12种基础时态与被动语态-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） Chapter112种基础时态与被动语态 考频分析 12种基础时态与被动语态是高中英语语法的重点内容，考频占语法总量的15%左右，涉及试卷多个核心 题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-4题)、语法填空(3-4题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子 时态准确性与语态合理性)。在语境理解类题目中，时态的时间状语提示、语态的逻辑主语关系及主谓 致往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对12种基础时态与被动语态的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·时态结构与特征：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将 来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时的构成形式、时 间状语标志及基本用法； ·被动语态转换：各时态被动语态的基本结构（含情态动词被动语态）、主动语态变被动语态的方法及注意 事项（如宾语补足语、双宾语的被动转换）； ·语境综合应用：结合上下文判断时态与语态的正确选用，时态的特殊用法（如一般现在时表将来、现在 进行时表计划等)及被动语态在不同语境中的语义表达。 精讲精练 知识点一：12种基础时态与被动语态 ·1.一般现在时 一主动语态：主语+动词原形第三人称单数形式（动词+s/es) -被动语态：主语+amis/are+动词过去分词 -例句：口She cleans the room every day.(主动)口The room is cleaned by her every day.(被动) ·2.一般过去时 一主动语态：主语+动词过去式 -被动语态：主语+was/were+动词过去分词 -例句：☐He finished the work yesterday.(主动)口The work was finished by him yesterday.(被动) ·3.一般将来时 -主动语态：主语+wil/shall+-动词原形或主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形 一被动语态：主语+will be+动词过去分词或主语+am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 -例句：口They will build a bridge next year.(主动)口A bridge will be built by them next year..(被动) ·4.现在进行时 -主动语态：主语+amis/are+动词现在分词 -被动语态：主语+amis/are+being+动词过去分词 -例句：口She is reading a book now.(主动)口A book is being read by her now.(被动) ·5.过去进行时 -主动语态：主语+was/were+动词现在分词 -被动语态：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词 -例句：☐They were playing football at4p.m.yesterday.(主动)☐Football was being played by them at4p.m.yesterday.(被动) ·6.将来进行时 -主动语态：主语+will be+动词现在分词 一被动语态：无（通常不常用将来进行时的被动语态） -例句：口I will be studying English this time tomorrow.(主动) ·7.现在完成时 一主动语态：主语+have/has.+动词过去分词 -被动语态：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词 -例句：口He has finished his homework.(主动)口His homework has been finished by him.(被动) ·8.过去完成时 -主动语态：主语+had+动词过去分词 -被动语态：主语+had been+动词过去分词 -例句：☐They had left before|arrived.(主动)口The room had been cleaned before|arrived.(被 动) ·9.将来完成时 -主动语态：主语+will have+动词过去分词 一被动语态：主语+will have been+动词过去分词 -例句：She will have learned10o0 words by the end of this month.(主动)☐1oo0 words will have been learned by her by the end of this month. ·10.一般过去将来时 -主动语态：主语+would+动词原形或主语+was/were going to-+动词原形 -被动语态：主语+would be+动词过去分词或主语+was/were going to be+动词过去分词 -例句：He said he would come tomorrow.(主动)口He said the work would be finished tomorrow. (被动) ·11.现在完成进行时 -主动语态：主语+have/has been+动词现在分词 一被动语态：无（通常不常用现在完成进行时的被动语态） -例句：☐She has been working here for5 years.(主动) ·12.过去完成进行时 -主动语态：主语+had been+动词现在分词 一被动语态：无（通常不常用过去完成进行时的被动语态） -例句：☐They had been waiting for2 hours before the bus came.(主动) 【即学即练】 1.【一般现在时被动】Many trees_(plant)in our city every year.. 2.【现在进行时被动】A new hospital_(build)in our town now. 3.【现在完成时Vs一般过去时】选择正确选项： A.She(live)in Shanghai for5 years..(现在仍住) B.She_(live)in Shanghai for5 years.(现在不住) (1)has lived;lived (2)lived;has lived (3)has lived;has lived (4)lived;lived 4.【情态动词被动】This work_(must finish)before5p.m.today. 5.【主动表被动】The cake_(taste)delicious.(用正确形式填空) 语法复习|英语」冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：时态与被动语态难点辨析 ·1.现在完成时Vs.一般过去时 一核心区别：现在完成时强调“过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在”，一般过去时仅表示“过去发生 且已结束的动作”。 一对比例句： *现在完成时：She has lived in Beijing for10 years.