主谓一致系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（北师大版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） Chapter1主谓一致系统复习 考频分析 主谓一致是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的10%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子结构的正确性与 逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的单复数形式、特殊句式及意义一致原侧往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对主谓一致的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础规则与特殊用法： ·语法一致原则：主语单复数形式与谓语动词单复数形式的对应（如不可数名词、单数可数名词作主语时 谓语用单数，复数名词作主语时谓语用复数)； ·意义一致原侧：根据主语所表达的实际意义确定谓语动词单复数（如集体名词强调整体时谓语用单数， 强调个体时用复数；表示时间、距离、金额的复数名词作主语时视为整体用单数)； ·特殊结构一致：主谓一致的特殊句式与固定搭配（如“there be”句型中be动词与最近主语一致；“eir ther.or.”“neither..nor.”连接主语时谓语与就近主语一致；“with/along with”等短语连接主语时谓 语与前面主语一致)。 精讲精练 知识点一：主谓一致的基本原则 ·1.语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语单复数） -单数主语（第三人称单数不可数名词/单数代词）→谓语用单数（加-sl-es) -例句：口She plays the piano every day.(第三人称单数主语She,谓语play加-s)口Water is important for life.(不可数名词Water作主语，谓语用is) -复数主语（名词复数/复数代词）→谓语用原形（第三人称复数不加-s) -例句：口They study hard at school.(复数主语They,谓语study用原形)These books belong to me.(复数名词books作主语，谓语用原形belong) ·2.意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语形式） 一集合名词表整体（视为单数）→谓语用单数 一例句：The team is winning the game.(team表整体“队伍”，谓语用is) -集合名词表成员（视为复数）→谓语用复数 -例句：The team are discussing their plan..(team表成员“队员们”，谓语用are) 一单复数同形名词（根据语境意义判断） -例句：口This fish swims fast..(指一条鱼，单数意义，谓语用swims)口These fish live in the river. (指多条鱼，复数意义，谓语用Iive) ·3.就近一致原则（并列主语中靠近谓语的主语决定单复数） -常见结构：either...or../neither..nor.not only..but also./there be句型 -例句：口Either you or he has the key.(靠近谓语的he为单数，谓语用has)口There is a book and two pens on the desk.(靠近谓语的a book为单数，谓语用is) -例外：there be句型中be动词与第一个名词一致 -例句：There are two pens and a book on the desk.(第一个名词two pens为复数，谓语用are) 【即学即练】 1.【语法-致原则】The girl_(read)books every day..请填写正确的谓语形式： 2.【意义一致原则】"The family_(be)watching TV”中，family表成员时，be动词应填： A.is B.are C.was D.were 3.【就近一致原则】Neither he nor I._(be)late for school today.此处be动词应填： A.am B.is C.are D.was 4.【there be句型】There_a pen and two books on the desk.此处be动词应填： A.is B.are C.was D.were 5.【集合名词用法】集体名词表整体时谓语动词用 数，强调个体时用 数。 语法复习」英语北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 知识点二：特殊主语的主谓一致规则测 ·1.并列主语的主谓一致 1.由and连接的并列主语 -表不同主体（复数）→谓语用复数 -例句：Tom and Jerry are good friends.(Tom和Jerry是两个不同的人，谓语用are) -表同一概念/整体（单数）→谓语用单数 -例句：A knife and fork is used for eating.(刀叉是一套餐具，视为整体，谓语用is) 2.由with/along with/together with连接的主语 -谓语与前面的主语一致（就远原则） -例句：The teacher along with her students is visiting the museum.(主语是the teacher,谓语用 is) ·2.不定代词作主语的主谓一致 1.单数意义不定代词（谓语用单数） -常见代词：each,every,either,,neither,someone,anyone,no one,everyone,something,anything, nothing,everything -例句：口Everyone in the class has a dictionary..(everyone表单数，谓语用has)口Nothing is impossible.(nothing表单数，谓语用is) 2.复数意义不定代词（谓语用复数） -常见代词：both,few,several,,many -例句：☐Both of the answers are correct.(both表复数，谓语用are)□Few people know the truth, (few表复数，谓语用know) 3.单复数意义视语境而定的不定代词（根据指代内容判断） -常见代词：all,some,any,none,most -例句：口All of the water is cold..(al指代不可数名词water,谓语用is)口All of the books are new. (a指代复数名词books.,谓语用are) ·3.”the+形容词”作主语的主谓一致 1.表一类人（复数）→谓语用复数 -例句：The old are taken good care of in this community..(the old指老年人这一类人，谓语用are) 2.表抽象概念（单数）→谓语用单数 -例句：The beautiful is not always the same as the good.(the beautifu指抽象的“美”，谓语用is) ·4.数词、分数、百分数作主语的主谓一致 1.