定语从句系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1定语从句系统复习 考频分析 定语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句，间接影响答题效率）。在 语境综合类题目中，定语从句的关系词选择、限制性与非限制性的区分及省略情况往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·关系代词与关系副词：that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why的指代对象与句法功能 辨析； ·限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构区别（逗号使用）、语义差异及翻译要点； ·特殊用法：介词+关系代词结构、as与which引导定语从句的区别、先行词为way/tim e//situation等的 固定表达。 精讲精练 知识点一：定语从句的构成及分类 ·1.基本构成（先行词+关系词+从句） -先行词：被修饰的名词或代词（人物时间地点原因） 一关系词：连接主句和从句，指代先行词并在从句中作成分 *关系代词：who(指人，主/宾)、whom(指人，宾)、whose(指人物，定语)、which(指物，主/宾)、 that(指人物，主/宾) *关系副词：when(指时间，状语)、where(指地点，状语入、why(指原因，状语) -例句：口The girl who is reading is my sister..(who指人，作从句主语)口This is the book which I bought yesterday.(which指物，作从句宾语) ·2.限制性定语从句（不可省略，修饰限定先行词） 一特征：无逗号分隔，删除后影响主句意思完整性 -例句：口I like the teacher who is kind to students.(限定“喜欢的老师”范围)口This is the house that we visited last week.(限定“房子”的具体所指) ·3.非限制性定语从句（可省略，补充说明先行词） -特征：有逗号分隔，与主句关系松散，不能用that引导 -例句：口My mother,who is a doctor,,works in a hospital..(补充说明母亲职业)口We visited Paris, which is a beautiful city..(补充说明巴黎特点) 【即学即练】 1.【定语从句构成】定语从句的基本构成不包括以下哪项？ A.先行词 B.连接词 C.关系词 D.从句 2.【限制性定语从句】判断句子正误：I like the book,that you gave me yesterday.(正确填√，错误填×) 3.【非限制性定语从句】下列关于非限制性定语从句的描述错误的是？ A.有逗号与主句分隔 B.补充说明先行词，可省略 C.可以用that引导 D.与主句关系松散 4.【关系词判断】The girl_is standing there is my cousin..此处应填的关系词为？ A.which B.who C.where D.when 5.【定语从句类型】My father,is a worker,.often helps others.该句中定语从句属于 定语从 句。 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：关系词的选择与省略规则测 ·1.关系代词的选择（人物所属关系） 1.指人时的选择 -先行词指人，从句中作主语用who/that;作宾语用whom/who/that(口语中可用who代替whom, 作宾语时可省略)；作定语用whose。 一例句： *☐The man who/that spoke at the meeting is our headmaster..(作主语，指人) *The girl whom/who/that you met yesterday is my cousin.(作宾语，指人，可省略关系词) *口This is the student whose mother is a teacher..(作定语，指人) 2.指物时的选择 -先行词指物，从句中作主语或宾语用which/that;作定语用whose(可转换为“of which”结构)。 -例句： *口The book which/that lies on the desk is mine.(作主语，指物) *The story which/that she told us was very interesting.(作宾语，指物，可省略关系词) This is the house whose windows face south.(=This is the house the windows of which face south.作定语，指物) ·2.关系副词的选择（时间/地点原因） 1.when(时间先行词) -先行词为时间名词（如time,day,year等），从句中作时间状语用when(可转换为“介词+which” 结构)。 一例句： *I still remember the day when I first came to this school.(=I still remember the day on which I first came to this school. 2.where(地点先行词) -先行词为地点名词（如place,city,room等），从句中作地点状语用where(可转换为“介词+which” 结构) -例句： This is the factory where my father works.(=This is the factory in which my father works. 3.why(原因先行词) -先行词为reason,从句中作原因状语用why(可转换为“for which”结构)。 一例句： *The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(=The reason for which he was late is that he missed the bus. ·3.关系词的省略规则（仅适用于限制性定语从句） 1.关系代词作宾语时可省略 一当关系代词在从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语（介词位于句末时）时，可省略。 一例句： *☐The movie(which/that)e saw last night was exciting.(作动词saw的宾语，可省略) *口The pen(which/that)I write with is broken..(作介词with的宾语，介词位于句末，可省略) 2.关系副词不可省略 -关系副词when,where,why在从句中作状语，不可省略。 -例句： *☐''ll never forget the time when we spent together.(×,spent后缺宾语，应用关系代词which/that,, 此处应为I''ll never forget the time which/that we spent together..或I''ll never forget the time we spent together. *☐This is the place where we met for the first time.(V,where作地点状语，不可省略) ·4.只用that不用which的特殊情况 1.先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时 -例句： *This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard. *The first book that he read was "The Old Man and the Sea". 2.先行词为al,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时 一例句： *Everything that he said is true. *There is nothing that can stop us from studying hard. 3.先行词被the only,the very,the same等修饰时 一例句： *He is the only student that can speak French in our class *This is the very pen that I lost yesterday. 4.先行词既指人又指物时 一例句： We talked about the teachers and schools that we had visited. 知识点三：定语从句的难点与易错点辨析 ·1.关系代词与关系副词的区分（根据从句成分判断） 一判定方法：分析从句是否缺主语、宾语、定语，若缺则用关系代词；若不缺主宾定，且需补充时间地 点原因状语，则用关系副词。 -例句对比： *口This is the village where I was born.(从句主谓完整，born后缺地点状语→用where) *口This is the village which/that we visited last year..(从句visited后缺宾语→用关系代词，可省略) *OI''ll never forget the day when the accident happened.(从句happened后缺时i间状语→用when) *口''ll never forget the day(that/which)we spent together..(从句spent后缺宾语→用关系代词，可 省略) ·2.”