特殊句式系统复习倒装句强调句等-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（译林版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） Chapter1特殊句式系统复习（倒装句、强调句等） 考频分析 特殊句式系统复习（倒装句、强调句等）是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的10%左右，主要 分布在试卷部分题型：单项选择(1-2题)、语法填空(1题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句）。在结构分析 类题目中，特殊句式的识别与还原往往是理解句子逻辑和解题的关键。 考查内容 高中英语对特殊句式的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖结构特征与语境应用： ·倒装句：完全倒装(here/there引导、表语提前等)与部分倒装（否定词置于句首、only+状语置于句首 等)的结构规则与辨别； ·强调句：It is/was+-被强调部分+that/who+其他成分的基本结构，以及与定语从句的区分； ·其他特殊句式：祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句的构成特点与用法，以及省略句在语境中的正确应用。 精讲精练 知识点一：特殊句式（倒装句、强调句） ·倒装句（将谓语或部分谓语提到主语之前，强调或平衡结构） -完全倒装（谓语动词完全置于主语前）：常见于here/there开头或表示方位的副词/介词短语置于句首 时。 -例句：口Here comes the bus.(here开头，谓语comes置于主语the bus前)口On the hill stands a tall tree.(方位介词短语置于句首，谓语stands置于主语a tall tree前) -部分倒装（将助动词情态动词置于主语前，实义动词位置不变）：常见于否定副词短语(never/not only/by no means等)置于句首、only+状语置于句首或“so/neither/nor-+助动词/情态动词+主语” 结构中。 -例句：口Never have I seen such a beautiful place.(否定副词never置于句首，助动词have置于主 语I前)口Only in this way can we solve the problem.(only+状语置于句首，情态动词can置于主 语we前) ·强调句（通过固定结构突出句子某一成分，常用“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”） -强调对象：可强调主语、宾语、状语（时间/地点/原因等），强调人时可用who,其他情况用that。 -例句：口It was Tom who//that won the competition.(强调主语Tom)口It was yesterday that we met in the park.(强调时间状语yesterday)☐It is English that I like best.(强调宾语English) -注意：强调句去掉It is/was和that/who后，剩余部分仍能构成完整句子；若原句含not.until.,强调 时间状语时结构为“It is/was not until..that..”。 -例句：It was not until midnight that he went to bed.(强调until midnight,原句为He didn't go to bed until midnight 【即学即练】 1.【倒装句辨析】下列句子中属于完全倒装的是？ A.Never have I seen such a film. B.Here comes the train. C.Only then did I know the truth. D.Neither does he like swimming. 2.【强调句结构】请补全强调句：It was in the park_I met my old friend. 3.【部分倒装应用】将句子改为部分倒装：I have never been to Beijing. A.Never I have been to Beijing B.Never have I been to Beijing C.I never have been to Beijing. D.Have I never been to Beijing. 4.【not.until..强调结构】强调句改写：He didn't leave until his mother came back. A.It was not until his mother came back that he left. B.It was until his mother came back that he didn't leave. C.Not until his mother came back he left. D.Until his mother came back that he didn't leave. 5.【强调句与定语从句区分】判断句子类型：It is the house that I bought last year. A.定语从句 B.强调句 C.倒装句 D.祈使句 语法复习|英语引译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 知识点二：非谓语动词和三大从句 ·非谓语动词（不作谓语，包括不定式、动名词、分词） 1.动词不定式(todo,表目的、将来、结果) -结构：to+动词原形（否定式：not to do) 一功能： *作主语：To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要) *作宾语：He wants to buy a new bike.(他想买一辆新自行车) *作状语：She came here to see her mother.(她来这儿是为了看她妈妈，表目的) 一例句： *☐I hope to visit Paris one day.(作宾语，hope to do sth) *☐To catch the early bus,he got up at5a.m.(作目的状语，置于句首) 2.动名词(doing,表抽象、习惯性动作) -结构：动词原形+ing 一功能： *作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康) *作宾语：I enjoy listening to music.(我喜欢听音乐，enjoy doing sth) *作表语：Her hobby is dancing.(她的爱好是跳舞) 一例句： *☐He practices speaking English every morning.(作宾语，practice doing sth) *口Seeing is believing.(作主语和表语，眼见为实) 3.分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done,表主动/被动、进行/完成） 一现在分词：主动、进行；过去分词：被动、完成 一功能：作定语、状语、表语 一例句： *口The running boy is my brother..(现在分词作定语，主动关系“男孩跑”) *口The broken window was repaired yesterday.(过去分词作定语，被动关系“窗户被打破”) *Hearing the news,she cried.(现在分词作状语，主动“听到消息”) *口Encouraged by her teacher,she worked harder..(过去分词作状语，被动“被鼓励”) ·定语从句（修饰名词代词，关系词指代先行词并连接从句） 1.