所有代词系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（译林版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） Chapter1所有代词系统复习 考频分析 所有代词系统复习是高中英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单 项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、短文改错1-2题。在语境理解类题目中，代词的指代 一致性、人称和物主代词的辨析以及不定代词的用法往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对所有代词系统的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·人称代词：主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词的形式变化与句法功能（作主 语、宾语、定语等)； ·指示代词与不定代词：this/that/these/those的指代范围，some/any/no/many/much/few/little/all/both/either/neither 的语义辨析与搭配规则； ·关系代词与连接代词：that/which/who/whom/whose引导定语从句的用法区别，what/who/which/how引 导名词性从句的语法功能。 精讲精练 知识点一：代词的分类及基础用法 ·人称代词（指代人或事物，分主格和宾格） -主格（作主语）：(you/he/she/it/we/they→例句：She is a student.. -宾格（作宾语）：me/you/him/her/it/us/them→例句：I love them. ·物主代词（表示所属关系，分形容词性和名词性） -形容词性（后接名词）：my/your/his/her/.its/our/their→例句：This is my book. -名词性（独立使用，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”）：mine/yours/.his/hers/its/ours/theirs→例 句：The red pen is mine. ·反身代词（指代主语本身，强调“自己”） -常见形式：m yself/yourself/him self/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/them selves→例句：He taught himself English. ·指示代词（指示人或事物） -近指：this(这个)/these(这些)→例句：This is a cat.These are books. -远指：that(那个)/those(那些)→例句：That is a dog..Those are trees. ·不定代词（指代不确定的人或事物） -普通不定代词：some(一些)Iany(任何)many(许多，接可数名词)much(许多，接不可数名词) few(很少，接可数名词)/little(很少，接不可数名词)lall(全部)both(两者都)1 either(两者中任何 一个)neither(两者都不)/each(每个)1/every(每个，强调整体)mone(没有一个)/something(某 事)/anything(任何事)/somebody(某人)lanybody(任何人)→例句：I have some books.There is little water in the bottle. ·疑问代词（用于特殊疑问句，询问人或事物） -常见疑问代词：who(谁，指人，作主语或宾语)whom(谁，指人，作宾语)whose(谁的，表所属) what(什么，指物)which(哪一个，指人或物)→例句：Who is that man?Whose book is this'? What do you like?Which pen do you want? ·关系代词（引导定语从句，指代先行词） -常见关系代词：who(指人，作主语或宾语)whom(指人，作宾语)whose(指人或物，表所属)which (指物，作主语或宾语)that(指人或物，作主语或宾语)→例句：The girl who is singing is my sister. This is the book which I bought yesterday. 【即学即练】 1.【人称代词格辨析】一Who taught_English last year?一Nobody！He learned it by一. A.his;himself B.him;himself C.he;him D.him;him 2.【物主代词类型判断】This book is not mine.t's_(you).请填写正确的物主代词形式： 3.【指示代词用法】The weather in Harbin is colder than_Lin Shanghai in winter. A.it B.that C.this D.one 4.【不定代词辨析】_of the two answers is correct.You need to check again. A.Both B.Either C.Neither D.All 5.【关系代词选择】The girl_Lis wearing a red dress is my cousin. A.who B.which C.whose D.whom 语法复习|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 知识点二：代词的特殊用法及易错点辨析 ·人称代词的格与指代一致 1.主格Vs宾格的特殊场景 -作表语时：□语中常用宾格（如ho is it?t'sme.),正式文体用主格（如It was I who called you.) -比较状语从句中：than/as后接主格或宾格取决于是否省略动词（如She is taller than I(am).IShe loves you more than me. 2.指代一致 -指代集体名词：强调整体用单数代词（如The team is ready,and it will start soon.);强调个体用 复数代词（如The team are arguing,and they can't agree.) -指代不定代词：someone/som ebody/anyone./anybody作主语时，代词用they/them/their(如Some- one left their umbrella here. ·物主代词的双重所有格及省略 1.