非谓语动词系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（人教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） Chapter1非谓语动词系统复习 考频分析 非谓语动词是高中英语词法的核心模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选 择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-4题)、语法填空(23题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子结构多样性与 表达准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择（不定式、分词、动名词）及其逻辑关系往往 是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对非谓语动词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·形式与句法功能：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing./过去分词done)作主语、 宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的辨析与应用； ·时态与语态：非谓语动词的一般式(to dol/doing/done)、完成式(to have done/having done/having been done)、被动式(to be done/being done/done)的语境匹配； ·固定搭配与逻辑关系：接不定式或动名词的动词短语固定搭配，非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主动/被动关 系，独立主格结构中非谓语动词的用法。 精讲精练 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 ·动词不定式(to+动词原形，有时省略to) 一功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 -例句：口To learn English well is important.(作主语)口He wants to buy a new bike.(作宾语)口Her dream is to be a teacher..(作表语)口I have something to tell you.(作定语)☐She came here to see me.(作目的状语)口My mother asked me to clean the room.(作宾语补足语) ·动名词（动词+ing形式） 一功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 -例句：口Swimming is good for health.(作主语)口He enjoys playing basketball..(作宾语)口His hobby is collecting stamps..(作表语)There is a swimming pool in our school.(作定语) ·现在分词（动词+ing形式） 一功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 -例句：口The running water is clean.(作定语)口They stood there talking.(作伴随状语)口The book is interesting..(作表语)☐I heard her singing in the room.(作宾语补足语) ·过去分词（动词+ed形式，不规则变化需特殊记忆） 一功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 -例句：☐The broken window was repaired.(作定语)☐Seen from the hill,,the city looks beautiful.. (作状语)口The door is closed.(作表语)口I had my hair cut yesterday.(作宾语补足语) 【即学即练】 1.【非谓语分类】"Swimming is my favorite sport.”中"Swimming”属于哪种非谓语形式？ A.动词不定式 B.动名词 C.现在分词 D.过去分词 2.【不定式功能】"I have a lot of homework__finish tonight.”中不定式作什么成分？ A.主语 B.宾语 C.定语 D.状语 3.【现在分词用法】选择正确形式填空：The girl_(read)a book is my sister.. 4.【过去分词功能】"The window is broken.”中"broken”作什么成分？ A.定语 B.表语 C.状语 D.宾语补足语 5.【非谓语功能辨析】动名词不能作以下哪种句子成分？ A.主语 B.状语 C.表语 D.定语 语法复习|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的时态和语态及解题技巧 ·动词不定式的时态和语态 1.一般式（表示动作与谓语动作同时/之后发生） -主动语态：todo -例句：I hope to meet you tomorrow.(“meet”发生在“hope”之后) -被动语态：to be done -例句：The work needs to be finished by Friday..(“work”与“finish”是被动关系) 2.进行式（表示动作与谓语动作同时进行） -主动语态：to be doing -例句：He seems to be thinking about something.(think”与“seem”同时发生) 3.完成式（表示动作发生在谓语动作之前） -主动语态：to have done -例句：'m sorry to have kept you waiting.(keep”发生在“be sorry?”之前) -被动语态：to have been done -例句：She is said to have been sent abroad.(“send”发生在be said”之前，且为被动) ·动名词的时态和语态 1.一般式（表示动作与谓语动作同时/之后发生） -主动语态：doing -例句：I enjoy listening to music.(listen”与“enjoy”同时发生) -被动语态：being done -例句：He hates being laughed at.(he”与“laugh at”是被动关系) 2.完成式（表示动作发生在谓语动作之前） -主动语态：having done -例句：Having finished homework,he went out..(“finish”发生在“went out'”之前) -被动语态：having been done -例句：Having been told many times,he still forgot it..(tell”发生在“forgot'”之前，且为被动) ·分词的时态和语态（现在分词与过去分词区别） 1.现在分词（表主动/进行） -一般式（主动进行）：doing -例句：The girl reading a book is my sister..(“girl”与“read”是主动关系，表进行) -完成式（主动完成）：having done -例句：Having lived here for10 years,he knows the city wel‖.(live”发生在“know”之前，主动) 2.过去分词（表被动完成） -被动完成：done -例句：The letter written by Tom is on the desk.(letter”与“write”是被动关系，表完成) 3.