主谓一致系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（译林版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） Chapter1主谓一致系统复习 考频分析 主谓一致是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的10%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空（1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子语法正确性与表 达规范性)。在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的单复数匹配及特殊句式应用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对主谓一致的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础规则与特殊用法： ·语法一致原则：主语与谓语在人称和数上的基本匹配，如单数主语接单数谓语、复数主语接复数谓语； ·意义一致原侧：根据主语所表达的单复数意义确定谓语形式，如集体名词(family,class)表整体时用单 数、表成员时用复数； ·特殊结构一致：就近原则(there be句型、either.or.等)、就远原则(with,together with等)及不定 代词(each,none等)作主语时的谓语形式。 精讲精练 知识点一：主谓一致基本原则及应用场景 ·语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式） 一规则1：单数主语（不可数名词/单数可数名词/第三人称单数代词）→谓语用单数（现单三形式：动 词+s/es) -例句：口ater boils at1O0D.(不可数名词water作主语，谓语boil用现单三boils)口She studies English every day.(第三人称单数she作主语，谓语study用现单三studies) 一规则2：复数主语（可数名词复数/复数代词）→谓语用原形（现单三除外时态） -例句：They often play basketball after school..(复数代词they作主语，谓语play用原形) ·意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语形式） -规则1：集合名词表整体时（视为单数）→谓语单数；表成员时（视为复数）→谓语复数 -常见集合名词：family(家庭/家人)、cass(班级/同学)、team(团队队员) -例句：口The family is a happy one.(family表整体”家庭”，谓语用单数is)The family are watching TV.(family表成员”家人”，谓语用复数are) -规则2："the+形容词”表一类人时（视为复数）→谓语复数 -例句：The old are taken good care of in our community.(the old表”老年人”，谓语用复数are) ·就近一致原则（并列主语中靠近谓语的名词决定单复数） -适用结构：either...or..neither..nor.not only..but also.here be句型 -例句：口Either you or he is right.(靠近谓语的he是单数，谓语用is)口There is a book and two pens on the desk.(靠近谓语的a book是单数，谓语用is) 【即学即练】 1.【语法一致原则】The girl_(study)hard every day to pass the exam. 2.【意义一致原则】The class一(be)going to have a picnic this weekend.All the students are excited. 3.【就近一致原则】Not only my parents but also my brother_interested in playing table tennis.. A.am B.is C.are D.be 4.【集合名词用法】”family”作为集合名词，在强调整体时谓语动词用，强调个体时用。 5.【the+形容词】The young_(be)full of energy and hope for the future 语法复习|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 知识点二：主谓一致特殊结构及易错点 ·不可数名词及数量表达作主语 1.不可数名词（表示整体概念）→谓语用单数 -常见不可数名词：news(新闻)、information(信息)、equipment(设备)、furniture(家具) -例句：☐The news is very exciting.(news为不可数名词，谓语用is)☐This equipment works well.. (equipment为不可数名词，谓语用works) 2.”数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构→谓语单复数由量词单复数决定 -例句：A cup of milk is on the table.(量词cup为单数，谓语用is)Three cups of milk are on the table.(量词cups为复数，谓语用are) ·不定代词作主语 1.单数不定代词→谓语用单数 -常见单数不定代词：each(每个)、either(两者中任一)、入neither(两者都不)、someone(某人)、 something(某物)、nobody(无人) -例句：口Each of the students has a dictionary.(each作主语，谓语用has)口Something is wrong with my phone.(som ething作主语，谓语用is) 2.复数不定代词→谓语用复数 -常见复数不定代词：both(两者都)、many(许多)、few(很少)、several(几个) -例句：Both of the answers are correct..(both作主语，谓语用are)Many have finished their tasks.(many作主语，谓语用have) 3.”all/some/most/half+of+名词”结构→谓语单复数由of后的名词单复数决定 -例句：☐All of the book is interesting.(of后book为单数，谓语用is)口Most of the students are here.(of后students为复数，谓语用are) ·并列主语特殊情况 1.”and连接两个单数名词表同一人/物/概念”→谓语用单数 -例句：☐The writer and teacher is coming..(指同一人”作家兼教师”，谓语用is)☐A knife and fork is used for meals.(指同一套”刀叉”，谓语用is) 2.”and连接两个并列主语前有each/every/no”→谓语用单数 -例句：口Each boy and each girl has a seat.(each修饰两个单数名词，谓语用has)☐No desk and no chair is in the room.(no修饰两个单数名词，谓语用is) 3.”as well as/together with/with/along with连接两个主语”→谓语单复数由前面的主语决定（就远原则） -例句：Tom as well as his parents likes swimming.(前面主语Tom为单数，谓语用likes)口The teacher together with the students is planting trees.