定语从句系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（译林版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） Chapter1定语从句系统复习 考频分析 定语从句是高中英语句法的重要模块，考频占句法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，间接影响答题效率）。在 语境理解类题目中，定语从句的关系代词、关系副词选择及限制性与非限制性定语从句的区分往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 高中英语对定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·关系代词与关系副词：that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why的指代对象与句法功能 辨析； ·限制性与非限制性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及翻译要点； ·特殊用法：”介词+关系代词”结构、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别、先行词为way/time/place 时的关系词选择。 精讲精练 知识点一：定语从句的构成及基础用法 ·定义及结构（修饰名词代词，由关系词引导） 一基本结构：先行词+关系词+从句（关系词在从句中作成分） -例句：口This is the book which I bought yesterday..(先行词the book,关系代词hich作宾语)☐ The girl who is standing there is my sister.(先行词the girl,,关系代词who作主语) ·关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语宾语定语） -指人：who(主/宾)、whom(宾)、whose(定)→例句：The teacher whom you met yesterday is very kind.(whom作宾语，指人) -指物：which(主/宾)、that(主/宾，可指人/物)→例句：This is the house that was built in1990. (that作主语，指物) -指人物的所属关系：whose→例句：I know the boy whose father is a doctor.(whose作定语，指” 男孩的”) ·关系副词（指代先行词，在从句中作状语） -表时间：when(=介词+which)→例句：I still remember the day when we first met.(when作时间 状语，先行词the day) -表地点：here(=介词+which)→例句：This is the school where I studied.(where作地点状语， 先行词the school) -表原因：why(=for which,限先行词为reason)→例句：Tell me the reason why you were late.(why 作原因状语，先行词the reason) ·限制性与非限制性定语从句（语法功能差异） -限制性：不可省略，无逗号隔开→例句：Students who work hard will succeed.(限定"努力的学生"， 缺一不可) -非限制性：补充说明，有逗号隔开，不可用that→例句：My brother,.ho is a teacher,lives in Beijing. (补充说明哥哥职业，去掉不影响主句) 【即学即练】 1.【关系代词选择】The girl_is sitting by the window is my sister. A.which B.who C.where D.whose 2.【关系副词选择】This is the park_we had a picnic last Sunday. A.that B.which C.where D.why 3.【限制性与非限制性区分】判断句子类型：My mother,who is a nurse,works in a hospital. A.限制性定语从句 B.非限制性定语从句 C.同位语从句 D.状语从句 4.【关系词功能】在句子"The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.”中，that作。 A.主语 B.宾语 C.定语 D.状语 5.【所属关系】写出句子空缺处的关系词：I know the boy_father is a policeman 语法复习|英语」译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 知识点二：定语从句的特殊用法及易错点 ·关系代词that的特殊用法（只能用that的情况） 1.先行词是不定代词时(all,everything,nothing,.something,anything,little,much等) -例句：Everything that we saw in the museum was interesting.(先行词everything,用that作宾 语)》 2.先行词被序数词、最高级或the only,the very,the same修饰时 -例句：This is the first book that I bought in the bookstore.(先行词被firt修饰，用that作宾语) 3.先行词既指人又指物时 -例句：We talked about the teachers and schools that we visited last week.(先行词teachers and schools,用that作宾语) ·关系代词which的特殊用法（只能用which的情况） 1.引导非限制性定语从句时（指代整个主句内容） -例句：He passed the exam,which made his parents very happy.(which指代主句”通过考试”这 件事，作主语) 2.介词后指物时（介词+which结构） -例句：This is the house in which I lived ten years ago.(介词in后用which,指代house) ·关系代词as的用法（固定搭配及比较状语） 1.用于the same.as,such.as等固定结构中（指同类事物） -例句：She bought the same dress as I had.(the same.as结构，as指代dress,作宾语) 2.引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句（意为”正如”） -例句：As we know,English is widely used in the world.(as指代主句内容，置于句首) ·”介词+关系代词”结构（从句中介词提前的规则） 1.介词的选择依据（动词搭配、先行词性质） -例句：The boy with whom I played tennis yesterday is my cousin.(play with为固定搭配，介词 with提前) 2.常用介词+关系代词的搭配(in which,on which,for which,about which等) -例句：This is the topic about which we had a discussion last week.