yesterday I finally got myself ________ sorry to my best friend, Amy. —You did the right thing. As the lyrics ________, “Friendship is what we live for.” A．say; say B．to say; say C．say; go D．to say; go 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——昨天我终于向我的好朋友Amy道歉了。 ——你做得对。就像歌词里唱的：“友谊是我们生活的意义”。 考查动词不定式。 根据“Yesterday I finally got myself...sorry to my best friend”可知，考查固定短语“get oneself to do sth.”说服自己去做某事/使自己做某事，此处不定式充当宾语补足语。第二个空后是一句歌词，引用歌词或谚语等内容时，常用“go”表示，“As the lyrics go”表示“正如歌词所说”。故选D。 2．Thomas Adams didn’t know ________ to do to help his chewing gum company ________ the economic crisis (危机). A．how; survive B．how; survive in C．what; survive D．what; survive in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：托马斯・亚当斯不知道做什么来帮助他的口香糖公司度过经济危机。 考查疑问词和动词辨析。how如何；survive幸存，度过；survive in生存；what什么。根据“to help his chewing gum company”可知，第一空表示做什么来帮助公司，需用what to do表示；根据“economic crisis (危机).”可知，第二空表示度过危机。故选C。 3．Martin is the first English teacher in our school ________ in the west, where he was known as a ________ dictionary in local students’ minds. A．volunteering; walking B．to volunteer; walked C．volunteering; walked D．to volunteer; walking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：马丁是我们学校第一位去西部支教的英语老师，在那里他被当地学生称为“活字典”。 考查非谓语动词和形容词用法。第一个空考查非谓语动词作后置定语。the first…to do sth是固定搭配，表示“第一个做某事的人”，因此用to volunteer。第二个空考查形容词作定语。walking dictionary是固定表达，意为“活字典”，表示“知识渊博的人”，因此用walking。故选D。 4．—Nile, do you know why some wild birds fly to the south every winter? —________ from the cold weather here. A．Hide B．Hides C．To hide D．Hiding 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——奈尔，你知道为什么一些野生鸟每年冬天飞到南方吗？——为了躲避这里寒冷的天气。 考查动词不定式表目的。在英语中，当回答“why”的问题时，常用“to + 动词原形”来表示目的或原因，意思是“为了……”。故选C。 5．The students were asked ________ some interesting pictures for the sick kids. A．draw B．to draw C．drawing D．to drawing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生们被要求为生病的孩子们画一些有趣的画。 考查非谓语动词。根据短语be asked to do sth.“被要求做某事”可知，空处应选动词不定式to draw。故选B。 6．Having failed many times, Tom finally ________ to fix his broken bicycle on his own. Now he feels proud and doesn’t regret ________ so many hours repairing it. A．tried; to spend B．managed; spending C．tried; spending D．managed; to spend 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆失败了很多次后，最终成功地自己修好了他那辆坏了的自行车。现在他感到很自豪，并且不后悔花了那么多时间修理它。   考查动词短语和非谓语动词。tried尝试，过去式或过去分词；managed设法做到，过去式或过去分词；to spend不定式；spending动名词或现在分词。“try to do sth.”意思是“努力做某事（结果不一定成功）”，“manage to do sth.”意思是“设法做成某事（强调成功做到）”，根据“Having failed many times”以及“finally”可知，汤姆最终成功修好了自行车，所以第一空用“managed”；第二个空，“regret to do sth.”意思是“遗憾要去做某事（事情还未做）”，“regret doing sth.”意思是“后悔做了某事（事情已经做了）”，这里说汤姆不后悔已经花了很多时间修理自行车，事情已经做了，所以用“spending”。故选B。 7．— Did you tell your mother ________ you? — Yes, at the school gate. A．when meeting B．when to meet C．where meeting D．where to meet 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你告诉你妈妈在哪里见你了吗？——是的，在学校门口。 考查非谓语动词和疑问词辨析。when meeting当见面时；when to meet什么时候见面；where meeting在哪里见面；where to meet在哪里见面。根据答语“at the school gate”可知，此处是询问见面的地点，所以用where，且空格处是“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。故选D。 8．The boy was made ________ the streets without money in the old days. A．clean B．cleaned C．be cleaned D．to clean 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去，那个男孩被迫无偿打扫街道。 