主谓一致系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） Chapter1主谓-致系统复习 考频分析 主谓一致是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的10%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子结构的正确性与 逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的单复数匹配、特殊句式的主谓关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对主谓一致的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础规则与特殊用法： ·语法规则应用：主语单复数形式与谓语动词的匹配（如不可数名词、集合名词作主语时的谓语形式）； ·特殊句式一致：There be句型、倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致原则； ·复杂结构一致：主语后跟with/together with等短语、定语从句中的主谓一致，以及就近原则与就远原则 的辨析。 精讲精练 知识点一：主谓一致的基本原则及应用 ·1.语法一致原侧（主语与谓语单复数形式一致） 一单数主语（不可数名词/单数可数名词第三人称单数代词）→谓语用第三人称单数 -例句：口ater is important for life.(不可数名词作主语，谓语用is)口He plays basketball every weekend.(第三人称单数代词作主语，谓语用plays) -复数主语（复数名词/复数代词）→谓语用原形（第三人称复数形式） -例句：口The students are reading books..(复数名词作主语，谓语用are)口They study hard every day.(复数代词作主语，谓语用study) ·2.意义一致原侧（根据主语实际意义判断单复数） 一集合名词作主语：表整体时谓语用单数，表成员时谓语用复数 -例句：口The family is going to Beijing.(强调整体，谓语用is)口The family are watching TV.(强调 成员，谓语用are) 一并列主语表单一概念时谓语用单数 -例句：口Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast..(”面包和黄油”表单一食物，谓语用is) ·3.就近一致原则（谓语单复数由最近的主语决定） -常见结构：either...or..neither..nor.not only..but also./there be句型 -例句：口Either you or he has the book.(最近主语he为单数，谓语用has)There is a pen and two books on the desk.(最近主语apen为单数，谓语用is) ·4.特殊主语的主谓一致 -不定代词作主语：someone/som ebody/.everything等单数不定代词→谓语用单数；both/few/many等 复数不定代词→谓语用复数 -例句：口Everyone likes music.(单数不定代词作主语，谓语用likes)口Many are from the south.(复 数不定代词作主语，谓语用are) -”the+形容词”表一类人时谓语用复数 -例句：The old are taken good care of in this country.("the old”表老年人，谓语用are) 【即学即练】 1.【语法一致原则】不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用；复数代词作主语时，谓语动词用。 2.【意义一致原则】集合名词"class”强调整体时，谓语用一(is/are);强调班级成员时，谓语用一(is/are)。 3.【就近一致原则】Neither my sister nor I一(Iike/ikes)swimming.请选出正确答案： A.like B.likes C.is like D.are like 4.【特殊主语主谓一致】"The young”表一类人，谓语动词用；”everyone'”作主语时，谓语动词用。 5.【综合应用】There一(is/are)a book and three pens on the desk.请选出正确答案： A.is B.are C.was D.were 语法复习|英语引人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的用法及辨析 ·1.动词不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、动作未完成) 1.基本功能及用法 -作主语：To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要) -作宾语：He wants to buy a new bike.(他想买一辆新自行车) -作状语：She came here to see her mother..(她来这儿是为了看她妈妈，表目的) -作定语：I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做，修饰homework) 2.固定搭配 -常见接不定式的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、plan(计划)、refuse(拒绝) -例句：口We hope to visit the Great Wall next month.(我们希望下个月参观长城)口She decided to study abroad.(她决定出国留学) ·2.动名词(doig)(表主动、进行、抽象概念或习惯) 1.基本功能及用法 -作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益) -作宾语：He enjoys listening to music.(他喜欢听音乐) -作表语：Her hobby is collecting stamps.(她的爱好是集邮) 2.固定搭配 -常见接动名词的动词：enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、mind(介意)、practice(练习)、avoid(避免) -例句：口They finished doing their homework at9p.m.(他们晚上9点完成了作业)口Nould you mind opening the window?(你介意打开窗户吗) ·3.现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done)(作定语、状语、补足语时的区别) 1.现在分词（表主动、进行） -作定语：The running boy is my brother.(正在跑步的男孩是我弟弟，boy与run是主动关系) -作状语：Nalking in the park,she met an old friend.(在公园散步时，她遇到了一位老朋友，she与 wak是主动关系) 2.过去分词（表被动、完成） -作定语：The broken window needs to be repaired.(破碎的窗户需要修理，window与break是被 动关系) -作状语：Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(从山上看，这座城市很漂亮，city与see是 被动关系) 3.