名词性从句系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） Chapter1名词性从句系统复习 考频分析 名词性从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，主要分布在以下核心题型：单项 选择(1-2题)、完形填空(1-2题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（间接考察，影响长难句理解）。在结 构分析类题目中，名词性从句的连接词选择、语序及与其他从句的区分往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对名词性从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·从句类型识别：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的结构特征与功能判断； ·连接词选用：that、if/whether、wh-类连接词(what、who、which、when、where、why、how)的语义 辨析与语法功能； ·语序与时态：陈述句语序在从句中的应用，主从句时态呼应规则（如主句为过去时，从句用相应过去时 态)。 精讲精练 知识点一：名词性从句的定义及分类 ·定义（在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语） -功能：相当于名词，可独立成句或充当句子成分 -例句：□hat he said is true.(作主语)I know where she lives.(作宾语) ·主语从句（在句中充当主语） -引导词：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether(是否)、连接代词(what/who/which)、连接副词 (when/where/why/how) -例句：That she passed the exam surprised us all..(that引导，无意义)When we will leave hasn't been decided yet..(when引导，表时间) ·宾语从句（在句中充当宾语，常跟在动词、介词后） -引导词：that(可省略)、if/whether(是否)、连接代词/副词 -例句：口She told me(that)she would come.(that省略)口'm interested in what he is doing.(介词 后接what引导的宾语从句) ·表语从句（在句中充当表语，位于系动词后） -引导词：that(不可省略)、whether、.连接代词副词 -例句：口The fact is that he lied to us.(that引导，说明事实)口This is why we need to study hard. (why引导，表原因) ·同位语从句（解释说明前面名词的具体内容） -常见先行词：fact/idea/news/promise/belief等 -引导词：that(不可省略)、whether、连接代词副词 -例句：☐Ve heard the news that our team won.(解释news内容)☐There's no doubt that he will succeed.(doubt后的同位语从句) 【即学即练】 1.【从句类型判断】"hat he needs is a book.”中，hat he needs属于哪种名词性从句？ A.主语从句 B.宾语从句 C.表语从句 D.同位语从句 2.【I导词使用】请在空白处填入合适的引导词：The fact is_he didn't come yesterday,. 3.【同位语从句识别】下列句子中，that引导的是同位语从句的是？ A.I know that he is a student B.The news that he won the game made us happy. C.This is the book that I bought yesterday. D.He said that he would go to Beijing. 4.【宾语从句引导词】介词后引导宾语从句表”是否”，应使用？ A.that B.if C.whether D.what 5.【主语从句形式主语】为避免头重脚轻，"That we should learn English well is important..”可改写为： -important that we should learn English well. 语法复习」英语」人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：名词性从句导词辨析及易错点 ·that vs whether(引导名词性从句的区别) 1.功能差异 -that:无实际意义，不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用 -whether:意为”是否”，不充当句子成分，但表达疑问慨念 2.使用场景 -that:用于陈述句转化的名词性从句（如肯定事实、观点） -whether:用于疑问句转化的名词性从句，或与or not搭配（(whether...or not) 3.例句对比： -口He told me that he would come.(陈述事实，that无意义) -口I wonder whether he will come or not.(疑问概念，是否会来) ·what vs that(连接代词与纯连接词的区别) 1.成分差异 -what:充当从句主语/宾语/表语等（含”什么”所的”意义） -that:不充当任何成分（仅连接作用） 2.结构验证方法 -删除引导词后，从句结构完整则用that;结构残缺（缺主语/宾语等）则用what 3.例句对比： -☐She doesn't know what he needs.(needs后t缺宾语，what作宾语) -口She doesn't know that he needs help.(needs后有宾语help,结构完整用that) ·if vs whether(宾语从句中的用法区别) 1.不可用f的三种情况 -a.介词后：It depends on whether he agrees.(on后不可用if) -b.与or not直接连用：'m not sure whether or not she will come.(if不可与or not直接连) -c.引导主语从句/表语从句/同位语从句：hether he will come is unknown.(主语从句不可用if) 2.可用f的情况：动词后引导宾语从句表”是否” -例句：Idon't know if he will come.(动词know后可用if) ·同位语从句vs定语从句(tht引导的两种从句区别) 1.本质区别 一同位语从句：解释先行词的具体内容（先行词=从句内容） 一定语从句：修饰先行词（先行词≠从句内容，从句起限定作用） 2.引导词hat功能差异 -同位语从句：that不充当成分，不可省略 -定语从句：that充当主语/宾语，作宾语时可省略 3.例句对比： -The news that they won surprised us..(同位语从句：news=they won) -口The news that he told me surprised us.