考查动词不定式作宾补。在主动语态中，使役动词make后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，即“make sb. do sth.”结构，表示“使某人做某事”；但在被动语态中，原来省略的to要还原，即变为“be made to do sth.”结构。原句中“The boy was made...”是被动语态结构，意思是“这个男孩被使得……”，所以此处要用“to clean”。故选D。 9．—Mr. Wu has recommended many books. Have you decided ________ first? —Yes. The Little Prince. A．how to read it B．which to read C．when to read D．where to read 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——吴老师推荐了很多书。你决定先读哪一本了吗？——是的，《小王子》。 考查疑问词和动词不定式用法。how to read it如何阅读它；which to read读哪一本；when to read什么时候读；where to read在哪里读。根据“The Little Prince”可知，此处是询问选择哪本书来读。故选B。 10．—Can you tell me ________ people in the UK when we first meet each other? —Yes. You can say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand. A．how to greet B．where to greet C．what to greet D．when to greet 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我在英国初次见面时如何问候别人吗？——可以。你可以说“你好”或“很高兴见到你”，然后握手。 考查特殊疑问词加不定式。how to greet怎样问候；where to greet在哪里问候；what to greet问候什么；when to greet什么时候问候。根据回答“say ‘hello’ or ‘nice to meet you’ and shake your hand”可知，描述了问候的具体方式，因此空白处表示“如何问候”。故选A。 11．—Excuse me, would you mind me ________ a short break here? —Of course not. Stay as long as you want. A．to take B．take C．took D．taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你介意我在这里短暂休息一下吗？——当然不介意。你想待多久就待多久。   考查非谓语动词。mind sb./one’s doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“介意某人做某事”，所以这里要用动词-ing形式。故选D。 12．—What a terrible flood! —Yes. We must try to prevent the flood ________ to our city. A．of coming B．come C．from coming D．to come 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——多么严重的一场洪水啊！——是的。我们必须努力防止洪水涌向我们的城市。 考查非谓语动词。prevent…from doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“阻止……做某事”，在这里表示阻止洪水涌向城市。故选C。 13．—Can you teach me how to save water? —Of course. For example, collect rain water or ________ the water to do some cleaning after ________ your face. A．reuse; washing B．reuse; wash C．reusing; wash D．reusing; washing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能教我怎么节约用水吗？——当然可以。例如，收集雨水或在洗脸后重复使用水来做一些清洁。 考查动词。reuse重复使用；wash洗。由“collect rain water or…the water”可知，此处是祈使句，第一空作谓语，用动词原形；after doing sth.表示“做某事之后”。故选A。 14．Jim is shy and he always avoids ________ in front of the class. A．speak B．speaking C．speaks D．to speak 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Jim很害羞，他总是避免在全班同学面前说话。 考查动名词用法。avoid doing sth表示“避免做某事”，所以此处使用speak的动名词作宾语。故选B。 15．Mr Brown was too busy ________ for the competition ________ the meeting. A．to prepare; to attend B．to prepare; attend C．preparing; attending D．preparing; to attend 【答案】D 【详解】句意：布朗先生忙于准备竞赛而不能参加会议。 考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth.忙于做某事，故第一空用动名词；too...to太……不能……，第二空用动词不定式。故选D。 16. 　　　fast to your dreams， for if dreams die， life is like a broken⁃winged bird that can never fly.  A.Hold　　　　 B.To hold　　　　 C.Held　　　　 D.Holding 答案　A　考查祈使句。此处用祈使句表达建议，祈使句以动词原形开头。故选A。 17.—Cindy， 　　　out the rubbish when you leave. And I’ll do the dishes.  —OK， Dad. A.take　　　　 B.takes　　　　 C.took　　　　 D.to take 答案　A　考查祈使句。此处为祈使句，应以动词原形开头。故选A。 18.—Your room is in a terrible mess， Tom. 　　　your books here and there next time.  —OK， 　　　. I’ll put them away in five minutes， Mum.  