作宾语补足语 -现在分词：I heard her singing in the room.(我听到她正在房间里唱歌，singing与her是主动关 系，动作正在进行) -过去分词：I found the door locked when I got home.(我到家时发现门锁了，door与lock是被动 关系) ·4.非谓语动词的否定形式 1.不定式的否定：not+todo 2.例句：He decided not to go there.(他决定不去那儿) 3.动名词的否定：not+doing 4.例句：He apologized for not coming on time.(他为没能准时来道歉) 5.分词的否定：not+分词 6.例句：Not knowing his address,I couldn't find him.(不知道他的地址，我找不到他) 知识点三：时态与语态 ·1.一般现在时（表经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理） 一基本结构：主语+动词原形第三人称单数 -例句：口She gets up at6:O0 every morning.(经常性动作)The earth goes around the sun.(客观 真理) -被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词 -例句：English is spoken by many people ·2.一般过去时（表过去某个时间发生的动作或状态） 一基本结构：主语+动词过去式 -例句：☐He visited the Great Wall last summer.口I was late for school yesterday. -被动语态：was/were+过去分词 -例句：The letter was written by my brother. ·3.现在进行时（表现在正在进行的动作） -基本结构：am/is/are+现在分词 -例句：☐They are playing football now.☐Look!The bird is singing in the tree, -被动语态：am/is/are+being+过去分词 -例句：The house is being built by workers ·4.现在完成时（表过去发生并持续到现在的动作对现在的影响） -基本结构：have/has+过去分词 -例句：☐I have lived here for10 years.(持续)☐She has finished her homework.(影响) -被动语态：have/has+been+过去分词 -例句：The work has been finished,. ·5.一般将来时（表将要发生的动作或状态） -基本结构：wi+动词原形be going to+动词原形 -例句：☐He will go to Beijing tomorrow.☐It is going to rain. -被动语态：wibe+过去分词/be going to be+过去分词 -例句：The book will be published next month, ·6.时态辨析（易错点） 一一般过去时Vs现在完成时 *过去时：强调过去时间点/与现在无关→I saw him yesterday. *完成时：强调与现在关联→I have seen him before. 一现在完成时Vs现在完成进行时 *完成时：动作已完成→He has read the book. *完成进行时：动作持续进行→He has been reading for2 hours.. 语法复习|英语引人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 考法一：主谓一致原则应用 ·核心：根据主语的单复数形式、意义或特殊结构，确定谓语动词的正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The family_(be)planning a trip to the mountains next weekend.They all look excited. -答案：are解析：集合名词”family'”在此处强调成员，表复数意义，谓语动词用are。 ·真题2（单项选择）： Neither the teacher nor the students_(know)the answer to the question. A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.was knowing -答案：A解析："neither...nor”结构遵循就近一致原则，最近主语”students'”为复数，谓语动词用原形 know. 考法二：非谓语动词与主谓一致结合 ·核心：判断非谓语动词短语作主语时的主谓一致关系，结合非谓语动词的功能和主谓一致原则确定谓语 形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(learn)English well requires patience and practice.The key_(be)consistent effort. -答案：Learning;is解析：第一空需用动名词作主语（表抽象概念），learn的动名词形式为Learning; 第二空主语为单数概念”The key”,根据语法一致原则测，谓语用is。 ·真题2（单项选择）： To protect the environment__necessary for us.Many_already taken action. A.is:have B.are;has C.is;has D.are;have -答案：A解析：第一空动词不定式短语作主语视为单数，谓语用is;第二空”may”为复数不定代词作 主语，谓语用have。 考法三：非谓语动词与主谓一致在时态语境中的综合运用 ·核心：结合语境判断时态背景，分析非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致关系，掌握非谓语动词的功能及主 谓一致的基本原则 ·真题1（单项选择）： --English well requires a lot of practice and everyone_hard to achieve it. A.Learning try B.To learn tries C.Learn are trying D.Learned has tried 一答案：B解析：第一空需用非谓语动词作主语，排除C(动词原形)和D(过去分词表被动或完成，此 处表主动的抽象动作)；Learning和To learn均可作主语且视为单数，第二空主语everyone为单数不 定代词（知识点一），谓语用第三人称单数，try的第三人称单数形式为tries,故选B。 ·真题2（语法填空）： --(solve)this problem needs teamwork,and both of the teams_(make)efforts these days. -答案：Solving are making解析：第一空需用非谓语动词作主语，solve的动名词形式Solving或不定 式To solve均可，但此处表抽象概念（知识点二），Solving更合适；第二空主语both为复数不定代 词（知识点一），谓语用复数，由时间标志词these days可知用现在进行时，be动词用are,make的 现在分词为making。 