12种基础时态与被动语态-备战2026届高考英语一轮复习语法全解（北师大版）

ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） Chapter112种基础时态与被动语态 考频分析 12种基础时态与被动语态是高中英语语法的核心模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心 题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空3-4题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子时态准确 性与语态合理性。在语境理解类题目中，时态的时间线索分析、被动语态的动作承受关系判断往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 高中英语对12种基础时态与被动语态的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖基础用法与语境应用 ·基本结构掌握：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来 进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时的构成形式与标志 性时间状语； ·语态转换运用：主动语态与被动语态在各时态中的对应转换规则，含特殊句式（如情态动词、祈使句）的 被动表达； ·语境意义辨析：结合具体语境判断时态（如过去完成时表“过去的过去”、现在完成时表“过去动作对现 在影响”)及语态（强调动作承受者或客观陈述）的恰当使用。 精讲精练 知识点一：12种基础时态与被动语态 ·1.一般现在时 一主动结构：主语+动词原形动词三单现（主语为第三人称单数时） -被动结构：主语+amis/are+动词过去分词 -例句：She cleans the room every day..(主动，表经常性动作)口The room is cleaned by her every day.(被动) ·2.一般过去时 一主动结构：主语+动词过去式 -被动结构：主语+was/were-+动词过去分词 -例句：口He finished his work yesterday..(主动，表过去发生的动作)His work was finished by him yesterday.(被动) ·3.一般将来时 -主动结构：主语+wi/shall+-动词原形/be going to+动词原形 -被动结构：主语+will/shall be+动词过去分词/be going to be+动词过去分词 -例句：口They will hold a meeting tomorrow.(主动)口A meeting will be held by them tomorrow.(被 动) ·4.现在进行时 -主动结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词 -被动结构：主语+amis/are+being-+动词过去分词 -例句：口She is reading a book now.(主动，表正在进行的动作)口A book is being read by her now. (被动) ·5.过去进行时 -主动结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词 一被动结构：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词 -例句：口He was watching TV at8p.m.last night..(主动，表过去某时正在进行的动作)口TV was being watched by him at8p.m.last night.(被动) ·6.将来进行时 -主动结构：主语+wil/shall be+动词现在分词 -被动结构：主语+wil/shall be being+动词过去分词（较少使用） -例句：口I will be working at this time tomorrow.(主动，表将来某时正在进行的动作) ·7.现在完成时 -主动结构：主语+have/has-+动词过去分词 -被动结构：主语+have/has been-+动词过去分词 -例句：They have finished the project..(主动，表过去动作对现在的影响)口The project has been finished by them.(被动) ·8.过去完成时 一主动结构：主语+had+动词过去分词 -被动结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词 -例句：口He had left before I arrived.(主动，表过去某动作之前完成的动作)☐He had been left by his parents when I arrived.(被动) ·9.将来完成时 -主动结构：主语+wil/shall have+动词过去分词 -被动结构：主语+wil/shall have been+动词过去分词 -例句：口They will have completed the task by next Friday..(主动，表将来某时前完成的动作)口The task will have been completed by them by next Friday. ·0.一般现在时的被动语态 一结构：主语+am/is//are+动词过去分词 -例句：The letters are delivered every morning.(表经常性、习惯性的被动动作) ·1.一般过去时的被动语态 -结构：主语+was/were-+动词过去分词 -例句：The bridge was built in1990.(表过去发生的被动动作) ·12.现在完成时的被动语态 -结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词 -例句：The work has been done.(表过去被动动作对现在的影响) 【即学即练】 1.【一般现在时被动】The classroom一(clean)every day by the students,. 2.【现在进行时被动】Look!A new road三(build)in our town now. 3.【-般过去时被动】The old house三(pul)down last year.. 4.【将来完成时主动】We三(finish)the work by the end of this week. 5.【时态辨析】He一(live)in Shanghai for5 years.(现在仍住在上海) 语法复习|英语」北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 知识点二：时态与被动语态难点突破 ·1.将来完成时（将来某时前完成的动作） 1.时间标志词 -by+将来时间点（如by next Monday、by the end of this year)、before+将来时句子（如before we graduate) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+wil/shall have+动词过去分词(shal用于第一人称，will用于所有人称) 一例句： *We will have learned 3000 words by the end of this term.(will have+learned *☐She will have finished her PhD before she turns3O.(will have+-finished;turns是一般现在时 表将来) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+will/shall have been+动词过去分词 一例句： *3000 words will have been learned by us by the end of this term.(will have been+learned) *Her PhD will have been finished by her before she turns 30.(will have been+finished ·2.将来进行时（将来某时正在进行的动作） 1.时间标志词 -at9a.m.tomorrow(明天上午9点)、this time next month(下个月这个时候)、when+一般将来 时句子（如hen you arrive tomorrow) 2.主动语态 -结构：主语+wil/shall be+动词现在分词(doing) 一例句： *I will be taking an exam at this time tomorrow.(will be+taking) *口They will be having a meeting when you arrive tomorrow.(will be-+having;arrive是一般现在 时表将来) 3.被动语态 -结构：主语+wil/shall be being+动词过去分词（强调动作正在被进行，高中阶段需识别结构） 一例句： *An exam will be being taken by me at this time tomorrow.(will be being+taken) *A meeting will be being had by them when you arrive tomorrow.(will be being+had) ·3.时态辨析：一般过去时Vs现在完成时 1.时间标志词对比 -一般过去时：yesterday、last year、.in2010(具体过去时间，与现在无关) -现在完成时：since2010、for5 years、so far(与现在有联系，强调影响或持续) 2.用法对比 -例句： *口He lived in Beijing for3 years.(一般过去时，现在已不住在北京) *He has lived in Beijing for3 years.(现在完成时，现在仍住在北京) 3.被动语态对比 一例句： *口The bridge was built in2010.(一般过去时被动，仅说明过去动作) *口The bridge has been built for15 years.(现在完成时被动，强调从过去到现在的状态) ·4.时态辨析：过去进行时Vs一般过去时 1.时间标志词对比 -过去进行时：at8p.m.last night、when he came in(强调动作正在进行) -一般过去时：last night、yesterday(强调动作已完成) 2.用法对比 一例句： *口She was reading a book when the doorbell rang.(过去进行时，ring动作打断read动作) *口She read a book last night..(一般过去时，仅说明昨晚做的事) 3.被动语态对比 一例句 *口A book was being read by her when the doorbell rang.(过去进行时被动，强调正在被读) *口A book was read by her last night.(一般过去时被动，仅说明被读的事实) ·5.被动语态特殊结构：感官动词和使役动词的被动 1.感官动词(see、hear、watch等) 一主动结构：主语+感官动词+宾语+动词原形现在分词 -被动结构：宾语（主格）+be+感官动词过去分词+todo(主动原形变被动todo)/being done (主动doing变被动being done) -例句： *We saw her enter the room.→She was seen to enter the room.(原形enter变to enter) *I heard him singing.→He was heard being sung.(现在分词singing变being sung) 2.使役动词(make、let、have等) 一主动结构：主语+使役动词+宾语+动词原形 -被动结构：宾语（主格）+be+使役动词过去分词+todo(主动原形变被动todo) -例句： *☐The teacher made us finish homework.→We were made to finish homework.(原形finish 变to finish) *口My parents let me watch TV.→I was let to watch TV.(原形watch变to watch) ·6.被动语态特殊结构：不及物动词短语的被动 1.常见不及物动词短语：look after(照顾)、take care of(照顾)、pay attention to(注意)、send for (派人去请) 2.结构：主语+be+动词短语过去分词（短语整体变被动，不可拆分） 3.例句： -口The baby is looked after by her grandmother..(look after整体变looked after) This problem is paid attention to by the teacher.(pay attention to paid attention to) -口The doctor was sent for immediately.(send for整体变sent for,,主语是动作承受者) 知识点三：情态动词与被动语态 ·1.情态动词基本结构（主动与被动） -基础情态动词(can/could/.may/might/must/.should/need) *主动结构：主语+情态动词+动词原形 *例句： ·☐She can speak three languages.(can+speak) .We must finish the task today.(must+finish) *被动结构：主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词 *例句： .Three languages can be spoken by her.(can be+spoken) The task must be finished by us today.(must be+finished) -情态动词have to/had to *主动结构：主语+have/has/had to+动词原形 *例句： ·▣They have to leave early.(have to+leave) ·☐He had to work last Sunday.(had to+work) *被动结构：主语+have/has/had to be+动词过去分词 *例句： The work has to be done today.(has to be+done) .The project had to be completed by Friday.(had to be+completed) ·2.情态动词表推测的被动语态 -肯定推测(must/may/might) *结构：主语+must/may/might+be+动词过去分词（对现在情况推测） *主语+must/may/might+have been+动词过去分词（对过去情况推测） *例句： ·☐The door must be locked by someone.(现在推测，must be+locked) ·口This book may be written by a famous writer.(现在推测，may be+written) ·☐The window might have been broken by the children.(过去推测，might have been+broken) -否定推测(cant/couldn't) *结构：主语+can't/couldn't+be+动词过去分词（现在否定推测） *主语+can't/couldn't+have been+动词过去分词（过去否定推测） *例句： ·口The news can't be true.(现在否定推测，can'tbe+true) ·☐He couldn't have been invited to the party.(过去否定推测，couldn't have been+invited) ·3.情态动词被动语态的特殊用法 -情态动词should的被动建议用法 *结构：主语+should(not)be+动词过去分词 *例句： .The problem should be solved immediately.(should be+solved) .You shouldn't be allowed to smoke here.(shouldn't be+allowed -情态动词need的被动必要性表达 *结构：主语+need(not)be+动词过去分词 *例句： ·口The car needs to be repaired.(主动：need to do;被动：needs to be repaired) This room needn't be cleaned today.(needn't be+cleaned) -情态动词used to的被动语态 *结构：主语+used to be+动词过去分词 *例句： .This house used to be painted white.(used to be+painted) .He used to be respected by everyone.(used to be+respected) ·4.情态动词被动语态的时态结合 一与现在完成时结合 *结构：主语+must/may/might+have been+动词过去分词 *例句： .The work must have been finished by now.(must have been+finished) She may have been told the truth.(may have been+told) 一与将来时结合 *结构：主语+will be able to+be+动词过去分词 *例句： .The task will be able to be completed next week.(will be able to be+completed 语法复习|英语|北师大版 ENGLISH-语法复习系列资料（北师大版） 考法一：被动语态基本结构识别 ·核心：根据主动语态句子，判断时态并转换为正确的被动语态结构 ·真题1（语法填空）： The workers_(build)a new hospital in our city now.It_(complete)next year. -答案：are building will be completed解析：第一空由时间标志词“now”可知用现在进行时，主语 workers为复数，故填are building;第二空由“next year'”可知用一般将来时，主语it与complete 为被动关系，故填will be completed。. ·真题2（单项选择）： Many trees_in our school last year. A.plant B.planted B.were planted D.are planted 一答案：C解析：由时间标志词“last year'”可知用一般过去时，主语trees与plant为被动关系，一般 过去时被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，trees为复数，故填were planted. 考法二：时态与被动语态结合 ·核心：根据时间标志词和动作主被动关系，判断正确时态的被动语态形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： -The project(complete)by the end of next month.All team members are working hard now. -答案：will have been completed解析：由时间标志词“by the end of next month”(将来时间点)可 知用将来完成时，且“project”与“complete'”为被动关系，结构为“will have been+过去分词”， complete的过去分词为completed。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -A new hospital_in our city when we moved here last year. A.was built B.was being built B.has been built D.will be built -答案：B解析：由时间标志词“when we moved here last year?”(过去时间点)可知强调过去某时正 在进行的动作，且“hospital”与“build'”为被动关系，用过去进行时被动语态“was being+过去分 词”，build的过去分词为built。. 考法三：时态、情态动词与被动语态的综合运用 ·核心：结合具体语境判断时态，运用情态动词的被动结构，掌握特殊被动语态的转换规则（如感官动词、 使役动词及动词短语的被动) ·真题1（单项选择）： -By the time we arrive at the cinema,the movie _for 10 minutes.We should have hurried A.will have begun B.will have been on B.has begun D.has been on -答案：B解析：根据"By the time we arrive”(by+将来时间点)可知用将来完成时；"begin”是短暂性 动词，与”for10 minutes”连用需转换为延续性动词短语"beon”,其被动语态（此处主语为动作承受者， 需用被动)结构为"will have been+过去分词”，"beon”的过去分词为"been on”。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -The old man was noticed _(help)the lost child by the police.Later,he said he was glad to offer assistance. -答案：to help解析：感官动词"notice”的被动结构为"be noticed to do sth”,主动结构中省略的"to”在 被动语态中需还原，故填"to help'”。 语法复习|英语|北师大版