关系代词(who/whom/which/that/whose) -who(指人，作主语/宾语)：The girl who is singing is my sister.(正在唱歌的女孩是我妹妹，作主 语) -whom(指人，作宾语)：The man whom you met yesterday is a doctor..(你昨天遇到的那个男人 是医生，作宾语，可省略) -which(指物，作主语/宾语)：This is the book which I bought last week..(这是我上周买的书，作 宾语，可省略) -that(指人/物，作主语/宾语，先行词被最高级/序数词/不定代词修饰时用that):He is the first student that came to school..(他是第一个到校的学生，先行词有序数词frst) -whose(指人/物，作定语)：This is the boy whose father is a teacher..(这是那个爸爸是老师的男 孩，whose修饰father) 一例句 *口The house which stands on the hill is very old.(which指物，作主语，不可省略) *☐I know the girl whose hair is long.(whose作定语，修饰hair) 2.关系副词(when/where/.why,分别指代时间/地点原因，在从句中作状语) -when(指时间)：Isti圳I remember the day when we first met..(我还记得我们第一次见面的那天，先 行词day表时间) -where(指地点)：This is the school where I studied.(这是我学习过的学校，先行词school表地 点) -why(指原因，先行词为reason):The reason why he was late is unknown.(他迟到的原因不清 楚，先行词reason) -例句： *口This is the city where I was born.(where指地点，作状语) *☐Tell me the reason why you didn't come.(why指原因，先行词reason) ·状语从句（修饰动词形容词副词，表时间、条件、原因等） 1.时间状语从句(when/while/as/until/before/.after/since) -when(当…时，时间点段)：I was reading when he came in.(他进来时我正在读书) -while(当…时，时间段，主从句均用进行时)：While I was watching TV,my mother was cooking. (我看电视时，妈妈在做饭) 一until(直到…)：He waited until she came back.(他一直等到她回来) 一例句： *口As the sun rose,the fog disappeared.(随着太阳升起，雾散了，as“随着”) *口I will call you when I arrive in Beijing.(我到北京时会给你打电话) 2.条件状语从句(if/unless/as long as) -if(如果，引导真实条件句，“主将从现")：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.(如果明天下 雨，我们就待在家里，从句一般现在时，主句一般将来时) -unless(除非=if not):You will fail unless you work hard.(除非你努力，否则你会失败=If you don't work hard,you will fail) 一例句： *口As long as you study hard,you will succeed.(只要你努力学习，就会成功) *口If I have time,I will help you.(如果我有时间，我会帮你) 3.原因状语从句(because/since/as/for) -because(因为，回答why,语气最强)：He didn't go to school because he was ill.(他没上学因 为他生病了) -since(既然，表已知原因)：Since you are free,let's go shopping.(既然你有空，我们去购物吧) -as(由于，语气较弱)：As it was late,we went home.(由于很晚了，我们回家了) -例句： *口I like English because it is interesting.(回答why“为什么喜欢英语”) *口For he was busy,he didn't attend the meeting.(for表补充说明的原因，置于句中，前有逗号) ·名词性从句（在句中作主语宾语/表语同位语，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句） -连接词(that/if/whether/特殊疑问词what/who/which/when/where/why/how) *that(无意义，不作成分，宾语从句中可省略) *例句： ·口That he will come is certain.(主语从句，that不可省略) ·口I think(that)she is right.(宾语从句，that可省略) *what(什么…的东西，作主语/宾语/表语) *例句：hat he said is true.(主语从句，what作said的宾语“他说的话") *if/whether(是否，宾语从句中可互换，whether可与or not连用) *例句：Idon't know if/whether he will come.(宾语从句“是否会来”) 一语序：陈述句语序（连接词+主语+谓语） -例句： *口Can you tell me where he lives?(宾语从句用陈述句语序，he lives而非does he live) *口/hat she is doing is not clear.(主语从句，she is doing而非is she doing) 语法复习|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 知识点三：虚拟语气和情态动词 ·虚拟语气（表示假设、愿望、建议等非真实情况） 1.与现在事实相反（从句用一般过去时，be动词用were;主句用would/could/should/might+动词 原形) 一基础结构及例句： *从句：If I were you, *主句：I would study harder.(如果我是你，我会更努力学习) *从句：If she had time, *主句：she might go to the party..(如果她有时间，她可能会去派对) 2.与过去事实相反（从句用had+过去分词；主句用would/could/should/might+have+过去分词） 一基础结构及例句： *从句：If he had studied, *主句：he would have passed the exam.(如果他学习了，他就会通过考试了) *从句：If we had left earlier, *主句：we could have caught the bus.(如果我们早点出发，就能赶上公交车了) 3.与将来事实相反（从句用一般过去时were to do/should do;主句用would/could/should/might+ 动词原形) 一基础结构及例句： *从句：If it rained tomorrow, *主句：we would stay at home.(如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里) *从句：If she were to come, *主句：I should tell her the news.(如果她要来，我就告诉她这个消息) 4.