双重所有格(of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格) -结构：a/an/this/that+名词+of+mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs/sb's -例句：☐This is a friend of mine..(=one of my friends)☐That book of Tom's is very interesting. (强调汤姆众多书之一) 2.省略现象 -名词性物主代词后不可接名词，但若上下文明确，可省略重复名词（如My bike is red,and yours is blue.(yours your bike)) ·反身代词的固定搭配及误用 1.固定搭配 -enjoy oneself(玩得开)：She enjoyed herself at the party. -help oneself to..(随便吃/用)：Help yourselves to some fruit,.kids, -by oneself(独自)：He finished the task by himself.. -teach oneself(自学)：I taught myself to play the piano. 2.误用辨析（反身代词不可作主语） -错误：Myself and my brother went to the park. -正确：My brother and I went to the park.(主格I作主语) ·指示代词的替代用法及比较级 1.替代上文内容 -this/that可指代句子或段落（如He said he would come,but this/that didn't happen.) -these/those指代复数名词，避免重复（如The books here are better than those on the shelf.(those the books)) 2.比较级中that/those替代不可数名词/可数名词复数 -不可数名词用that:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(that=the weather) -可数名词复数用those:The prices of apples are higher than those of oranges.(those=the prices) ·不定代词的数量及逻辑关系 1.some/ay的特殊用法 -some用于疑问句表请求/建议（希望得到肯定回答）：Vould you like some coffee? -any用于肯定句表“任何”：Any student can join the club 2.all/both/either/neither/none的区别 -all(三者及以上都)：All of the students passed the exam -both(两者都)：Both answers are correct: -either(两者中任何一个，肯定)：Either book is suitable.. -neither(两者都不，否定)：Neither of them likes spicy food, -none(三者及以上都不)：None of the three options is right. 3.each/every的区别 -each强调个体，可接of短语(Each of the girls has a gift.);every强调整体，不可接of(Every girl has a gift. ·疑问代词的宾格及选择疑问句 1.who/whom的用法 -who可作主语或宾语（☐语中替代whom):Who did you meet?(=hom did you meet'?) -介词后必须用whom:To whom should I send the letter? 2.which/what的区别 -which指特定范围内的选择（有范围）：/hich color do you prefer,red or blue? -what指未知范围内的事物（无范围）：hat color is your new car? ·关系代词的省略及只用that的情况 1.省略规则（关系代词作宾语时可省略） -例句：The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is interesting.(which/that作bought的宾语，可 省略)》 2.只用that的场景 -先行词被最高级/序数词/only/very修饰：This is the best film that I have ever seen. -先行词是all/everything/nothing/.som ething/anything:Everything that he said is true -先行词既有人又有物：The teacher and the school that I visited impressed me a lot. 知识点三：代词的语境应用及高考真题链接 ·人称代词在复杂句式中的指代 一高考高频语境： *复合句中代词指代一致性（非限制性定语从句） *The team,whose members are all experienced,will represent our school,and they are likely to win.(they指代the team整体) *独立主格结构中的逻辑主语 *例句：The work finished,we went home.(we为人称代词主格，作独立主格结构的逻辑主语) ·物主代词与冠词/数词的搭配禁忌 一高考易错点： *形容词性物主代词不可与冠词/指示代词同用 *错误：This is my a book. *正确：This is my book./This is a book of mine.(双重所有格替代) *名词性物主代词后接名词所有格表强调 *例句：He is a friend of mine,not my brother's.(mine强调“我的朋友”，brother's后省略friend) ·反身代词在强调句与固定短语中的差异 -高考核心区分： *强调句中反身代词作同位语 *例句：I myself solved the problem.