数词作主语 -表具体数字（单数）→谓语用单数 -例句：Three hundred dollars is a lot for me.(三百美元视为整体，谓语用is) 一表多个个体（复数）→谓语用复数 -例句：Two of the students were absent yesterday.(two指代复数名词students,谓语用were) 2.分数百分数+of+名词（谓语与of后的名词一致） -例句：口One third of the apple is eaten.(of后是单数名词apple,谓语用is)口Two fifths of the books are mine.(of后是复数名词books,谓语用are)口70%of the water has been used up.(of 后是不可数名词water,谓语用has) ·5.从句作主语的主谓一致 1.单个从句作主语（谓语用单数） -例句：What he said is very important.(what引导的主语从句视为单数，谓语用is) 2.多个并列从句作主语（表不同意义时谓语用复数） -例句：/hat he did and what he said are quite different.(两个并列从句表不同内容，谓语用are) 知识点三：其他特殊结构的主谓一致规则 ·1.以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致 1.学科名词（单数）→谓语用单数 -例句：Mathematics is my favorite subject.(数学是我最喜欢的学科) 2.疾病名称（单数）→谓语用单数 -例句：Measles is a contagious disease..(麻疹是一种传染病) 3.游戏名称（单数）→谓语用单数 -例句：Billiards is popular in many countries.(台球在许多国家很流行) 4.复数意义名词（复数）→谓语用复数 -例句：The scissors are on the table.(剪刀在桌子上) ·2.时间、距离、金钱作主语的主谓一致 1.表整体概念（单数）→谓语用单数 -例句：Ten years is a long time.(十年是很长的时间) 2.表多个个体（复数）→谓语用复数 -例句：Three miles are covered in an hour..(一小时走了三英里) ·3.there be句型的主谓一致 1.就近原则→谓语与靠近的名词一致 -例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk.(桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔) 2.多个并列主语→谓语与第一个名词一致 -例句：There are two pens and a book on the desk.(桌子上有两支钢笔和一本书) ·4.定语从句中的主谓一致 1.先行词是单数→从句谓语用单数 -例句：The book that is on the desk is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的) 2.先行词是复数→从句谓语用复数 -例句：The books that are on the desk are mine.(桌子上的那些书是我的) 3.先行词是集合名词→视具体情况而定 -例句：The team that is playing well will win.(表现好的那个队会赢) -例句：The team who are wearing red shirts are from China.(穿着红色衬衫的队员们来自中国) ·5.强调句中的主谓一致 1.强调主语→谓语与被强调的主语一致 -例句：It is I who am responsible for this.(是我对此负责) -例句：It is they who are to blame.(是他们该受责备) ·6.虚拟语气中的主谓一致 1.与现在事实相反→从句谓语用过去式(be动词用were) -例句：If I were you,I would study harder.(如果我是你，我会更努力学习) 2.与过去事实相反→从句谓语用had done -例句：If I had studied harder,,I would have passed the exam.(如果我当时更努力学习，我就通过 考试了) 3.与将来事实相反→从句谓语用should do/were to do/did -例句：If it should rain tomorrow,we would stay at home.(如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里) ·解题小妙招 一语法一致是基础，主谓单复要统一； -集合名词看含义，整体单数成员复； -the+形容词指人时，复数谓语莫忘记； -并列主语就近看，not only..-but also是关键； -more than one接单数，谓语单数莫迟疑； -分数百分数作主语，of后名词定单复； -the rest指代要分清，不可数名词用单数； 一综合运用三原则，细心判断准没错。 语法复习|英语|北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 考法一：语法一致原则的应用 ·核心：根据主语的单复数形式，直接匹配谓语动词的单复数形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The girl_(read)books in the library every weekend. -答案：reads解析：主语The girl为第三人称单数，根据语法一致原则，谓语动词用单数形式，read 加-s变为readso ·真题2（完形填空）： These flowers__very beautiful in spring. A.look B.looks C.is looking D.are looking -答案：A解析：主语These flowers为复数名词，根据语法一致原则，谓语动词用原形，look符合语境。 考法二：集合名词与the+形容词”作主语的主谓一致辨析 ·核心：根据语境判断集合名词表整体还是成员，以及"th+形容词”表一类人还是抽象概念，进而确定谓 语动词的单复数形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The public _(be)the best judge because they always have their own opinions. -答案：are解析："the public”在此处表示”公众”这一类人，根据知识点二中"the+形容词'作主语表一 类人时谓语用复数”的规则，所以谓语用are。 ·真题2（单项选择）： The familywatching TV when the doorbell rang. A.is B.are C.was D.were -答案：D解析：根据知识点一中”集合名词表成员时视为复数”，此处"the family'”指家庭成员，且由when the doorbell rang”可知动作发生在过去，所以谓语用were。 