易混点对比 一主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词： -例句：a developing country(发展中国家，主动“正在发展”) -a developed country(发达国家，被动“已被发展") ·非谓语动词解题三步骤（高中高频考点） 1.分析句子成分：确定空格在句中作主语/宾语定语状语等（如句中已有谓语动词，空格必为非谓语） 2.判断逻辑关系：找到非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系（主动用doing/to do/having done;被动用 done/being done/to be done) 3.确定时间关系：比较非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后顺序（同时之后用一般式；之前用完成式） 4.例句：_(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks beautiful..(步骡1：作状语；步骡2：“city” 与“see”是被动关系；步骤3：无先后，表状态→填Seen) 语法复习|英语|人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 知识点三：非谓语动词的固定搭配与特殊句型 ·动词不定式(todo)的高频固定搭配 1.基础动词搭配（高中核心）： -口afford to do(负担得起做)→例句：Ne can't afford to buy a new house now. -口agree to do(同意做)→例句：She agreed to help me with my project. -口happen to do(碰巧做)→例句：I happened to meet my old friend in the street.. -口offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offered to carry the heavy box for me -☐pretend to do(假装做)→例句：The boy pretended to be asleep when his mother came in. -口refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：She refused to answer my question. -☐seem to do(似乎做)→例句：He seems to know the truth. -·fail to do(未能做)→例句：I failed to pass the exam last time. -口manage to do(设法做)→例句：They managed to finish the work on time -口promise to do(承诺做)→例句：He promised to come to the party:. 2.特殊句型（高中必背）： -口疑问词+todo(作主语宾语)→例句：How to solve the problem is still unknown.(作主语)I川 don't know what to do next.(作宾语) -口only to do(结果却…，表意外结果)→例句：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left -☐be said/reported/believed+todo(据说/据报道/据信…)→例句：He is said to have won the first prize. ·动名词(doing)的高频固定搭配 1.基础动词搭配（高中核心）： -口admit doing(承认做)→例句：He admitted breaking the window. -口appreciate doing(感激做)→例句：I appreciate your helping me. -口delay doing(推迟做)→例句：They delayed holding the meeting, -口deny doing(否认做)→例句：He denied stealing the money. -口escape doing(逃脱做)例句：The thief escaped being caught. -口fancy doing(想要做)→例句：Do you fancy going out for dinner? -口imagine doing(想象做)→例句：|can't imagine living without water.. -☐involve doing(涉及做)→例句：The job involves working long hours. -口miss doing(错过做)→例句：I missed seeing the film last night.. -口risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risked losing his job to speak out.. 2.介词后接doing(高中易错)： -口instead of doing(代替做)→例句：He went shopping instead of staying at home -object to doing(反对做)→例句：They object to building a factory here. -口succeed in doing(成功做)→例句：She succeeded in passing the exam, -☐think about doing(考虑做)→例句：'m thinking about changing my job, -thanks to doing(由于做)→例句：Thanks to working hard,he got a promotion. ·分词(doing/done)的固定搭配与独立主格 1.固定短语（高中常考）： -口generally speaking(一般来说)→例句：Generally speaking,boys are better at sports than girls. -口judging from/by(根据…判断)→例句：Judging from his expression,he was angry. -口considering(考虑到)→例句：Considering his age,he did a good job. -口provided/providing(假如)→例句：Providing that the weather is good,we will go picnic. 2.独立主格结构（高中难点）： -O逻辑主语+doing(主动关系)→例句：Weather permitting,we will have a picnic tomorrow. (weather与permit是主动关系) -口逻辑主语+done(被动关系)→例句：The work finished,they went home.(work与finish是被 动关系) -口逻辑主语+todo(表将来)→例句：He suggested a trip to the beach,Mary to organize it.(Mary 去组织，表将来) -口with+宾语+doing/done/to do(with复合结构)→例句：Vith the children playing in the garden, Ican't focus on work.(主动进行)/With the problem solved,we felt relaxed.(被动完成)/With a lot of homework to do,Ican't go out..(将来动作) ·非谓语动词作定语的区别（高中易混点） -口todo(表将来朱发生)→例句：I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.