12种基础时态与被动语态-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（译林版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） Chapter112种基础时态与被动语态 考频分析 12种基础时态与被动语态是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心 题型：单项选择(3-4题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子 时态准确性与语态合理性)。在语境理解类题目中，时态的时间标志识别、语态的主语关系判断往往是解 题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对12种基础时态与被动语态的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·基本结构识别：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来 进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时的构成形式及标志 性时间状语； ·时态语境应用：不同时态在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中的呼应，以及在叙述过去事件时多种时态的 综合运用； ·被动语态转换：各时态被动语态的基本结构，主动句与被动句的转换规则，及被动语态在语境中的恰当 使用。 精讲精练 知识点一：12种基础时态与被动语态 ·1.一般现在时 一主动语态结构：主语+动词原形第三人称单数 -被动语态结构：主语+amis/are+过去分词 -例句：☐She cleans the room every day.(主动)☐The room is cleaned by her every day..(被动) ·2.一般过去时 一主动语态结构：主语+动词过去式 -被动语态结构：主语+was/were+过去分词 -例句：☐He finished the work yesterday.(主动)口The work was finished by him yesterday.(被动) ·3.一般将来时 -主动语态结构：主语+wil/sha+动词原形 -被动语态结构：主语+wil/shall be+过去分词 -例句：口They will hold a meeting tomorrow.(主动)口A meeting will be held by them tomorrow..(被 动) ·4.现在进行时 -主动语态结构：主语+amis/are+现在分词 -被动语态结构：主语+am/is/are being+过去分词 -例句：口She is writing a letter now.(主动)口A letter is being written by her now.(被动) ·5.过去进行时 -主动语态结构：主语+was/were+现在分词 -被动语态结构：主语+was/were being+过去分词 -例句：☐They were playing football at3p.m.yesterday.(主动)Football was being played by them at3p.m.yesterday..(被动) ·6.将来进行时 -主动语态结构：主语+wi/shall be+现在分词 -被动语态结构：主语+will/shall be being+过去分词（注：将来进行时被动语态较少使用，此处仅作结 构展示) -例句：口I will be reading a book this time tomorrow.(主动) ·7.现在完成时 -主动语态结构：主语+have/has+过去分词 -被动语态结构：主语+have/has been+过去分词 -例句：☐He has finished the task..(主动)☐The task has been finished by him.(被动) ·8.过去完成时 一主动语态结构：主语+had+过去分词 -被动语态结构：主语+had been+过去分词 -例句：口They had left before I arrived.(主动)口The room had been cleaned before I came in..(被 动) ·9.将来完成时 一主动语态结构：主语+wi/shall have+过去分词 -被动语态结构：主语+will/shall have been+过去分词 -例句：☐She will have learned1o00 words by the end of this month.(主a动)☐1o00 words will have been learned by her by the end of this month.( ·10.一般过去将来时 -主动语态结构：主语+woud+动词原形 -被动语态结构：主语+would be+过去分词 -例句：口He said he would come tomorrow.(主动)口He said the party would be held tomorrow.(被 动) ·11.现在完成进行时 -主动语态结构：主语+have/has been+现在分词 一（注：现在完成进行时无被动语态） -例句：They have been working here for5 years.(主动) ·2.过去完成进行时 -主动语态结构：主语+had been+现在分词 一（注：过去完成进行时无被动语态） -例句：☐She had been studying English for2 hours when I called her.(主动) 【即学即练】 1.【一般现在时被动语态】The classroom_(clean)by students every day.. 2.【现在进行时被动语态】Look！A new road三(build)in our city now. 3.【时态辨析】He-(ive)in Shanghai for10 years..(用现在完成时填空) 4.【过去完成时】By the time we got to the station,the train=(leave)already. 5.【被动语态特殊情况】The cake一(taste)delicious.(用主动表被动填空) 语法复习|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 知识点二：时态与被动语态难点辨析 ·1.一般现在时Vs现在进行时 -口易混点：状态动词（如Iike,know,have)无进行时 -例：He likes music.(N,表状态)He is liking music.(x) -口对比练习： *She usually drinks coffee.(一般现在时，表习惯) *She is drinking coffee now.(现在进行时，表此刻动作) ·2.现在完成时Vs一般过去时 -口时间标志词区分： *现在完成时：since2018(从2018年至今) *一般过去时：in2018(仅2018年，与现在无关) -口对比练习： *He has lived in Beijing for10 years.(现完，持续到现在) *He lived in Beijing in2010.(一过，过去某时段) ·3.主动表被动的特殊情况 -口感官动词：The cloth feels soft.(布料摸起来软，主动表被动) -口不及物动词短语：The book sells well..(书畅销，主动表被动) -0练习： *这朵花闻起来很香。The flower smells good.(V) ·4.时态呼应（主从复合句） 一口主句过去时，从句用相应过去时态： -He said he would come tomorrow.(主过从过将) 一口客观真理不受主句时态影响： -The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.(客观真理用现一) ·5.无被动语态的动词类型 -口不及物动词：happen(发生)、appear(出现) -例：The accident happened yesterday.(无被动) -口系动词：look(看起来)、become(变得) -例：She looks happy.(无被动) -口练习： *会议将在明天举行。The meeting will be held tomorrow.(V,hold为及物动词) *他发生了什么事？/hat happened to him?(V,happen无被动) ·6.将来时表达对比 -☐will vs be going to: *l临时决定用wil:t's raining.I'll take an umbrella *计划/征兆用be going to:Look at the clouds.lt's going to rain. -口练习： *我打算明年学游泳。I am going to learn swimming next year. 知识点三：时态与语态综合应用 ·1.语境时态判断 一时间标志词专项训练： *口现在完成时标志词(for/since/already/yet)→例句：They have lived here since2010.(√) *口过去完成时标志词(by+过去时间before+过去动作)一例句：She had left by the time I arrived. (N) *口将来完成时标志词(by+将来时间)→例句：We will have finished the project by next Friday.(√) *练习：他已经学英语五年了。He has learned English for five years.