非谓语动词系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（冀教版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） Chapter1非谓语动词系统复习 考频分析 非谓语动词是高中英语词法的核心模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选 择2-3题、完形填空34题、语法填空23题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子完整性与准确性。在语 境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑主语及句法功能往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中对非谓语动词的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·形式与句法功能：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done)作主语、 宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的辨别与运用； ·时态与语态：非谓语动词的一般式、完成式(to have done/having done/having been done)及被动式 (to be done/being done/.done)的语境匹配； ·固定搭配与区分：接不定式与动名词的动词/短语辨析（如want to do/enjoy doing),分词作状语与独立 主格结构的区别，非谓语动词与从句的转换。 精讲精练 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 ·动词不定式(to+动词原形，有时可省略to)》 一功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 -例句：To learn English well is important.(作主语)He wants to buy a new bike.(作宾语)☐Her hobby is to dance..(作表语)I have a lot of work to do.(作定语)She came here to see me.(作 目的状语)口My mother asked me to clean the room.(作宾语补足语) ·动名词（动词ing,具有名词性质） 一功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 -例句：☐Swimming is good for health.(作主语)He enjoys playing basketball.(作宾语)DHer favorite sport is running..(作表语)☐There is a reading room in our school.(作定语) ·分词（分为现在分词和过去分词）》 一现在分词（动词+ing,表主动或进行）》 *功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 *例句：口The running water is clean.(作定语，表主动)口They came into the room,laughing and talking.(作状语，表伴随)口The film is very interesting.(作表语，表事物特征)☐I heard her singing in the room.(作宾语补足语，表主动进行) -过去分词（动词+ed,表被动或完成） *功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 *例句：The broken window needs to be repaired.(作定语，表被动完成)Seen from the hill,, the city looks beautiful.(作状语，表被动)口He is interested in English.(作表语，表人的感受)口 Ve should keep the door closed.(作宾语补足语，表被动状态) 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的时态与语态及固定搭配 ·动词不定式的时态与语态 1.一般式（表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或之后发生） -主动：todo -例句：She hopes to study abroad next year.(希望明年发生，之后发生) -被动：to be done -例句：The work is to be finished by Friday..(工作将在周五前被完成) 2.进行式（表示动作与谓语动词同时正在进行） -主动：to be doing -例句：He seems to be reading in the library now.(似乎此刻正在读书，同时进行) 3.完成式（表示动作发生在谓语动词之前） -主动：to have done -例句：'m sorry to have kept you waiting.(让你等发生在抱歉之前) -被动：to have been done -例句：The project is reported to have been completed last month.(报道称项目上月已完成，完成 在报道前) ·动名词的时态与语态 1.一般式（表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或泛指习惯性动作） -主动：doing -例句：I enjoy listening to music.(习惯性动作，无时间差) -被动：being done -例句：He hates being laughed at in public.(讨厌被当众嘲笑，被动动作与hates同时) 2.完成式（表示动作发生在谓语动词之前） -主动：having done -例句：Having finished homework,he went out to play..(完成作业后才出去玩，先于went) -被动：having been done -例句：Having been invited to the party,she felt very happy..(被邀请后感到开心，先于felt) ·非谓语动词的固定搭配 1.只能接不定式作宾语的动词(want,hope,decide,manage,refuse等) -例句：They decided to take a walk after dinner.(decide to do sth.) 2.只能接动名词作宾语的动词(enjoy,.avoid,.mind,practice,finish等) -例句：She practices playing the piano every day.(practice doing sth.) 3.接不定式或动名词意义不同的动词(stop,remember,.forget,,regret等) -例句：-He stopped to rest..(停下（正在做的事）去休息，stop to do sth.)-He stopped smoking. (停止吸烟，stop doing sth.) 知识点三：非谓语动词的句法功能对比及解题技巧 ·作定语时的区别 1.不定式(todo):表将来或未完成的动作，与被修饰词构成逻辑动宾关系 -例句：I have a letter to write this evening.(信尚未写，write的逻辑宾语是letter) 2.现在分词(doig):表主动且正在进行的动作，与被修饰词构成逻辑主谓关系 -例句：The girl reading a novel is my sister.(girl主动发出read动作，动作正在进行) 3.过去分词(done):表被动或已完成的动作，与被修饰词构成逻辑动宾关系 -例句：The books written by Mo Yan are popular..(books被write,动作已完成) ·作状语时的区别 1.不定式(todo):常表目的、结果或原因（仅作原因时位于表情感的形容词后） -目的：He got up early to catch the first bus..(早起为了赶车) -结果：She hurried to the station only to find the train had left.(匆忙赶到却发现火车已走) -原因：P'm glad to see you.(见到你所以高兴) 2.现在分词(doig):表主动、伴随或与谓语动作同时发生的动作 -主动：Valking in the park,she met an old friend.(she主动wak,与met同时发生) -伴随：They sat there,chatting happily.(chat伴随sat发生) 3.过去分词(done):表被动或动作先于谓语动作完成 -被动：Seen from the top,the city looks more beautiful.(city被see,与looks同时) -完成：Frightened by the noise,she cried.(被吓到后才哭，frightened先于cried) ·非谓语动词的逻辑主语 1.不定式逻辑主语：for sb.todo(表动作执行者) -例句：lt's necessary for us to learn teamwork.(us是learn的逻辑主语) 2.动名词逻辑主语：名词所有格形容词性物主代词+doing -例句：Tom's winning the game made us excited.(Tom是win的逻辑主语) 3.分词逻辑主语：句子主语必须是分词动作的执行者或承受者 -正t确：Hearing the news,she jumped with joy.(she是hear的执行者) -错误：Hearing the news,her eyes filled with tears.(her eyes不能执行hear动作) ·高频易错题对比训练 1.t填空：一(finish)the task,we had a short rest.(答案：Having finished) -解析：finish动作先于had发生，用现在分词完成式表主动完成 2.单选：The teacher asked us一(not talk)in class..