A.Don’t leave;I won’t　　　　 B.Won’t leave;I will C.Don’t leave;I will　　　　 D.Won’t leave;I won’t 答案　A　考查祈使句及其应答语。第一空后虽然有表示将来时间的next time，但这是妈妈向汤姆发出的命令、要求，是祈使句，所以用Don’t+动词原形。排除B、D。肯定祈使句的应答语为I will;否定祈使句的应答语为I won’t。故选A。 （2） 1.The sentence structure of “The food tastes better than I cooked last week.” is　　　.  A.S+V+O　　　 B.S+V C.S+V+DO+OC　　　 D.S+V+P 2.I visited the zoo last Sunday. A.主语　　　　 B.谓语　　　　 C.状语　　　　 D.宾语 3.The food in the restaurant is delicious. A.表语　　　　 B.宾语　　　　 C.主语　　　　 D.谓语 4.The quiet music makes me relax.  A.宾语　　　　 B.状语 C.宾补　　　　 D.定语 5.It is our duty to protect the environment.  A.直接宾语　　　　 B.间接宾语　　　　 C.形式主语　　　　 D.真正主语 6.I bought my mother some flowers on Mother’s Day.  A.直接宾语　　　　B.间接宾语　　　　 C.表语　　　 　D.状语 1.D　The food 是主语, tastes是表感官的系动词,系动词后面跟表语,故题中句子结构为 “主系表”:S+V+P,故选D。 2.B　分析句子结构可知,画线部分动词visited在句中作谓语,故选B。 3.A　分析句子结构可知,画线部分形容词位于is后作表语,故选A。 4.C　分析句子结构可知,动词makes在句中作谓语,me为宾语,而画线词relax补充说明宾语的动作,为宾语补足语,故选C。 5.D　分析句子结构可知,It为形式主语,而真正的主语为画线部分,故选D。 6.B　动词buy后可接双宾语,buy sb. sth. 结构中,sb.为间接宾语,sth.为直接宾语,画线部分为my mother,为间接宾语,故选B。 重难突破（测试时间：10分钟） （23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）Dolphins are stars in aquariums (水族馆). They bring a lot of joy to people. 1 dolphins are not happy living in aquariums. A study shows that dolphins in aquariums live much shorter than 2 (that) in the sea. They die of 3 (ill) at a very young age. 4 (luck), a company in the USA is there to help these dolphins. It has made robot dolphins. The robot dolphins not only look but also move like real ones. 5 a test, people thought they were real dolphins. “The robot dolphins can swim and dive 6 (they) ,” a worker in the company said. One robot dolphin costs about $ 27 million. Now, an aquarium in China 7 (think) about using them instead of real dolphins. To save the sea animals, the company says it will keep on 8 (make) other different kinds of robot animals, such as sharks and seahorses, in the future. We look forward to 9 (watch) the shows from robot animals. Thanks to the company, more and more sea animals will go back to the nature and live 10 happy life. 【答案】1．But 2．those 3．illness/illnesses 4．Luckily 5．During/In 6．themselves 7．is thinking 8．making 9．watching 10．a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国的一家公司制造机器海豚代替真海豚进行表演，以此来保护动物。 1．句意：它们给人们带来了很多快乐，但是海豚住在水族馆里并不快乐。根据“They bring a lot of joy to people.”以及“dolphins are not happy living in aquariums”可知，前后句意相反，空格处需要表转折的连词but，but位于句首，首字母大写。故填But。 2．句意：一项研究表明，水族馆里的海豚比海里的海豚寿命短得多。根据单词提示可知此处指“那些生长在海洋的海豚”，用those指代那些海豚。故填those。 3．句意：他们在很小的时候就死于疾病。根据空格可知，此处缺少名词，结合提示可知用ill的名词illness。故填illness/illnesses。 4．句意：幸运的是，美国的一家公司会在那里帮助这些海豚。根据空格可知，此处此处用副词作状语，故填lucky的副词形式，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Luckily。 5．句意：在一次测试中，人们认为它们是真正的海豚。根据“people thought they were real dolphins.”可知，在这次测试中，此处表达“在一次测验中”用介词during或者in，介词位于句首，首字母大写。故填During/in。 6．句意：“机器人海豚自己可以游泳和潜水，”该公司的一名员工说。根据提示单词以及题干可知，空格处应用反身代词themselves作宾语，指代主语The robot dolphins。故填themselves。 7．句意：现在，中国的一个水族馆正在考虑用它们来代替真正的海豚。根据句意可知表示正在发生的事情，是现在进行时，其构成为am/ is/ are doing，主语是“an aquarium”，故用is doing。故填is thinking。 8．句意：为了拯救海洋动物，该公司表示，它在未来将继续生产其他不同种类的机器人动物，如鲨鱼和海马。keep on doing sth译为“继续做某事”，因此空格处应填入动词make的动名词形式。故填making。 9．句意：我们期待着观看机器人动物的节目。look forward to doing sth译为“期望做某事”，因此空格处应填入动词watch的动名词形式。故填watching。 10．