(“attend”发生在将来) -口doing(表主动/进行，与所修饰词是主谓关系)→例句：The girl reading a book is my sister..(girl 与read是主动关系) -口done(表被动/完成，与所修饰词是动宾关系)→例句：The broken glass was swept away.(glass 与break是被动关系，且动作已完成) -口being done(表被动/进行，与所修饰词是被动关系且动作正在进行)→例句：The house being built is our new school.(house与build是被动关系，且动作正在进行) 语法复习|英语引人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 考法一：非谓语动词作状语辨析 ·核心：根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系及动作发生时间，判断使用现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式 ·真题1（语法填空）： --(see)from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful. 一答案：Seen解析：句中“the city'”与“see”是被动关系，且无时间先后，用过去分词作状语表被动 状态。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -He stood there_(wait)for the bus for half an hour. A.wait B.waiting C.waited D.to wait 一答案：B解析：he”与“wait”是主动关系，且动作与“stood'”同时进行，用现在分词作伴随状语。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语的时态语态辨析 ·核心：根据被修饰词与非谓语动词的主被动关系及动作发生时间，选择to dol/doing/done/being done作 定语 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The building_(build)now will be our new library. -答案：being built解析：句中已有谓语动词will be,空格处需填非谓语动词作定语；"building”与"ouild” 是被动关系，且时间标志词”now”表明动作正在进行，故用being done形式。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -I have a lot of homework_(finish)this evening. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished -答案：B解析：非谓语动词作后置定语修饰"nom ework'”,”finish”是将来要发生的动作，且与逻辑主 语"I”是主动关系，用不定式todo表将来，故选B。 考法三：非谓语动词的综合应用与解题逻辑链 ·核心：融合非谓语动词的分类功能、时态语态及固定搭配，通过”成分分析→逻辑关系→时间判断→ 固定搭配验证”四步解题法完成综合题目的推理 ·真题1（单顶选择）： -_the homework,he went to the cinema with his friends,only_that the film had already started. A.Finishing;finding B.Having finished;to find C.To finish;finding D.Having been finished;to find 一答案：B解析：第一空作时间状语，”完成作业”发生在”去电影院”之前，且主语he与fish是主动 关系，用现在分词完成式Having finished;第二空为固定句型”only to do'”表意外结果，故填to find.。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The teacher asked us to read the_(interest)article_(write)by a young reporter,which inspired many students-(pursue)journalism as a career. -答案：interesting written to pursue解析：第一空作定语修饰article,表事物特征用现在分词interesting; 第二空作后置定语，article与write是被动关系且动作已完成，用过去分词written;第三空为固定搭 配inspire sb to do sth,填动词不定式to pursue. 语法复习|英语引人教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（人教版） 解题小妙招 非谓语作状辨主被，同时进行用现分，被动完成用过分，将来目的不定式。 非谓作定看关系，主动进行用doing,被动进行being done,被动完成用done,将来动作todo替。 综合应用四步法，成分分析定功能，逻辑关系判主被，时间先后辨时态，固定搭配要牢记，完成主动having done,意外结果only to do。. 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The girl_in the classroom is my best friend. A.read B.reading C.to read D.readed 2.He pretendedwhen his mother came in. A.sleep B.sleeping C.to sleep D.to be sleeping 3.the early bus,he got up at 5 o'clock. A.Catch B.Catching C.To catch D.Caught 4.The novel_by Mo Yan is very popular among young people. A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 5.I really appreciateme with my English. A.you help B.you to help C.your helping D.you helping 6.The workby the time we arrived at the office. A.has finished B.had finished C.to be finished D.had been finished 7.for two hours,he felt very tired. A.Working B.Having worked C.To work D.Worked 8.She is said_a scholarship to study abroad next year. A.to win B.to have won C.winning D.won 9.The children ran out of the classroom,_and laughing. A.shout B.shouted C.shouting D.to shout 10.He tried to avoid_the same mistake again. A.make B.making C.to make D.made 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.I hope_(see)you at the party tomorrow. 2.The problem seems-(solve)already. 3._(walk)in the park,we met an old friend. 4.He has a habit of(get)up early.