(现完，for+时间段) ·2.被动语态特殊句式 一口双宾语被动转换： *主动：My mother gave me a book.→被动1：I was given a book by my mother.. *被动2：A book was given to me by my mother.. -口复合宾语被动转换（感官动词使役动词）： *主动：Ve saw him enter the room.→被动：He was seen to enter the room.(被动还原to) -口练习：老师让我们保持安静。We were made to keep quiet by the teacher.(make被动还原to) ·3.时态与语态改错 -典型错误分析： *口时态错误：He has bought a new car last week.(x,last week用一般过去时→bought) *O语态错误：The accident was happened yesterday..(×,happen无被动→happened) *O主谓-致错误：Three books is written by him.(×,主语复数→are written) *O练习：改错：The film has been started ten minutes ago.(去掉been,ago用一般过去时→started) ·4.语境翻译（含时态语态转换） -口主动转被动：人们每年都在这条河里种很多树。→Many trees are planted in this river every year.. -口时态转换：他说他会在明天完成报告。→He said he would finish the report tomorrow.(主过从过 将) -口练习：到明年这个时候，这座桥将已经建成了。→The bridge will have been built by this time next year.(将来完成时被动) ·5.语法填空专项（时态/语态填空） -☐时间状语提示：They_(live)in this city for15 years.(for+时间段-have lived) -口被动提示词(bybe+过去分词)：The letter_(write)by my brother yesterday.(yesterday+by-was written -口语境逻辑：When I arrived,the meeting_(stat)already.(arrived是过去，之前完成→had started) -☐练习：By the end of last month,they_(learn)2o00 English words.(by+过去时间→had learned) 语法复习|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 考法一：被动语态结构识别 ·核心：根据时态类型，判断被动语态的正确结构形式及动词变化 ·真题1（语法填空）： The project_(complete)by the end of last month,so we can start the next step now. -答案：had been completed解析：由时间标志词“by the end of last month”(by+过去时间)可知用 过去完成时，被动语态结构为“had been+过去分词”，complete的过去分词为completed。. ·真题2（单项选择）： -A new library_in our school now and it will be open next year. A.is building B.was built C.is being built D.will be built -答案：C解析：由时间标志词“now”可知动作正在进行，被动语态结构为“amis/are being+过去分 词”，主语为单数，be动词用is,build的过去分词为buit。 考法二：主动被动转换与时态呼应 ·核心：结合主从复合句时态呼应规则，进行主动语态与被动语态的转换 ·真题1（语法填空）： The teacher said that the meeting_(hold)the next day. -答案：would be held解析：主句谓语动词”said”为一般过去时，根据时态呼应规则，从句应用相应过 去时态；"the next day'”表示过去将来时间，且”meeting”与"hold”为被动关系，故用过去将来时被动 语态"would be held"。 ·真题2（单选题）： My parents told me that a new bridge_over the river the following year. A.will be built B.would build C.would be built D.will build -答案：C解析：主句"told”为过去时，从句需用过去将来时；"bridge”与"build”是被动关系，过去将来 时被动语态结构为"would be+过去分词”，build的过去分词为buit,故选C。 考法三：时态与被动语态综合语境应用 ·核心：结合时间标志词、语境逻辑及动词特性，判断时态与被动语态的综合运用，掌握主从复合句中的 时态呼应规则 ·真题1（单项选择）： -By the time we arrived at the theater,the movie_for ten minutes.We missed the beginning. A.has started B.had been on C.was starting D.would start 一答案：B解析：由“By the time+过去动作(arrived)”可知，主句需用过去完成时；stat为短暂性动 词，与“for ten minutes”时间段连用需转换为延续性动词短语beon,其过去完成时结构为had been ono ·真题2（语法填空）： The old temple_(build)in the 15th century and it_(repair)by workers now.Local people say it_(become)a museum next year. -答案：was built;is being repaired;will become解析：第一空由时间标志词“in the15 th century” 及被动关系可知用一般过去时被动语态was built;第二空由“now”及被动关系可知用现在进行时被 动语态is being repaired;第三空由主句“say”(一般现在时)及时间标志词“next year'”可知宾语 从句用一般将来时will become。 语法复习|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境； 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动“am/is/are”,一过被动“was/were”; 进行被动要用“being”,完成被动“have/has/had been”; 将来被动“will be”,最后加上一个done; 主从复合要呼应，主句过去从过变； 短暂动词遇时段，转换延续是关键。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The Olympic Games_every four years. A.hold B.are held C.were held D.will be held 2.By the time we get to the station,the trainalready. A.leaves B.left C.has left D.will have left 3.A new hospital_in our city now and it is expected to open next year. A.builds B.is building C.is being built D.will be built 4.He told me that he_to London the following week A.will go B.would go C.has gone D.goes 5.This kind of cloth_well and =soft. A.sells:feels B.is sold;is felt C.sells;is felt D.is sold:feels 6.The accident_at 9 o'clock yesterday morning when people were on their way to work. A.happens B.happened C.was happening D.has happened 7.By the end of last term,we_English for six years. A.have learned B.had learned C.learned D.will learn 8.I_my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. A.do B.did C.was doing D.have done 9.The teacher said that light_faster than sound. A.travels B.traveled C.will travel D.had traveled 10.If you don't hurry up,the tickets_out by the time we arrive. A.will sell B.will be sold C.have sold D.have been sold