(她现在仍住在北京) *一般过去时：She lived in Beijing for10 years..(她现在不住在北京了) 一被动语态对比： *现在完成时被动：The project has been completed since last month.(项目从上个月至今已完成， 影响持续) *一般过去时被动：The project was completed last month.(项目仅上个月完成，动作已结束) ·2.过去进行时Vs.一般过去时 一核心区别：过去进行时强调“过去某时刻段正在进行的动作”，一般过去时强调“过去发生的短暂动 作或状态”。 -对比例句(when引导从句)： *过去进行时（主句）：I was cooking when the doorbell rang.(门铃响时，我正在做饭一做饭动作 被打断) *一般过去时（主句）：I cooked dinner when my parents came back.(父母回来后，我做了饭一做 饭是之后发生的完整动作) 一被动语态对比： *过去进行时被动：A song was being sung by her when I passed by.(我路过时，她正在唱歌) *一般过去时被动：A song was sung by her at the party.(她在派对上唱了一首歌) ·3.主动表被动的特殊情况 -感官动词(look,sound,smel,taste,feel)主动形式表被动意义： *The flower smells sweet.(花闻起来很香一“被闻到") *This cloth feels soft.(这块布摸起来很软-一“被触摸”) -不及物动词(happen,occur,take place)无被动语态： *错误：An accident was happened yesterday: *正确：An accident happened yesterday..(事故昨天发生了) -“be+形容词+todo”结构中不定式主动表被动： *The question is easy to answer.(这个问题容易被回答) *The book is interesting to read.(这本书读起来很有趣) ·4.将来时的三种表达及被动转换 -wido(客观将来临时决定)： *主动：He will help you.(他会帮你) *被动：You will be helped by him, -be going to do(计划/有迹象表明)： *主动：It is going to rain.(天要下雨了一有迹象) *被动：A party is going to be held here.(这里将举办派对一一计划) -be to do(按安排/命令的将来)： *主动：The meeting is to start at9a.m.(会议定于上午9点开始) *被动：The letter is to be sent tomorrow.(这封信明天必须寄出) ·5.现在完成进行时的主动用法（无被动） -结构：主语+have/has been+现在分词（强调动作从过去持续到现在，仍在进行） -时间标志词：for+时间段、since+时间点、recently(最近) 一例句： *She has been studying English for2 hours.(她已学英语2小时，现在还在学) *They have been waiting for the bus since7o'clock.(他们从7点等公交，现在还在等) -注意：不可用于被动语态，如不能说“English has been being studied by her?”。 ·6.时态呼应（主从复合句中的时态一致） 一主句为一般过去时，宾语从句用过去相关时态： *一般过去时：He said he finished the work.(他说他完成了工作) *过去进行时：She told me she was watching TV then.(她告诉我那时她在看电视) *过去完成时：They reported that the thief had run away..(他们报告小偷已经逃跑了一“逃跑”在 “报告”之前) 一客观真理/事实不受主句时态影响（用一般现在时）： *The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.(老师说地球绕太阳转一客观真理) 知识点三：情态动词与被动语态 ·1.can/could(能力/许可) -主动语态结构：主语+can/could+动词原形 一被动语态结构：主语+can/could be+动词过去分词 一例句对比： *主动：I can finish the task in an hour..(我能在一小时内完成任务) *被动：The task can be finished in an hour..(任务能在一小时内被完成) *过去时被动：This machine could be repaired yesterday..(这台机器昨天能被修好) ·2.may/might(许可可能性) -主动语态结构：主语+may/might-+动词原形 -被动语态结构：主语+may/might be+动词过去分词 一例句对比： *主动：You may use my dictionary..(你可以用我的字典) *被动：ly dictionary may be used by you.(我的字典可以被你使用) *可能性被动：The meeting might be canceled tomorrow.(会议明天可能被取消) ·3.must/have to(必须不得不) -主动语态结构：主语+must/have to+动词原形 -被动语态结构：主语+must be-+动词过去分词/主语+have/has to be+动词过去分词 一例句对比： *主动：e must follow the school rules.(我们必须遵守校规) *被动：The school rules must be followed by us.(校规必须被我们遵守) *客观需要被动：This work has to be done today.(这项工作今天不得不被完成) ·4.should/ought to(应该) -主动语态结构：主语+should/ought to-+动词原形 -被动语态结构：主语+should be+动词过去分词/主语+ought to be+动词过去分词 一例句对比： *主动：You should help your parents.(你应该帮助父母) *被动：Your parents should be helped by you.(父母应该被你帮助) *ought to被动：More attention ought to be paid to safety.(应该更注意安全) ·5.need(需要) -主动语态结构：主语+need+动词原形（实义动词） -被动语态结构：主语+need to be+动词过去分词/主语+need+动词-ing形式（主动表被动） -例句对比： *实义动词主动：He needs to buy a new book.(他需要买本新书) *被动结构1：The house needs to be cleaned.(房子需要被打扫) *被动结构2：The house needs cleaning.(房子需要打扫一主动表被动) ·6.情态动词的推测用法（无被动） -must have done(对过去肯定推则)：She must have finished the work.(她一定完成了工作) -can't have done(对过去否定推测)：He can't have taken your pen.