所有代词系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（冀教版）

ENGL凵ISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1所有代词系统复习 考频分析 所有代词系统复习是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单 项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、短文改错1-2题。在语境理解类题目中，代词的指代 一致性、人称代词与物主代词的辨析以及不定代词的用法往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对所有代词系统的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·人称代词：主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词的形式辨析及句法功能（作主 语、宾语、定语等)： ·指示代词与不定代词：this/that/these/those的指代范围，some/any/no/many/much/few/little/both/either/neither/all/ead 的语义区别与搭配规则； ·关系代词与连接代词：that/which/who/whom/whose引导定语从句的用法，what/who/which/how在名词 性从句中作主语、宾语、表语的功能。 精讲精练 知识点一：代词的分类及基础用法 ·人称代词（指代人或事物，分主格和宾格） -主格（作主语）：l/you/he/.she/it/we/you/they -宾格（作宾语）：me/you/him/her/it/.us/you/them -例句：口She is a student..(主格作主语)口I saw him yesterday.(宾格作宾语) ·物主代词（表示所属关系，分形容词性和名词性） -形容词性（后接名词）：my/your/his/her/its/our/your/their -名词性（独立使用，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”）：mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/yours/theirs -例句：口This is my book.(形容词性物主代词+名词)口The red one is mine.(名词性物主代词独立 使用)》 ·反身代词（指代主语本身，强调“自己”） -常见形式：m yself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/them selves -例句：口He taught himself English.(强调主语“他自己")口e should believe in ourselves.(强调 主语“我们自己”) ·指示代词（指示人或事物） -单数：this(近指)that(远指) -复数：these(近指)hose(远指) -例句：口This is a pen.(近指单数)口Those are apples.(远指复数) ·不定代词（指代不确定的人或事物） -常见不定代词：some/any/no/many/much/few/little/each/every/both/all/one/other/another/som ething/anything/notr -例句：口I have some books.(肯定句中“一些”)☐Is there any water in the glass?(疑问句中“一 些”)口Everyone should follow the rules.(指“每个人") ·疑问代词（用于构成疑问句，询问人或事物） -常见疑问代词：who(谁，指人)whom(谁，宾格)whose(谁的，表所属)wht(什么，指物) which(哪一个，指人或物) -例句：口ho is that girl?(询问人，作主语)口Whose bag is this？(询问所属关系)口hat do you Iike？(询问事物) 语法复习|英语|冀数版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：代词的特殊用法及易错点 ·人称代词的格变化及一致性 1.主格与宾格的特殊场景 -在than/as比较状语从句中，若从句省略谓语，主格宾格均可，但正式语境用主格：She is taller than l/me.(I更正式) -单独使用或回答问题时，常用宾格：一ho broke the window?一Me, 2.主谓一致 -人称代词作主语时，谓语动词需与主语人称和数一致：We are students.He works hard. ·物主代词的指代与替代 1.避免重复 -名词性物主代词可替代前文提到的名词，避免重复：My pen is red,and hers is blue.(hers=her pen) 2.双重所有格 -结构：of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格，表示“部分”或“特定范围”：a friend of mine(我的一 个朋友)this book of Tom's(汤姆的这本书) ·反身代词的固定搭配与语法功能 1.固定搭配 -enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、help oneself to(随便吃/用)、teach oneself(自学)、by oneself(独自) -例句：She taught herself to swim.Help yourself to some fruit. 2.语法功能 -作宾语（强调动作执行者本身）：He hurt himself.. -作同位语（加强语气）：I myself did it..(=I did it myself) ·指示代词的替代与比较 1.替代前文内容 -this/that可替代前文提到的单数名词或句子，his指代下文内容，that指代上文内容：He said he would come,and this/that is good news.(this指“他会来”这件事) 2.比较结构中的替代 -that/those可替代前文提到的不可数名词或复数名词，避免重复：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(that weather)/The books here are more interesting than those in the library.