句意：多亏了这个公司，越来越多的海洋动物将回到大自然，过上幸福的生活。根据题干，live a …life固定短语，译为“过……生活”。故填a。 易混易错（测试时间：10分钟） 一.在下面每个句子后的横线上写出其所属的句子结构  1.Suddenly,he heard someone shouting “Fire. Fire. Help!”. 　　　　　　　  2.We are all students. 　　　　　　　  3.You look well today. 　　　　　　　  4.The girl in a red dress loves reading very much. 　　　　　　　  5.His words made me unhappy. 　　　　　　  6.That fat boy is running on the playground.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  7.My father bought me a new pen yesterday. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  8.The wind blows. 　　　　　　　  9.He watches TV at home in the evening. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  10.It is very hot now. 　　　　　　　  1.S+V+DO+OC　2.S+V+P　3.S+V+P　4.S+V+O　5.S+V+DO+OC　6.S+V　7.S+V+IO+DO 8.S+V　 9.S+V+O　10.S+V+P 二．完成句子 1．等公共汽车时插队是不礼貌的。 before others while waiting for the bus. 【答案】It is impolite to push in/It is impolite to cut in 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“插队是不礼貌的”，此处为It is+adj.+to do sth.句型，表示“做某事怎么样”。impolite“不礼貌的”；push in或cut in“插队”。故填It is impolite to push in/ It is impolite to cut in。 2．Simon太激动了而没有能清晰的表达自己。 Simon was excited to himself clearly. 【答案】 too express 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处使用“too...to...”结构，表示“太……而不能……”，第一个空填too，第二个空填express“表达”，不定式符号to后用动词原形。故填too；express。 3．同情他是没有用的，我们要尽力帮助他! It’s useless to him. We should try our best to give a helping hand. 【答案】have pity on 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“同情”的英文have pity on，固定短语。空前to是动词不定式符号，故空处需动词原形。故填have pity on。 4．政府建议人们不要在湿地里捕鱼。 The government in the wetlands. 【答案】advises people not to (catch) fish 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“建议人们不要……捕鱼”；根据英文题干和汉语提示可知，此处考查advise sb. not to do sth.“建议某人不要做某事”，固定搭配；句子陈述现在的情况，时态应用一般现在时，且主语为“The government”，谓语动词应用三单形式advises；people“人们”，名词；catch fish“捕鱼”，动词短语；或者fish“捕鱼”，动词。故填advises people not to (catch) fish。 5．春天是放风筝的完美时节。 Spring is . 【答案】the perfect season to fly kites 【详解】the perfect season意为“完美时节”；非谓语to do可作后置定语，the perfect season to do意为“做某事的完美时节”；fly kites意为“放风筝”。故填the perfect season to fly kites。 6．现在有点迟了，让我们立刻上车吧! It’s late now. Let’s the bus right away! 【答案】 a little get on 【详解】有点：a little，修饰形容词late；上车：get on，let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。故填a little；get on。 7．这个小镇由许多美丽的岛屿组成，我都不知道选择哪一座岛了。 This town of many beautiful islands. I don’t know which one . 【答案】 is made up to choose 【详解】根据汉语提示及“This town…of many beautiful islands. I don’t know which one…”可知，第一个空指的是小镇由很多美丽的岛屿组成，be made up of“由……组成”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，助动词应为is，因此第一空应为is made up；第二空意为“选择”，其英文表达为choose，结合空前which one可知，此处应用动词不定式，应为to choose。故填is made up；to choose。 8．在餐桌上，我们不允许在长辈之前先开始用餐。这是一条基本准则。 This is a basic rule that we before the elderly at the dining table. 【答案】aren’t allowed to start eating 【详解】对照中英文可知缺少“不允许开始用餐”，“某人不允许做某事”是被动结构be not allowed to do sth.，主语是we，be动词是are，“开始用餐”start eating。故填aren’t allowed to start eating。 9．我的家人正逐渐习惯购物时携带布袋而不是塑料袋。 My family cloth bags instead of plastic ones when shopping. 【答案】are getting used to carrying/are getting used to taking/are becoming used to carrying/are becoming used to taking 【详解】对照中英文可知，缺少“正逐渐习惯”和“携带”。根据“正”可知，此句时态为现在进行时，结构为am/is/are doing。