(他不可能拿了你的笔) -may/might have done(对过去可能推测)：They might have arrived home.(他们可能已经到家了) ·7.情态动词被动语态的否定与疑问 -否定结构：情态动词+not+be+过去分词 -例句：The exam must not be cheated on.(考试禁止作弊) -疑问结构：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词 -例句：Can this problem be solved easily'?(这个问题能被轻易解决吗？) -特殊疑问：How should the machine be operated?(这台机器应该如何操作？) ·8.易混淆点辨析 -mustn't(禁止)vs.needn't(不必) *禁止被动：Smoking mustn't be allowed here.(这里禁止吸烟) *不必被动：This report needni't be submitted today..(报告不必今天提交) -can(能力)vs.be able to(经过努力的能力) *能力被动：The heavy box can be lifted by him.(他能搬动重箱子) *努力结果被动：The difficult task was able to be completed with help.(困难任务在帮助下得以完成) 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：被动语态结构识别 ·核心：根据主动句的时态，判断并转换为正确的被动语态结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： -Many trees_(plant)in our city every spring. -答案：are planted解析：由时间标志词“every spring”可知用一般现在时；主语“trees”与“plant” 为被动关系，一般现在时被动语态结构为“amis/are+过去分词”，主语为复数，故填are planted。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The homeworkby Tom an hour ago. A.finishes B.finished C.was finished D.has finished -答案：C解析：由时间标志词“an hour ago”可知用一般过去时；主语“hom ework”与“finish”为 被动关系，一般过去时被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语为单数，故选C。 考法二：时态与被动语态转换 ·核心：根据主动语态句子提示，结合时态特征，转换为正确的被动语态形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The workers _(build)a new hospital in our city.It _(complete)next month -答案：are building;will be completed解析：第一空由语境可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时主动语 态”are building”;第二空由”next month”可知为将来时，医院被完成，用一般将来时被动语态”wibe completed"。 ·真题2（单项选择）： Many trees _in the park last year. A.plant B.planted C.were planted D.are planted -答案：C解析：由时间标志词”last year'”可知为一般过去时，树被种植，用一般过去时被动语态"were planted"。 考法三：时态、情态动词与被动语态的综合运用 ·核心：结合语境判断时态与情态动词，正确使用被动语态结构（情态动词+b+过去分词/时态助动词 +be+过去分词) ·真题1（单项选择）： -This old bridge_by workers for safety checks since last month.It_to the public until next year. A.has inspected;won't be opened B.has been inspected;isn't opened C.has been being inspected;won't be opened D.was inspected;isn't being opened 一答案：C解析：第一空由时间标志词“since last month”可知用现在完成时，主语“bridge”是动作 “inspect'”的承受者，且强调动作持续进行，需用现在完成进行时被动语态“has been being inspected”; 第二空“until next year”表将来，主语“it”与“open”是被动关系，用一般将来时被动语态“won't be opened”。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The meeting room_(must clean)before the guests arrive tomorrow.All the preparations_(finish) by 5 p.m.yesterday. -答案：must be cleaned;had been finished解析：第一空“must”后接被动语态结构“be+过去分 词”，即“must be cleaned'”;第二空由时间标志词“by5p.m.yesterday”可知用过去完成时，主语 “preparations”与“finish”是被动关系，故填“had been finished”。 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记“主谓”，被动必带“be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动“am/is/are”,一过被动“was/were”; 进行被动要用being”,完成被动“have/has/had been”; 将来被动“wibe”,情态被动“情态+be”; 最后加上一个done,综合运用不犯浑。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The Olympic Games__every four years. A.hold B.held C.are held D.were held 2.By the time we arrived,the meeting_for 10 minutes. A.has begun B.had begun C.has been on D.had been on 3.A new library_in our school now.It-next September. A.is built;will open B.is being built;will be opened C.was built;opens D.has built;is opened 4.This song-beautiful.Who_it by? A.sounds;was written B.is sounded;wrote C.sounds;wrote D.is sounded;was written