语法复习|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The committee_different opinions on the proposal,so they need more discussion. A.is having B.are having C.has had D.have had 2.Neither my parents nor my brother_to the new city yet. A.move B.moves C.has moved D.have moved 3.To finish the project on timechallenging,but everyone_confident A.is;feel B.are:feels C.is;feels D.are;feel 4.The young__always full of energy,and many of them-interested in science A.is;are B.are;is C.is:is D.are;are 5.Collecting stamps_one of his hobbies,and he__over 500 stamps so far. A.is:collected B.are;has collected C.is;has collected D.are;collected 6.Not only the students but also their teacher_looking forward to the trip A.was B.were C.is D.are 7._English stories helps improve reading skills,and it_popular among learners. A.Reading;is B.Read;are C.To read;are D.Read;is 8.Everyone in the class_to take part in the competition,and two thirds of them-already prepared. A.need;has B.needs;have C.need;have D.needs;has 9.The old_taken good care of in this village,and the government-more hospitals for them recently. A.are:builds B.is:has built C.are;has built D.is;built 10.Either you or your friend_responsible for the mistake,and both of you-to apologize. A.is;need B.are;needs C.is;needs D.are;need 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The police_(search)for the missing child now.They have been working for 3 hours. 2.To learn a foreign language well_(require)consistent practice.You can't give up easily 3.Neither the manager nor the workers_(agree)with the new policy.A meeting will be held tomorrow. 4.The family _(be)a big one with 8 members.They often have dinner together on weekends. 5.-(help)others makes him happy.He spends 2 hours every week volunteering at the community center. 6.All the books in the library_(be)classified by subject.Students can find them easily. 7.Not only my parents but also I(like)hiking.We plan to climb the mountain next month. 8.The number of students in this school_(increase)by 10%since last year.More classrooms are needed. 9.-(solve)this math problem is not easy.Many students_(try)but failed. 10.The rich_(not always help)the poor,but everyone-(have)a responsibility to care for others. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Passage: (keep)a diary in English is a good way to improve writing skills.Many students find it difficult at first, but with practice,it becomes easier.The key_(be)to write about daily life or feelings.For example, (describe)a walk in the park or a conversation with a friend. A diary_(not need)to be long.Even a few sentences(be)enough.What matters is consistency. Some students-(write)a diary every day for years.They say it_(help)them think in English and express themselves better. However,many(stop)after a short time because they think it's boring.To avoid this,try_(choose) interesting topics,such as your favorite movie or a new hobby.Remember,-(record)your thoughts in English is not just practice-it's also a way to understand yourself better. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.C4.D5.C6.C7.A8.B9.C10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.are searching 2.requires 3.agree 4.is 5.Helping 6.are 7.like 8.has increased 9.Solving;tried 10.don't always help;have 演练三：语法填空 1.Keeping 2.is 3.describing 4.doesn't need 5.are 6.have written 7.helps 8.stop 9.choosing 10.recording 语法复习|英语|人教版