考法三：综合运用主谓一致的基本原则与特殊规列 ·核心：结合语法一致、意义一致、就近一致原则，综合处理并列主语、不定代词、数词分数及特殊结构 作主语时的谓语形式 ·真题1（单项选择）： -Not only the students but also their teacher _interested in this new project.More than one student -already joined the team. A.is;has B.are;have C.is;have D.are;has -答案：A解析：第一空根据就近一致原则，靠近谓语的"their teacher'”为单数，谓语用is;第二空”more than one+单数名词”作主语时视为单数，谓语用has。 ·真题2（语法填空）： Two thirds of the money-(donate)to the poor area so far.The rest_(be)kept for future use. -答案：has been donated;is解析：第一空分数"Two thirds”后接不可数名词money,谓语与money 一致用单数，由”so far'”可知用现在完成时，故填has been donated;第二空"the rest'”指代不可数名 词money,.视为单数，用is。 语法复习|英语|北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.Each of the students_a new dictionary for the English class. A.have B.has C.are having D.were having 2.The police_searching for the missing child in the neighborhood now. A.is B.are C.was D.were 3.Not only my parents but also I_interested in watching the football match. A.am B.is C.are D.be 4.Three kilometers __not a long distance for a experienced runner. A.is B.are C.was D.were 5.The number of people present at the meeting__about 200,and a number of them__from Shanghai. A.is;are B.are;is C.is;is D.are;are 6.What he said and what he did _quite different. A.was B.were C.has been D.have been 7.Two thirds of the land in this area_covered with trees and grass. A.is B.are C.was D.were 8.The old taken good care of in our community,and the young_taught to respect them. A.is;are B.are;is C.are;are D.is;is 9.A knife and fork_needed when you eat western food. A.is B.are C.was D.were 10.It is the children who_responsible for the accident. A.is B.are C.was D.were 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.My brother,along with his friends,_(play)basketball every Sunday afternoon. 2.Everyone in our class_(like)English very much 3.The news_(be)so exciting that we all jumped with joy. 4.Neither you nor I(be)wrong about this matter. 5.There_(be)a pen,two pencils and a notebook on the desk. 6.Most of the students_(have)finished their homework already. 7.The team_(be)discussing their plan for the coming competition now. 8.Five hundred dollars_(be)enough to buy the new book. 9.The rich_(should)help the poor in society. 10.What you said_(make)me think deeply about my future. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） *阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。* Nowadays,the environment pollution has become a serious problem.The public_(be)more and more concerned about it.A number of measures-(take)to solve this problem so far.For example,many factories _(be)asked to reduce their waste emissions. Not only the government but also common people_(play)an important role in protecting the environment. As we know,every little effort-(count).For instance,using public transport instead of private cars -(help)reduce air pollution. The amount of garbage people produce every day_(be)very large.However,if we sort our waste properly,30%of it_(can recycle).Moreover,the beauty of nature_(remind)us to cherish our planet. It is everyone's duty to protect the environment.Only when we work together_(we make)the world a better place 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.B3.A4.A5.A6.B7.A8.C9.A10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.plays 2.likes 3.was 4.am 5.is 6.have 7.are 8.is 9.should 10.makes 演练三：语法填空 1.are 2.have been taken 3.are 4.play 5.counts 6.helps 7.is 8.can be recycled 9.reminds 10.will we make 语法复习|英语|北师大版