介词+关系代词”结构（高考高频） -基本构成：介词+which/whom(先行词指物用which,指人用whom) 一介词选择依据： *D与先行词搭配：the house in which I live((live in the house) *口与从句谓语动词塔配：the girl with whom he talked(talk with the girl) *☐表示所属关系：the book the cover of which is red(whose cover=the cover of which) -例句： *This is the factory in which my father works.(=where,work in the factory) *The man about whom we talked is our new teacher.(talk about the man) *He lent me a dictionary,the help of which was great.(whose help=the help of which) ·3.as与which导非限制性定语从句的区别（高考易错） -口as引导时位置灵活（句首句中/句未），译为”正如”；which只能位于主句后 -例句： *口As we know,.English is important.(句首，”正如我们所知”) *English is important,as/which we know.(句末，as可换which) *口/hich we know,English is important.(which不可位于句首) -口as常用于固定搭配：as is known to all(众所周知)、as often happens(正如常发生的那样)、as we expected(正如我们预料的) -例句 *As is known to all,the earth moves around the sun. *He was late again,as often happens. ·4.分隔式定语从句（高考难点） 一特征：先行词与定语从句被其他成分隔开，需根据句意判断逻辑关系 一例句： *口The time will come when we meet again.(先行词time与从句被will come隔开) *口I was the only person in my office who was invited.(先行词person与从句被in my office隔开) *☐A new teacher will come tom orrow who will teach us English.(先行词teacher与从句被will come tomorrow隔开) ·5.定语从句与同位语从句的区别（易混点对比） 一口功能不同：定语从句修饰先行词(”…的”)；同位语从句解释先行词内容(”即…”) -口关系词作用不同：定语从句中关系词指代先行词并作成分；同位语从句中that无意义，不作成分 -例句对比： *口The news that he told me is true.(定语从句，that指代news作told宾语，可省略) *口The news that he won the game is true.(同位语从句，that解释news内容，不可省略) *☐Ve heard the fact which surprised everyone.(定语从句，which指代fact作主语) *We heard the fact that he had resigned.(同位语从句，that解释fact内容) 语法复习|英语」冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：关系代词与关系副词的选择 ·核心：根据从句是否缺主语、宾语或定语，判断使用关系代词；若不缺主宾定且需补充时间地点原因状 语，则使用关系副词 ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the school_I studied three years ago. -答案：where解析：从句“I studied”主谓完整，studied后缺地点状语，先行词school为地点名词， 故用关系副词where。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -I still remember the days-_we spent together in the countryside A.when B.where C.that D.why -答案：C解析：从句“we spent'”中spent后缺宾语，先行词days指物，需用关系代词that/which, 此处选项中只有that符合，故选C。 考法二：关系代词与关系副词的选择及省略规则侧应用 ·核心：分析定语从句中关系词所作成分，结合先行词类型及省略规侧则，选择正确的关系词或判断关系词 可否省略 ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the school_I studied three years ago. -答案：where解析：先行词为地点名词“school'”,从句|studied”主谓完整，studied后缺地点状 语，故用关系副词where。. ·真题2（单项选择）： -The book_he bought yesterday is very interesting. A.which B.where C.when D.why -答案：A解析：先行词为物“book”,从句“he bought”中bought后缺宾语，应用关系代词，选项中 只有which符合，且此处关系代词作宾语可省略，但选项中无省略情况，故选择A。 ·真题3（单句改错）： I'll never forget the day when we spent together. -答案：将when改为that/which或将when删除解析：从句“we spent together”中spent后缺宾语， 先行词“day”指物，应用关系代词that/which,关系代词作宾语时可省略，原句用关系副词when错 误。 考法三：定语从句关系词综合运用与辨析 ·核心：结合先行词特征、从句成分及特殊规则，综合判断关系代词副词的选择，区分限制性与非限制性 定语从句，掌握”介词+关系代词”结构 ·真题1（单项选择）： -This is the most interesting novel_I have ever read,-was written by Mo Yan. A.whichwhich B.that which C.that that D.which that -答案：B解析：第一空先行词被最高级"the most interesting'”修饰，关系代词只能用that;第二空为非 限制性定语从句，指代先行词novel且在从句中作主语，不能用that,需用which。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The reason_he was absent from class yesterday was_he had to take care of his sick mother in the hospital_is located in the center of the city. -答案：why that which/that解析：第一空先行词为reason,从句不缺主宾成分，需用关系副词why作 原因状语；第二空为表语从句引导词，从句成分完整且无疑问意义，用tht;第三空为限制性定语从 句，先行词hospital在从句中作主语，指物，可用which或that。 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 解题小妙招 定语从句关系词选择妙招 先行词，辨分明，从句成分是核心； 缺主宾定用代词，不缺状语句意清； 时间用when地点where,原因why常随行； that which指物用，人用who whom来分明； 最高级和有序数，that独用要记清； 非限制性定语句，逗号隔开which行； 介词加代要注意，whom which才可行； 关系代词作宾时，省略规则要运用。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.This is the museum _we visited last summer. A.where B.which C.when D.why 2.I still remember the day_I first met my English teacher. A.which B.that C.when D.where 3.The girl_hair is red comes from Canada. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 4.He is the only student_can solve this problem in our class. A.whom B.which C.who D.what 5.We talked about the actors and movies_we liked best. A.which B.that C.who D.whom 6.This is the reason_he refused to attend the meeting. A.why B.which C.when D.where 7.The book _cover is blue was written by Lu Xun. A.which B.whose C.that D.where 8.is known to all,the earth is round. A.Which B.As C.That D.What 9.I'll never forget the days_we spent together in the countryside. A.when B.where C.that D.why 10.The house _he lives is very big. A.which B.where C.that D.whom