(those替代books) ·不定代词的用法区别 1.some/any -some用于肯定句、表示委婉请求的疑问句（希望得到肯定回答）：Nould you like some tea？ -any用于否定句、疑问句、条件句：Idon't have any money../If you have any questions,ask me, 2.few/a few/little/a little -fewla few修饰可数名词，few表“几乎没有”（否定），afew表“一些”（肯定）：He has few friends.. There are a few apples left. -little/a little修饰不可数名词，little表“几乎没有”（否定），a little表“一些”（肯定）：There is little water in the bottle./I have a little time. 3.each/every -each强调个体，可作主语、宾语、定语，可用于两者或两者以上；every强调整体，只能作定语， 用于三者或三者以上 -例句：Each student has a book.(主语)Every student should study hard.(定语) ·疑问代词的句法功能与答语规则测 1.句法功能 -who作主语、表语，whom作宾语（☐语中可用who代替whom):Who is coming?(主语）/ hom/who did you meet?(宾语) -whose作定语或表语：Whose book is this?(定语)/The bag is whose?(表语，☐语) 2.答语规则 -疑问代词what询问职业时，用“主语+be+职业名词”回答：一What is your father?一He is a doctor -which用于选择范围，回答时用具体选项：一Which color do you like,red or blue?一Red. 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 知识点三：代词的高考难点及综合应用 ·不定代词的深层辨析 -高考高频易混点： none/no one/nothing ·none指代人/物，强调数量，可接of短语，回答how many/much:一How many books are left? -None ·no one仅指人，不可接of短语，回答who:一ho is in the room？一No one. ·nothing指物，回答what:-What did you see？一Nothing each/every/anyone/any one each强调个体，可作主语/宾语/定语，指两者或以上：Each of the students has a dictionary.. every强调整体，仅作定语，指三者或以上：Every child likes candies. ·anyone指人，不定代词，不可接of:Anyone can join the club. ·any one指人或物，可接of:Any one of the books is interesting: ·关系代词与连接代词 一高考语法填空必考点： *关系代词（引导定语从句） who/whom/whose:指人，who作主语/宾语，whom作宾语，whose表所属：The girl who is singing is my sister./The man whom you met is a teacher./This is the house whose windows are broken. ·which/that:指物，that可指人或物，先行词为不定代词/最高级/序数词时用that:The book which/that I bought is useful./This is the first lesson that we leamed *连接代词（引导名词性从句） ·what:指物，在从句中作主语/宾语/表语：What he said is true.(主语从句，what作宾语)|dont know what he wants.(宾语从句，what作宾语) ·who/whom/whose/which:用法同关系代词，引导主语/宾语/表语同位语从句：ho will go there hasn't been decided.(主语从句)/The question is which book we should choose.(表语从句) ·代词的替代与省略 一高考书面表达优化技巧： *避免重复替代 ·用it指代前文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，they/them指代复数名词：I have a pen.tis red./These are apples.They are sweet ·用one/ones替代前文提到的可数名词，表泛指：I need a new pen.This one is too old.I like red apples better than green ones. *固定句型中的省略 祈使句中省略主语you:Open the door,please 比较状语从句中省略与主句相同的成分：He runs faster than I(run).She is taller than her sister (is). ·代词的语境应用 一高考阅读理解推理题关键： *指代关系判断 ·识别it/they/them/this/that等代词在上下文中的具体指代对象，如：The government has passed a new law.It will take effect next month.(it a new law) *语境词义推测 ·根据不定代词some/any/other/another等在语境中的搭配和逻辑关系推测句意，如：Some stu- dents like music,while others prefer sports.(others other students) ·高考真题演练（语法填空改错） -典型例题解析： *语法填空：He is a friend of._(I).(答案：mine,双重所有格of+名词性物主代词) *短文改错：My mother told me that the earth moves around sun.