(about which指代”关于这个 话题”) ·定语从句与同位语从句的☒别（语法功能及引导词） 1.定语从句：修饰先行词，关系词在从句中作成分 -例句：The news that he told me is true.(that作told的宾语，修饰news) 2.同位语从句：解释说明先行词内容，that无意义不充当成分 -例句：The news that our team won the game is true.(that引导同位语从句，解释news内容) ·易错点：关系代词的省略（仅在从句中作宾语时） 1.限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语可省略 -例句：The book(which/that)I read yesterday is very interesting.(which/that作read的宾语，可 省略) 2.非限制性定语从句及介词后，关系代词不可省略 -例句：ly sister,whom you met last year,is a doctor.(非限制性从句，whom不可省略) 知识点三：定语从句的进阶应用及综合辨析 ·分隔式定语从句（先行词与从句被其他成分隔开） 一识别标志及例句解析： *先行词+其他修饰成分+从句→例句：I was the only person in my office who was invited to the meeting.(先行词person被in my office分隔，who作主语) *先行词为时间/地点名词但从句缺主语/宾语时（需用关系代词而非副词）→例句：'ll never forget the days that we spent together.(从句缺spent的宾语，用that而非when) ·关系代词as与which的异同（指代主句内容时）】 一用法对比及典型例句： *位置差异：as可置于句首句中/句末，which仅可置于句末→例句：As is known to all,.the earth is round.(as置于句首)/He failed the exam,hich made his parents angry..(which置于句末) *语义差异：as表”正如”，which无此含义→例句：She was late again,as we expected.(正如预 期)/She was late again,which we didn't expect..(单纯指代事实) ·定语从句与强调句的区分(ltis..that/who结构) 一判定方法及对比例句： *强调句：去掉It is/was.that后句子仍完整→例句：It was in this room that I met her.(去掉后为"I met her in this room”,完整) *定语从句：先行词在从句中作成分，不可随意删除→例句：It is the room where I met her..(where 在从句中作地点状语，先行词room不可删除) ·”数词代词+of+关系代词”结构（表示整体中的部分） 一常用搭配及例句： *不定代词+of+which/whom→例句：I have many friends,some of whom are teachers.(whom指 代friends) *数词+of+which→例句：He bought three books,two of which were written by Mo Yan.(which指 代books) ·多重定语从句（一个先行词带两个或以上从句） 一嵌套类型及例句分析： *并列限制性从句→例句：This is the girl who helped me and whom I will never forget.(两个从句 修饰同一先行词girl) *限制性+非限制性从句→例句：The novel,,which I read last month,is about a hero who fought for freedom.(非限制性从句补充说明，限制性从句限定hero) ·高考高频易混关系词对比(where/which与抽象地点名词) -抽象地点名词适用场景： *先行词为case,point,situation等表”情形状况”时用where→例句：We've reached a point where we have to make a decision.(point表抽象地点，where作状语) *先行词为occasion,stage等表”阶段/场合”时用when→例句：I still remember the occasion when we first discussed this plan.(occasion表抽象时间，when作状语) 语法复习|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 考法一：关系代词that与which的用法辨析 ·核心：根据先行词的类型及修饰词，判断只能用that或只能用which的情况 ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the most interesting story_I have ever heard. 一答案：that解析：先行词story被最高级the most interesting修饰，此时只能用关系代词that引导定 语从句。 ·真题2（单项选择）： She passed the exam,-made her parents very happy. A.that B.which C.who D.as -答案：B解析：此处为非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，且位于句末，只能用which引导；ht 不可用于非限制性定语从句。 考法二：关系代词that与which的用法辨析 ·核心：根据先行词类型、修饰语特征及从句性质（限制性/非限制性），选择正确的关系代词that或which ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the most interesting story-I have ever read -答案：that解析：先行词story被最高级the most interesting修饰，根据知识点二，此类情况只能用 that引导定语从句。 ·真题2（单项选择）： She passed the exam,_made her parents very happy. A.that B.which C.who D.what 一答案：B解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，指代主句内容，根据知识点二，非限制性定语从句不可 用that,需用which引导。 