定语从句系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（北师大版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） Chapter1定语从句系统复习 考频分析 定语从句是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷多个核心题型：单项选择 3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空1-2题、阅读理解（辅助理解长难句）、书面表达（提升句子丰富度与 逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中，定语从句的关系词选择、限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别及语序往往 是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对定语从句的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用： ·关系代词与关系副词：that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why的指代对象与句法功能 辨析； ·限制性与非限制性定语从句：形式区别（逗号有无）、语义差异（修饰限定与补充说明）及语境选择； ·特殊用法：”介词+关系代词”结构中介词搭配规则、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别、先行 词为way/time/situation等时的关系词选用。 精讲精练 知识点一：定语从句的构成及分类 ·1.定义及基本结构（修饰名词代词，补充说明其特征） 一结构：先行词+关系词+从句（关系词代替先行词在从句中作成分） -例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister..(先行词the girl,.关系词who在从句中作主 语)口This is the book which I bought yesterday..(先行词the book,关系词which在从句中作宾语) ·2.关系代词（指代人物，在从句中作主语宾语定语） -指人：who(主语/宾语)、whom(宾语)、whose(定语)→例句：口The teacher who teaches us math is very kind.(主语)☐The boy whom you met yesterday is from Canada.(宾语)口This is the student whose mother is a doctor..(定语，后接名词) -指物：which(主语/宾语)、that(主语/宾语，可指人/物)→例句：口The house which stands on the hill is very old.(主语)口Idon't like the movie that we watched last night.(宾语，指物) ·3.关系副词（指代时间地点原因，在从句中作状语） -when(时间状语，先行词为时间名词)：I still remember the day when we first met,. -where(地点状语，先行词为地点名词)：This is the school where I studied ten years ago. -why(原因状语，先行词为reason):The reason why he was late is still unknown. ·4.限制性与非限制性定语从句（根据是否不可或缺划分） -限制性（紧跟先行词，无逗号，不可省略）：The man who is talking to my father is a lawyer.(去掉从 句则句意不完整) -非限制性（用逗号隔开，补充说明，可省略）：My brother,.who works in Beijing,will come back next week.(逗号隔开，对brother补充说明，去掉后主句仍成立) 【即学即练】 1.【定语从句结构】The boy_Lis playing football is my brother.空格处应填的关系词是？ A.which B.who C.where D.why 2.【关系副词用法】请写出合适的关系词：This is the park__I met my old friend yesterday. 3.【限制性与非限制性定语从句】判断句子类型：My father,who is a worker,likes fishing. A.限制性定语从句 B.非限制性定语从句 C.状语从句 D.同位语从句 4.【关系代词功能】The book _cover is green is mine.空格处应填？ A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 5.【关系词省略】关系代词在定语从句中作_时，通常可以省略。 语法复习」英语」北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 知识点二：定语从句难点及特殊用法 ·1.关系代词that与which的区别（高频考点） -口只能用that的情况 *先行词为al、something、nothing、anything、everything等不定代词时：Is there anything that I can do for you? *先行词被序数词(first、second等)或形容词最高级(best、most等)修饰时：This is the first book that i bought in the bookstore. *先行词既指人又指物时：The writer and his novel that you mentioned are well-known. -口只能用which的情况 *引l导非限制性定语从句时：She passed the exam,which made her parents very happy, *关系代词前有介词时：This is the house in which I lived ten years ago, ·2.关系代词as的用法（固定搭配及指代） -口用于固定结构(s引导的定语从句可置于句首) *as we know(众所周知)：As we know,the earth is round. *as is often the case(情况通常如此)：As is often the case,he arrived late for class. *as has been said before(如前所述)：As has been said before,practice makes perfect. 一口指代整个主句内容（非限制性，可置于句首中未） *He failed the exam,as was expected.(as指代“他考试不及格”这-一情况) ·3.“介词+关系代词”结构（从句中介词提前） 一口介词选择规则 *根据先行词搭配：I need a pen with which I can write.(write with a pen,介词with提前) *根据从句谓语动词搭配：The girl about whom we are talking is my cousin..(talk about sb.,介词 about提前) 一口常用结构及例句 *“名词+of which”=“whose+名词”：This is the house the windows of which are broken.(=whose windows are broken *“数词/代词+of which”:There are50 students in my class,most of whom are from Beijing. ·4.定语从句与强调句同位语从句的区分（易混淆考点） -口与强调句区分（强调句结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+-其他） *定语从句（关系词代替先行词在从句中作成分）：It is the house that i bought last year.(that在从 句中作宾语，先行词为house) *强调句(that/who不作成分，去掉It is/was.…that后句子仍完整)：It was in2020 that I bought the house.(去掉twas.that后为“I bought the house in2020”,句子完整) -口与同位语从句区分（同位语从句解释说明先行词内容，that无意义且不作成分） *定语从句(that作成分)：The news that he told me is true.(that在从句中作宾语，先行词news被 修饰)》 *同位语从句(that不作成分)：The news that he won the game is true.(that引导的从句解释news 的具体内容，that无意义) 知识点三：定语从句的省略及特殊先行词 ·1.关系代词的省略规则（非正式语境及固定搭配） -关系代词作宾语时可省略：The book(which/that)I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (which/that在从句中作宾语，可省略) -先行词为way时关系词的省略：Idon't like the way(that/in which)he speaks to his mother..(way作 先行词时，that/in which可省略) -□语中作表语的关系代词省略：He is no longer the man(that)he used to be.(that在从句中作表语， 可省略) ·2.特殊先行词的定语从句（高频特殊考点） -先行词为time(次数)时：This is the second time(that)I have visited Beijing.(time表示“次数”时， 关系词that可省略，从句用现在完成时) -先行词为case/situation/point时：We have reached a point where we must make a decision.(point 表示“阶段”，用where引导定语从句) -先行词为reason时的省略：The reason(why/that)he gave for being late is unbelievable..(reason 作先行词，关系词作宾语时why/that可省略) ·3.分隔式定语从句（先行词与从句被其他成分隔开） -基本特征及判断：I was the only person in my office who was invited to the party.