(答案：not to talk) -解析：ask sb.not to do sth.固定搭配，不定式否定在to前加not 3.翻译：被父母鼓励后，他决定参加比赛。（答案：Encouraged by his parents,he decided to take part in the competition. -解析：“被鼓励”表被动且先于decided,用过去分词作状语 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 考法一：非谓语动词作定语的形式选择 ·核心：根据被修饰词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作发生的时间（正在进行将来已完成）， 选择不定式、现在分词或过去分词作定语 ·真题1（语法填空）： The girl-(read)a novel under the tree is my best friend. -答案：reading解析：被修饰词“girl”与“read”构成逻辑主谓关系（主动），且动作正在进行，用现 在分词作定语。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -I have a lot of homework-tonight. A.do B.doing C.to do D.done -答案：C解析：“hom ework”与“do”构成逻辑动宾关系，且动作尚未发生（表将来），用不定式作 定语。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语的综合判断 ·核心：根据被修饰词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作时间（将来进行完成），选择不定式、 现在分词或过去分词作定语 ·真题1（语法填空）： -We have a lot of problems _(solve)today.Let's start right now. -答案：to solve解析：problems与sole构成逻辑动宾关系（解决问题），且动作尚未发生（今天要解 决)，用不定式todo作定语表将来未完成的动作。 ·真题2（完形填空）： The students _(discuss)the question now are from Class Three. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.discuss -答案：A解析：students与discuss构成逻辑主谓关系（学生主动讨论），且时间标志词“now”表明 动作正在进行，用现在分词doing作定语表主动进行。 考法三：非谓语动词的综合辨析与运用 ·核心：结合时态、语态及句法功能，判断非谓语动词的正确形式，掌握不定式、动名词、分词的区别及 固定搭配 ·真题1（单项选择）： --the homework,he went to watch TV. A.Finishing B.Finished C.Having finished D.To finish -答案：C解析：“完成作业”发生在“去看电视”之前，且主语he”与“iish”是主动关系，需用 现在分词完成式“Having finished”表主动且先于谓语动作。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -She decided_(study)abroad after graduation.The plan_(make)last month needs careful prepa- ration. -答案：to study;made解析：第一空“decide”后接不定式作宾语，填“to study”;第二空“plan”与 “make”是被动关系，且动作已完成，用过去分词“made”作定语表被动完成。 解题小妙招 非谓作定妙招 主谓关系看主动，动宾关系表被动； 动作时间要分明，将来用to进行ing; 完成多用过去分，逻辑关系是核心； 主谓主动看进行，动宾被动已完成； 固定搭配需牢记，综合辨析准又稳。 语法复习|英语|冀教版 ENGL凵ISH-语法复习系列资料（冀教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The teacher asked us_late for class again. A.don't be B.not be C.not to be D.not being 2._the difficult problem,he felt very proud of himself. A.Solving B.Solved C.Having solved D.To solve 3.I rememberthe door before I left,but it's open now. A.to lock B.locking C.lock D.locked 4.The book_by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.writing B.written C.to write D.write 5.She stopped_when the teacher came into the classroom. A.to talk B.talking C.talk D.talked 6.English well,we need to practice every day. A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Learned 7.He enjoys __music while doing homework. A.listen to B.listening to C.to listen to D.listened to 8.The project__next month will improve our city's traffic. A.to complete B.completing C.completed D.to be completed 9.in the rain for an hour,he caught a bad cold. A.Standing B.Stood C.Having stood D.To stand 10.My parents advised me-part in after-school activities. A.take B.taking C.to take D.taken 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.I have a meeting_(attend)this afternoon,so I can't go shopping with you. 2.-(see)from the top of the mountain,the lake looks like a blue mirror. 3.She is interested in_(collect)stamps from different countries. 4.The students are busy_(prepare)for the coming exam these days. 5.(not make)the same mistake again,he took notes carefully. 6.The film_(direct)by Zhang Yimou is very popular with young people. 7.I'm sorry_(keep)you waiting for such a long time. 8.-(finish)his homework,Tom went out to play basketball with his friends 9.The machine_(produce)in this factory sells well all over the world. 10.He pretended_(read)when his mother came into his room. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Many young people dream of_(become)famous social media influencers.They spend hours_(create) content,hoping_(attract)more followers.However,(build)a successful online career is not easy. Last year,Lisa decided_(quit)her office job to focus on her social media account.At first,she strug- gled_(balance)creativity and popularity.She tried_(post)different types of videos,but none worked. -(feel)discouraged,she almost gave up. Then,she met a mentor who taught her the importance of_(understand)her audience.Inspired by this advice,Lisa started_(share)stories about her daily life.Soon,her followers grew rapidly.Now,she is happy_(have turned)her hobby into a career. 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.C2.C3.B4.B5.B6.C7.B8.D9.C10.C 演练二：填空试题 1.to attend 2.Seen 3.collecting 4.preparing 5.Not to make 6.directed 7.to have kept 8.Having finished 9.produced 10.to be reading 演练三：语法填空 1.becoming 2.creating 3.to attract 4.building 5.to quit 6.to balance 7.posting 8.Feeling 9.understanding 10.to have turned 语法复习|英语|冀教版