(修改：在sun前加the,世界上 独一无二的事物前加定冠词the,此处为代词相关的冠词搭配易错点) *语法填空：Lis important for us to learn teamwork.(答案：t,t作形式主语，真正主语是to learn teamwork) 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：物主代词的用法辨析 ·核心：区分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，根据语境判断是否后接名词或独立使用 ·真题1（语法填空）： This is not my pen.-is blue. -答案：Mine解析：空格后无名词，需用名词性物主代词独立使用，mine相当于my pen。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -一Is thisbook? --No,it isn't.is in the bag. A.your;My B.yours;Mine C.your;Mine D.yours;My -答案：C解析：第一空后有名词book,用形容词性物主代词your;第二空后无名词，用名词性物主代 词Mine。 考法二：物主代词与双重所有格的综合应用 ·核心：结合物主代词的分类及基础用法，掌握双重所有格的结构”o+名词性物主代词/名词所有格”，并 能在语境中正确运用以避免重复和表达特定范围 ·真题1（语法填空）： -This is a photo of(she)family.Look!The girl in red is_. -答案：her;her解析：第一个空后有名词family,需用形容词性物主代词her;第二个空后无名词，独 立使用，根据句意“穿红衣服的女孩是她”，用宾格her(此处易混淆为名词性物主代词hers,hers相 当于her family,不符合语境)。 ·真题2（单项选择）： --Is this pencil box Lucy's? --No,it's not_.It's a friend of A.her;mine B.hers;me C.hers;mine D.her;me -答案：C解析：第一个空后无名词，需用名词性物主代词hers表示“她的铅笔盒”；第二个空考查双 重所有格“of+名词性物主代词”，a friend of mine表示“我的一个朋友”，mine为名词性物主代词， 符合语法规则。 考法三：代词的综合辨析与语境应用 ·核心：结合人称代词格变化、不定代词区别及关系代词用法，在语境中准确判断代词形式及指代对象 ·真题1（单项选择）： My sister has two cats._of them likes staying indoors,so she often takes_out to play. A.Both;them B.Neither;it C.None;them D.Either;it -答案：B解析：第一空由“likes”(第三人称单数)可知主语为单数，排除A(both后接复数谓语)和 C(none指三者及以上)；第二空指代前文“two cats'”,且由“takes out'”可知需用宾格复数them, 但结合前半句“neither of them”(两只都不)，此处“takes out'”的逻辑宾语实际为“neither'”(单 数)，用t替代避免重复，故选B。 ·真题2（语法填空）： The little girl_mother is a doctor always helps others.She says helping others makes-feel happy. -答案：whose;herself解析：第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the little girl'”,表“她的母亲”，用 关系代词whose;第二空强调“她自己”，反身代词作宾语，主语为she,对应反身代词herself。. 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 解题小妙招 物主代词用法妙招 物主代词分两种，形容名词性要记清； 形容性后接名词，名词性独立能独行； 双重所有格结构，o叶加名代或名所有； 指代对象看语境，避免重复和混淆。 代词综合辨析妙招 人称代词看格位，主格宾格要配对； 不定代词辨单复，both两者neither无； none用于三者上，either任一单数跟； 关系代词找先行，whose表所属要分明； 反身代词强调己，主语宾语要一致。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is not my dictionary._is on the desk. A.My B.Mine C.Me D.I 2.-Who taughtEnglish last year? 3.-Nobody.He learned it by_. A.him:himself B.his;him C.he;himself D.him;him 4.The weather in Harbin is colder than_in Guangzhou in winter. A.this B.that C.it D.one 5.-Would you like _coffee? 6.-Yes,please.And give me_sugar,too A.some;any B.any;some C.some;some D.any;any 7._of the two books is interesting.I want to buy both A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.All 8.My parents are teachers.-work in the same school. A.He B.She C.They D.Them 9.The girl_is standing under the tree is my classmate. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose 10.__is important for us to keep healthy. A.This B.That C.It D.What 11.I have two pens.One is red,and _is blue. A.other B.another C.the other D.others 12.-did you go to the park with yesterday?