(myself强调主语I) *固定短语中的反身代词不可替换 *例句：He came to himself after the accident.(come to oneself苏醒，不可用him) ·不定代词与主谓一致 -高老常老规则： *al/most/some作主语时的数 *接可数名词复数：All students are here.(复数谓语) *接不可数名词：Some water is left.(单数谓语) *none的单复数歧义 *后接of短语：None of the books are/is interesting.(均可，但正式文体用单数) ·关系代词在分隔式定语从句中的应用 -高考难点突破： *先行词与关系代词被状语分隔 *例句：I will never forget the day in Beijing when I met her,,which changed my life..(which指代前 面整句话) *介词+关系代词的固定搭配 *例句：The reason for which he left is unknown.(for which=why,不可用that) ·高考真题改编单选（共5题）： 1.Lis known to all,,China is a developing country.(2023●全国卷) A.That B.As C.Which D.What 2.答案：B,s引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句 3.My bike is broken.I need to buy a new一.(2022●江苏卷) A.it B.one C.that D.ones 4.答案：B,one泛指同类异物，it指代同一物 5.She is taller than_in her class..(2021●折江卷) A.any student B.any other student C.any students D.all students 6.答案：B,any other+-单数名词表“其他任何一个”，避免包含自身 7.Nobody but Mary and Tom_in the classroom just now.(2020●山东卷) A.was B.were C.is D.are 8.答案：A,主语为nobody,谓语用单数 9.The book _cover is blue is mine.(2019●北京卷) A.which B.that C.whose D.who 10.答案：C,whose表所属关系，修饰先行词the book 语法复习|英语|译林版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（译林版） 考法一：物主代词的双重所有格用法 ·核心：掌握“o+名词性物主代词/名词所有格”的结构，理解其表示“部分所属”的含义及与普通物主 代词的区别 ·真题1（语法填空）： This is a photo of.Look,the girl in the middle is me. -答案：mine解析：此处表示“我的一张照片”，应用双重所有格结构“a photo of+名词性物主代词”， mine相当于my photos,符合语境。 ·真题2（完形填空）： --Whose dictionary is this? --It might be Lucy's.Look,there is a name on the cover of_. A.her B.she C.hers D.herself -答案：C解析：此处指“字典的封面”，of后需接名词性物主代词，hers相当于her dictionary,符合 “the+名词+of+名词性物主代词”的双重所有格结构；her为形容词性物主代词，后需接名词；she 为主格；herself为反身代词，均不符合。 考法二：物主代词与双重所有格的综合运用 ·核心：根据语境判断物主代词的类型（形容词性/名词性），掌握双重所有格的结构及与冠词的搭配禁忌 ·真题1（语法填空）： -A friend of(I)will come to visit me tomorrow.He is from America. -答案：mine解析：此处需用名词性物主代词构成双重所有格“a friend of mine”,表示“我的一个朋 友”，相当于“one of my friends”。 ·真题2（完形填空）： --Is this_book? --No,it's not mine.It's a book of_. A.your;Tom's B.yours;Tom C.your;Tom D.yours;Tom's -答案：A解析：第一空后有名词“book”,需用形容词性物主代词“you”;第二空构成双重所有格“a book of Tom's”,表示“汤姆的一本书”，强调汤姆众多书之一，故选A。 考法三：代词在复杂语境中的综合应用及指代关系辨析 ·核心：结合人称代词格的选择、物主代词的双重所有格、反身代词固定搭配及关系代词指代规则，在长 难句或上下文语境中精准判断代词的指代对象及形式 ·真题1（单项选择）： My sister and I bought two books yesterday.The one about history is mine,and_about science belongs to_. A.one;her B.that;hers C.this;she D.the one;her 一答案：D解析：第一空特指“关于科学的那本书”，需用定冠词the+one表特指（避免重复books); 第二空作介词to的宾语，用宾格her。A项one表泛指不符合语境，B项hers为名词性物主代词后 不可接名词，C项his指代近处事物但前文未明确空间关系且she为主格不可作宾语，故选D。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The students-are studying in the classroom come from different countries,and each ofhas brought_own dictionary. -答案：who;them;their解析：第一空引导定语从句修饰先行词students(指人)，在从句中作主语， 用关系代词who;第二空作介词of的宾语，指代students用宾格them;第三空后接名词dictionary, 用形容词性物主代词their,.与each呼应表“他们各自的”。 语法复习|英语|译林版