(定语从句：that作told的宾语，修饰news) ·名词性从句的语序规则 1.必须用陈述语序（主语+谓语，而非疑问语序） -错误：Do you know where is he going?(疑问语序) -正确：Do you know where he is going?(陈述语序：he is going) 2.例外情况：疑问词本身作主语时，看似疑问语序实为陈述语序 -例句：I asked who broke the window.(who作从句主语，broke为谓语，陈述语序) ·形式主语t的用法（避免主语从句过长） 1.结构：t+be动词/不及物动词+主语从句（后置） 2.常见句型 -a.It is clear/important that.(lt作形式主语，that从句为真正主语) -b.It seems/happens that.(lt表”情况/事实”，替代主语从句) 3.例句： -口It is important that we study hard.(避免That we study hard is important的头重脚轻结构) -It happened that I met her in the street.(lt替代That I met her in the street这一事实) 知识点三：名词性从句的时态呼应及特殊结构 ·时态呼应规则（主句与从句的时态一致） 1.主句为现在/将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态 -例句： --She says(that)she will visit Beijing next week.(主句现在时，从句将来时) --I know(that)he studied abroad in2020.(主句现在时，从句过去时) 2.主句为过去时，从句通常用过去相关时态（一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时） -例句： --He told me(that)he was watching TV at8p.m.(主句过去时，从句过去进行时) --She said(that)she had finished her homework.(主句过去时，从句过去完成时) 3.例外情况：从句表客观真理/事实时，用一般现在时不受主句时态影响 一例句： --The teacher said(that)the earth goes around the sun.(客观真理，用一般现在时) ·特殊结构与固定句型 1.t作形式主语的常用句型 -a.It be adj.that (adj.:clear/important/necessary/certain) -例句：It is necessary that we learn from each other.. -b.lt+be+n.+that从句(n.:fact/pity/shame/wonder等) -例句：It is a pity that you missed the meeting. -c.lt+be+过去分词+that从句（过去分词：said/reported/believed等） -例句：It is reported that the accident happened yesterday. 2.疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句（(whatever/whoever/wherever等) -a.含义：”无论…；任何…”，表示泛指或强调 -b.功能：在从句中充当主语宾语/表语等成分 一例句： --Whatever he says is not important.(主语从句，whatever作says宾语) --You can choose whoever you like.(宾语从句，whoever作like宾语) 3.There is no doubt that..(毫无疑问…) -a.结构特点：doubt后接that引导的同位语从句（肯定句中doubt后用whether,否定句用that) -b.例句对比： --There is no doubt that he will win.(否定句，用that) --I have doubt whether he will win.(肯定句，用whether) ·虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用 1.表示建议I命令/要求的词后的宾语从句(should+动词原形，should可省略) -常见动词：suggest/advise/order/require/.insist/demand等 一例句： --The teacher suggested that we (should)finish the task on time. --He insisted that she(should)go with him. 2.Itis+adj.+that从句(adj.:important/strange/natural/necessary等)，从句用should+动词原 形 一例句： --It is important that we(should)protect the environment. --It is strange that he should refuse the invitation. 语法复习|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 考法一：名词性从句引导词that与whether辨析 ·核心：根据从句是否表达疑问概念或是否需要”是否”含义，选择that或whether引导名词性从句 ·真题1（语法填空）： I have no idea-he will arrive on time tomorrow. 一答案：whether解析：从句表达”他明天是否会准时到达”的疑问概念，需用whether引导同位语从句， 说明idea的具体内容。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -The fact-he passed the exam made his parents very happy. A.that B.whether C.what D.how -答案：A解析：从句he passed the exam”是陈述事实，不表达疑问概念，且不缺句子成分，需用hat 引导同位语从句解释fact的内容。 考法二：引导词选择与时态呼应综合应用 ·核心：结合名词性从句引导词的语法功能（如成分充当、意义表达）和主从句时态呼应规则，选择正确 引导词并匹配从句时态 ·真题1（语法填空）： She asked me_1_(see)her lost key the day before. 一答案：if/whether;had seen解析：第一空，动词asked后接宾语从句表疑问既念”是否”，可用if/whether; 第二空，主句为过去时(asked),从句时间标志词"the day before'”表过去的过去，用过去完成时，see 的过去分词为seen。 ·真题2（单项选择）： --he will come tomorrow depends on _the weather will be fine. A.If;if B.Whether;that C.Whether;whether D.That;if -答案：C解析：第一空引导主语从句，表”是否”需用whether(if不可引导主语从句)；第二空介词on 后接宾语从句表疑问概念，需用whether(介词后不可用if),故选C。 