主语为“My family”，指家人，be动词用are；“逐渐习惯于做某事”即“变得习惯于做某事”用get used to doing sth或become used to doing sth，get的现在分词为getting，become的现在分词为becoming；“携带”用动词carry或take，动名词分别carrying和taking。故填are getting used to carrying/are getting used to taking/are becoming used to carrying/are becoming used to taking。 10．你已经放弃玩电脑游戏了吗？ computer games yet? 【答案】Have you given up playing 【详解】you“你”，主格作主语；give up doing sth.“放弃做某事”；play computer games“玩电脑游戏”。结合“yet”和语境可知，此句是现在完成时，主语为you，谓语结构用have done，give的过去分词为given；把助动词have提到主语前构成疑问句。故填Have you given up playing。 11.Mr Lee， 　　　　　(not mix) your life and work together.  答案　don’t mix　句意:李先生，不要把你的生活和工作混在一起。此句是否定的祈使句，其构成是“don’t+动词原形+其他成分”，故填don’t mix。 12.　　　　　(make) sure there are no mistakes in your paper and you can hand it in.  答案　Make　考查祈使句。祈使句以动词原形开头，make sure“确保”。故填Make。 链接中考（测试时间：15分钟） （2024·江苏常州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Adolescence (青春期) is a difficult time for teenagers. It usually takes place when you are aged 1 thirteen and nineteen. 2 your body changes, you also begin to think and feel differently. For example, you used to be happy in the company (陪伴) of your parents. But now you need your own space and privacy (隐私). In the past, your parents made most decisions for you, but now you want to decide things for 3 (you). All these changes are quite natural. But it is important to remember that the relationship with your parents may 4 (affect). So what can you do to make sure that you get on well with your parents? Firstly, your parents will feel much 5 (well) if you let them know that you still love and value them. Remember that they have forever lost the little child you once 6 (be). They may not say so, but they are probably feeling a sense of 7 (lose). Secondly, try to agree with your family rules. You may feel these are unnecessary, but your 8 (parent) main purpose is just to keep you safe. Once you have agreed with the rules, try to obey them. Maybe you are not willing 9 (let) them know where you are, but make the effort anyway. Finally, it’s all about communication! Keep talking to your parents, tell them about what you did today, let them know where you are going, and ask for advice if you need it. The more connected they feel, the more trustful they 10 (become). 【答案】1．between 2．As 3．yourself 4．be affected 5．better 6．were 7．loss 8．parents’ 9．to let 10．will become 【导语】本文主要讲了青春期的青少年经历的改变及应如何处理和父母的关系。 1．句意：它通常发生在你13岁到19岁之间的时候。此处是between...and...“在……和……之间”。故填between。 2．句意：随着身体的变化，你也开始有不同的思考和感受。根据“your body changes”可知是随着身体的变化，as“随着”。故填As。 3．句意：但现在你想自己决定。根据“you want to decide things for”可知是想自己做决定，用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。 4．句意：但重要的是要记住，与父母的关系可能会受到影响。主语the relationship with your parents和谓语affect之间是被动关系，此处用含有情态动词的被动语态may be done。故填be affected。 5．句意：首先，如果你让父母知道你仍然爱和重视他们，他们会感觉好多了。much后加比较级。故填better。 6．句意：记住，他们已经永远失去了曾经的小孩。根据“once”可知句子用一般过去时，主语是you，be动词用were。故填were。 7．句意：他们可能不会这么说，但他们可能感到失落。a sense of loss“失落感”。故填loss。 8．句意：你可能觉得这些没有必要，但你父母的主要目的只是为了保护你的安全。此处修饰名词用名词复数的所有格parents’“父母的”。故填parents’。 9．句意：也许你不愿意让他们知道你在哪里，但无论如何都要努力。be willing to do sth.“愿意做某事”。故填to let。 10．句意：他们觉得联系越紧密，就越值得信任。根据“The more connected they feel, the more trustful they”可知联系越紧密，就越值得信任，故句子用一般将来时。故填will become。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $