北师大版高中英语动词短语系统复习-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（北师大版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（北师大版） Chapter1动词短语系统复习 考频分析 动词短语是高中英语词法的重要模块，考频占词法总量的5%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择 (23题)入、完形填空(4-5题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响短语搭配的准确性与 表达丰富性)。在语境理解类题目中，动词短语的固定搭配、语义辨析及语境应用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 北师大版高中英语对动词短语的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖固定搭配与语境应用： ·动词短语分类与语义辨析：动词+副词（如give up,put off)、动词+介词（如look for,,depend on)、动 词+副词+介词（如come up with,catch up with)的结构特点与多义现象； ·动词短语语境应用：结合时态（如现在完成时中动词短语的使用）、语态（如被动语态中动词短语的完整 性)及非谓语动词（如动词短语作宾语、状语时的形式变化）的综合运用； ·动词短语固定搭配与习惯表达：教材重点动词短语（如take part in,make sense of)在完形填空、阅读 理解及书面表达中的准确选用，包括同义短语替换与反义短语辨析。 精讲精练 知识点一：动词短语的构成及分类 ·动词+介词（介词后需接宾语，宾语只能位于介词后） -常见短语：look for(寻找)、listen to(听)、depend on(依靠) -例句：口She is looking for her lost key.(for为介词，后接名词key作宾语)口You should listen to your parents'advice.(to为介词，后接名词短语your parents'advice作宾语) ·动词+副词（副词可位于宾语前或后，若宾语为代词侧必须位于动词和副词之间） -常见短语：put away(收拾)、turn on(打开)、give up(放弃) -例句：He put away his books..He put his books away.(宾语books为名词，可位于副词前后)口 She gave it up finally..(宾语it为代词，必须位于动词gave和副词up之间) ·动词+副词+介词（整体相当于及物动词，后需接宾语） -常见短语：come up with(提出)、look forward to(期待)、catch up with(赶上) -例句：口They came up with a good idea.(with为介词，后接名词短语a good idea作宾语)DWe are looking forward to the summer holiday.(to为介词，后接名词短语the summer holiday作宾语) ·动词+名词+介词（名词多为核心动作对象，介词后接宾语）》 -常见短语：take care of(照顾)、make use of(利用)、pay attention to(注意) -例句：口Please take care of your little sister.(of为介词，后接名词短语your little sister作宾语)口 We should make full use of our time.(of为介词，后接名词短语our time作宾语) 【即学即练】 1.【动词短语构成】”look forward to”属于什么类型的动词短语？ A.动词+介词 B.动词+副词 C.动词+副词+介词 D.动词+名词+介词 2.【宾语位置】请将"He put the pen away.”改写为宾语为代词的形式： 3.【动词+介词结构】下列短语中，介词使用正确的是？ A.listen the music B.listen to the music C.depend the teacher D.look your key 4.【动词+名词+介词结构】”注意交通安全”用英语正确表达为？ A.pay attention traffic safety B.pay attention to traffic safety C.make use traffic safety D.take care traffic safety 5.【动词+副词结构】代词作宾语时，必须位于动词和副词 ：名词作宾语时，可位干副 词 或 高中|英语|北师大版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（北师大版） 知识点二：非谓语动词的用法及辨析 ·不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、未完成) 1.基本功能 -作主语（常用it作形式主语，不定式后置）、宾语（接在want/hope/decide等动词后）、表语（主 语为plan/dream等名词时)、定语（修饰名词，表将来动作）、状语（表目的、结果、原因） 2.主动语态 -结构：to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形） 一例句： *It is important to learn English well..(作主语，it为形式主语) *She wants to go to college next year.(作宾语) *His dream is to become a scientist.(作表语) *I have a lot of homework to finish tonight..(作定语，表将来动作) *He got up early to catch the first bus.(作目的状语) 3.被动语态 -结构：tobe+动词过去分词 一例句： *The work is to be finished by Friday.(表将来被动) *She expects to be invited to the party.(作宾语，表被动) ·动名词(doing)(表主动、进行、抽象概念) 1.基本功能 -作主语（表抽象动作）、宾语（接在enjoy/mind/practice等动词后）、表语（主语为抽象名词时）、 定语（修饰名词，表用途或性质） 2.主动语态 -结构：动词原形+ing 一例句： *Swimming is good for health.(作主语) *He enjoys playing football with friends.(作宾语) *Her hobby is painting.(作表语) *There is a reading room in our school.(作定语，表用途) 3.被动语态 -结构：being+动词过去分词 -例句： *He doesn't mind being told the truth.(作宾语，表被动) *Being invited to the meeting made her very happy.(作主语，表被动) ·现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done)(作定语和状语的区别) 1.现在分词（主动、进行） -结构：动词原形+ing 一功能：作定语（修饰名词，与名词为主动关系）、作状语（表主动或伴随动作） 一例句： *The running water is very clear.(作定语，water与run为主动关系) *They walked in the park,talking and laughing.(作伴随状语，they与talk/laugh为主动关系) 2.过去分词（被动、完成） 一结构：动词过去分词 一功能：作定语（修饰名词，与名词为被动关系）入、作状语（表被动或完成状态） 一例句： *The broken window was repaired yesterday.(作定语，window与break为被动关系) *Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful.(作状语，city与see为被动关系) ·非谓语动词的固定搭配对比 1.接不定式作宾语的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、refuse(拒绝)、promise(承 诺) -例句：She promised to help me with my English, 2.接动名词作宾语的动词：enjoy(喜欢)、mind(介意)、practice(练习)、finish(完成)、avoid(避免) -例句：He practices playing the piano every day,. 3.接不定式或动名词意义不同的动词： -remember to do sth.(记得去做某事，未做)vs remember doing sth.(记得做过某事，已做) -forget to do sth.(忘记去做某事，未做)vs forget doing sth.(忘记做过某事，已做) -stop to do sth.(停下来去做另一件事)vs stop doing sth.(停止正在做的事) 一例句： *Remember to lock the door when you leave.(记得去锁门，未做) *I remember locking the door this morning.(记得锁过门，已做) 知识点三：动词时态与语态的综合运用 ·一般时态（含主动/被动语态） 一基础时态对比（高考核心）： *一般现在时（表经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理）→主动：He gets up at6a.m.every day.被动： English is spoken by many people *一般过去时（表过去某时发生的动作）→主动：She visited the Great Wall last year..被动：The letter was written yesterday. *一般将来时（表将来计划或预测）→主动：Ne will have a picnic tomorrow.被动：The project will be finished next month. ·进行时态（含主动/被动语态） 一重点场景辨析： *现在进行时（表此刻正在进行）→主动：They are playing football now.被动：The house is being built these days *过去进行时（表过去某时正在进行）→主动：I was reading when the phone rang..被动：A story was being told by my grandma at 8 p.m.last night. *将来进行时（表将来某时正在进行）→主动：We will be having class at this time tomorrow.被动： The problem will be being discussed at the meeting. ·完成时态（含主动/被动语态） -关键时间标志词： *现在完成时(for/since/already/yet)→主动：He has lived here for10 years.被动：The work has been finished already. *过去完成时(by+过去时间after/before-+过去动作)→主动：She had left before I arrived.被动： The thief had been caught by the police by 9 p.m. *将来完成时(by+将来时间)→主动：Ve will have graduated by next summer.被动：All tasks will have been completed by then ·时态特殊难点（高考高频易错） 1.主将从现(if/when/as soon as引导的条件/时间状语从句)→If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. 2.现在完成时与一般过去时辨析（强调经历用完成时，具体时间用过去时）→I have visited Beijing twice. (经历)I visited Beijing in2019.(具体时间) 3.被动语态特殊结构（不及物动词无被动，如happen/occur)→The accident happened last week.(不 可说The accident was happened) 高中|英语|北师大版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（北师大版） 考法一：动词短语构成及分类辨析 ·核心：根据动词短语的构成类型（动词+介词/副词/副词+介词名词+介词），判断宾语位置或结构正 确性 ·真题1（语法填空）： -She is looking forward to-(receive)your reply as soon as possible -答案：receiving解析：短语look forward to属于“动词+副词+介词”结构，其中to为介词，后接 动名词作宾语，receive的动名词形式为receiving。 ·真题2（完形填空）： -Could you please_the books on the shelf? A.put away it B.put it away C.put away them D.put them away -答案：D解析：短语put away为“动词+副词”结构，宾语为代词时必须位于动词和副词之间；books 为复数，代词用them,故正确结构为put them away。 考法二：动词短语与非谓语动词结合 ·核心：根据动词短语的固定搭配及非谓语动词的用法规则，判断空格处应填的正确形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -He is looking forward to _(see)his grandparents next weekend. 一答案：seeing解析：look forward to”为动词+副词+介词结构的动词短语，其中“to”为介词，后 需接宾语，根据非谓语动词用法，介词后接动名词作宾语，see的动名词形式为seeing。 ·真题2（完形填空）： Please remember _off the lights before leaving the room.It's important to save energy. A.turn B.to turn C.turning D.turned -答案：B解析：“remember'”后接非谓语动词有两种用法，“remember to do sth.”表示记得去做某事 (未做)，“remember doing sth.”表示记得做过某事（已做）。根据语境“before leaving the room”可 知动作尚未发生，应用“remember to do sth.”,所以填to turn。 考法三：动词短语与非谓语动词的综合搭配 ·核心：识别动词短语的构成类型，判断其后接不定式还是动名词作宾语，并结合非谓语动词的语态和时 态特征 ·真题1（单项选择）： -He decided to give up_(smoke)after reading the health report. A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked 一答案：B解析：动词短语”gvup”属于”动词+副词”结构，up为副词，根据非谓语动词固定搭配， ”give up”后需接动名词作宾语，smoke的动名词形式为smoking。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -Remember_(look after)your younger brother when your parents are away. -答案：to look after解析：动词短语"look after'”属于”动词+副词+介词”结构，此处”remember”后接 不定式表示”记得去做某事（未做）”，符合语境”父母不在时记得照顾弟弟”，故填to look after。 高中丨英语|北师大版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（北师大版） 解题小妙招 动词短语先辨型，构成类型是核心； 动介之后跟宾语，宾语位置不分离； 动副短语看宾语，代词宾格放中间； 名词宾语可置后，位置灵活记心间； 非谓搭配要记清，to为介词接动名； remember后接非谓，未做用to已做ing; give up短语要注意，动名作宾是规律； 结合语境判未做，不定式来把空填。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.She often listens to music while_her homework A.do B.doing C.to do D.done 2.You should pay attention tothe teacher carefully in class. A.listen to B.listening to C.listen D.to listen 3.My mother reminds me_the door before going out. A.lock B.to lock C.locking D.locked 4.The project_by the end of next month. A.will finish B.will be finished C.is finishing D.has finished 5.He avoided _eye contact with me when I asked him the question. A.make B.to make C.making D.made 6.The novel_by many students last year has been republished. A.read B.reading C.to read D.was read 7.Remember__off the lights when you leave the classroom. A.turn B.to turn C.turning D.turned 8.The workers_the bridge since last January and they__it next month. A.built will finish B.have built finish C.have been building will finish D.are building have finished 9.We are looking forward to the famous scientist next week. A.meet B.to meet C.meeting D.met 10.The old man was noticed _into the river and immediately saved by a young man. A.fall B.to fall C.falling D.fallen 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He promised_(help)me with my math homework after school. 2.The children enjoy_(play)in the park every weekend. 3.This story is easy-(understand)even for primary students 4.The book(write)by Lu Xun is still popular today. 5.She decided_(give up)her job to travel around the world. 6.I forgot_(turn off)the TV before going to bed last night. 7.The library requires all books_(return)within two weeks. 8._(learn)English well,we need to practice every day 9.My parents don't allow me_(stay up)late on weekdays. 10.The teacher caught him _(cheat)in the exam and punished him. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） *阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。“ Nowadays,more and more students are trying to balance their studies and hobbies.However,some students find it difficult 1.-(manage)their time properly.For example,Tom,a high school student,used to spend too much time 2.(play)video games.As a result,he fell behind in his studies and his parents were very worried. Last month,Tom read an article about time management.He realized he needed 3.(change)his habits.He decided 4._(make)a schedule and stick to it.Every morning,he gets up early 5.-(review) his lessons.After school,he finishes his homework first instead of 6.-(play)games immediately.He also started 7.-(take)part in sports activities,which helps him 8.-(relax)and stay healthy. Tom's parents are happy to see his progress.They believe that as long as he keeps 9.-(work)hard, he will achieve his goals."It's never too late 10.-(change)bad habits,Tom said. 参老答案 演练一：单项选择 1.B2.B3.B4.B5.C6.A7.B8.C9.C10.B 演练二：填空试题 1.to help 2.playing 3.to understand 4.written 5.to give up 6.to turn off 7.to be returned 8.To learn 9.to stay up 10.cheating 演练三：语法填空 1.to manage 2.playing 3.to change 4.to make 5.to review 6.playing 7.to take/taking 8.(to)relax 9.working 10.to change 高中丨英语|北师大版