考法三：名词性从句综合运用与引导词辨析 ·核心：结合时态呼应规则、引导词功能差异及从句类型判断，综合考查名词性从句的语法应用 ·真题1（单项选择）： It is reported_the project_by the end of next month,but many people doubt_the government will have enough funds. A.that;will complete;whether B.that;will be completed;if C.whether;will complete;that D.that;will be completed;whether -答案：D解析：第一空为It is reported that..固定句型，主语从句用that引导；第二空”项目被完成” 需用被动语态，由"by the end of next month”可知用将来时被动语态will be completed;第三空doubt 后接宾语从句表”是否”，且位于动词后可用if/whether,但选项中D项whether更符合正式用法(if虽 可用于动词后，但whether无使用限制)。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The teacher insisted that we_(hand)in our homework before Friday and that it_(check)carefully by ourselves first.What surprised us was _she also said whoever_(finish)early could leave the classroom. -答案：(should)hand;(should)be checked;that;finishes解析：第一、二空为insist后的宾语从句， 表”要求”需用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形，第二空”作业被检查”用被动语态；第三空为表语从句， 从句结构完整用that引导；第四空为whoever引导的宾语从句，”完成作业”表客观事实，用一般现 在时，whoever作主语视为单数，谓语用finishes。 语法复习|英语|人教版 ENGL凵ISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.he will attend the meeting tomorrow is still unknown. A.That B.Whether C.What D.How 2.She told me_she had finished her homework. A.that B.whether C.what D,if 3.The problem is_we can solve it in such a short time. A.that B.whether C.what D.how 4.I have no idea he is talking about A.that B.whether C.what D.how 5.It is important_we should learn English well. A.that B.whether C.what D.how 6.He asked me_I had seen his pen. A.that B.whether C.what D.how 7.The news_our team won the game made us excited. A.that B.whether C.what D.how 8.-you said just now is very important. A.That B.Whether C.What D.How 9.There is no doubt_he will pass the exam A.that B.whether C.what D.how 10.I wonder they will come or not. A.that B.whether C.what D.how 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.I don't knowhe will come tomorrow. 2.The fact-he failed the exam surprised us. 3.She asked me _I liked English. 4.he did was wrong. 5.It is said_he has gone abroad. 6.I have no ideathe meeting will begin. 7.The question is-we can get there on time. 8.He told me_he would help me. 9._you need is more practice. 10.There is no doubt_he is honest. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Many students often ask me 1.they can learn English well.My answer is 2.-it is not difficult if they have the right methods.First,I suggest 3.they should read English every day.4.they read can be newspapers,magazines or novels.Second,it is important 5.-they should listen to English tapes. 6.-they listen carefully,they will improve their listening skills.Third,I advise 7.-they should speak English as much as possible.8.-is helpful to talk with native speakers.Finally,I tell them 9.they should keep a diary in English.10.-they stick to these methods,they will certainly make progress. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.A3.D4.C5.A6.B7.A8.C9.A10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.whether/if 2.that 3.whether/if 4.What 5.that 6.when 7.whether/how 8.that 9.What 10.that 演练三：语法填空 1.how/whether 2.that 3.that 4.What 5.that 6.If 7.that 8.It 9.that 10.If 语法复习|英语|人教版