(前面主语teacher为单数，谓语用is) ·特殊句型及固定搭配 1.”one of+-复数名词+定语从句”→从句谓语用复数；"the only one of+.复数名词+定语从句”→从句 谓语用单数 -例句：☐He is one of the students who are good at math.(先行词students为复数，从句谓语用 are)☐He is the only one of the students who is good at math.(the only one强调唯一，从句谓 语用s) 2."there be+并列主语”→谓语单复数遵循就近原则（同知识点一就近一致原则） -例句：There are two apples and a banana in the basket..(靠近谓语的apples为复数，谓语用are) 3.”what引导的主语从句”→谓语单复数由表语单复数决定 -例句：What he said is true.(表语true为单数概念，谓语用is)口What they need are books. (表语books为复数，谓语用are) 知识点三：主谓一致进阶规则及实战应用 ·分数佰分数作主语 -规则：分数百分数+of+名词→谓语单复数由of后的名词单复数决定 -例句：口Two thirds of the water is polluted.(of后water为不可数名词，谓语用is)口60%of the students are from the countryside.(of后students为复数，胃语用are) ·"the number of/a number of'结构 -规则：口the number of+复数名词（表数量）→谓语用单数口a number of+.复数名词（表许多）→ 谓语用复数 -例句：☐The number of books in the library is over10,000.(the number表数量，谓语用is)☐A number of students are playing on the playground.(a number of表许多，谓语用are) ·时间距离金钱作主语 一规则：表示整体概念的时间、距离、金钱等复数形式名词→谓语用单数 -例句：口Ten years is a long time.(ten years表整体时间，谓语用is)口Two hundred kilometers is quite a long distance.(two hundred kilometers表整体距离，谓语用is)口Five thousand dollars is enough for the trip.(five thousand dollars表整体金额，谓语用is) ·定语从句中的主谓一致 一规则：关系代词指代先行词，从句谓语单复数与先行词一致 -例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.(先行词girl为单数，从句谓语用is)The books which are on the desk are mine.(先行词books为复数，从句谓语用are) ·倒装句中的主谓一致 一规则：全部倒装时，谓语单复数与后面的主语一致 -例句：口On the wall hang two maps..(主语maps为复数，谓语用hang)口Here comes the bus..(主 语bus为单数，谓语用comes) ·"more than one+单数名词”与”one more+复数名词” -规则：口more than one+单数名词→谓语用单数·one more+复数名词→谓语用复数 -例句：口More than one student has passed the exam.(more than one+单数名词，谓语用has)□ One more days are needed to finish the work.(one more+复数名词，谓语用are) ·中考易错点辨析 1.不可数名词数量表达的主谓一致误用： -hree cup of milk are on the table.,Three cups of milk are on the table.(量词cup需变复数 cups) -The news are very exciting.→The news is very exciting.(news为不可数名词，谓语用单数is) 2.就远原则的主谓一致误用： -Tom as well as his parents like swimming.-Tom as well as his parents likes swimming.( 远原则，谓语由Tom决定，用likes) 3."the number of//a number of'混淆： -A number of book is on the desk→A number of books are on the desk.(a number of后接复 数名词，谓语用复数are) -The number of students are50.→The number of students is50.(the number of表数量，谓语 用单数s) 4.more than one结构的主谓一致误用； More than one students have passed the exam.More than one student has passed the exam.(more than one后接单数名词，谓语用单数has) 语法复习|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 考法一：语法一致原则应用 ·核心：根据主语的单复数形式，直接匹配谓语动词的单复数（现单三形式或原形） ·真题1（语法填空）： The girl_(study)hard every day to pass the exam. 一答案：studies解析：主语The girl为第三人称单数，根据语法一致原则中“单数主语→谓语用现单 三形式”，study的现单三形式为studies. ·真题2（单项选择）： These children often-games after school. A.play B.plays C.playing D.played -答案：A解析：主语These children为复数，根据语法一致原则中“复数主语→谓语用原形（现单三 除外时态)”，此处为一般现在时，谓语用原形play。 考法二：集合名词与不定代词作主语的主谓一致 ·核心：区分集合名词表整体成员时的单复数，以及不同不定代词作主语时的谓语形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The class_(be)going to have a picnic this weekend.All the students are excited. -答案：are解析：集合名词class在此处表”同学”（成员），视为复数，谓语用are。 ·真题2（单项选择）： Neither of the answers_correct.Please check again. A.is B.are C.am D.be -答案：A解析：单数不定代词neither作主语时，谓语用单数，故选is。 考法三：综合结构中的主谓一致判断 ·核心：结合语法一致、意义一致、就近一致原则，分析含数量表达、并列结构、特殊句型的复杂主语与 谓语的匹配关系 ·真题1（单项选择）： -Not only the students but also their teacher_interested in this new project.More than one of them -already made some contributions. A.is;has B.are;have C.is;have D.are;has -答案：A解析：第一空由"not only..but also.”