(先行词person与 从句被in my office隔开) -解题关键（找准先行词）：The days are gone when we could travel without a passport..(先行词days 与从句被are gone隔开，when作时间状语) ·4.定语从句与状语从句的区分（易混淆语法点） -定语从句（有先行词，关系词指代先行词）：I'll never forget the day when I met you.(先行词day, when指代day) -时间状语从句（无先行词，when表“当…时"）：I was reading when he came in..(无先行词，when 引导时间状语从句)》 -地点状语从句（无先行词，where表“在…地方”）：Put the book where you found it.(无先行词， where引导地点状语从句) 语法复习|英语」北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 考法一：关系代词that与which的区别 ·核心：根据先行词特征及从句类型，判断使用that还是which引导定语从句 ·真题1（语法填空）： This is the most interesting story_I have ever read. -答案：that解析：先行词story被形容词最高级the most interesting修饰，根据知识点二第1点D, 此时只能用that引导定语从句。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -She received an award,-made her family very proud. A.that B.which C.who D.whom -答案：B解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，根据知识点二第1点口，非限制性定语从句只能用which 引导，指代主句内容。 考法二：关系代词that与vhich的用法区别及省略规则 ·核心：根据先行词类型、从句类型及语法功能，判断使用that/which或省略关系代词 ·真题1（语法填空）： -This is the most interesting story _I have ever read. -答案：that解析：先行词story被形容词最高级most interesting修饰，根据知识点二，只能用that引 导定语从句。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -The dictionary_my mother bought for me is very useful. A.which B.who C.what D.whose -答案：A解析：先行词dictionary指物，在从句中作宾语，可用which或that,选项中无that,故选 择A;B指人，C不能引导定语从句，D作定语，均不符合。 考法三：定语从句综合运用与特殊结构辨析 ·核心：结合关系代词副词的选择、特殊先行词用法及与其他从句的区分，考查定语从句的综合应用能力 ·真题1（单项选择）： The reason-he explained at the meeting for his absence was-he was seriously ill,-made us worried. A.why;that;which B.that;why;as C.that:that:which D.why;because;as -答案：C解析：第一空先行词为reason,关系词在从句中作explained的宾语，用that;第二空为表 语从句，从句成分完整用that引导；第三空引导非限制性定语从句指代前文内容，用which。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -We're living in an age_many things can be done on computers.The Internet,-we know,is playing an important role in our daily life.More and more people,most_are young,prefer online shopping. -答案：when as of whom解析：第一空先行词age表时间，从句中缺时间状语用when;第二空为固 定搭配as we know;第三空为”代词+of which”结构，先行词people指人，用most of whom。 语法复习」英语」北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 先行词有最高级，that引导不含糊； 非限制定语从句，which指代主句事； 指物作宾that/which,选项无that选which; reason作宾用that,表从完整that引导； 先行词为时间age,从句缺状when来填； as we know固定搭，代词+of whom指人佳。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.This is the best film _I have ever seen in my life. A.which B.that C.who D.whom 2.My sister,is a doctor,will come to visit me next month. A.that B.which C.who D.whom 3.The reason_he was late for school was_he missed the early bus. A.why;because B.that;why C.why;that D.that;that 4.We visited the house _Lu Xun once lived. A.which B.where C.that D.when 5.He has three sons,all _are teachers A.of whom B.of which C.whom D.which 6.-is known to all,the earth moves around the sun. A.That B.Which C.As D.What 7.It was in the park_we first met five years ago. A.which B.where C.that D.when 8.The way-he solved the problem surprised everyone. A.which B.in that C.by which D./ 9.The book_cover is red belongs to my brother. A.which B.whose C.that D.of which 10.This is the first time_I have been to Beijing. A.that B.when C.which D.as 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The girl_(who/whom/whose)hair is black is my classmate. 2.This is the city_(where/which)I was born. 3.I can't find the pen(which/what)I bought yesterday. 4.He failed the exam,_(which/as)made his parents sad 5.The man _(with whom/whom with)I talked just now is my uncle 6.This is the best novel_(that/which)I have ever read. 7.The reason-(why/that)he gave for being absent is not true. 8.We live in an age_(when/where)technology is developing rapidly. 9.She has two daughters,both _(of whom/of which)are students 10.(As/Which)we expected,he won the first prize in the competition. 演练三：语法填空（共10空） Dear Mike, I'm writing to tell you about the village-1-I stayed during the summer holiday.It is a small village -2(surround)by mountains.The people here are kind,_3_makes me feel at home. The village has a history of over 200 years.There is an old temple_4_was built in the 19th century. Many tourists visit it every year,most_5come to enjoy the beautiful scenery.I often walked along the river6I could hear birds singing. One day,I met an old man_7told me stories about the village.He said the reason_8_the village remains so beautiful is_9_everyone protects the environment._10_is often the case,the villagers live a simple and happy life. Best wishes.Li Hua 答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.C3.C4.B5.A6.C7.C8.D9.B10.A 演练二：填空试题 1.whose 2.where 3.which 4.which 5.with whom 6.that 7.that 8.when 9.of whom 10.As 演练三：语法填空 1.where 2.surrounded 3.which 4.that/which 5.of whom 6.where 7.who/that 8.that 9.that 10.As 语法复习|英语|北师大版