特殊句型(suggest/,insist/demand等词后的宾语从句用should+动词原形，should可省略) -例句： *The teacher suggests that we(should)finish the work on time.(老师建议我们按时完成工作) *He insisted that she(should)go with him.(他坚持要她和他一起去) ·情态动词（表示能力、许可、推测等，包括can/could/may/might/must/should等） 1.can/could(能力、许可、推测) 一基础用法及例句： *能力：I can speak English.(我会说英语)；She could swim when she was five.(她五岁时就会 游泳了) *许可：Can I use your pen?(我能用你的钢笔吗？)；Could you help me?(你能帮我吗？较委婉) *推测（否定推测用can't):He can't be at home.(他不可能在家） 2.may/might(许可、推测) 一基础用法及例句： *许可：May I come in?(我可以进来吗？)；Might I borrow your book'?(我可以借你的书吗？更 委婉) *推测（可能性比may小）：She may be in the classroom.(她可能在教室)；He might come tomorrow.(他明天可能来) 3.must/have to(必须、推测) 一基础用法及例句： *must(主观必须)：You must finish your homework.(你必须完成作业) *have to(客观必须)：I have to go to school on time.(我不得不按时上学) *推测（肯定推测）：He must be happy.(他一定很高兴) 4.should/ought to(应该、建议) 一基础用法及例句： *You should study hard.(你应该努力学习) *We ought to help each other..(我们应该互相帮助) 5.need(需要，可作情态动词或实义动词) -情态动词用法及例句：Need I go now?(我现在需要走吗？)；You needn't worry.(你不必担心) -实义动词用法及例句：I need to buy a new bag.(我需要买一个新包)；He doesn't need to come. (他不需要来) 语法复习」英语」译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 考法一：倒装句辨析 ·核心：根据句首关键词或结构特征，判断是否需要使用完全倒装或部分倒装，并选择正确的语序形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -Only by working hard_(we succeed)in the future. 一答案：can we succeed解析：由句首"Only+介词短语”可知，需用部分倒装；根据"in the future”可知 用情态动词can,将can置于主语we前，谓语动词用原形succeed。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -Here the bus.Let's hurry up. A.come B.comes C.coming D.to come -答案：B解析：由句首"Here”可知，需用完全倒装；主语the bus为第三人称单数，谓语动词用comes。. 考法二：定语从句与非谓语动词辨析 ·核心：根据句子成分和逻辑关系，区分定语从句（含关系词）与非谓语动词（现在分词过去分词）作定 语的用法 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The girl_(wear)a red dress is my deskmate. -答案：wearing解析：句中已有谓语动词is,空处需作定语修饰the girl;”女孩穿裙子”为主动关系， 用现在分词wearing表主动进行。 ·真题2（单项选择）： This is the book_I bought yesterday A.which B.buying C.bought D.to buy -答案：A解析：空后为完整句子结构(I bought yesterday),需用关系代词which引导定语从句，指代 先行词the book并在从句中作宾语；B、C项为非谓语动词，句中缺少连接词，语法不完整，故选A。 考法三：特殊句式、非谓语动词与虚拟语气的综合运用 ·核心：结合倒装句/强调句结构，判断非谓语动词的形式及虚拟语气的时态搭配 ·真题1（单项选择）： Never_such a terrible storm hit the village before.We-prepared for it earlier if we-the weather forecast A.have I seen;should have;had checked B.I have seen;would have;checked C.have I seen;would have;had checked D.I have seen:should have;checked -答案：C解析：否定副词“Never'”置于句首，句子需部分倒装，助动词“have”提前，排除B、D;第 二空为虚拟语气，与过去事实相反（未提前准备），主句用“would have+过去分词”；从句用“had +过去分词”，“check'”的过去分词为“checked”,故选C。 ·真题2（语法填空）： It was not until she(finish)her homework that she realized it _(be)midnight.(encourage) by her teacher,she decided to make a plan-(improve)her time management. -答案：had finished;was,Encouraged;to improve解析：第-一空为强调句，原句含“not..until.”,强 调时间状语，从句动作“finish'”发生在“realized”之前，用过去完成时“had finished”;第二空陈述 过去事实，用一般过去时“was”;第三空“encourage?”与逻辑主语“she”为被动关系，用过去分词 “Encouraged”作状语；第四空表目的，用不定式“to improve”。 语法复习|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 解题小妙招 倒装句辨析妙招 句首关键词要记牢，Only修饰状语句首到，部分倒装助动提前不可少；Here/There引导全倒装，主语位 置要调换，主谓一致莫忘掉。 定语从句与非谓语动词辨析妙招 句子已有谓语动词，作定语用非谓语，主动关系用现分，被动关系用过分；空后有完整句子结构，需用关 系词引导定语从句，指代先行词作成分，非谓缺少连接词不可取。 特殊句式非谓语与虚拟语气综合运用妙招 否定副词Never开头，部分倒装助动提前；虚拟语气看时间，与过去事实相反，主句would have加过去 分词，从句had加过去分词；强调句中not until后，从句动作先发生，过去完成时态用；非谓作状看关系， 被动关系用过分，表目的用不定式。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.Only when we learn from mistakes_progress in life. A.we can make B.can we make C.we make D.make we 2.It was in the park_I met my old friend yesterday. A.where B.which C.that D.when 3.The teacher suggested that we-_more attention to grammar. A.pay B.paid C.to pay