连接并列主语，遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的"teacher'”为 单数，谓语用is;第二空”more than one-+单数名词”结构中，谓语用单数has。 ·真题2（语法填空）： Three fourths of the equipment in the lab_(update)last month.The number of workers required for this task_(be)10,but now only 5 are present. -答案：was updated;is解析：第一空”分数+of+不可数名词equipment”作主语，谓语单复数由equip- ment决定（单数），结合时间状语"last month”用一般过去时被动语态was updated;第二空"the number of+.复数名词”作主语表数量，谓语用单数is。 语法复习英语」译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 解题小妙招 主谓一致有三原则，语法意义就近看； 语法一致最基础，单主单谓复主复； 集合名词看含义，整体单数成员复； 不定代词分单复，neither、each用单数； 并列结构就近则，not only..but also是代表； 分数、the number作主语，单复由后名词定； more than one接单数，谓语依然用单数。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.Each student and teacher in this school__a new textbook at the beginning of the term. A.receive B.receives C.received D.receiving 2.The family-sitting together in the living room,watching the Spring Festival Gala. A.is B.are C.was D.be 3.Not only my parents but also my brother_interested in playing table tennis A.am B.is C.are D.be 4.Two thirds of the land in this area-covered with trees and grass. A.is B.are C.have D.has 5.More than one member__against the plan put forward at the meeting. A.vote B.votes C.voting D.voted 6.The number of people who_English as a second language__increasing rapidly. A.speaks;is B.speak;is C.speak;are D.speaks;are 7.A knife and fork __needed when you have western food. A.is B.are C.was D.were 8.He is the only one of the students whowon the first prize three times. A.has B.have C.is D.are 9.There_a pen,two pencils and a notebook on the desk. A.is B.are C.has D.have 10.Tom,as well as his friends,_to the party last night. A.invite B.invites C.was invited D.were invited 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This information_(be)very important for our project. 2.Both of my sisters_(like)listening to pop music. 3.The team_(be)made up of 12 excellent players from different countries. 4.Someone_(knock)at the door.Go and see who it is 5.Ten years_(pass)since we graduated from high school. 6.All of the books in this library_(be)available for students to borrow. 7.No teacher and no student_(be)absent from the meeting yesterday. 8.The old in this village_(take)good care of by the local government. 9.One more day_(need)to complete the task on time 10.On the top of the mountain_(stand)an ancient temple built 500 years ago. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Nowadays,more and more people 1.-(realize)the importance of environmental protection.A number of measures 2.-(take)to reduce pollution in recent years.For example,the government 3.-(pass) laws to limit the emission of harmful gases. However,some problems still exist.Neither factories nor individuals 4.(pay)enough attention to waste sorting.In fact,70%of waste 5.(can recycle)if properly sorted. A study shows that the family which 6.-(have)a low-carbon lifestyle 7.-(save)more energy than others.More than one organization 8.(call)on people to live a green life. Here 9._(be)some suggestions:use public transport instead of private cars,plant more trees,and reduce the use of plastic products.Remember,everyone 10._(play)a role in protecting the earth. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.B3.B4.A5.B6.B7.A8.A9.A10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.is 2.like 3.is 4.is knocking 5.has passed 6.are 7.was 8.are taken 9.is needed 10.stands 演练三：语法填空 1.realize 2.have been taken 3.has passed 4.pay 5.can be recycled 6.has 7.saves 8.calls 9.are 10.plays 语法复习|英语|译林版