考法三：定语从句的综合辨析与特殊结构应用 ·核心：结合关系代词副词的特殊用法、分隔式定语从句及”介词+关系代词”结构，判断复杂语境下的 关系词选择及句式转换 ·真题1（单项选择）： -The reason_he explained at the meeting for his absence was _he was seriously ill,_made us all worried. A.that:because;which B.why;that;which C.that:that:which D.why;because;as -答案：C解析：第一空先行词reason在从句中作explained的宾语，用关系代词that;第二空为表语 从句，用that引导（不用because);第三空引导非限制性定语从句指代前文事实，用which(as表” 正如”不符合语境) ·真题2（语法填空）： We are living in an age_many things can be done on computers,one of-_greatest benefits is_it saves us much time.Teachers and students __use computers frequently should pay attention to eye protection -答案：when;whose;that;who解析：第一空先行词age表时间，从句不缺主宾，用关系副词when; 第二空”one of+whose+名词”结构表所属关系；第三空引导表语从句用that;第四空先行词指人且在 从句中作主语，用关系代词who 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 that which辨先行，最高级后只用that; 非限定从逗号隔，which指代整句话； reason作先行词，从句缺宾用that; 表语从句that引导，because不可替代它； age表时间用when,所属关系whose加； one of whose名词连，所属结构要记牢； 先行指人作主语，关系代词用who好。 语法复习|英语」译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.This is the only dictionary_can help you with the new words. A.which B.that C.what D.who 2.She has two sons,both of_work as doctors in the local hospital. A.whom B.who C.which D.that 3.The house_windows face south was built in the 1980s. A.which B.where C.whose D.that 4.I still remember the day_we visited the Great Wall together. A.which B.when C.where D.why 5.He failed the exam,_was unexpected. A.as B.that C.which D.what 6.This is the same story_I heard from my grandfather. A.that B.which C.as D.what 7.The reason_he gave for being late was not believable. A.why B.which C.because D.for which 8.We're talking about the books and writers_we met during the trip. A.that B.which C.whom D.who 9.It was in the park_we first met that we held our reunion. A.where B.which C.that D.when 10.The number of people _lost homes in the flood reached 500. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The girl_is standing at the door is my classmate. 2.This is the city_I was born and grew up 3.I'll never forget the days_we spent together in Paris. 4.The book_cover is red was written by Mo Yan. 5.He passed the driving test,-made his family very proud. 6.This is the first time_I have visited the Forbidden City. 7.The reason__she was absent is still unknown. 8.We have a lot of things_need to be prepared before the trip. 9.The scientist_we met yesterday won the Nobel Prize. 10.This is the factory_my father worked for 30 years. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Nowadays,more and more people are choosing to work from home,1.-has become a new trend in society.There are many benefits to this lifestyle,one of 2._greatest benefits is 3._it saves us much time.People 4.-work from home can avoid the rush-hour traffic,5.-saves them a lot of time. However,working from home also has challenges.The biggest problem is the lack of a clear bound- ary between work and life.Many people find it hard to focus on tasks 6.-they are in a comfortable environment.This is a common issue 7.-needs to be solved. To deal with this,experts suggest creating a dedicated workspace at home.It can be a small room 8. _a simple desk,9.-helps to separate work from daily life.Another tip is to set a fixed schedule,10. _makes it easier to stay productive. In conclusion,working from home is a choice 11.-requires self-discipline and effective time manage- ment. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.A3.C4.B5.C6.C7.B8.A9.A10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.who/that 2.where/in which 3.that/which 4.whose 5.which 6.that 7.that/which 8.that/which 9.whom/who/that 10.where/in which 演练三：语法填空 1.which 2.whose 3.that 4.who/that 5.which 6.when 7.that/which 8.or 9.which 10.which 11.that/which 语法复习|英语」译林版